Gingivitis tablets. Gingivitis - the main forms and methods of effective treatment

From this article you will learn:

• what causes gingivitis,
• what are the forms of this disease,
• gingivitis in adults - symptoms and treatment at the dentist and at home.

The article was written by a dentist with more than 19 years of experience.

Gingivitis is an inflammation of the marginal part of the gum adjacent to the teeth, including the interdental papillae (Fig. 1-2). With this disease, patients most often complain of bleeding gums, pain when brushing teeth, as well as swelling, redness or cyanosis of the gums. Gingivitis with a predominance of such symptoms is usually called “catarrhal” by dentists.

However, in a small percentage of cases, inflammation can also manifest as gingival overgrowth, or even ulceration and necrosis. The most important feature that distinguishes gingivitis from other inflammatory gum diseases is that the inflammation does not spread deeper than the gum mucosa. Accordingly, with gingivitis there is no destruction of the bone tissue around the teeth, no mobility of the teeth, i.e. symptoms characteristic of.

If you have mobility of some teeth, as well as periodontal pockets, from which pus can be released during periods of exacerbation, such symptoms no longer indicate gingivitis, but the presence of periodontitis (a more severe form of gum inflammation). You can read more about this disease at the link above. Let us only note that in most cases its development is a consequence of untimely and/or ineffective treatment of gingivitis.

Main forms of gingivitis –

• catarrhal gingivitis (Fig. 1-8),
• ulcerative-necrotizing gingivitis (Fig. 12-15),
• hypertrophic gingivitis (Fig. 16-18).

1. Catarrhal gingivitis: symptoms

Among all patients with gingivitis, this form accounts for more than 97% of cases. Those. this is the most common form of this disease. The term “catarrhal” means that the inflammation affects only the mucous membrane of the gums (i.e., it proceeds superficially), without affecting the bone tissue around the teeth and the dentogingival attachment. In Fig. 3-5 you can see exactly what catarrhal gingivitis looks like in the oral cavity.

Cause of occurrence –
This is exceptionally insufficient oral hygiene, as a result of which soft microbial plaque accumulates in the area of ​​​​the necks of the teeth, and the formation of tartar occurs. Plaque bacteria produce toxins and pathogens, which trigger inflammation in the gum mucosa. At the same time, various chronic diseases or vitamin C deficiency are not the direct causes of the development of gingivitis, but may be a predisposing factor that increases the impact of microbial plaque.

Catarrhal gingivitis: photo

Symptoms –

• swelling of the gingival margin and interdental papillae,
• redness or bluishness of the gums,
• bleeding gums when brushing teeth,
• pain when brushing teeth,
• itching in the gums,
• Usually, accumulations of microbial plaque are visible at the necks of teeth.

The appearance of bleeding is associated with an increase in the permeability of capillary walls, capillary fragility, and a decrease in the thickness of the epithelium of the gum mucosa. All this arises as a consequence of the influence of toxins and microbial plaque pathogens on the gum mucosa. Most often, bleeding occurs when exposed to mechanical factors (injuring weakened gums), for example, when brushing teeth or chewing rough, hard food.

Pain when brushing teeth also occurs due to thinning of the epithelium of the gum mucosa. Thinning of the epithelium against the background of gum inflammation is a natural process, and develops due to an increase in the rate of desquamation of epithelial cells (site).

Forms of catarrhal gingivitis –

There are 2 variants of the course of the catarrhal form of gingivitis. Firstly, there is acute catarrhal gingivitis (Fig. 3-4), which is characterized by bright red gum color, acute development, and sometimes significant bleeding and pain when brushing teeth. With this form of the disease, due to pain when brushing teeth, patients sometimes completely abandon oral hygiene, which leads to an even greater increase in the amount of microbial plaque, and as a result, further aggravates the situation.

Secondly, the chronic form of the disease (Fig. 5-6), which is characterized by sluggish symptoms over a long period of time. In this case, catarrhal gingivitis symptoms of bleeding will be quite minor, and there will be no pain during cleaning. The marginal gum and dentogingival papillae will have a bluish color. However, exacerbation of symptoms may periodically occur, which usually occurs against the background of a decrease in immunity during the period of colds.

Treatment of gingivitis at home -

Treatment of catarrhal gingivitis will be quick and effective if 3 conditions are met. Firstly, treatment should primarily be aimed at removing soft microbial plaque and hard tartar, as the cause of inflammation. Secondly, anti-inflammatory therapy, which may include various rinses and special gels for gums. The third point is the normalization of oral hygiene.

