A) conditional
B) unconditional
The sequence of nerve impulses during a reflex.
Working body 2. Motor neuron
Nerve center
The structure of the human nervous system.
Final test of knowledge on the topic “Nervous system”
Option number 2.
1. Nervous regulation of functions in the human body is carried out with the help of:
Electrical impulses; 2. Mechanical irritations;
2. The structural and functional unit of the nervous system is considered
1. Neuron; 2. Nervous tissue; 3. Nerve nodes; 4. Nerves.
3. The process of excitation in the central nervous system is associated with:
A. increasing the permeability of the nerve cell membrane to Na+
B. increasing the permeability of the nerve cell membrane to Ca 2+
B. a decrease in the permeability of the nerve cell membrane to K+
D. a decrease in the permeability of the nerve cell membrane for CI -
D. increasing the permeability of the nerve cell membrane for CI -
E. increasing the permeability of the nerve cell membrane to K+
4. Anatomical and physiological features of the parasympathetic nervous system:
A. the bodies of the first neurons lie in the thoracic and two upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord;
B. autonomic ganglia are located in the innervated organ;
V. the body’s energy metabolism increases due to increased oxidative processes in tissues;
A) New cortex;
B) Ancient and old cortex (olfactory and visceral brain);
B) Midbrain (quadrigeminal, cerebral peduncles);
D) Medulla oblongata;
D) Diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus);
E) Corpus callosum, connecting the right hemisphere to the left;
G) The pons and cerebellum.
Part 5. Free-response task.
What departments does the central nervous system consist of? What surrounds the CNS? What is meningitis?
Option number 4.
Part 1. Task with a choice of one correct answer:
1. Voluntary human movements provide:
1. Cerebellum and diencephalon; 2. Mid and spinal cord;
3. Medulla oblongata and pons; 4. Large hemispheres of the forebrain.
2. Regulation and coordination of physiological processes occurring in internal organs is ensured by:
1. diencephalon; 2. midbrain; 3. spinal cord; 4. cerebellum.
Part 2. Multiple choice task:
3. Excitation of the sympathetic nervous system causes:
A. increased heart function
B. inhibition of motor activity of the digestive apparatus
B. increase in bronchial lumen
D. constriction of the pupil.
4. What parts does a neuron consist of?
A) body with cytoplasm, nucleus, organelles;
B) one axon; B) several dendrites; D) several axons; D) one dendrite.
5. Establish a correspondence between brain structures and the functions they perform:
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Brain structure |
Function |
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D. In the lateral horns of the lumbar segments of the spinal cord E. In the sacral part of the spinal cord. 4. Where are the bodies of the first neurons of the sympathetic nervous system located: A. In the midbrain B. In the bridge B. In the lateral horns of the thoracic segments of the spinal cord D. In the medulla oblongata. D. In the lateral horns of the lumbar segments of the spinal cord E. In the sacral part of the spinal cord. Part 3. Tasks to establish compliance.
Part 4. Sequencing tasks.
B) The enzyme decomposes mediator molecules; C) Permeability for charged particles (ions) increases; D) The nerve impulse arrives at the synaptic ending; D) The transmitter crosses the synaptic cleft; E) The mediator is released from the vesicles. Part 5. Free-response task. 7. List the parts of the brain and the main functions they perform. Final test of knowledge on the topic “Nervous system” Option number 6. Part 1. Task with a choice of one correct answer: 1. How many pairs of cranial nerves depart from the human brain: 1. 10 pairs 2. 12 pairs; 3. 14 pairs; 4. 15 pairs 2. How many pairs of mixed spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord? 1. 31 pairs; 2. 33 pairs; 3. 35 pairs; 4. 36 pairs. Part 2. Multiple choice task: 3. In the temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex there is: A. Respiratory center B. Centers that regulate the functioning of the digestive and circulatory organs B. Motor zone D. Zone of musculocutaneous sensitivity. D. Auditory zone E. Visual zone. G. Olfactory zone H. Gustatory zone 4. What effect does the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system have on the functioning of the human body: A. Constriction of the pupil of the eye B. Dilation of the pupil of the eye B. Strengthening and acceleration of the heart’s work D. Weakening of the heart’s work D. Increased pulmonary ventilation E. Decreased pulmonary ventilation G. Weakening of intestinal function H. Increased intestinal function I. Decreased urination K. Increased urination L. Increased sweating M. Decreased sweating H. Increase in the amount of sugar in the blood O. Decrease in the amount of sugar in blood P. Vasoconstriction of skeletal muscles R. Vasodilation of skeletal muscles Part 3. Tasks to establish compliance. 5. Match the number of the cranial nerve pair - its name, type of nerve fibers, location of the nuclei in the brain and functions.
