July 3 marked the 169th anniversary of the birth of Admiral Feodor Vasilyevich Dubasov, an outstanding Russian sailor who did a lot for the development of Russian naval art and strengthening the national fleet. We bring to your attention an essay by military historian Boris Galenin dedicated to the memory of the undeservedly forgotten hero of Russia.
Start
Admiral Fedor Vasilyevich Dubasov was born in 1845. After graduating from the Marine Corps, he was promoted to midshipman in 1863.
He completed a circumnavigation of the world, after which he entered the Nikolaev Maritime Academy at the hydrographic department and successfully graduated in 1870. Being a member of the guards crew, Fyodor Vasilyevich with the rank of lieutenant was sent before the war of 1877 to Chisinau, where he received command of the destroyer boat "Tsesarevich", enlisted in the Black Sea detachment of the Danube flotilla - thus, during the war for the freedom of Bulgaria (1877-1878 ) Fyodor Vasilyevich had to act on the Lower Danube.
Feats and glory
During this war, Lieutenant Dubasov gained worldwide fame.
Dubasov's first military action was the installation of 3 minefield lines in the Machinsky branch of the Danube, against Brailov. This operation, carried out under Turkish fire from 3 steam boats, ensured the safety of the Barbossky bridge, which we captured at the very beginning of the war.
Not wanting to stop at passive actions alone, Dubasov attacked on the night of May 14, 1878, together with Lieutenant Shestakov and midshipmen Persin and Bal, on 4 boats armed with pole mines, Turkish ships stationed in the Machinsky sleeve. The battleship Seif was sunk without any losses on our part. This feat brought him the highest military award - the Order of St. George, 4th degree. One must imagine that for the operation to be successful, the tiny ships had to get close to the formidable warship, risking being the first to die from the explosion.
Commanding the Romanian gunboat “Grand Duke Nikolai”, Dubasov took part in laying mines at Girsov and in the upper reaches of the Machinsky branch, and then, when crossing troops across the Danube at Galati, Dubasov went on the same boat to demonstrate to Machin, in order to prevent the threat of an attack the Turks the opportunity to withdraw artillery against the Galati detachment. The boat and 2 boats did their job, withstanding enemy fire for 3 hours, until the Galati detachment, having crossed from Galati, captured the Budjak heights.
In July, Dubasov moved to Chernovody and on July 9 made a search on the Danube in order to determine the last stopping point of the Turkish troops. Having fired at the camp he found, Dubasov forced the infantry to retreat from it, and then, meeting with the monitor, entered into an artillery battle with him, in which he set his enemy on fire. Only the approach of the second Turkish monitor and the steamer forced Dubasov to retreat.
On July 10, he undertook a new reconnaissance to Silistria. Having completed it partly by water and partly by land, Dubasov returned to Chernovody, where he placed a number of minefields.
On August 24, Dubasov with one non-commissioned officer reached Kalarash (opposite Silistria) along the shore, from there to the bank of the Danube and, thus, became convinced that the bridge about which there were rumors did not actually exist, and that a battery had been erected on the island. Then, on Dubasov’s initiative, it was decided to launch a fireship against commercial cargo ships concentrated in Silistria. Dubasov’s activities during the war also include the mine-laying of the port of Kyustendzhi.
For military merits, Fyodor Vasilyevich was promoted to captain-lieutenant, and also received the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class, to St. George. with swords and golden weapons.
After the war
After the war, Dubasov was appointed Fligel-Adjutant and commanded a guards detachment of destroyers in 1879-80, and a practical detachment of destroyers in 1882. The actions of Lieutenant Commander Dubasov were always distinguished by extreme decisiveness when it came to fulfilling his official duty. A typical case is described by Admiral Alexander Georgievich von Niedermiller.
Commanding a detachment of destroyers, Fyodor Vasilyevich had to leave St. Petersburg to go to Kronstadt for coal and immediately follow to the Finnish skerries with an urgent assignment. After some delay in St. Petersburg, he arrived in Kronstadt when, on the occasion of Saturday, the coal warehouse was already closed. They sent for the warehouse manager, but he could not be found. Then Fligel-Adjutant Dubasov ordered the opening of the coal warehouse. The urgent order was completed. However, ill-wishers exaggerated the matter, and the overly determined sailor received a reprimand from the Admiral General in the order. And he immediately resigned. The persuasion of friends and closest superiors did not help. For several months the case was not progressed, but then it reached the Sovereign Emperor. Alexander III imposed a historical resolution:
“If Fligel-Adjutant Dubasov does not find it possible to come to me for explanations, then satisfy his request.”
So Fligel-Adjutant Dubasov was dismissed from service.
It is impossible not to comment on this episode of the biography of Fyodor Vasilyevich.
A person who lived most of his life under different shades of developed and other socialism in this story is amazed by everything. If Lieutenant Commander Dubasov had served in the Soviet Navy, they would have quickly explained to him how to open state-owned coal warehouses without permission, how not to find an opportunity to explain his action to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, if this Commander-in-Chief were not the Sovereign Emperor, but some kind of General Secretary. And even now, when the President is in this role, it probably wouldn’t seem too bad.
But Alexander III is still considered a strict Tsar.
From cruiser commander to squadron commander
The resignation of the obstinate sailor did not last long. Soon he was nevertheless returned to active service and appointed commander of the cruiser "Africa" (1883-1885), after returning from more than three years of circumnavigation under the command of E.I. Alekseeva.
Apparently, Dubasov’s time of resignation was credited as service in the Far North with accelerated rank promotion. What didn’t happen under the Tsar’s arbitrariness! How could a person not be bullied! He sits quietly in retirement as a captain-lieutenant, but he’s gone! ? to captain of the 2nd rank and forward. Command the cruiser, then. Stayed too long on the destroyers.
In 1887, our hero was promoted to captain of the 1st rank, and successively occupied the positions of cruiser commanders. First, “Svetlana”, and from 1888 to 1891, the frigate “Vladimir Monomakh”, on which it accompanies the Heir to the Tsarevich as part of the Russian squadron on his journey to the East. Then he commands the first Russian seaworthy battleship "Peter the Great", and the battery "Don't touch me".
In 1893, Fyodor Vasilyevich was promoted to rear admiral, and in 1897, first as a junior flagship, and later as a senior, he commanded the Pacific squadron; in this post he was promoted to vice admiral. F.V. commanded the squadron until July 1899, after which he was replaced by Admiral Ya.A. Hiltebrandt.
Wing-Adjutant Rear Admiral S.S. Fabritsky, in his memoirs, published in 1926 in Berlin, recalls how, as a very young officer, he sailed as part of the Pacific squadron when the squadron commanders were changed. And Admiral Alekseev “left for Russia, handing over his position to the most formidable of the admirals at that time in the Russian fleet, Rear Admiral Dubasov, the hero of the Turkish campaign.” He further says that Admiral Dubasov did not allow deception even in the form of a joke, “he studied everything to the smallest detail, demanding from his subordinates to work and bear responsibility for the units entrusted to them, without hiding the truth from the highest authorities.”
At the same time, the admiral was loved on the squadron. Extremely decisive himself, he always approved of the decisive actions of his subordinates, even if at first glance they did not agree with his orders. This is how the official magazine of maritime circles “Morskoy Sbornik” evaluates the activities of Admiral Dubasov as Commander of the Pacific Ocean Squadron in an article dedicated to the memory of the admiral.
On the Pacific Ocean
“The occupation of the Kwantung Peninsula by Russia dates back to the time the admiral commanded the Pacific squadron: this was done according to orders from St. Petersburg. The Squadron Leader himself is F.V. Dubasov - was fundamentally against this activity; he had just become familiar with the state of affairs in the Far East and after Germany occupied the port of Kiao Chau in November 1897 proposed to occupy the island of Cargodo with the port of Mozampo.
As you know, the archipelago of these islands lies not far from the island of Tsushima, which was designated as a base and even occupied in 1861 by another outstanding Russian admiral I.F. Likhachev. There is no doubt that F.V. Dubasov, who deeply respected the figure named above and was well aware of the latter’s outstanding military abilities, wanted to correct the mistake made in 1861: the government did not support the initiatives of Admiral Likhachev and he had to leave the island of Tsushima.
“The occupation of the Cargodo archipelago with the port of Mozampo, which I just examined in detail, completely resolves the issue of our strategic strengthening on the shores of the Eastern Ocean, giving us a base that dominates the communication between Korea and Northern China and Japan,” this is what Admiral Dubasov wrote in Petersburg.
“I could occupy the base and hold it by mining the secondary passages and occupying the main ones with a squadron,” he added in his report.”
This telegram was sent on November 26, and on the 29th an order was received from St. Petersburg to send a detachment of ships to ... Port Arthur. Fyodor Vasilyevich, reluctantly, had to give the order to Admiral Reunov to go to Kwantung. On the night of December 1, Admiral Reunov’s detachment went to Port Arthur, having Dubasov’s order in the event of actions by the British that were offensive to our dignity and honor (it was assumed that England had plans for Arthur): “to act in defense of this honor, as the oath commands.”
In his subsequent reports, the admiral pointed out preparations for war in Japan: “The country is actively and persistently preparing for it and in view of this, we, in my opinion, cannot tie our hands in actions that are directly necessary so as not to be caught in a helpless state. I cannot and should not remain silent about this in front of my superiors, out of duty of oath».
Then the admiral pointed out the irrationality of Arthur’s occupation in the following expressions: “we are already entering a path from which there is no turning... I don’t want to be a prophet, but I think that this will inevitably involve us in great difficulties.”
“As a base for our naval forces, Port Arthur is completely inadequate to meet the requirements” of the coming war with Japan.
The sound thoughts of the Squadron Leader were not properly appreciated, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs did exactly the opposite.
However, “Admiral Dubasov's three-year tenure as Commander of the Pacific Squadron did much to enhance Russia's prestige in the Far East,” says Admiral Niedermiller. Admiral Dubasov, with rare success, managed to win over the chiefs of the naval forces of other nations not only to himself, but also to everything they saw on the ships of the Russian squadron.
In the summer of 1899, during the stay of Admiral Dubasov with part of the squadron in Vladivostok, first the German admiral, Prince Henry of Prussia, and then the admiral of the English squadron arrived at this port, received by Admiral Dubasov with all due honors. As hunting lovers, hunts were organized for them in the depths of Vladivostok Bay behind the “Chernaya Rechka”, where tigers were still found until recently.