A course of anti-inflammatory therapy can be carried out without problems at home, but microbial plaque and tartar can be removed from the surface of the teeth only by visiting a dentist. The fact is that with the help of a regular toothbrush and paste, only “freshly formed” soft microbial plaque is effectively removed. And the problem is that in the absence of regular hygiene, the soft microbial plaque in the oral cavity quickly undergoes mineralization by calcium and phosphorus salts contained in saliva.

After partial mineralization of the soft microbial plaque, which occurs on average within 10-16 hours, it hardens and becomes tightly attached to the tooth. This is how hard dental deposits gradually form (Fig. 7-8), which can no longer be removed simply by brushing your teeth with a brush and paste. If you start using antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agents for the gums without removing the dental plaque that caused the inflammation of the gums, the effect of the treatment will be short-lived, and the inflammation itself will become chronic.

What does hard dental plaque look like?

Conclusions: Please note that dental deposits can be not only clearly visible supragingival (as in Fig. 7-8), but also subgingival, which are located slightly below the gum level. Typically, such deposits can be suspected in the presence of cyanosis and bleeding of the gums - with a visible absence of plaque or dental deposits in the area of ​​​​the necks of the teeth (Fig. 5). Once again, subgingival tartar can be identified and removed only with the help of dental instruments.

DETAILED TREATMENT SCHEME –

As we said above, treatment for gingivitis consists of professional teeth cleaning at the dentist, a course of anti-inflammatory therapy, and, equally important, teaching the patient proper oral hygiene (including the use of dental floss).

1) Removal of dental plaque –

There are several methods for removing dental plaque, but given that with gingivitis the gums are inflamed and usually bleed, it is best to use them (Fig. 9). A special attachment creates ultrasonic vibrations and breaks the attachment of dental plaque to the surface of the tooth enamel. Usually the procedure takes from 30 to 60 minutes (depending on the amount of dental plaque). The procedure is usually painless, but if desired, it can also be performed under anesthesia (a video of the procedure can be viewed at the link above).

Gingivitis: photos before and after treatment

Important: note how the bluish gums turned pink after treatment of gingivitis in Fig. 10-11. The return of healthy gum color is primarily associated with the removal of dental plaque. Without this, even the most powerful anti-inflammatory drugs will not be able to completely normalize the condition of the gums, because the gums will continue to be affected by toxins and pathogens from microbial plaque and dental plaque.

3) Normalization of oral hygiene –

Please note that simply curing gingivitis is not enough. It will very soon arise again if you do not start brushing your teeth correctly and regularly. In the absence of regular oral hygiene, plaque and tartar will form again very quickly and cause new inflammation. Good hygiene includes not only the use of a toothbrush and toothpaste, but also special dental floss. In order not to clutter this article, we do not provide detailed hygiene recommendations here, but you can take them into account in our articles:

It is also worth noting that during the period of treatment of gingivitis you may need a special soft toothbrush, as well as medicated paste. A soft toothbrush for gingivitis (labeled “Soft”, i.e. “soft”) is necessary only if brushing your teeth causes you pain and a desire to give up hygiene altogether. But dentists recommend using such a brush only for the period of treatment of gingivitis - no more than 2 weeks, because Soft bristles are less effective at removing microbial plaque.

Examples of soft bristle toothbrushes –

If you do not use a special mouthwash, such as Lakalut Active, which contains aluminum lactate to quickly reduce bleeding gums, then you can use a special anti-inflammatory toothpaste to brush your teeth. Lakalut, Parodontax, President, Asepta, Forest Balm... there are a lot of such pastes, and to make your choice easier, we have compiled a special rating of such products:

2. Vincent’s ulcerative-necrotizing gingivitis –

This type of gingivitis is officially called “Vincent ulcerative-necrotizing gingivitis.” Sometimes the terms Vincent's gingivitis or ulcerative gingivitis are used. This is the most severe form of gingivitis, which is accompanied by symptoms of intoxication of the body. There are acute and chronic forms of this disease (Fig. 12-15).

Causes–
A significant role in development is played by critically poor oral hygiene, when there is a significant increase in the mass of microbial plaque on the teeth (especially fusobacteria and spirochetes). Under these conditions, the local immunity of the oral mucosa is no longer able to cope with large amounts of toxins released by pathogenic bacteria. As a result, foci of mucosal necrosis and ulceration occur.