Part 5. Free-response task.
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Biology test Structure and functions of the nervous system for 8th grade students with answers. The test consists of 2 options, each option contains 9 tasks.
1 option
1. What cells make up nervous tissue?
A. Epithelial tissue cells
B. Satellite cells
G. Dendrites
D. Sensory neurons
E. Motor neurons
G. Interneurons
2. What parts does a neuron consist of?
B. One axon
B. Several dendrites
D. Several axons
3. What function do sensory neurons perform?
4. What function do interneurons perform?
A. Nutritional
B. Conduct impulses inside the brain from one neuron to another
V. Support
D. Conducts impulses from the brain to organs
5.
A. Motor neurons
B. Sensory neurons
B. Anterior root of the spinal nerve
G. Brain
6.
A. The leg moves, but does not feel pain.
B. Loss of sensation and complete paralysis below the waist
7.
1. Spinal cord
2. Large hemispheres
3. Cerebellum
4. Midbrain
5. Diencephalon
6. Medulla oblongata
7. Spinal nerves
8. Sympathetic nerves
9. Cranial nerves
10. Parasympathetic nerves
I. Relates to the autonomic nervous system
II. Refers to the central nervous system.
III. Refers to the brain
IV. Nerves with ganglia and consist only of motor neurons
V. Relates to the peripheral nervous system
VI. Perform reflex and conductive functions
VII. Most developed in mammals
VIII. Material basis of human mental activity
IX. The material basis of thinking, human consciousness
X. Have a cortex made of gray matter of the brain
8. What bacterial and viral infections disrupt the functioning of the nervous system? Give examples.
9. How does alcohol affect nerve cells?
Option 2
1. What cells are more numerous in nervous tissue?
A. Epithelial tissue cells
B. Satellite cells
B. Connective tissue cells
G. Dendrites
D. Sensory neurons
E. Motor neurons
G. Interneurons
2. What processes of a neuron transmit impulse (excitation) from the organs to the body of the neuron?
A. Neuron body with cytoplasm, nucleus, organelles
B. One axon
B. Several dendrites
D. Several axons
3. What function do motor neurons perform?
A. Transmit impulses from the brain to the organs
B. Transmit impulses from organs to the brain
B. They transmit impulses inside the brain from one neuron to another
D. Supportive and nutritional function within the brain
4. Which neuron processes transmit impulses from the neuron body to the organs?
A. Axon
B. Dendrites
B. Axon and dendrites
5. Name the parts of the nervous system.
A. Motor neurons
B. Sensory neurons
B. Anterior root of the spinal center
D. Posterior root of the spinal nerve
D. Spinal cord
6. Determine which neurons and parts of the human nervous system are affected by the following movement disorders:
A. The leg does not move (paralysis), but feels irritation and pain
B. The leg has lost sensation and is paralyzed
7. Find the correspondence between the organ and its function.
1. Spinal cord
2. Large hemispheres
3. Cerebellum
4. Midbrain
5. Diencephalon
6. Medulla oblongata
7. Spinal nerves
8. Sympathetic nerves
9. Cranial nerves
10. Parasympathetic nerves
I. Gray matter is surrounded by white matter
II. Supreme manager, controlling organ of the nervous system
III. Coordinates the work of internal organs and regulates metabolism
IV. Supports skeletal muscle tone
V. Coordinates the work of skeletal muscles
VI. Contains cardiovascular and respiratory reflex centers
VII. Regulates the activity of the heart and other internal organs
VIII. Department of Conditioned Reflexes Education
IX. Has the opposite effect on involuntary organ activity
X. If damaged, instant death occurs.
8. What does cerebrovascular accident lead to? What causes can cause cerebrovascular accidents?
9. Why can snake and insect bites disrupt nerve tissue?
Answer to the biology test Structure and functions of the nervous system
1 option
1-BDEZH
2-BV
3-B
4-B
5-D
6.