The officers of these foreign ships enjoyed exquisite hospitality on the ships of the Russian squadron. At the special urgent request of the guests, the treats usually consisted of national works of Russian cuisine, which everyone really liked.”
Chairman of the Ministry of Transport and Communications
Upon returning from the East, Dubasov was appointed in 1901 Chairman of the Marine Technical Committee, a post he remained in until 1905. In the leadership of this technical institution, the admiral “showed the same clarity of thought that distinguished him in the post of Squadron Commander,” says the latest Military Encyclopedia of the tsarist era in an article dedicated to F.V. Dubasov.
However, it cannot be said that this was not the most suitable post for a naval commander and diplomat by God's grace.
It seems that an invisible hand was removing him from active work for the benefit of the fleet and the Motherland.
He remained as Chairman of the MTK until 1905. The admiral did not take a direct part in the sad war of 1904-1905. But even his indirect participation brought benefits to the Fatherland. It is not his fault that his highest “rating” in the Russian fleet was not fully used. Here are three episodes, three “snapshots” of those times that are not so long ago, but hopelessly gone into the distance.
Three episodes: to the biography of Admiral Dubasov
Episode one: They wanted to see him at the head of the squadron
Eyewitness accounts have been preserved that after the tragic death March 31, 1904 Admiral Makarov during the explosion of the battleship Petropavlovsk in a minefield, in Port Arthur the names of three Russian admirals were heard, of whom both officers and sailors would like to see at the head of the squadron. These names Dubasov, Rozhestvensky and Chukhnin.
This is what the chronicler of Port Arthur and Tsushima, Captain 2nd Rank Vladimir Ivanovich Semenov, at that time the senior officer of the cruiser Diana, says about this in his famous “Reckoning”:
“On the battery and living decks, hastily compiled and (typewritten) printed lists of combat ships of the Baltic and Black Sea fleets, indicating their displacement, armor and artillery, were posted in prominent places. There was a crowd of people around the “proclamations” (as they were jokingly called). They interpreted, argued and (not stupidly) figured out the composition of the squadron that could be sent to the Pacific Ocean in their minds and on their fingers. Officers, appearing here and there, gave the necessary explanations.
However, the most lively interest was aroused not by disputes about the composition of those reinforcements that could be sent to us, but by the resolution of the question: who will arrive to replace the deceased Makarov.
Moving from one group to another, listening to conversations, often intervening in them, giving remarks, I was amazed at the awareness that this grey mass in relation to her leaders - her acquaintance with the personal qualities of the senior command staff...
The candidates for the post of fleet commander, outlined on the forecastle, were the same ones that were dreamed of in the wardroom, for whom I would have cast my vote without hesitation. The most frequently heard names were Dubasov, Chukhnin and Rozhdestvensky. Individual comments regarding the possibility of appointing one or the other only emphasized the correctness of the assessment of the situation.
“They won’t let Zinovey in.” Chinom is young. The old people will be offended... - Dubasova - that would be good! - If not old... - Why old! Not a man - a flint! - There's a rush, it's going on in St. Petersburg - and you want it, and you're injecting yourself! - If only Grigory would be just right! - What can I say!.. - Dubasov, don’t look how old he is! - Do I have anything to say? And it would be better if they were younger... - Of course Dubasova! - Zinoveya! - Gregory!..
At times, passions flared up, and supporters of one or another admiral were ready to engage in hand-to-hand combat, but the energetic cry of the boatswain or boatswain:
- Why did he open his mouth! Do you think they will hear it in St. Petersburg!? - prevented chaos...
— Listen to them, - a senior miner came up to me one day, - So after the death of Makarov, the entire fleet stands on three pillars - Dubasov, Chukhnin and Rozhdestvensky...
- And what do you think?
- Perhaps you’re right...
Let’s take this opportunity to digress for a minute and say a word in memory of the wonderful admiral and “truly Russian man,” in the words of Admiral Dubasov, Grigory Pavlovich Chukhnin. During the period of Fyodor Vasilyevich's command of the Pacific Squadron, Rear Admiral Chukhnin was the Commander of the Vladivostok port, and during the Russian-Chinese War, the Commander of the Amur Flotilla. Admiral Chukhnin's further activities were not connected with the Far East. As they said in the same Port Arthur, the Black Sea Fleet rested on it alone.
It was at the post of Commander of the Black Sea Fleet that the faithful servant of the Fatherland and the Throne, Admiral Chukhnin, died, falling victim to the revenge of the revolutionaries for his suppression of the uprising of the notorious lieutenant traitor and adventurer Schmidt.
Episode two: What would you do in his place, gentlemen?
During the war, we still had to remember the diplomatic talents of Admiral Dubasov. During the analysis of the Gull incident in Paris, Dubasov replaced the ill Admiral Kaznakov as a member of the international investigative commission. It was only through extraordinary efforts that Dubasov managed to persuade the delegates to a conclusion that was not offensive to the Russian fleet and personnel involved in the Dogger Bank incident.
The Gull incident itself, associated with the shelling of Japanese or allied Japanese destroyers on Dogger Bank by the 2nd Pacific Squadron, hiding behind English fishing boats, will not be discussed here, except to note that the exploits of the current Admiral Togo were looked upon by English public opinion ten years ago quite approvingly.
Let's just talk about Admiral Dubasov's participation in the work of this international commission. This is what Fleet General, and at that time Admiralty Colonel V.A., remembers about this. Shtenger, former secretary of the Russian delegation.
“Soon our Naval Agent shared with us the message he had received that Vice Admiral Fedor Vasilyevich Dubasov had been appointed successor to Admiral Kaznakov and would arrive in Paris by the end of the Christmas holidays. I knew Admiral Dubasov only from various Meetings, in which he always took an active part. With his appearance and demeanor, the Admiral made a very impressive impression. He showed great firmness and expressed his opinions sharply and directly. He spoke beautifully, slowly, confidently and very concisely. His views were taken into account at the Conferences. Several holiday days passed unnoticed for us who remained in Paris, and the day of the arrival of the new chairman arrived. Having dressed in the appropriate uniform, as was expected of civilians - frock coats and top hats - we went to greet him with some trepidation.
The train arrived and the Admiral got off. Tall, broad-shouldered and lean, with reddish hair combed forward in the old style at the temples. That same evening, a meeting was held at our home, where the Admiral reviewed the documents in detail and received explanations from us on various issues. The next day, the Admiral made all the obligatory visits, introduced himself to the President and Minister Delcassé, with whom we all then had breakfast by invitation. This breakfast was very lively and pleasant.
Baron Taube and I were finishing our Exposé de faits, which gave us quite a bit of work. Our Admiral, apparently, had not yet formed an opinion about the actual state of affairs, and every evening we met with him to find out all the details.
He had a very negative attitude towards Captain Clado, in connection with the feuilleton he wrote in Novoye Vremya.
The testimony that we had to listen to from the officers who came from the squadron provided a lot of material, but did not completely clarify the matter, and there was still not enough data to speak firmly and completely confidently before the commission. Authentic telegraph tapes and extracts from log books were requested from the squadron. In the meantime, the investigative commission met twice in its entirety at the quai d'Orsay for administrative meetings. An office was organized and the order of work was outlined.
Our legal representative Baron Taube and the English Mr. Frey, in one of the meetings, briefed the commission on their views on the incident. Briefly speaking, our representative claimed that the fishing steamships on Doggar Bank were without lights and on the ships of the squadron they saw 2 destroyers clearly standing out from them, against which fire was opened.
The Englishman claimed that the ships all had installed lights, and there were no destroyers and there could not be any. It is clear that it was impossible to reconcile such two diametrically opposed opinions and it became extremely interesting what way out of this situation would be found.
It was established earlier that only French would be used as the official language during the work of the commission. The eldest of those present, the French Admiral Fournier, was elected Chairman of the Commission...
The day of the meeting finally arrived. Both sides announced their Expose de faits as they understood them. Soon the English admiral, the elderly Sir Beaumont, asked to speak and, standing up, began a long statement of the whole matter and his view in English. As soon as he finished his speech, Admiral Dubasov stood up and clearly and slowly stated that at its administrative meeting the Commission adopted French as the official business language, and English, the admiral, contrary to this , gave a speech in English; therefore he, Admiral Dubasov, considers himself has the right and obligation express your point of view in your own language, i.e. in Russian, and then the Admiral made a long speech in Russian.
Most of those present blinked their eyes, not understanding anything. Having finished his address, Admiral Dubasov added that, of course, no one understood him, and therefore he would repeat what he said in French. The effect of such a speech by the Admiral was colossal, and needless to say that after this no one attempted to speak English at meetings anymore.
However, as I have already indicated above, the views of both sides on the matter were irreconcilable. The meetings continued, but it was already clear that, based on the material that had been revealed, it was almost impossible to make a decision that would satisfy both sides.
Then Admiral Dubasov found another way out”.
And a solution that any lawyer, and in essence this was precisely the role of Admiral Dubasov in the international commission, would not call anything other than a genius.
A widely known case is from the multifaceted activities of the great Russian lawyer, namesake of our Admiral Fyodor Nikiforovich Plevako. A completely hopeless trial lay ahead on the proven charge of the theft of church funds by one priest. The press, which was generally not very friendly towards the Orthodox Church, went berserk. The jury's conclusion was apparently a foregone conclusion. They consisted mainly of merchants from Zamoskvoretsk, who had a bad attitude towards violating property rights in general, and even more so in the church. Many were elders of their churches or members of parish councils. And yet, before the decisive meeting, Fyodor Nikiforovich said in front of witnesses that he would win the case with one phrase. The acquaintances smiled politely, but the courtroom that day was crowded. When the lawyer was given the floor, Plevako came out in front of the jury, bowed to them from the waist and said:
"Russian people! For forty years this man absolved you of your sins. Let him go once too.”
Needless to say, the acquittal verdict was unanimous. But, then a great lawyer and, in essence, a civil suit.