The triggering factor that initiates the development of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis against the background of poor oral hygiene can be a sharp decrease in immunity or an exacerbation of severe concomitant chronic diseases of the body. But these factors are only predisposing; the main reason is poor hygiene and the accumulation of microbial plaque and/or tartar.

Acute ulcerative-necrotizing gingivitis: photo

Chronic ulcerative-necrotizing gingivitis: photo

Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis: symptoms and treatment in adults
upon visual examination, you can find that the gums are covered with a whitish or yellowish coating, there are areas of gum ulceration, and some of the gingival papillae are necrotic. In the acute course of the disease, patients complain of high fever, loss of appetite, headaches, putrid breath, bleeding and pain in the gums (Fig. 12-13). In the chronic course of Vincent's gingivitis, the symptoms are less pronounced (Fig. 14-15).

How to cure ulcerative necrotizing gingivitis - treatment is carried out exclusively by a dentist, and urgently. The basis of treatment is the removal of dental plaque, including mandatory scraping of necrotic plaque. Plaque along with dental deposits can be easily removed using a conventional ultrasonic tip (scaler), followed by removal of plaque residues with a curettage spoon. Next, antibiotics, antiseptic rinses, and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed.

• Antibiotic therapy –
  the prescribed antibiotics must be effective against fusobacteria and spirochetes, so a combination drug of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, Amoxiclav, is usually prescribed in a tablet. (for adults - tablets of 500 mg amoxicillin + 125 mg clavulanic acid, which are used 3 times a day - during the first day of the disease, and 2 times a day for the next 6 days).

  In parallel with Amoxiclav, you need to take the antibiotic Trichopolum (Metronidazole) - 500 mg 3 times a day, for a total of 7 days. In parallel with this, you should use antiseptic rinses with 0.2-0.25% chlorhexidine solution, as well as gum gel - better, but if there is soreness of the gums, then Cholisal.

Important : the use of antibiotics and antiseptics at home (without removing deposits and necrotic plaque) leads to the transition of acute necrotic gingivitis into a chronic form - with gradual increasing necrosis of the gums, exposure of tooth roots, as well as constant intoxication of the body. Therefore, an urgent visit to the dentist is mandatory. After inflammation subsides, drugs are prescribed that accelerate the epithelization of the mucous membrane, for example.

3. Hypertrophic gingivitis –

Hypertrophic gingivitis is a chronic type of gum inflammation. With it, there is an increase in the volume of the gums, which can occur either due to persistent chronic swelling of the gums (which practically does not respond to anti-inflammatory therapy), or due to its fibrous growth. The hypertrophic form of gingivitis most often occurs only on the front surface of the dentition.

Causes–
most often occurs with endocrine disorders, toxicosis of pregnant women (gingivitis of pregnant women), with hormonal changes in adolescents (juvenile gingivitis), as well as with malocclusion and in the presence of local traumatic factors - overhanging edges of fillings and crowns. In some cases, gum hypertrophy is a consequence of long-term chronic catarrhal gingivitis.

Hypertrophic gingivitis - symptoms and treatment will depend on the form of this disease, i.e. depending on what exactly causes the gum enlargement (edema or fibrous growth). In accordance with this, edematous and fibrous forms of hypertrophic gingivitis are distinguished.

• Edema form(Fig. 16-17)–
  The gingival papillae in this form are enlarged not due to tissue proliferation, but due to their swelling. Accordingly, they will not be dense, but loose. It is this form of gingivitis that most often develops in pregnant women and adolescents against the background of hormonal changes. At the beginning of treatment, it is necessary to remove dental plaque and anti-inflammatory therapy.

  If the effect of these measures is insignificant, then sclerosing therapy is used, when, against the background of pain relief, a sclerosing solution is injected into the swollen gingival papillae. Typically, solutions of 40% glucose, 25% magnesium sulfate, 10% calcium chloride are used. 0.1-0.2 ml of solution is injected into each papilla. Course – 3 or 4 injections into each gingival papilla. The intervals between series of injections are usually 1-2 days. If the effect of such therapy is absent or insufficient, prednisolone is injected into the gingival papillae.

• Fibrous form(Fig. 18,19) –
  The gingival papillae in this form are dense, and not loose as in the edematous form. This is due to the fact that the increase in gum volume did not occur due to swelling, but due to the proliferation of fibrous connective tissue. Treatment begins with the elimination of traumatic factors (overhanging edges of fillings, crowns, and also in the case of a traumatic bite - selective grinding of teeth). At the same time, dental plaque is removed.