A) disruption of sensory neurons
B) spinal cord
7.
1) II, VI
2) II, VII
3) III, VII
4) II, VII
5) III, VII
6) III, VII
7) IV, V
8) I, V, VIII
9) V, VIII
10) V, II
Option 2
1-B
2-B
3-B
4-A
5-D
6.
A) motor neuron disorder
B) disruption of motor and sensory neurons
7.
1) I
2) II
3)V
4) IV
5) III, V
6) VI, VII, IX
7) IV
8) III, IX
9) VI
10) IX
TESTS on the topic “NERVOUS SYSTEM”
REFLEXES
In the tests, choose one correct answer:
1. Constriction of the pupil in bright light is a reflex:
a) food;
b) indicative;
c) sexual;
d) protective
2. The respiratory center, which regulates the change of inhalation and exhalation, is located in:
a) medulla oblongata;
b) midbrain;
c) diencephalon;
d) cerebellum.
3. The cry of a cat in March is:
a) food reflex;
b) protective reflex;
c) orientation reflex;
d) sexual reflex.
4. When intoxicated, the gait becomes unstable. This indicates defeat:
a) hearts;
b) muscle tissue;
c) muscle vessels;
d) nervous system.
5. Salivation when seeing meat is:
a) protective reflex;
b) food reflex;
c) defensive reflex;
d) orientation reflex.
6. During sleep, brain activity:
a) completely absent;
b) is being rebuilt;
c) decreases;
d) increases.
7. Signals travel through interneurons:
a) to the muscles;
b) from receptors;
c) to the walls of the stomach;
d) from neuron to neuron.
8. Signals travel through sensitive neurons:
a) from the brain to the muscles;
b) from muscles to brain;
c) from the sensory organs to the neuron;
d) from the brain to the walls of the stomach.
Answers: 1-d, 2-a, 3-b, 4-d, 5-b, 6-c, 7-d, 8-c
SPINAL CORD
9. On average, the length of the spinal cord in an adult is about:
A. 20 cm B. 150 cm
B. 95 cm D. 45 cm
10. The spinal cord consists of:
A. 20-21 segments B. 31-32 segments
B. 42-43 segments D. 16-17 segments
11. Where are the spinal cord pathways located?
A. In the white matterB. In the central canal
B. In gray matterD. In the mixed spinal nerve
12. Function of the gray matter of the spinal cord:
A. Secretory B. Supporting
B. Reflex G. Provodnikovaya
13. Where are motor neurons located in the spinal cord?
A. In the dorsal rootB. In the anterior root
B. In the median sulcusD. In the central canal
14. What corresponds to the conductive function of the spinal cord
A. Extension of the limbsB. Knee reflex
B. Transmission of nerve impulses from the brain
D. Transmission of a nerve impulse from the spinal cord to the brain.
15. Which neuron processes transmit impulses from the neuron body to the organs?
A. Axon B. Dendrites
B. Axon and dendrites
16. What function do sensory neurons perform?
A. Transmits impulses from the brain to the organs
B.Transmits impulses from organs to the brain
B. Transmits impulses inside the brain from one neuron to another
D. Supportive and nutritional function within the brain
17. What function do motor neurons perform?
(See answers to question 16.)
18. What function do interneurons perform?
A. Nutritional function
B. Conduct impulses inside the brain from one neuron to another
B. Support function
Answers: 9-d, 10-c, 11-a, 12-b, 13-c, 14-c, 15-a, 16-b, 17-a, 18-b
card number 2
Complete the test task. Choose one correct answer
1. The nervous system performs the following functions:
A. Transports nutrients
B.Carries out humoral regulation
B. Connects the body with the external environment
D. Ensures coordinated activities of bodies
2.