An international political process to discredit the Russian Imperial Navy also took place here. It was clear that no documents or evidence could turn the British off their path. And so Admiral Dubasov spoke, addressing directly the admirals, representatives of foreign powers, and members of the international commission of inquiry. Honored and experienced sailors, naval commanders. He invited them to answer one question, forgetting for a minute, whether there were destroyers or not:
“Was Admiral Rozhdestvensky, who led a squadron of 48 various ships, right when, bearing enormous responsibility, under the pressure of all intelligence information and messages from the ships of the squadron itself, he took measures to protect the squadron and at a certain moment opened fire?
What would you do in his place, gentlemen?
And the admirals are real sailors! Having forgotten about the political instructions they had received, they unanimously roared, I don’t know in the language of the commission, or each in their own:
“They would shoot everyone to hell!”
The actions of Admiral Rozhdestvensky were unanimously recognized under the circumstances the only true ones. And it was also said that This is what every commander of such a numerous and diverse squadron would have done in his place.”.
The stain on the Russian fleet and its personnel was erased. The Admiral's well-deserved reward was the honorary title of Adjutant General of His Majesty's Suite.
In my opinion, if Admiral Dubasov had decided to earn his living as a lawyer, he would not have died of hunger! And if instead of Witte in Portsmouth he had negotiated with the Japanese, then not only would he not have given up half of Sakhalin, but he would also have returned Port Arthur to Russia. Moreover, as we will see later, it was completely real.
Episode three: Until the enemy is completely defeated
The third episode with which I would like to acquaint the reader is the position of Admiral Dubasov at the Meeting devoted to the question of the possibility and appropriateness of concluding peace with Japan without winning the war. This meeting took place under the personal chairmanship of the Sovereign Emperor on May 24, 1905 in Tsarskoe Selo. And the speeches there were, frankly speaking, defeatist. They simply put pressure on the emperor’s psyche. Member of the State Council, Adjutant General Dubasov, was categorically against the conclusion of peace. His position was partially supported by Generals Grippenberg and Roop, and at the end of the Conference? Minister of War.
Here is an excerpt from the Journal of the Meeting.
Journal of the Military Conference under Personal Chairmanship
Present: H.I.V. Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich, H.I.V. Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich, General of the Infantry Roop, General of the Infantry Lobko, Adjutant General Grippenberg, General of the Infantry Grodekov, Adjutant General Baron Fredericks 1 th, Adjutant General Alekseev, Adjutant General Avelan, Adjutant General Sakharov, Adjutant General Dubasov.
The Sovereign Emperor opened the meeting and informed the members of the Conference that he had made a request to the Commander-in-Chief about how the loss of our fleet affected the mood of the army and what changes it should cause in the further actions of the army. Two telegrams were received from the Commander-in-Chief on this occasion, which were sent to the members of the meeting the day before.
His Majesty proposed the following four questions for discussion:
- Is it possible, given the current internal situation in Russia, to satisfy the requirements that the Commander-in-Chief sets for the success of our army’s actions against the Japanese?
- Do the available combat weapons make it possible to prevent the Japanese from occupying Sakhalin, the mouth of the Amur and Kamchatka in the near future?
- What result can the success of our army in northern Manchuria give at the conclusion of peace if Sakhalin, the mouth of the Amur and Kamchatka are occupied by the Japanese?
- Should an attempt be made immediately to make peace?
“Despite heavy defeats, on land and especially at sea, Russia not defeated. Moreover, Russia, continuing the fight, certainly must defeat her enemy.
Our movement to the East is a spontaneous movement - towards natural borders; we cannot retreat here, and our enemy must be overthrown and driven back.
To achieve this, the best troops must be sent to the theater of action. As for Vladivostok, it is not difficult to take it from the sea, and it probably will not last more than three months; but despite this, the war must continue, since we, in the end, we can and should return back everything taken by the enemy.
Japan's financial situation is, of course, worse than ours: she makes her last efforts; Our means of struggle are far from exhausted.
To ensure the success of our army we need begin laying the second track immediately and streamline our water communications. I am confident that after the latest defeats, the peace conditions proposed by Japan will be extremely onerous, and therefore, in my deep conviction, in order to change these conditions in our favor, it is necessary to continue the struggle until the enemy is completely defeated».
“I share with all my heart the innermost feelings expressed by Admiral Dubasov, but I believe that we are in such a position that we are all confused; We cannot continue to live like this. We will all die willingly and with joy, but this must be of benefit to Russia.
We must admit that we went too far in our hasty movement towards Port Arthur and Kwantung; we were in a hurry; not knowing the ford, we plunged into the water; we must stop; over time we will get there, but now we are in such, if not desperate, then difficult, situation that Internal well-being is more important to us than victories.
It is necessary to immediately make an attempt to clarify the terms of peace. With deep conviction, devoted with all my heart to Your Majesty and Russia, I repeat that we must now begin peace negotiations, and if the conditions are unacceptable, then we will all join the ranks of the troops to die for Your Majesty and for Russia. You have to choose the lesser of two troubles. We live in an abnormal state, it is necessary to restore internal peace to Russia.”
General Roop said:“I cannot agree to immediately ask for peace. Attempt to offer peaceful terms there is already a consciousness of powerlessness. The answer will be too painful. The conclusion of peace would be a great happiness for Russia; it is necessary, but one cannot ask for it. We must show the enemies our readiness to continue the war, and when the Japanese see this, peace conditions will be easier."
The Emperor deigned to say:“Until now, the Japanese have not fought on our territory. Not a single Japanese has ever set foot on Russian soil, and not a single inch of Russian land has yet been ceded to the enemy. This should not be forgotten. But tomorrow this may change, since, in the absence of a fleet, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Vladivostok may be taken, and then it will be even more difficult and difficult to begin peace negotiations.”
General Roop objected:“On the issue of peace and war, it is necessary to take into account the opinion of the people. In addition, according to Article 6 of the Regulations on the State Council, it can be involved in judgments on peace and war. A war can only be successful when there is national unanimity, as in this case now among the Japanese. On the other hand, if 135 million resist the wishes of peace, then the situation will be even worse than it already is. In these matters we must take public opinion into account.
Peace talks, if started now, will not improve the internal situation. Discontent will increase. Starting negotiations without knowing whether the people are ready to make all sacrifices to continue the war or yearn for peace is very risky. If Japan knows that Russia is seeking peace, then, of course, its conditions will be so painful for Russia that they will turn out to be unacceptable, and we will only suffer humiliation.”
The Minister of War said:“Under current conditions, ending the war is impossible. With our complete defeat, without a single victory or even a successful deed, it's a shame. This will damage Russia's prestige and will take it out of the great powers for a long time.
We must continue the war not for material gain, but to wash away this stain that will remain if we do not have the slightest success, as has been the case until now. Internal discord will not subside, it cannot subside if the war ends without victory.
I don’t know the mood of the people, I don’t know how they will react to this issue, but the letters and requests I receive from everywhere speak of continuing the struggle to preserve the dignity and military honor of Russia.”
Adjutant General Baron Fredericks said:“I wholeheartedly share the opinion of the Minister of War that peace cannot be concluded now, but it is necessary to find out on what conditions the Japanese would now be ready to end the war, in my deep conviction.”
Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich added:“I completely, like every military man, I am sure of this, understand the Minister of War. We need success. But until now we have always been mistaken in our calculations and hopes, and at the most critical moments these hopes were dashed, and we did not have a single success.”
Adjutant General Grippenberg objected:“Your Imperial Majesty, there was success under Sandepa, but we were ordered to retreat , and the Japanese were in a critical situation: they considered the battle lost and were extremely surprised that we retreated.”
Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich said:“We have not yet given up a single inch of Russian land to the enemy. We must continue to send troops. Peace talks do not oblige us to anything, and we have quite enough strength for a defensive war.”
Grand Duke Alexey Alexandrovich noticed that negotiations on the possibility of peace should be conducted in secret.
Adjutant General Dubasov said:« Whatever the peace conditions, they will still be too difficult for Russia’s prestige. This will be a defeat that will affect the future of Russia like a serious illness.”.
The admiral knew how to look beyond the horizon!
Note that when discussing the issue of concluding peace, the Admiral insisted on continuing the war because Firstly, he was the only one present, except, of course, the Sovereign Emperor, who clearly realized and formulated that our movement to the east ?this is not colonial expansion, but a natural spontaneous movement towards natural borders, Secondly— he clearly understood that little Japan, which had staked its entire existence, would not be able to withstand such tension for long. The war should be waged until the enemy is completely defeated.
If only the Admiral knew how right he was!
And such a person was appointed to the technical committee! Apparently he doesn’t get involved in politics.
The enemy is internal. The real enemy
In 1905, the Admiral, as Adjutant General, was sent to the Chernigov, Poltava and Kursk provinces to suppress unrest. And it suppresses, of course. “Without stopping, as the first TSB wrote with belated anger in 1931, before destroying the homes and property of the rebels.
In November 1905, Dubasov was appointed Moscow Governor-General and led the defeat of the December uprising.”
Let's look at this issue in a little more detail. From a Russian point of view. Otherwise, we only know from school years about the heroism of the next Baumans and the equally heroic defense of the Presnensky barricades by unidentified proletarians.
Speaking of Bauman. This “veterinary rook” publicly mocked the royal portrait on the street. And, as one source writes, “he was killed by a simple Russian janitor” who could not tolerate the abuse.
At that time, the janitor’s act was not yet called extremism! Although there was so much of the intellectual stench that even today they give her diplomas from one of the largest technical universities in Russia.
December uprising. How it really was
The tragic year 1905 ends. A significant part of the Russian people succumbed to the agitation of their enemies and opposed the authorities who were saving this people against their will. But, thank God, that year the Russian Tsar, and therefore the Russian people, still had faithful servants. So, 1905. December.
In the capital, the Council of Workers' Deputies is trying to prepare an armed uprising. However, its leaders sense that the presence of guards regiments makes any attempt at an uprising in St. Petersburg completely hopeless.
“Who needs" this factor will be taken into account, and by February 1917 the guards regiments will be destroyed. De facto. In minor battles of the Great War.
But in 1905 it was necessary to look for other methods. The first choice was a blow to public finances.
To do this, you should: 1) refuse to pay taxes; 2) require payment in gold or full-fledged silver coin for all transactions; 3) take deposits from savings banks and banks, demanding payment of the entire amount in gold; 4) not to allow payments on loans that the government entered into “when it was clearly and openly waging war on all the people.”