  The main method of treating the fibrous form is surgical excision of gum tissue (Fig. 19-21). After excision, a course of anti-inflammatory therapy is prescribed, for example, therapeutic dressings with heparin ointment, hydrocortisone and other drugs. It should be noted that in the absence of treatment, the long-lasting edematous form of hypertrophic gingivitis can easily turn into fibrous.

Gingivitis: treatment at home

Once again, let us draw your attention to a very important point - treatment of gingivitis in adults at home is only possible in terms of a course of anti-inflammatory therapy. At home, you can successfully use antiseptic rinses and applications to treat catarrhal gingivitis, but you will still have to visit a dentist to remove plaque.

A small example: a person’s gums are bleeding and he decides to use the remedies he heard about in an advertisement. These can be various gels, rinses or anti-inflammatory toothpastes. And indeed, as long as a person uses such means, bleeding decreases or disappears completely for a while. But as soon as the use of the products is stopped, the gums begin to bleed again, plus their swelling and redness return.

The reason for this is quite commonplace - the person tried to treat the symptoms (such as bleeding, pain, swelling) without removing the cause of these symptoms (microbial plaque, as well as hard supra- and subgingival dental plaque). Advertisements for various dental products do not talk about the causes of bleeding or the need to remove dental plaque. Moreover, for obvious reasons... We hope that our article on the topic: Gingivitis symptoms and treatment in adults, photos - turned out to be useful to you!

Sources:

1. Add. professional,
2. Based on personal experience as a periodontist,
3. National Library of Medicine (USA),
4. American Academy of Periodontology (USA),
5. “Non-surgical periodontal treatment” (Roncati M.).

Pharmacological group

The drug is a multivitamin.

Release form

The drug is available in ampoules of 2 ml, in a package of 10 or 100 ampoules.

Effect of the drug

The drug improves metabolic processes and replenishes the lack of vitamins in the body.

Indications for use

Diseases of the oral mucosa (gingivitis, stomatitis).

Chronic alcoholism.

Unbalanced diet, lack of vitamins.

Diseases of the intestines and liver, stomach and duodenum.

Skin diseases.

Pregnancy and lactation period.

Eye diseases.

Contraindications

Simultaneous use with a drug such as levodopa.

Side effects

Prescribed 2-4 ml per day.

Dosage of the drug for children

Use the drug during pregnancy and breastfeeding only as prescribed by a doctor. He also selects the optimal dosage.

VOKARA

Pharmacological group

The drug belongs to homeopathic remedies.

Release form

The drug is available in dropper bottles of 20, 50 and 100 ml.

Effect of the drug

The drug has antimicrobial, detoxification, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulating effects.

Indications for use

Gingivitis.

Stomatitis.

Tonsillitis and lymphadenitis.

Pharyngitis.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the drug.

Side effects

Gastrointestinal tract: increased salivation.

Allergic reactions: skin rash and itching.

Dosage of the drug for adults

Prescribed 10 drops 3 times a day for a month.

Dosage of the drug for children

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

Polyminerol

Pharmacological group

The drug belongs to the drugs used to treat gingivitis.

Release form

The drug is available in 100 ml bottles.

Effect of the drug

The drug has an analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. Improves restoration of the oral mucosa and reduces vascular permeability.

Indications for use

Gingivitis and gingivostomatitis.

Prevention and treatment of gum diseases accompanied by increased bleeding.

Periodontal disease.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the drug.

Side effects

There may be a slight increase in body temperature.

Dosage of the drug for adults

It is prescribed to rinse daily with a solution of the drug in a ratio of 1:5 with water.

Dosage of the drug for children

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

The drug is approved for use in pregnant and lactating women as prescribed by a doctor.

Stomatidin

Pharmacological group

The drug is a local antiseptic that is used to treat diseases of the oral cavity and ENT organs.

Release form

The drug is available in 200 ml bottles (0.1% solution).

Effect of the drug

The drug has an antimicrobial and mild analgesic effect.

Indications for use

Gingivitis and stomatitis.

Injuries to the oral mucosa.

Increased bleeding of gums.

Tonsillitis, pharyngitis and periodontitis.

Bad breath.

Prevention of infections after tooth extraction.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the drug.

Side effects

Gastrointestinal tract: taste disturbance.

Allergic reactions.

Dosage of the drug for children

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

The use of the drug during pregnancy and breastfeeding is possible only under the supervision of a physician.