The nervous system consists of nerve cells called:
A. Axons
B. Dendrites
B. Neurons
G Mediators
3. According to function, the entire nervous system is divided into:
A. Somatic and vegetative (autonomous)
B. Sympathetic and parasympathetic
B. Central and peripheral
G. Peripheral and somatic
4. The autonomic nervous system regulates:
A. Movement of skeletal muscles
B. Vascular tone
B. The work of internal organs
D Contractions of the intestinal walls
5. Gray matter is:
A. Cluster of neuron cell bodies
B. Accumulation of long processes of neurons
B. Nerve fibers neurons
D. Choroid
6. Nerve is:
A. Bundles of nerve fibers outside the central nervous system
B.Axon of one neuron
B. Clusters of neuron cell bodies
G. Spinal cord pathways
7. Synapse is:
A. The area of contact of nerve cells with each other or with tissues
B.Substance released due to the action of a nerve impulse
B. Termination of sensory nerve fibers
G."Energy station" of the cell
8. Properties of nervous tissue:
A. Excitability and contractility
B. Excitability and conductivity
B. Contractility
D. Excitability only
9. The peripheral nervous system does not include:
A. Nerves
B. Ganglia
B. Spinal cord
D. Nerve endings
Answers: 1-d, 2-b, 3-c, 4-b, 5-a, 6-a, 7-a, 8-b, 9-c
Card 3.
I) Find a match.
1) Match the part (division) of the nervous system and its functions:
1. Cerebral cortexA) Regulates the functioning of internal organs
2. Spinal cord B) Ensures the implementation of higher mental functions
3. Autonomic nervous system
4. Somatic nervous systemC) Regulates the functioning of skeletal muscles
D) Ensures the implementation of simple reflexes
2) Match the neurons and their location:
1. SensitiveA) Anterior horns of the gray matter of the spinal cord;
2. Motor B) Posterior horns of the gray matter of the spinal cord;
3. Insert B) Lateral horns of the gray matter of the spinal cord;
4. Vegetative D) Spinal ganglia.
3) Correlate the sensitive and motor areas of the cerebral cortex and their location:
1. Visual A) frontal lobe
2. Auditory B) parietal lobe
3. Musculocutaneous B) occipital lobe
4. Flavor D) temporal lobe.
5. Olfactory
II) Prepare short answers to the questions:
1. The structure of nervous tissue.
2. What is a reflex? Name the stages of the reflex.
3. Reflex arc, types of reflex arcs.
4. Divisions of the nervous system.
5. Functions of the spinal cord.
6. Sections of the brain and their significance.
7. Peripheral nervous system. Types of nerves.
8. Comparative characteristics of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
brain
card 4.
1. Average weight of the adult brain:
A) less 950 g;
B) 950-1100 g;
B) 1100 – 2000 g
2. The human brain consists of:
A) brain stem and hemispheres;
B) cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres;
B) brainstem, cerebellum, cerebral hemispheres.
3. The medulla oblongata is a continuation of:
A) midbrain;
B) spinal cord;
B) diencephalon.
4. In the brain, the hemispheres and cortex have:
A) midbrain and cerebral hemispheres
B) cerebellum and diencephalon;
B) cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum.
5. Which parts of the brain belong to the brain stem:
A) midbrain;
B) medulla oblongata;
B) cerebellum;
D) diencephalon;
D) bridge
6. Which part of the brain is like a continuation of the spinal cord in the cranial cavity:
A) midbrain;
B) medulla oblongata;
B) diencephalon
7. Which part of the brain contains motor reflex centers that ensure the rotation of the eyeballs:
A) bridge;
B) midbrain;
B) diencephalon.
1. Name the fibers that provide high speed of propagation of nerve impulses along peripheral nerves.
A) myelin fibers; +
B) unmyelinated fibers.
2. Name the characteristic morphological features of the human spinal cord.
A) completely occupies the spinal canal;
B) ends at the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebra +
B) there is no thickening;
D) has two thickenings; +
D) has a segmental structure. +
3. Name the thickening of the human spinal cord.
A) cervical; +
B) chest;
B) lumbosacral; +
D) coccygeal;
D) in humans there is no thickening of the spinal cord.