Thus, it was intended to disperse the gold reserves of the State Bank in order to depreciate the paper ruble, and at the same time deprive the authorities of the opportunity to enter into foreign loans.
But this time the authorities responded with a quick blow. All newspapers that published the “manifesto” were closed that same day, and the next day, December 3, the entire Council of Workers' Deputies was arrested. Of course, he had “deputies”; the Presidium of the Council was still meeting and passing resolutions. But the history of the Council, as a power institution, as a “second boss,” ended with this arrest, and with it the revolutionary uncensored press disappeared.
The “Fighters for People’s Happiness” felt that the paralysis of power was ending, the ground was slipping from under their feet, and decided to give a general battle: a general strike, turning into an armed uprising. I dreamed of joining the troops to the rebels. Moscow was recognized as the most convenient place to start the event, where Governor General P.P. Durnovo, through his complete inaction, facilitated the activities of revolutionary organizations. In addition, fermentation occurred in the troops of the Moscow garrison (especially in the Rostov regiment); the soldiers “made demands” on the commanders and refused to obey. It seemed like the matter was going well.
Receiving representatives of the administration, Fyodor Vasilyevich said: “In this very Moscow, where the heart of Russia beat with ardent love for the Motherland, criminal propaganda made a nest for itself. Moscow became a gathering and breeding ground of people boldly rising up to destroy the foundations of order... Under such conditions, my the appointment to the post of Moscow Governor-General takes on a special character.
This - appointment to a combat post...
I am convinced of victory over sedition, which can be defeated not only with volleys and bayonets, but with the moral influence of the best social forces... Now sedition turns to the legitimate authorities with daring demands, poses a daring challenge with raised weapons. That is why I will not hesitate for a single minute and will use the most extreme measures: I will act as my duty commands me.".
The effect of the admiral's words was immediate. On the same day, the unrest in the Rostov regiment ended: the soldiers, suddenly feeling a surge of patriotism and realizing the need for military discipline, “rocked” their commander and shouted “hurray” to him. However, the Trotskyist-Leninists did not let up.
On December 6, an “order of revolution” was issued, as “New Time” put it: at 12 noon, December 8, a general strike was declared.
“The proletariat will not be satisfied with any partial movements of political figures of government personnel. It does not stop strikes until all local authorities surrender their powers to a temporary revolutionary government body chosen from the local population,” said the appeal signed by the Social Democrats, Socialist Revolutionaries, the Union of Railway Workers lacked this, the Postal and Telegraph Union and the Moscow and St. Petersburg Soviets.
Even such a seasoned enemy of the autocracy as P.N. Miliukov in his newspaper warned the extreme parties against such a risky step. He was obviously afraid that if the authorities suddenly started putting pressure on him, they might ruin his skin.
The third general strike began on schedule on December 8, but somewhat sluggishly. Many railways outright refused to join it. In St. Petersburg, only a small part of the workers went on strike. “They ordered to start a strike, but they don’t obey!” “New Time” ironically noted on December 9, and the very next day it reported: “The All-Russian strike failed in the most deplorable way.” But it was premature to talk about complete victory.
The railways of the Moscow hub went on strike, except for Nikolaevskaya, which was heavily guarded by troops. The revolutionary parties, which gathered about two thousand armed vigilantes in Moscow, decided to continue their performance as planned.
The main task was to achieve the transfer of troops to the side of the revolution. The headquarters of the fighting squads therefore decided to wage a guerrilla war on the territory of the ancient capital. The vigilantes were given the following “technical instructions.” It seems that the future People's Commissar of Military Affairs personally:
“Operate in small detachments. Against hundreds of Cossacks, place one or two shooters. It’s easier to hit a hundred than one, especially if this one unexpectedly shoots and disappears to God knows where... Let our fortresses be passage yards and all places from which it is easy to shoot and it's easy to leave."
The calculation was base and elementary: the soldiers would shoot, hitting not the hidden vigilantes, but the civilian population; this will embitter him and encourage him to join the uprising. The future People's Commissar for Military Affairs knew his job well.
Again questions arise. It's clear? Russia is not Switzerland. Ice axes are in short supply. Well, ordinary axes weren’t suitable for Lev Davydovich, or what? Or was General Sudoplatov missing?
Barricades were built throughout the city - mostly from overturned sleighs or carts, and broken gates, with a foundation of snow. There were a lot of barricades but they were not protected at all; they were only supposed to delay the movement of troops and facilitate the possibility of shelling from the windows.
This tactic made it possible to fight without suffering almost any losses: the vigilantes shot at the troops and immediately hid in the labyrinth of courtyards.
The scum shot individual policemen standing at the post. But this also had an undesirable effect for pistol players. The dragoons and Cossacks, who at first acted reluctantly, became embittered and began to chase the elusive enemy with passion.
Even the liberal press began to disgust the methods and means of the “revolutionary struggle”. Or perhaps some nosy workers got their pen in a hot hand from the same Cossacks.
“Can shooting from around a corner, from a gateway, from a window be considered courage?” - wrote a certain “Moskvich” on December 23 in Novoye Vremya. “To shoot, and then run away through fences and courtyards, forcing civilians to pay for their bravery with their lives and blood - what kind of courage and heroism that defies description.”
No, well, you clearly feel personal life experience, ? I probably got it in the neck. Hence “life and blood.”
An order was issued instructing the janitors to keep the gates locked. The squads responded with a counter-order: to beat the janitors who locked the gates, and if repeated, to kill them. Several houses from the windows of which shots were fired had to be shelled. The partisan war lasted from December 9 to December 14—physical fatigue began to take its toll among the Cossacks and dragoons. Fatigue was felt among the troops, but the vigilantes also increasingly encountered the voluntary militia organized by the Union of Russian People.
On December 14, Admiral Dubasov addressed the Emperor via direct wire to Tsarskoe Selo. He explained the situation and emphasized how important the outcome of the struggle in Moscow was. The Emperor understood his admiral and gave the order to send the Semenovsky regiment under the command of General Georgy Aleksandrovich Min to help the Life Guards.
The arrival of the Semenovsky regiment in Moscow on December 15 finally decided the fate of the revolutionary uprising. The warriors suddenly realized that the time of janitors and rare dragoons had passed, and began to retreat out of the city. Before leaving, they also showed up at the apartment of the head of the security department, Voiloshnikov, and shot him, despite the pleas of his children.
The handwriting of the future Chekas was formed long before October 1917, but they did not give due importance. But then cut out this scum to the roots with a hundred thousand, look, it all worked out? and the remnants of the Russian tribe would not now be dying out at a rate of 10,000 people per day!
But just think that if not the gallows, even if not execution with children and household members, as the faithful Trotskyist-Leninists later practiced with all those guilty according to their cannibalistic laws, and even more so with those who were innocent even according to these laws, no, not execution.
Yes, expulsion everyone terrorists, utopians and revolutionaries, especially theorists, with families in sunny Oymyakon and Verkhoyansk, empty lands of the Arctic and Antarctic, as the great Mendeleev proposed. Let there be socialisms with others - isms are building. It is possible, of course, for example, to create a useful nickel plant in Taimyr for the Motherland. But the deportation is total, without any replacement with a fine or other administrative measures.
It is difficult to even imagine, let alone describe, what a surge of loyal, unhypocritical feelings would have been experienced in this case by the same either a gasket or a layer called “ Russian intelligentsia." Since measures of censure of the Russian government or other influence on it from the international progressive community would in this case be only probable, and from the side of domestic law inevitable.
Liberal ministers and others " Russian Europeans"Resign, and in their place worthy representatives of the Russian people, or better? his Union. Union of the Russian People, more accurately called the army of St. George.
Fears that the state would become worse governed are unfounded. Historical experience has proven that even despite the leadership of the cooks, their households and descendants, direct and spiritual, the country was the first to go into space, created the most powerful submarine nuclear fleet in the world, and so on. And it took a lot of international ideological work with these descendants in order to deprive the country of these achievements.
And under the leadership of the truly healthy forces of the Russian people, long ago, not only on the Moon, but also on the military planet Mars, the Russian Imperial Space Fleet would have erected a black-yellow-white royal standard.
But let's return to December Moscow 1905. What could the Russian Life Guards do to save the ancient capital and power? A direct commentary on the Moscow events is the coined phrase of Kaiser Wilhelm II:
“Where the Guard is, there is no place for democracy!”
Semenovsky regiment, ah!
The main "communication line" of the revolutionaries was the Moscow-Kazan road. A Semyonovtsv detachment led by Colonel Riman moved along this road, occupying stations and shooting captured with weapons vigilantes. Probably not enough. In Moscow itself, the shooting died down. Only in the Presnensky alleys did the revolutionaries rage for two or three days longer. Finally, on December 18, after a preventative artillery shelling, Presnya was occupied - without a fight - by a detachment of Semenovites.
The courage of Admiral F.V. Dubasov and General G.A. Mina delayed the victory of the “Russian” revolution that time without major sacrifices. During ten days of fighting, the total number of killed and wounded did not exceed two thousand. General Ming will have to pay with his life for saving the Motherland from an enemy worse than all the Germans and Japanese combined. Admiral Dubasov was “lucky”: the Socialist Revolutionary bomb only killed his adjutant, and crushed the foot of the Governor-General himself.
The general laxity of the authorities in the fight against the revolutionary typhus louse led to an increase in terrorist attacks in 1906. During the year, 768 were killed and 820 representatives and agents of the government were wounded. Total disinfection was needed, but for some reason they were afraid to go for it. There was a catastrophic shortage of Stolypin collars.
During the second half of 1906, the Samara governor Blok, the Simbirsk governor Starynkevich, the Warsaw governor-general Vonlyarlyarsky, the chief military prosecutor Pavlov, Count A.P. died. Ignatiev is the father of the author of “Fifty Years in Service,” the energetic St. Petersburg mayor von der Launitz.
On December 2, 1906, a second attempt was made on Admiral Dubasov. Magnanimous Admiral asked the Emperor to pardon the one who attempted to kill him. P.A. Stolypin spoke out against such an exception. And he was right a thousand times!