Amoxiclav

The drug belongs to the antibacterial agents, penicillin group.

Release form

The drug is available in tablet form.

Effect of the drug

The drug has an anti-inflammatory effect.

Indications for use

Oral infections (gingivitis, stomatitis, periodontal disease).

Infections of the urinary system (urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis).

Infections of the respiratory and ENT organs (sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, otitis media, tonsillitis, bronchitis, pleurisy, pneumonia).

Infections of the genital organs (cervicitis, endometritis).

Bone and joint infections.

Skin and soft tissue infections.

Infections of the choleretic organs (cholecystitis, cholangitis).

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the drug.

Jaundice due to bile stagnation in the past.

Side effects

Gastrointestinal tract: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, jaundice, colitis, hepatitis.

Dosage of the drug for children

The drug is calculated at 10 mg of the drug per 1 kg of body weight per day, divided into 3 doses.

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

Hexoral tabs

The drug belongs to the class of antimicrobial and analgesic drugs of local importance.

Release form

Effect of the drug

The drug has an antimicrobial and analgesic effect.

Indications for use

Gingivitis.

Stomatitis.

Pharyngitis.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the drug.

Ulcers and erosions of the oral mucosa.

Oral wounds.

Side effects

Allergic reactions: skin itching, rash, urticaria.

Dosage of the drug for adults

Prescribed 1 tablet every 4 hours, no more than 8 tablets per day. The tablets should be dissolved slowly in the mouth.

Dosage of the drug for children

Children from 4 to 12 years old are prescribed 4 tablets per day.

Children over 12 years old - no more than 8 tablets per day.

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

Grammidin with neo anesthetic

The drug is a product with antibacterial and analgesic properties.

Release form

The drug is available in the form of lozenges.

Effect of the drug

The drug has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

Indications for use

Gingivitis.

Periodontal disease.

Stomatitis.

Pharyngitis.

Tonsillitis.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the drug.

Side effects

Allergic reactions: skin itching, rash, urticaria.

Dosage of the drug for adults

Prescribed 1 tablet 3-4 times a day. The tablets should be taken after meals, dissolving in the mouth.

Dosage of the drug for children

Children from 4 to 12 years old are prescribed 1 tablet 1-2 times a day.

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

maraslavin

The drug belongs to the drugs used to treat periodontal disease and gingivitis.

Release form

The drug is available in the form of a solution for topical use.

Effect of the drug

The drug has antimicrobial, antiallergic, irritating, astringent, analgesic effects. Improves tissue regeneration.

Indications for use

Periodontal disease.

Gingivitis.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the drug.

Side effects

Allergic reactions: skin itching, rash, urticaria.

Dosage of the drug for adults

The dosage of the drug is calculated by the dentist individually in each specific case.

Dosage of the drug for children

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

The drug is prohibited for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

sodium nucleinate

The drug belongs to the immunomodulators.

Release form

The drug is available in the form of tablets and powder for the preparation of a suspension for oral administration.

Effect of the drug

The drug improves immunity.

Indications for use

Gingivitis.

Chronic lung diseases.

Immunodeficiency states.

Leukopenia.

Periodontal disease.

Alcoholism.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the drug.

Side effects

Allergic reactions: skin itching, rash, urticaria.

Dosage of the drug for adults

1-2 g of the drug is prescribed, divided into 4 doses. The duration of the course of treatment is 10 days.

Dosage of the drug for children

The drug is prohibited for use in children under 18 years of age.

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

The drug is prohibited for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

septolet

The drug belongs to the class of drugs with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.

Release form

The drug is available in the form of sugar-free lozenges.

Effect of the drug

The drug has antiseptic, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.

Indications for use

Gingivitis.

Stomatitis.

Periodontal disease.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the drug.

Side effects

Gastrointestinal tract: nausea, vomiting.

Allergic reactions: skin itching, rash, urticaria.

Dosage of the drug for adults

Prescribed 1 lozenge every 2 hours, but not more than 8 lozenges per day.

Dosage of the drug for children

Children from 4 to 10 years old are prescribed no more than 4 lozenges per day.

Children over 10 years of age are prescribed no more than 6 lozenges per day.

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

The drug is approved for careful use during pregnancy and lactation.

solcoseryl

dental adhesive paste

The drug belongs to the means that improve the process of tissue repair.

Release form

The drug is available in the form of a paste for topical use.