4. Name the total number of spinal cord segments.
5. Name the number of cervical segments of the spinal cord.
6. Name the number of thoracic segments of the spinal cord.
7. Name the number of lumbar segments of the spinal cord.
8. Name the number of sacral segments of the spinal cord.
9. Name the number of coccygeal segments of the spinal cord.
10. Name the groove of the spinal cord, which is the exit point for the motor roots.
A) posterior median sulcus;
B) anterolateral groove; +
B) posterolateral groove;
D) anterior median fissure.
11. Name the groove of the spinal cord, which is the entry point of the sensory roots.
A) posterior median sulcus;
B) anterolateral groove;
B) posterolateral groove; +
D) posterior intermediate groove;
D) anterior median fissure.
12. Name the characteristic morphological features of the white matter of the spinal cord.
A) is divided into cords; +
B) forms pillars;
B) represented by areas where neuron bodies are concentrated;
D) represented by areas where neuron processes are located; +
D) forms the pathways of the spinal cord. +
13. Name the characteristic morphological features of the gray matter of the spinal cord.
A) is divided into cords;
B) forms pillars; +
B) represented by areas where neuron bodies are concentrated; +
D) represented by areas where neuron processes are located;
D) forms the pathways of the spinal cord.
14. Name the leading pathways located in the anterior funiculus of the spinal cord.
A) thin beam (Gaull)
B) pyramidal path; +
D) roof-spinal cord; +
15. Name the leading pathways located in the posterior cord of the spinal cord.
A) thin beam (Gaull) +
B) roof-spinal tract;
B) red nuclear spinal tract;
D) anterior and posterior spinal-cerebellar tract (Gowers and Flexig)
D) wedge-shaped bundle (Burdacha). +
16.Name the leading pathways located in the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord.
A) thin beam (Gaull)
B) anterior and posterior spinal-cerebellar tract (Gowers and Flexig) +
B) red nuclear spinal tract; +
D) roof-spinal cord;
D) wedge-shaped bundle (Burdacha).
17. Name the parts of the brain that are formed as a result of the division of the rhombencephalon.
A) medulla oblongata; +
B) midbrain;
B) hindbrain; +
D) telencephalon;
D) diencephalon.
18. Name the parts of the brain that are formed as a result of the division of the forebrain.
A) medulla oblongata;
B) midbrain;
B) hindbrain;
D) telencephalon; +
D) diencephalon. +
19. Name the parts of the brain that form the brainstem.
A) medulla oblongata; +
B) midbrain; +
B) cities; +
D) cerebellum;
D) telencephalon.
20. Name the structures located on the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata.
A) the intersection of the pyramids; +
B) oils; +
B) thin and wedge-shaped bundles;
D) pyramids; +
D) the lower corner of the rhomboid fossa.
21. Name the structures located on the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata.
A) the intersection of the pyramids;
B) thin and wedge-shaped bundles; +
D) pyramids;
D) the lower corner of the rhomboid fossa. +
22. Name the structures located on the dorsal surface
A) onion-bridge furrow;
B) main groove;
B) medullary striae of the fourth ventricle; +
D) roots of IV, VII, VIII pairs of cranial nerves;
D) the upper corner of the rhomboid fossa. +
23. Name the structures located on the ventral surface
A) onion-bridge furrow; +
B) main groove; +
B) medullary striae of the fourth ventricle;
D) roots of IV, VII, VIII pairs of cranial nerves; +
D) the upper corner of the rhomboid fossa.
24. Name the structure, it is the cavity of the rhombencephalon.
A) I - II cerebral ventricles;
B) central channel;
B) III cerebral ventricle;
D) IV cerebral ventricle; +
D) plumbing.
25. Name the colored part of the rhomboid fossa.
B) vestibular field;
D) blue place;
D) medial increase.
26. Name the colored part of the rhomboid fossa.
A) triangle of the hypoglossal nerve
B) vestibular field;
B) triangle of the vagus nerve +
D) blue place;
D) medial increase.