“The field court acts apart from you and apart from Me; let it act to the fullest extent of the law. There is no other way to deal with brutalized people and cannot be. You know me, I am not malicious: I am writing to you completely convinced of the correctness of my opinion. This is painful and difficult, but it is true that, to our grief and shame, only the execution of a few will prevent seas of blood, and has already prevented it." (The last words - from "to our grief and shame" were quoted by the Sovereign from a letter from P.A. Stolypin) .
But the main thing was done. Generals Ming, von der Launitz, Admiral Chukhnin and other martyrs of duty did not give their lives in vain. The healthy forces of the Russian people were able to defeat the revolutionary infection this time. Murder was no longer feared; and in society they aroused not sympathy, but growing indignation. The “revolutionary movement” degenerated and disintegrated. Admiral Fedor Vasilyevich Dubasov also played one of the decisive roles in the victory over him.
In 1906, Fyodor Vasilyevich was promoted to full admiral and appointed a permanent member of the State Defense Council. In all these posts, the admiral maintained the constant strength of character and integrity that were the hallmarks of this remarkable man.
“Harmful officer
More than once, before reaching the highest positions, the admiral had to endure troubles precisely because of these qualities. Back in 1887, Fyodor Vasilyevich, then still a captain of the 1st rank, was told that he belonged to the number of “harmful” officers, and meanwhile, according to Fyodor Vasilyevich, he was guilty “ only because it’s not quite like others».
And he was not like others, says “Sea Collection”, in the already mentioned article, that he saw the direction which was adopted in the navy in the eighties, clearly realized that it could not lead to good, and did not want to follow its course.
The thoughts of Admiral Dubasov well describe his image of a fighter in his correspondence with retired vice admiral Ivan Fedorovich Likhachev, an outstanding sailor and great military mind. He was the first to realize the significance of Tsushima for the Russian fleet, and the first to point out the need to create a Naval General Staff.
Likhachev was dismissed in 1883 and Fyodor Vasilyevich, deeply upset and amazed by this, wrote a letter to the admiral:
“In 1882, in Paris, I had the great happiness not only of meeting you, but partly of working under your leadership; in this short time I made a great acquisition in my life: in your person I found a living example of that ardent love and highly moral attitude towards my chosen task, which are so rare in our time, and which should be so valuable to our dear but shaky fleet...
You were both for the fleet in the full meaning of these concepts, and, losing you, the fleet will suffer a heavy blow and an irreparable loss. “I allow myself to add that this blow will be felt all the more strongly by everyone who knew you, since among the reasons for your removal from the work to which you devoted so much, not only illness, but also other motives seem to the alarmed feeling.”
In 1887, Fyodor Vasilyevich thanks Admiral Likhachev from the bottom of his heart for the letter, “full of the most precious, most instructive instructions for me.”
In the same letter, Fyodor Vasilyevich writes about the main evil for fleet personnel - the complete indifference of society:
“It should be noted that in all this the most desolate action is not so much resistance, which is always preferable because it can ultimately be broken, but rather complete and ignorant indifference, behind which lies laziness and the absence of any higher interests…
“You have to end every day of work and struggle with such bitter thoughts, and if the vast world of God were closed within the narrow framework of only these transitory interests, then it would not be worth living in it.
Fortunately, beyond this, life gives other joys, and those that no human power can take it away from us or desecrate it, and in this source, which a person carries in his heart, our strength is renewed for a new struggle.”
Admiral Dubasov was an Orthodox man! And his words have become a thousand times more relevant these days.
In the few lines dedicated to the memory of the admiral, of course, it is impossible to fully express his image, but it seems that these small excerpts from letters to Admiral Likhachev are enough to understand what kind of person Fyodor Vasilyevich was, in what direction he was going; what he was trying to achieve.
The assessment of his life belongs to history, which, of course, will not pass over in silence the activities of this outstanding statesman and sailor. And his image will take a place worthy of its significance in the history of the recent fleet, next to the unforgettable images of admirals G.I. Butakova, S.O. Makarov and the glorious teacher Admiral Dubasov - I.F. Likhacheva.
“Unfortunately,” the “Sea Collection” continues, he was unable to accomplish much of what he wanted, what he considered necessary for the good of the Motherland - one of these unfulfilled tasks was the occupation of Mozampo, with which the admiral, following the behests of Likhachev, wanted to improve our unenviable strategic the situation on the shores of the Pacific Ocean during the resolution of the Korean issue - however, the course of recent historical events brilliantly proved that the admiral’s thoughts were correct, and the other side was wrong.”
Notes
1. Niedermiller A.G., background. From Sevastopol to Tsushima. Riga, 1930.
Alexander Georgievich von Niedermiller (1851 - after 1930). Rear Admiral (1902). One of the few like-minded people and assistants of Admiral Rozhestvensky. Headed the Main Naval Staff after the departure of the 2nd squadron. In the Battle of Tsushima, on the squadron battleship Oslyabya, his only son, Lieutenant Vladimir von Niedermiller, died heroically, refusing to leave the sinking ship. The artillery tower, whose commander was Lieutenant Niedermiller, fired until the last minute of the battleship’s life.
2. Zinovy Petrovich Rozhdestvensky. /Note Vlad. Semenova/.
3. Grigory Pavlovich Chukhnin. /Note Vlad. Semenova/.
4. Semenov Vl. Pay. Trilogy. I. Port Arthur and the campaign of the 2nd squadron. 3rd pos. ed. - SPb.-M., pp. 105-107.
5. The treasure managed to make a mess here too! /Captain 2nd Rank Clado - one of the officers sent from the 2nd Squadron as witnesses in the Gull incident. More about his patriotic activities in Book III.
6. Fleet General V.A. Shtenger. Preparation of the II squadron for sailing. /In the collection: With the squadron of Almiral Rozhdestvensky. - St. Petersburg: “OBLIK”, 1994.
7. Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich - Commander-in-Chief of the St. Petersburg Military District and Guard troops; Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich - Admiral General; General Roop - Member of the State Council, Commander of the Odessa Military District; General Lobko - State Comptroller; General Grippenberg - former Commander of the 2nd Manchurian Army; General Grodekov - Commander of the Amur Military District; Adjutant General Baron Fredericks - Minister of the Imperial Household; Adjutant General Alekseev - Viceroy in the Far East; Adjutant General Admiral Avelan - Administrator of the Naval Ministry; General Sakharov - Minister of War; Adjutant General Admiral Dubasov - member of the State Council.
8. Well, straight according to Stoessel and Nebogatov!
9. One cannot exist without the other!
10. The reader should pay attention to these words of General Grippenberg. They deserve it. Retreat to Sandepa? ordered General Kuropatkin. We will return to it in Book 2.
11. Red archive. M.-L., 1928, vol. 3, p. 191-204.
12. See Book 2, part 3, chapter. 2: Possibility of victory. Stolen.
13. TSB. T. 23. - M.: OGIZ RSFSR, 1931, art. 543-544.
14. By civilian profession, Bauman was a veterinarian, and had a party shoulder strap - Grach.
15. L. Trotsky. 1905.
16. Guryev N.D. About the temporary path to eternity. - M.: Kraft+, 2005.
17. The savior of Moscow, General Min, was shot in the back on the platform of the Novo-Peterhof station at 8 pm on August 13, 1906 by a female Socialist Revolutionary nit. /See: Klimakov Yuri. George the Victorious. General Georgy Alexandrovich Min (1855-1906). In the book: The Army of St. George. Biographies of Russian monarchists of the early 20th century. To the 100th anniversary of the Union of the Russian People. - St. Petersburg: Tsarskoe Delo, 2006.
18. Oldenburg S.S. Reign of Nicholas II. - M.: TERRA, 1992, p. 341.
19. After the appointment of Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich as Admiral General.
The Dubasovs are an old Russian noble landowning family whose history dates back to the 17th century. The surname is mentioned in the family books of the Tver, Kaluga, Smolensk and Penza provinces. The Dubasov family was inextricably linked with the fleet - on its coat of arms there is a silver galley with golden oars in memory of the feat of arms of the bombardier Avtonom #769;m Dubasov, who in 1709 participated in the capture of the Swedish boat "Esperi"
Upon graduation from the Naval Corps, Fedor Vasilyevich Dubasov was promoted to the rank of naval midshipman. At the age of 18, he made his first trip around the world on the corvette Bogatyr. In 1870 he graduated from the Naval Academy with the rank of lieutenant.
Navy service
In 1877, at the beginning of the war with Turkey, he was entrusted with command of the mine boat "Tsesarevich". On May 14, 1877, Lieutenant Commander Dubasov and Lieutenant Shestakov with several midshipmen and sailors on four mine boats attacked Turkish battleships, blew up and sank the Turkish single-turret armored monitor Seifi. Dubasov, midshipmen Persin and Bal sailed on three boats to the sunken battleship and removed the flag from it. Dubasov and Shestakov were the first to be awarded the Order of St. in that campaign. George 4th degree, Dubasov was awarded the honorary rank of aide-de-camp.
In 1879, Dubasov was appointed commander of a detachment of small ships with instructions to set up minefields on the Danube and Serete rivers. For successful completion of the task he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir 4th degree with swords and golden weapons.
Soon after the end of the Russian-Turkish War, Lieutenant Commander Dubasov acted as a prosecutor at the trial in the case of the wreck of the yacht "Livadia" off the coast of Crimea. In his speech, he accused the fleet command of the ship’s death, who showed complete disorganization in trying to save the yacht. Dubasov's speech gained publicity, and he himself was transferred to the Baltic Fleet.
He commanded a detachment of destroyers, and in 1883-1885 - the cruiser "Africa". Two years later he was promoted to captain of the 1st rank and appointed commander of the ship "Svetlana".
In 1889-1891 he commanded the armored frigate Vladimir Monomakh. Accompanied Tsarevich Nicholas on his journey to the Far East.
Dubasov owns well-known theoretical works in the field of naval affairs - his lecture on destroyer warfare was almost immediately republished by the military departments of England and France.
Best of the day
1891 - commander of the battleship "Peter the Great".
1893 - rear admiral.
1897-1899 - commander of the Pacific squadron. Under his command, in 1898, the squadron entered Port Arthur, although Dubasov himself was opposed to establishing a Pacific Fleet base in this port, preferring Mozampo Bay.
1899 - Vice Admiral.
Government activities
1901-1905 - Chairman of the Marine Technical Committee.