Effect of the drug

The drug accelerates tissue restoration, wound healing, and has an analgesic effect.

Indications for use

Gingivitis.

Alveolitis.

Stomatitis.

Bedsores from removable dentures.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the drug.

Side effects

Allergic reactions: skin itching, rash, urticaria.

Dosage of the drug for adults

A strip of ointment should be applied 3-5 times a day.

Dosage of the drug for children

The drug is prohibited for use in children under 18 years of age.

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

The drug is approved for careful use under medical supervision during pregnancy and lactation.

strepsils plus

The drug belongs to drugs with antimicrobial and analgesic effects.

Release form

Effect of the drug

The drug has an antimicrobial and analgesic effect.

Indications for use

Stomatitis.

Gingivitis.

Periodontal disease.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the drug.

Side effects

Gastrointestinal tract: nausea, vomiting.

Nervous system: headache, dizziness.

Allergic reactions: skin itching, rash, urticaria.

Dosage of the drug for adults

Prescribed 1 tablet every 2 hours, but not more than 8 tablets per day.

Dosage of the drug for children

The drug is prohibited for use in children under 12 years of age.

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

The drug is approved for careful use under medical supervision during pregnancy and lactation.

tantum verde

The drug belongs to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Release form

The drug is available in the form of lozenges and 0.15% solution and spray for topical use.

Indications for use

Gingivitis.

Stomatitis.

Candidiasis.

Pharyngitis.

Laryngitis.

Treatment and removal of teeth.

Periodontal disease.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the drug.

Side effects

Gastrointestinal tract: dry mouth, burning sensation in the mouth.

Nervous system: drowsiness.

Allergic reactions: skin itching, rash, urticaria.

Dosage of the drug for adults

Prescribed 1 tablet 3-4 times a day.

Dosage of the drug for children

The drug is prohibited for use in children under 12 years of age. The dosage of the drug for children is selected individually by the pediatrician.

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

The drug is approved for careful use under medical supervision during pregnancy and lactation.

terasil

The drug is an antiseptic for local use.

Release form

The drug is available in the form of lozenges.

Effect of the drug

The drug has an antiseptic effect.

Indications for use

Gingivitis.

Stomatitis.

Periodontal disease.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the drug.

Diabetes.

Side effects

Allergic reactions: skin itching, rash, urticaria.

Dosage of the drug for adults

Prescribed 1 tablet every 3 hours, but not more than 8 tablets during the day.

Dosage of the drug for children

The drug is prohibited for use in children under 6 years of age.

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

The drug is approved for careful use under medical supervision during pregnancy and lactation.

theraflu gift

The drug is an antimicrobial and analgesic.

Release form

The drug is available in the form of lozenges and a spray for topical use.

Effect of the drug

The drug has antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral and analgesic effects.

Indications for use

Gingivitis.

Laryngitis.

Pharyngitis.

Tonsillitis.

Stomatitis.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the drug.

Side effects

Gastrointestinal tract: nausea, vomiting.

Nervous system: headache, dizziness.

Allergic reactions: skin itching, rash, urticaria.

Dosage of the drug for children

Prohibited for use in children under 6 years of age. Children over 6 years old are prescribed 1 tablet every 3 hours or 2-3 sprays of spray 3-6 times a day.

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

The drug is prohibited for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

cycloferon

The drug belongs to antiviral drugs.

Release form

The drug is available in the form of a 5% ointment.

Effect of the drug

The drug has antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. Increases immunity.

Indications for use

Urethritis, balanoposthitis, gonorrhea, chlamydia.

Periodontitis.

Vaginosis.

Gingivitis.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the drug.

Side effects

Allergic reactions: skin itching, rash, urticaria.

Dosage of the drug for adults

The ointment is applied in a thin layer 1-2 times a day. The duration of treatment is 5 days.

Dosage of the drug for children

The drug is prohibited for use in children under 18 years of age.

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

The drug is prohibited for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

abisil

Release form

The drug is available in the form of an oil solution for local and external use.

Effect of the drug

The drug has a bactericidal and anti-inflammatory effect. Promotes wound healing.

Indications for use

Purulent-inflammatory diseases of the skin and soft tissues, such as ulcers, abscesses, frostbite, burns, bedsores and phlegmon.

Purulent-inflammatory diseases of the throat, nose, ear and paranasal sinuses.

Contraindications

Side effects

Dosage of the drug for adults

The drug is applied to the wound or inflamed area 1-2 times a day in a thin layer after pre-treatment. The duration of treatment is usually 5-10 days.