27. Name the colored part of the rhomboid fossa.
A) triangle of the hypoglossal nerve
B) vestibular field; +
B) triangle of the vagus nerve
D) blue place;
D) medial increase.
28. Name the colored part of the rhomboid fossa.
A) triangle of the hypoglossal nerve
B) vestibular field;
B) triangle of the vagus nerve
D) blue place;
D) medial increase. +
29. Name the cerebellar nuclei.
A) dentate nucleus; +
B) red nucleus;
B) apical core; +
D) thin and wedge-shaped nuclei;
D) pick-like and spherical nuclei. +
30. The inferior cerebellar peduncles connect the cerebellum with...
A) ... telencephalon
B) ... midbrain;
B) ... bridge;
D) ... medulla oblongata; +
D) ... spinal cord.
1. The white matter of the brain performs the function:
a) reflex
b) conductive
c) nutritious
d) motor
2. Areas of nerve cells, clusters of which are the main component of the so-called white matter of the spinal cord - these are:
a) axons
b) nuclei of nerve cells
c) neuron bodies
d) dendrites
3. ____ pairs of cranial nerves depart from the brain
4. Different parts of the body, depending on their functional significance for the body, are unevenly represented in the motor zone of the cerebral cortex. The smallest surface area of the motor zone cortex falls on this part of the body:
a) torso
5. On average, the diameter of the human spinal cord is:
6. The hollow structure located in the center of the spinal cord is designated by the following term:
a) ventricles of the brain
b) spinal canal
d) spinal canal
7. One nerve cell can have the following number of axons:
a) only one
b) no more than ten
c) 10 or more
d) many
8. The part of the brain that has a cortex formed by numerous neuron bodies and their short processes - dendrites - is:
a) telencephalon
b) diencephalon
c) medulla oblongata
d) midbrain
9. Directly connected to the spinal cord are structures representing numerous processes of motor neurons covered with a connective tissue membrane. This structure is called:
a) anterior root
b) dorsal root
c) lateral spine
d) bottom spine
10. Cerebrospinal fluid in the human body is located in a structure called:
a) spinal canal
b) the space between the dura mater and the wall of the spinal canal
c) blood vessels supplying the brain
d) lymphatic system
11. In the spinal cord, the white matter is located:
a) in the central part
b) on the periphery
c) randomly
d) in the form of nuclei
12. One neuron can have the following number of dendrites:
b) no more than 10
c) 1-100 or more
d) more than 1000
13. Section of the brain in which sensitive and motor zones are distinguished:
a) medulla oblongata
b) midbrain
c) cerebellum
d) cerebral cortex
14. The portion of the cerebral cortex that received the greatest development in humans during the process of evolution:
a) frontal
b) parietal
c) temporal
d) occipital
15. The folds of the cerebral cortex are called the following term:
a) convolutions
b) furrows
d) tubercles
16. In the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex there is a ______ zone.
a) motor
b) visual
c) auditory
d) musculocutaneous
17. Areas of nerve cells, clusters of which are the main component of the gray matter of the spinal cord, are:
a) axons
b) dendrites
c) neuron bodies
18. Directly connected to the spinal cord are structures representing numerous processes of sensory neurons covered with a connective tissue membrane. This structure is designated by the following term:
a) anterior root
b) dorsal root
c) bottom spine
d) upper spine
19. The part of the brain in which the nuclei of the vagus nerve are located is:
a) diencephalon
b) midbrain
c) medulla oblongata
d) cerebral cortex
20. Clusters of gray matter in the brain are called:
a) plexuses
b) nuclei
c) ganglia
d) neurons
21. The part of the brain that is located directly above the spinal cord is:
b) cerebellum
c) hemispheres
d) medulla oblongata
22. Glial cells perform various functions. At the same time, they do not have the following function:
a) supporting
b) nutritious
c) motor
d) protective
23. The parts of the brain that are united by the term “brain stem” are:
a) pons, diencephalon and medulla oblongata
b) pons, midbrain and medulla oblongata
c) pons, cerebellum, midbrain and diencephalon
d) midbrain, diencephalon and telencephalon.