In 1904-1905 he was a member of the international commission created to investigate the Gull incident. He expressed a special opinion that among the ships that Admiral Rozhdestvensky fired at was a Japanese destroyer, which managed to escape. For the successful resolution of the case, he was awarded the honorary title of Adjutant General.
In 1905 he was sent to suppress peasant unrest in the Chernigov, Poltava and Kursk provinces; in the Kursk province, he distributed an announcement that said: “If rural societies or even a few of their members allow themselves to create unrest, then all the dwellings of such a society and all its property will be destroyed by my order.”
On November 25, 1905, he was appointed Moscow Governor-General. He led the suppression of the December armed uprising in Moscow. On December 7, 1905, he declared Moscow and the Moscow province in a state of emergency protection and put an end to the unrest using harsh methods.
1906 - full admiral.
The police managed to prevent two attempts on the admiral's life, but on April 23, 1806, at 12 noon, at the end of the festive service in the Great Assumption Cathedral, socialist-revolutionary Boris Vnorovsky threw a bomb into Dubasov's carriage. Dubasov's adjutant Count S.N. Konovnitsyn was killed, the coachman was wounded, and the admiral himself had his left foot crushed.
In July 1906, Dubasov was dismissed from the post of Moscow Governor-General and appointed a member of the State Council.
On December 2, 1906, on the anniversary of the Moscow uprising, Fyodor Vasilyevich was walking through the Tauride Garden in St. Petersburg, when P. Vorobyov and V. Berezin, members of the “flying terrorist detachment” of the Socialist Revolutionaries, fired 13 shots at him, and two more militants threw a bomb filled with small nails. The admiral was stunned and slightly wounded, but survived. He turned to the tsar with a request to pardon those who attempted to do so and were sentenced to death.
1907 - Member of the Council of State Defense.
In 1908, Fyodor Vasilyevich Dubasov was awarded one of the highest awards of the Empire - the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky.
last years of life
In the last years of his life, the admiral was seriously ill - his injuries took their toll. His last big undertaking was his active participation in the construction of the Church of the Savior on Water in memory of the sailors who died in Port Arthur and Tsushima.
Fyodor Vasilyevich Dubasov died of natural causes on June 19, 1912 at 9 am. The funeral took place on June 21, his birthday, at the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Nicholas II and members of the royal family personally expressed condolences to the widow of the deceased.
Family life
Spouse: Alexandra Sergeevna Sipyagina (born 1854)
Daughter: Daria Fedorovna Dubasova (born 1888), married to Nikita Alekseevich Tatishchev.
A sailor who became famous during the last Turkish war with the explosion of the Turkish battleship "Hivzi-Rahman" on the Danube (1877). He was educated in the Naval Cadet Corps and the Marine
- Adjutant General, Adm., Member. State Sov., b. in 1845; at the end of Mor. corps promoted to midshipmen; in 1870 he graduated from the Moral Academy. In 1877, with a detachment of Guards. crew went to Chisinau, where our forces were concentrated. With the beginning of the war, he was given command of min. boat that became part of the Dun. flotilla. The first fight. D.'s business was staging in Machin. branch of the Danube, against Brailov, 3 lines min. barriers; This operation was carried out under Turkish fire from 3 steam. boats, ensured the safety of the Barbossky bridge, captured by the Russians at the very beginning of the war. At the same time, not wanting to stop at passives alone. actions, D. attacked on the night of May 14, 1878, together with Lieutenant. Shestakov and midshipmen Persin and Bal, on 4 boats armed with poles. minami, tour ships stationed in Machin. sleeve Br-ts "Safe" was sunk without any losses on our part. D. received the Order of St. George, 4th degree, for this feat. Commanding the Romanians. boat "V.K. Nikolay", D. took part in laying mines at Girsov and in the upper reaches of Machin. sleeves, and then, when crossing the Danube at Galati, D. on the same boat went for a demonstration to Machin, so that by threatening an attack he would not give the Turks the opportunity to withdraw artillery against Galati. squad. The boat and 2 boats did their job, withstanding enemy fire for 3 hours, until the Galati detachment, having crossed from Galati, captured Budzhak. heights. In July, D. moved to Lernovody and on July 9 made a search on the Danube in order to determine the last stopping point of the tour. troops; Having fired at the camp he found, D. forced the infantry to retreat from it, and then, meeting with the monitor, joined the artillery with him. the battle in which he lit up his prot-ka. The 2nd round is just approaching. the monitor and the steamer forced D. to retreat. On July 10, he undertook a new reconnaissance to Silistria; Having completed it partly by water and partly by land, D. returned to Chernovody, where he laid a number of mines. barriers. Aug 24 D. with one military officer reached Kalarash (opposite Silistria) along the shore, from there to Ber. Danube and, thus, became convinced that the bridge about which there were rumors did not actually exist, and that a battery had been erected on the island. Then, on D.’s initiative, it was decided to launch a fire-ship against the commercial enterprise. cargo. ships concentrated in Silistria. This attempt was unsuccessful. D.'s activities during the war also include the barrage of mines in the port of Kyustendzhi. For the fights. merits D. was promoted to cap.-lieutenant. and received the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th degree with swords. After the war, D. commanded in 1879-1880. Guards min-sok detachment, in 1882 - practical. Min-sok detachment, in 1883-1885. - cruise. "Africa", in 1888 frig. "Svetlana", in 1888-1891. freg. "Vladimir Monomakh", in 1891 by the ship "Peter V." and the "Don't-touch-me" battery. In 1893, D. was promoted to rear admiral and in 1897 raised his junior flag. flagship in the Tikh squadron. ocean. In Aug. the same year, D. was appointed commander of the squadron and remained in this post until August. 1899, when he was promoted to the rank. Vice Admiral. During the command of the D. squadron, the occupation (1898) of P. Arthur and Talienvan took place. It is interesting to note that D. was against P.-Arthur’s occupation: when at the beginning of November. 1897 Germany occupied Kiao Chau, and England, according to rumors, intended to capture Arthur, D. telegraphed to St. Petersburg that “the occupation of the Cargodo archipelago with the port of Mozampo, which I have just examined in detail, completely resolves the issue of strategic strengthening of ours on the shores of the East . ocean, giving us a base commanding Korea's communications with North China and Japan." Further, D. says: “I could occupy the base and hold it, mining the secondary passages and protecting the main ones with a squadron.” This telegram was sent on November 26th, and received from St. Petersburg on the 29th. an order to send a detachment of ships to St. Arthur. On the night of December 1st. adm. detachment Reunova went to P.-Arthur, having an order from D. in case of insult. for our dignity and honor we act English "to act in defense of that honor as the oath commands." December 4 Admiral Reunov occupied P. Arthur, and then during the winter negotiations were held on the complete cession of this port to Russia; will graduate P. Arthur's occupation occurred on the 16th of March. 1898 adm. D. All this time, and long after, the squadron maintained full strength. readiness to start hostilities. To compensate Japan, our finances were withdrawn from Korea. Army agent and instructors; These measures were at odds with D.’s views on Korea. The admiral wrote: “You might think that our government does not allow the thought of war with Japan; meanwhile, this country is actively and persistently preparing for it, and in view of this, we, in my opinion, cannot tie our hands in actions that directly necessary in order not to be caught in a helpless state. I cannot and will not keep silent about this in front of my superiors, directly out of duty of the oath,” added D. Adm. D. looked pessimistically: “We are already entering a path from which there is no turning... I don’t want to be a prophet, but I think that this will inevitably involve us in greater difficulties; in any case, this can tie our hands precisely at the moment when the need arises, the decision will be made. a step in resolving Korea. question; and this makes me once again fear that we may completely lose this matter." Having examined Kwantung, D. wrote in St. Petersburg: "P. Arthur and Talienwan are inseparably linked with each other and in order to retain Arthur's strategist. significance, it is necessary to decide to almost double the above costs, spreading them widely to Talienvan." Further, D. wrote: "As a base for our pestilence. P. Arthur's forces do not meet the requirements at all." At the same time, D. pointed out in detail all his strategic inconveniences during the war with Japan, which were fully justified in 1904. These were the sound thoughts of the Russian squadron commander; apparently, they did not receive due assessment, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs did just the opposite. Upon returning from the East, D. was appointed in 1901 chairman of the technical committee, a post he remained in until 1905; in the leadership of this technical institution D. showed the same clarity of thought that distinguished him as commander of the squadron. During the analysis of the Hull incident in Paris, D. replaced the ill Adm. Kazankov as a member of the international investigative commission; only thanks to extraordinary efforts, in his own words. According to him, D. managed to persuade the opinions of the delegates to a conclusion that was not offensive to the Russian fleet and personnel involved in the incident at Dogger Bank, for this outstanding deed D. was appointed adjutant general. D. took the post of Governor General of Moscow and was responsible for this. place until Wednesday 1906; During this time there was a change. December pacification of the uprising of the Life Guards Semyon. regiment In Moscow, a bomb was thrown at D.; another time, after leaving his post, in St. Petersburg a criminal rushed at him in Tavrich. garden; but both times fate saved his life. In 1906 D. was promoted to adm. and designation member State Sov., in 1907 - post. member owls state defense, in 1908 he was awarded the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky. Died June 19, 1912, buried in Aleksandro-Nevskaya
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"Africa"
frigate "Vladimir Monomakh"
battleship "Peter the Great"
Pacific squadron
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Fedor Vasilievich Dubasov( - ) - Russian naval and statesman, adjutant general (1905), admiral (1906) from the noble Dubasov family. As Moscow governor-general (1905-1906), he led the suppression of the December armed uprising.
Biography
Navy service
In 1877, at the beginning of the war with Turkey, he was entrusted with command of the mine boat "Tsesarevich". On May 14, 1877, Lieutenant Commander Dubasov and Lieutenant A.P. Shestakov with several midshipmen and sailors on four mine boats attacked Turkish battleships, blew up and sank the Turkish single-turret armored monitor Seifi. Dubasov, midshipmen Persin and Bal sailed on three boats to the sunken battleship and removed the flag from it. Dubasov and Shestakov were the first to be awarded the Order of St. in that campaign. George 4th degree, Dubasov was enlisted in His Majesty's Retinue as an aide-de-camp.