For a runny nose, instill 1-2 drops of the drug into each nasal passage 3-4 times a day. For external otitis, 2-3 drops of the drug are instilled into the ear canal 3-4 times a day, or tampons soaked in the drug can be inserted.

Dosage of the drug for children

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

The use of the drug during pregnancy is possible only for strict health reasons in minimal doses and under the supervision of a doctor.

anti-angina formula

Pharmacological group

The drug refers to agents with antimicrobial and local anesthetic effects, which are used topically in dentistry and ENT practice.

Release form

The drug is available in the form of lozenges.

Effect of the drug

The drug has an antibacterial and antifungal effect, increases the body's resistance to infections, and provides local anesthesia.

Indications for use

Gingivitis, stomatitis, periodontal disease.

Tonsillitis, pharyngitis, initial stages of tonsillitis.

Condition after removal of tonsils or teeth.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

Side effects

Allergic reactions: urticaria, skin itching and rash.

Dosage of the drug for adults

The drug is prescribed 6 tablets per day with an interval of at least 2 hours. The tablet should be kept in the mouth until completely dissolved; chewing is not recommended.

Dosage of the drug for children

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

The use of the drug during pregnancy is possible only for strict health reasons in minimal doses and under the supervision of a doctor.

When using the drug during breastfeeding, the baby should be switched to artificial feeding with formula.

galavit

Pharmacological group

The drug is classified as an immunity booster.

Release form

The drug is available in powder form for the preparation of a solution for intramuscular administration.

Effect of the drug

The drug has an anti-inflammatory effect. Increases immunity.

Indications for use

Gingivitis.

Infectious diseases accompanied by diarrhea.

Viral hepatitis.

Diseases caused by the human papillomavirus.

Chronic diseases caused by the herpes virus.

Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the urinary system.

Inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs.

Complications of the postoperative period.

Erysipelas.

Furunculosis.

Decreased physical performance.

Asthenic conditions, exhaustion.

Mental disorders in alcoholism and drug addiction.

Inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity and ENT organs.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

Side effects

Allergic reactions: urticaria, skin itching and rash.

Dosage of the drug for adults

Dosage of the drug for children

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

The drug is prohibited for use during the entire period of pregnancy. When using the drug during breastfeeding, the baby should be switched to artificial feeding with formula.

Dr. Theiss Angi Sept

Pharmacological group

The drug belongs to complex agents that have antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects.

Release form

The drug is available in the form of lozenges.

Effect of the drug

The drug has a local irritant, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial effect.

Indications for use

Flu prevention.

Prevention and treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity and pharynx, such as gingivitis, tonsillitis, stomatitis, sore throat.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

Side effects

Allergic reactions: urticaria, skin itching and rash.

Dosage of the drug for adults

The drug is prescribed 1 tablet every 2-3 hours. The tablets should be dissolved until completely dissolved. You can't chew it!

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

The use of the drug during pregnancy is possible only for strict health reasons in minimal doses and under the supervision of a doctor. When using the drug during breastfeeding, the baby should be switched to artificial feeding with formula.

gramicidin with

Pharmacological group

The drug is an antibacterial agent.

Release form

The drug is available in the form of lozenges, a concentrated alcohol solution for the preparation of local and external use, and a paste.

Effect of the drug

The drug has a bactericidal effect.

Indications for use

External solution:

Bedsores.

Osteomyelitis.

Purulent wounds.

Empyema.

Joint injuries.

Furuncle, phlegmon.

Pyoderma.

Blepharitis.

Otitis externa.

Scleritis.

Paste:

Pills:

Gingivitis, stomatitis, periodontal disease.

Acute pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sore throat.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

Dermatoses.

Side effects

Hemolysis. Phlebitis.

Allergic reactions: urticaria, skin itching and rash.

Dosage of the drug for adults

The dosage of the drug is calculated individually in each specific case, depending on the type and severity of the disease and the patient’s condition.

Dosage of the drug for children

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

The use of the drug during pregnancy is possible only for strict health reasons in minimal doses and under the supervision of a doctor.

When using the drug during breastfeeding, the baby should be switched to artificial feeding with formula.

insadol

Pharmacological group

The drug belongs to the drugs used to treat periodontal diseases and gingivitis.

Release form

The drug is available in the form of film-coated tablets.

Effect of the drug

The drug has an anti-inflammatory effect. Stimulates restoration processes, reduces pain and bleeding gums.