24. The _______ zone is located in the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex.
a) motor
b) visual
c) auditory
d) musculoskeletal sensitivity.
25. The following number of pairs of nerves depart from the spinal cord:
26. The groove separating the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe is:
a) central (Rolandic)
b) lateral (Sylvian)
c) intraparietal
d) back.
27. Of the listed zones, the temporal lobe of the cerebral hemispheres contains:
a) visual
b) auditory
c) motor
d) musculocutaneous
28. Structures related to the peripheral nervous system are:
a) just nerves
b) nerves and ganglia
c) spinal cord, nerves and ganglia
d) spinal cord and brain.
29. On a transverse section of the spinal cord, the anterior and posterior horns are distinguished in the gray matter. Motor neurons are located in the ______ horns.
a) front horns
b) rear horns
30. The thickness of the gray matter of the cerebral cortex is:
a) 0.15-0.5 mm
31. One of the sections of the autonomic nervous system is located in the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord, the peripheral sections of which are represented by nerves and nodes (ganglia), usually located far from the regulated organs. This department is called:
a) sympathetic
b) parasympathetic
c) metasympathetic
32. Indicate the neurons located outside the central nervous system:
a) sensitive
b) motor
c) insertion
d) different
33. The part of the brain that is the material basis of human mental activity is:
a) medulla oblongata
b) midbrain
c) diencephalon
d) cerebral cortex
34. The recesses of the cerebral cortex are designated by the term:
a) convolutions
b) furrows
d) potholes
35. The central sections of one of the sections of the autonomic nervous system are located in the midbrain, medulla oblongata and in the sacral part of the spinal cord, and the peripheral sections of this section are represented by nerves and nerve ganglia located in or near the internal organs. This part of the autonomic nervous system is called:
a) sympathetic
b) parasympathetic
c) metasympathetic
36. The scientist who called the analyzer system, which carries out direct interaction of the body with the stimulus, conducts a signal, and generates a sensation, is:
a) I.M. Sechenov
b) I.P. Pavlov
c) A.A. Ukhtomsky
d) P.F. Lesgaft
37. This structure is not part of the brain’s analyzing system:
a) sensory organ receptors
b) sensory neurons
c) neurons of the sensitive zones of the cerebral cortex
d) motor neurons
38. The section of the hearing organ to which the eardrum belongs is:
a) outer ear
b) middle ear
c) inner ear
d) auricle
39. Photoreceptors that are more sensitive to light are:
a) sticks
b) cones
c) papillae
d) mushrooms
40. There are three main membranes in the eyeball. Of the following is the average:
a) vascular
b) fibrous
c) retina
41. The outer layer of retinal cells adjacent to the choroid of the eye is called:
a) layer of rods and cones
b) pigment layer
c) layer of bipolar cells
d) layer of ganglion cells
42. The place where the nerve fibers of the optic nerve exit the retina is called:
a) corpus luteum
b) blind spot
c) vitreous body
d) yellow spot.
43. The receptor cells of the taste analyzer perceive _______ simple tastes.
d) four.
44. Of the listed receptors in the skin, the following are found in the greatest quantities:
a) thermal
b) cold
c) painful
d) pressure receptors
45. All parts of the inner ear have hair cells. These cells are pressed by tiny limestone crystals in the following section:
a) semicircular canals
b) snail
c) vestibule
d) ossicles (auditory).
46. ______ receptors are “free nerve endings”:
a) taste
b) painful
c) olfactory
47. The skin sense of touch is formed as a result of the influence of many factors that specifically affect skin receptors of different types. A factor whose effect is not specific to skin receptors is:
a) touching hairs
b) pressure on the skin
c) exposure to cold or heat
d) painful irritation
e) exposure to water-soluble chemicals
48. Muscular sensation occurs when special receptors are excited. ____________ lacks muscle receptors:
a) skeletal muscles
b) tendons
c) smooth muscles
d) joints
49. These retinal photoreceptors function only in bright light:
a) sticks
b) cones
50. The following ossicles of the middle ear are connected to the eardrum:
a) stirrup
b) anvil