In 1879, Dubasov was appointed commander of a detachment of small vessels with instructions to set up minefields on the Danube and Serete rivers. For successful completion of the task he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir 4th degree with swords and golden weapons.
1892-1897 - naval agent at the Russian embassy in Berlin. He was a lifelong member of the Berlin Orthodox Holy Prince Vladimir Brotherhood from 1893 to 1897. chairman of the Brotherhood's Audit Commission (his wife Alexandra Sergeevna Dubasova, née Sipyagina, would be the first chairman of the Brotherhood in exile in 1922-1924).
1897-1899 - commander of the Pacific squadron. Under his command, in December 1897, the squadron entered Port Arthur, although Dubasov himself was opposed to establishing a Pacific Fleet base in this port, preferring Mozampo Bay.
“The Sovereign Emperor declares the highest gratitude to the Commander of the squadron in the Pacific, Vice Admiral Dubasov, and royal favor to all the ranks of the squadron and ground detachment entrusted to him for the excellent fulfillment of the instructions assigned to him for the occupation of Port Arthur and Tallienvan.”
From an order for the Maritime Department
On December 6, 1898, he was awarded the Order of St. Anne, 1st degree, and on March 15, 1899, he was promoted to the rank of vice admiral and confirmed as squadron commander. On December 6 of the same year, he was appointed senior flagship of the 1st Fleet Division.
Civil service
01/01/1901-08/08/1905 - Chairman of the Marine Technical Committee.
In 1904-1905 he was a member of the International Commission created to investigate the Gull Incident. He expressed a special opinion that among the ships that Admiral Rozhdestvensky fired at was a Japanese destroyer, which managed to escape. For the successful resolution of the case, on March 14, 1905, he was enlisted in His Majesty's Retinue as Adjutant General.
In 1905, he was sent to suppress peasant unrest in the Chernigov, Poltava and Kursk provinces; in the Kursk province, he distributed an announcement that said: “If rural societies or even a few of their members allow themselves to create unrest, then all the dwellings of such a society and all its property will be destroyed by my order.”
On November 24, 1905, he was appointed Moscow Governor-General. He led the suppression of the December armed uprising in Moscow. On December 7, 1905, he declared Moscow and the Moscow province in a state of emergency protection and put an end to the unrest using harsh methods.
The police managed to prevent two attempts on the life of the admiral, but on April 23, 1906, at 12 noon, at the end of the festive service in the Great Assumption Cathedral, socialist-revolutionary Boris Vnorovsky threw a bomb into Dubasov’s carriage. Dubasov's adjutant Count S.N. Konovnitsyn was killed, the coachman was wounded, and the admiral himself had his left foot crushed.
In July 1906, Dubasov was dismissed from the post of Moscow Governor-General and appointed a member of the State Council.
On December 2, 1906, on the anniversary of the Moscow uprising, Fyodor Vasilyevich was walking through the Tauride Garden in St. Petersburg, when P. Vorobyov and V. Berezin, members of the “flying terrorist detachment” of the Socialist Revolutionaries, fired 13 shots at him, and two more militants threw a bomb filled with small nails. The admiral was stunned and slightly wounded, but survived. He turned to the tsar with a request for pardon for those who attempted the crime and were sentenced to death. 
last years of life
In the last years of his life, the admiral was seriously ill - his injuries took their toll. His last big undertaking was his active participation in the construction of the Church of the Savior on Water in St. Petersburg in memory of the sailors who died in Port Arthur and Tsushima.
Fyodor Vasilyevich Dubasov died in 1912. The funeral took place on June 21, 1912, his birthday, in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Nicholas II and members of the royal family personally expressed condolences to the widow of the deceased.
Family
Spouse - Alexandra Sergeevna Sipyagina(1854-1928), sister of the Minister of Internal Affairs D. S. Sipyagin. After the revolution, she emigrated to Berlin, where in 1922-1924 she held the position of chairman of the Holy Prince Vladimir Brotherhood. Children:
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Notes
Literature
- // Heroes and figures of the Russian-Turkish War 1877-1878. - Ed. V. P. Turby. - St. Petersburg. , 1878. - pp. 61-66.
An excerpt characterizing Dubasov, Fedor Vasilievich
Desalles lowered his eyes.“The prince doesn’t write anything about this,” he said quietly.
- Doesn’t he write? Well, I didn’t make it up myself. - Everyone was silent for a long time.
“Yes... yes... Well, Mikhaila Ivanovich,” he suddenly said, raising his head and pointing to the construction plan, “tell me how you want to remake it...”
Mikhail Ivanovich approached the plan, and the prince, after talking with him about the plan for the new building, looked angrily at Princess Marya and Desalles, and went home.
Princess Marya saw Desalles' embarrassed and surprised gaze fixed on her father, noticed his silence and was amazed that the father had forgotten his son's letter on the table in the living room; but she was afraid not only to speak and ask Desalles about the reason for his embarrassment and silence, but she was afraid to even think about it.
In the evening, Mikhail Ivanovich, sent from the prince, came to Princess Marya for a letter from Prince Andrei, which was forgotten in the living room. Princess Marya submitted the letter. Although it was unpleasant for her, she allowed herself to ask Mikhail Ivanovich what her father was doing.
“They’re all busy,” said Mikhail Ivanovich with a respectfully mocking smile that made Princess Marya turn pale. – They are very worried about the new building. “We read a little, and now,” said Mikhail Ivanovich, lowering his voice, “the bureau must have started working on the will.” (Recently, one of the prince’s favorite pastimes was working on the papers that were to remain after his death and which he called his will.)
- Is Alpatych being sent to Smolensk? - asked Princess Marya.
- Why, he’s been waiting for a long time.
When Mikhail Ivanovich returned with the letter to the office, the prince, wearing glasses, with a lampshade over his eyes and a candle, was sitting at the open bureau, with papers in his far-off hand, and in a somewhat solemn pose, he was reading his papers (remarks, as he called them), which were to be delivered to the sovereign after his death.
When Mikhail Ivanovich entered, there were tears in his eyes, memories of the time when he wrote what he was now reading. He took the letter from Mikhail Ivanovich’s hands, put it in his pocket, put away the papers and called Alpatych, who had been waiting for a long time.
On a piece of paper he wrote down what was needed in Smolensk, and he, walking around the room past Alpatych, who was waiting at the door, began to give orders.
- First, postal paper, do you hear, eight hundred, according to the sample; gold-edged... a sample, so that it will certainly be according to it; varnish, sealing wax - according to a note from Mikhail Ivanovich.
He walked around the room and looked at the memo.
“Then personally give the governor a letter about the recording.
Then they needed bolts for the doors of the new building, certainly of the style that the prince himself had invented. Then a binding box had to be ordered for storing the will.
Giving orders to Alpatych lasted more than two hours. The prince still did not let him go. He sat down, thought and, closing his eyes, dozed off. Alpatych stirred.
- Well, go, go; If you need anything, I will send it.
Alpatych left. The prince went back to the bureau, looked into it, touched his papers with his hand, locked it again and sat down at the table to write a letter to the governor.
It was already late when he stood up, sealing the letter. He wanted to sleep, but he knew that he would not fall asleep and that his worst thoughts came to him in bed. He called Tikhon and went with him through the rooms to tell him where to make his bed that night. He walked around, trying on every corner.
Everywhere he felt bad, but the worst thing was the familiar sofa in the office. This sofa was scary to him, probably because of the heavy thoughts that he changed his mind while lying on it. Nowhere was good, but the best place of all was the corner in the sofa behind the piano: he had never slept here before.
Tikhon brought the bed with the waiter and began to set it up.
- Not like that, not like that! - the prince shouted and moved it a quarter away from the corner, and then again closer.
“Well, I’ve finally done everything over, now I’ll rest,” the prince thought and allowed Tikhon to undress himself.
Frowning in annoyance from the efforts that had to be made to take off his caftan and trousers, the prince undressed, sank heavily onto the bed and seemed to be lost in thought, looking contemptuously at his yellow, withered legs. He didn’t think, but he hesitated in front of the difficulty ahead of him to lift those legs and move on the bed. “Oh, how hard it is! Oh, if only this work would end quickly, quickly, and you would let me go! - he thought. He pursed his lips and made this effort for the twentieth time and lay down. But as soon as he lay down, suddenly the whole bed moved evenly under him back and forth, as if breathing heavily and pushing. This happened to him almost every night. He opened his eyes that had closed.
- No peace, damned ones! - he growled with anger at someone. “Yes, yes, there was something else important, I saved something very important for myself in bed at night. Valves? No, that's what he said. No, there was something in the living room. Princess Marya was lying about something. Desalle—that fool—was saying something. There’s something in my pocket, I don’t remember.”
- Quiet! What did they talk about at dinner?
- About Prince Mikhail...
- Shut up, shut up. “The prince slammed his hand on the table. - Yes! I know, a letter from Prince Andrei. Princess Marya was reading. Desalles said something about Vitebsk. Now I'll read it.
He ordered the letter to be taken out of his pocket and a table with lemonade and a whitish candle to be moved to the bed, and, putting on his glasses, he began to read. Here only in the silence of the night, in the faint light from under the green cap, did he read the letter for the first time and for a moment understand its meaning.
“The French are in Vitebsk, after four crossings they can be at Smolensk; maybe they’re already there.”
- Quiet! - Tikhon jumped up. - No, no, no, no! - he shouted.
He hid the letter under the candlestick and closed his eyes. And he imagined the Danube, a bright afternoon, reeds, a Russian camp, and he enters, he, a young general, without one wrinkle on his face, cheerful, cheerful, ruddy, into Potemkin’s painted tent, and a burning feeling of envy for his favorite, just as strong, as then, worries him. And he remembers all the words that were said then at his first Meeting with Potemkin. And he imagines a short, fat woman with yellowness in her fat face - Mother Empress, her smiles, words when she greeted him for the first time, and he remembers her own face on the hearse and that clash with Zubov, which was then with her coffin for the right to approach her hand.
“Oh, quickly, quickly return to that time, and so that everything now ends as quickly as possible, as quickly as possible, so that they leave me alone!”
Bald Mountains, the estate of Prince Nikolai Andreich Bolkonsky, was located sixty versts from Smolensk, behind it, and three versts from the Moscow road.
On the same evening, as the prince gave orders to Alpatych, Desalles, having demanded a meeting with Princess Marya, informed her that since the prince was not entirely healthy and was not taking any measures for his safety, and from Prince Andrei’s letter it was clear that he was staying in Bald Mountains If it is unsafe, he respectfully advises her to write a letter with Alpatych to the head of the province in Smolensk with a request to notify her about the state of affairs and the extent of the danger to which Bald Mountains are exposed. Desalle wrote a letter to the governor for Princess Marya, which she signed, and this letter was given to Alpatych with the order to submit it to the governor and, in case of danger, to return as soon as possible.
Having received all the orders, Alpatych, accompanied by his family, in a white feather hat (a princely gift), with a stick, just like the prince, went out to sit in a leather tent, packed with three well-fed Savras.
The bell was tied up and the bells were covered with pieces of paper. The prince did not allow anyone to ride in Bald Mountains with a bell. But Alpatych loved bells and bells on a long journey. Alpatych's courtiers, a zemstvo, a clerk, a cook - black, white, two old women, a Cossack boy, coachmen and various servants saw him off.
The daughter placed chintz down pillows behind him and under him. The old lady's sister-in-law secretly slipped the bundle. One of the coachmen gave him a hand.
- Well, well, women's training! Women, women! - Alpatych said puffingly, patteringly exactly as the prince spoke, and sat down in the tent. Having given the last orders about the work to the zemstvo, and in this way not imitating the prince, Alpatych took off his hat from his bald head and crossed himself three times.
- If anything... you will come back, Yakov Alpatych; For Christ’s sake, have pity on us,” his wife shouted to him, hinting at rumors about war and the enemy.
“Women, women, women’s gatherings,” Alpatych said to himself and drove off, looking around at the fields, some with yellowed rye, some with thick, still green oats, some still black, which were just beginning to double. Alpatych rode along, admiring the rare spring harvest this year, looking closely at the strips of rye crops on which people were beginning to reap in some places, and made his economic considerations about sowing and harvesting and whether any princely order had been forgotten.
Having fed him twice on the way, by the evening of August 4th Alpatych arrived in the city.
On the way, Alpatych met and overtook convoys and troops. Approaching Smolensk, he heard distant shots, but these sounds did not strike him. What struck him most was that, approaching Smolensk, he saw a beautiful field of oats, which some soldiers were mowing, apparently for food, and in which they were camping; This circumstance struck Alpatych, but he soon forgot it, thinking about his business.
All the interests of Alpatych’s life for more than thirty years were limited by the will of the prince alone, and he never left this circle. Everything that did not concern the execution of the prince’s orders not only did not interest him, but did not exist for Alpatych.
Dubasov, Fedor Vasilievich
A sailor who became famous during the last Turkish war with the explosion of the Turkish battleship "Hivzi-Rahman" on the Danube (1877). He was educated in the Naval Cadet Corps and the Naval Academy.
(Brockhaus)
Dubasov, Fedor Vasilievich
Adjutant General, adm., member. State Sov., b. in 1845; at the end of Mor. corps promoted to midshipmen; in 1870 he graduated from the Moral Academy. In 1877, with a detachment of Guards. crew went to Chisinau, where our forces were concentrated. With the beginning of the war, he was given command of min. boat that became part of the Dun. flotilla. The first fight. D.'s business was staging in Machin. branch of the Danube, against Brailov, 3 lines min. barriers; This operation was carried out under Turkish fire from 3 steam. boats, ensured the safety of the Barbossky bridge, captured by the Russians at the very beginning of the war. At the same time, not wanting to stop at passives alone. actions, D. attacked on the night of May 14, 1878, together with Lieutenant. Shestakov and midshipmen Persin and Bal, on 4 boats armed with poles. minami, tour ships stationed in Machin. sleeve Br-ts "Safe" was sunk without any losses on our part. D. received the Order of St. George, 4th degree, for this feat. Commanding the Romanians. boat "V.K. Nikolay", D. took part in laying mines at Girsov and in the upper reaches of Machin. sleeves, and then, when crossing the Danube at Galati, D. on the same boat went for a demonstration to Machin, so that by threatening an attack he would not give the Turks the opportunity to withdraw artillery against Galati. squad. The boat and 2 boats did their job, withstanding enemy fire for 3 hours, until the Galati detachment, having crossed from Galati, captured Budzhak. heights. In July, D. moved to Lernovody and on July 9 made a search on the Danube in order to determine the last stopping point of the tour. troops; Having fired at the camp he found, D. forced the infantry to retreat from it, and then, meeting with the monitor, joined the artillery with him. the battle in which he lit up his prot-ka. The 2nd round is just approaching. the monitor and the steamer forced D. to retreat. On July 10, he undertook a new reconnaissance to Silistria; Having completed it partly by water and partly by land, D. returned to Chernovody, where he laid a number of mines. barriers. Aug 24 D. with one military officer reached Kalarash (opposite Silistria) along the shore, from there to Ber. Danube and, thus, became convinced that the bridge about which there were rumors did not actually exist, and that a battery had been erected on the island. Then, on D.’s initiative, it was decided to launch a fire-ship against the commercial enterprise. cargo. ships concentrated in Silistria. This attempt was unsuccessful. D.'s activities during the war also include the barrage of mines in the port of Kyustendzhi. For the fights. merits D. was promoted to cap.-lieutenant. and received the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th degree with swords. After the war, D. commanded in 1879-1880. Guards min-sok detachment, in 1882 - practical. Min-sok detachment, in 1883-1885. - cruise. "Africa", in 1888 frig. "Svetlana", in 1888-1891. freg. "Vladimir Monomakh", in 1891 by the ship "Peter V." and the "Don't-touch-me" battery. In 1893, D. was promoted to rear admiral and in 1897 raised his junior flag. flagship in the Tikh squadron. ocean. In Aug. the same year, D. was appointed commander of the squadron and remained in this post until August. 1899, when he was promoted to the rank. Vice Admiral. During the command of the D. squadron, the occupation (1898) of P. Arthur and Talienvan took place. It is interesting to note that D. was against P.-Arthur’s occupation: when at the beginning of November. 1897 Germany occupied Kiao Chau, and England, according to rumors, intended to capture Arthur, D. telegraphed to St. Petersburg that “the occupation of the Cargodo archipelago with the port of Mozampo, which I have just examined in detail, completely resolves the issue of strategic strengthening of ours on the shores of the East . ocean, giving us a base commanding Korea's communications with North China and Japan." Further, D. says: “I could occupy the base and hold it, mining the secondary passages and protecting the main ones with a squadron.” This telegram was sent on November 26th, and received from St. Petersburg on the 29th. an order to send a detachment of ships to St. Arthur. On the night of December 1st. adm. detachment Reunova went to P.-Arthur, having an order from D. in case of insult. for our dignity and honor we act English "to act in defense of that honor as the oath commands." December 4 Admiral Reunov occupied P. Arthur, and then during the winter negotiations were held on the complete cession of this port to Russia; will graduate P. Arthur's occupation occurred on the 16th of March. 1898 adm. D. All this time, and long after, the squadron maintained full strength. readiness to start hostilities. To compensate Japan, our finances were withdrawn from Korea. Army agent and instructors; These measures were at odds with D.’s views on Korea. The admiral wrote: “You might think that our government does not allow the thought of war with Japan; meanwhile, this country is actively and persistently preparing for it, and in view of this, we, in my opinion, cannot tie our hands in actions that directly necessary in order not to be caught in a helpless state. I cannot and will not keep silent about this in front of my superiors, directly out of duty of the oath,” added D. Adm. D. looked pessimistically: “We are already entering a path from which there is no turning... I don’t want to be a prophet, but I think that this will inevitably involve us in greater difficulties; in any case, this can tie our hands precisely at the moment when the need arises, the decision will be made. a step in resolving Korea. question; and this makes me once again fear that we may completely lose this matter." Having examined Kwantung, D. wrote in St. Petersburg: "P. Arthur and Talienwan are inseparably linked with each other and in order to retain Arthur's strategist. significance, it is necessary to decide to almost double the above costs, spreading them widely to Talienvan." Further, D. wrote: "As a base for our pestilence. P. Arthur's forces do not meet the requirements at all." At the same time, D. pointed out in detail all his strategic inconveniences during the war with Japan, which were fully justified in 1904. These were the sound thoughts of the Russian squadron commander; apparently, they did not receive due assessment, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs did just the opposite. Upon returning from the East, D. was appointed in 1901 chairman of the technical committee, a post he remained in until 1905; in the leadership of this technical institution D. showed the same clarity of thought that distinguished him as commander of the squadron. During the analysis of the Hull incident in Paris, D. replaced the ill Adm. Kazankov as a member of the international investigative commission; only thanks to extraordinary efforts, in his own words. According to him, D. managed to persuade the opinions of the delegates to a conclusion that was not offensive to the Russian fleet and personnel involved in the incident at Dogger Bank, for this outstanding deed D. was appointed adjutant general. D. took the post of Governor General of Moscow and was responsible for this. place until Wednesday 1906; During this time there was a change. December pacification of the uprising of the Life Guards Semyon. regiment In Moscow, a bomb was thrown at D.; another time, after leaving his post, in St. Petersburg a criminal rushed at him in Tavrich. garden; but both times fate saved his life. In 1906 D. was promoted to adm. and designation member State Sov., in 1907 - post. member owls state defense, in 1908 he was awarded the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky. He died on June 19, 1912, and was buried in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
(Military enc.)
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See what “Dubasov, Fedor Vasilievich” is in other dictionaries:
Dubasov, Fedor Vasilievich Russian admiral and administrative figure (1845 1912). Completed a course at the Maritime Academy. In 1877, at the beginning of the war with Turkey, he was entrusted with command of a detachment of small ships with instructions to set up minefields... Biographical Dictionary
- (1845 1912) Russian admiral (1906). In 1897 99 commander of the Pacific squadron. In 1905 he led the suppression of the peasant movement in the Chernigov, Poltava and Kursk provinces. In 1905 06, the Moscow governor general, the organizer of the defeat... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Fyodor Vasilyevich Dubasov Fyodor Vasilyevich Dubasov June 21, 1845 (18450621) June 19, 1912 Place of death St. Petersburg ... Wikipedia