Indications for use

Gingivitis.

Periodontitis.

Periodontal disease as part of complex therapy.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

Dosage of the drug for adults

The drug is prescribed 2 tablets 3 times a day. The duration of treatment is 3 weeks.

Dosage of the drug for children

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

It is not recommended to use the drug throughout pregnancy, since there is currently no reliable information about the safety of the drug for mother and baby. When using the drug during breastfeeding, the baby should be switched to artificial feeding with formula.

hydrolytic lignin

Pharmacological group

The drug belongs to herbal remedies.

Release form

The drug is available in powder form for oral administration.

Effect of the drug

The drug has a detoxifying and enterosorbing effect, fights diarrhea, and lowers blood lipid levels. Is an antioxidant.

Indications for use

Diseases in dentistry: gingivitis, stomatitis, periodontitis, periodontitis.

Diseases of the digestive system: diarrhea, cholera, salmonellosis, colitis, food toxic infection, viral hepatitis, intestinal dysbiosis.

Pregnancy gestosis.

Acute diseases accompanied by intoxication.

Kidney failure.

Liver failure.

Gynecological diseases: cervicitis, colpitis, vaginosis, candidiasis.

Allergic diseases.

Lipid metabolism disorders such as obesity and atherosclerosis.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

Antacid gastritis.

Diabetes mellitus - with caution, as the granules contain sucrose.

Side effects

Gastrointestinal tract: constipation.

Allergic reactions: urticaria, skin itching and rash.

Dosage of the drug for adults

The dosage of the drug is calculated by the attending physician individually in each specific case, depending on the type and severity of the disease, as well as on the patient’s condition. Long-term use of the product must be combined with the use of vitamins B, K, D, E and calcium supplements.

Dosage of the drug for children

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

The use of the drug during pregnancy is possible only for strict health reasons in minimal doses and under the supervision of a doctor.

When using the drug during breastfeeding, the baby should be switched to artificial feeding with formula.

sebiaine

Pharmacological group

The drug belongs to antimicrobial agents.

Release form

The drug is available in the form of lozenges.

Effect of the drug

The drug has an antimicrobial effect, increases local immunity, and removes dental plaque. Participates in the formation of collagen and intercellular substance.

Indications for use

Gingivitis.

Mouth infections.

Infections of the throat and larynx.

Periodontitis.

Periodontopathy.

Stomatitis.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

Side effects

Gastrointestinal tract: taste disturbance, sore tongue, dry mouth, nausea, pain in the stomach. Mumps.

Change in color of fillings and dentures.

Allergic reactions: urticaria, skin itching and rash.

Dosage of the drug for adults

The drug is prescribed 1 tablet 4-5 times a day. The tablet should be dissolved slowly until completely dissolved. The duration of treatment is 1 week. In some cases, on the recommendation of a doctor, the drug can be prescribed 1 tablet 3 times a day for 3 weeks.

Dosage of the drug for children

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

The use of the drug during pregnancy is possible only for strict health reasons in minimal doses and under the supervision of a doctor.

When using the drug during breastfeeding, the baby should be switched to artificial feeding with formula.

pro-ambassador

Pharmacological group

The drug belongs to drugs with anti-inflammatory, reparative and antimicrobial effects for local use in dentistry.

Release form

The drug is available in the form of a spray for topical use.

Effect of the drug

The drug has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant effects. Softens and disinfects. Promotes epithelial restoration.

Indications for use

Gingivitis.

Stomatitis.

Glossitis.

Periodontal disease.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

Side effects

Allergic reactions: urticaria, skin itching and rash.

Dosage of the drug for adults

The drug is prescribed 2-6 times a day. The duration of the course of treatment is 7-10 days.

Before use, put a special spray nozzle on the container. The affected area of ​​the oral mucosa is irrigated evenly by pressing the nozzle all the way. It is not recommended to eat or drink for half an hour after using the drug.

Dosage of the drug for children

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

The use of the drug during pregnancy is possible only for strict health reasons in minimal doses and under the supervision of a doctor.

Falimint

Pharmacological group

The drug is classified as a local anesthetic in dentistry and ENT practice.

Release form

The drug is available in the form of tablets.

Effect of the drug

The drug has an antitussive antiseptic effect. Relieves pain and creates a feeling of coolness in the mouth and throat.

Indications for use

Inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity (gingivitis, stomatitis).

Inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract (pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis).

Unproductive, irritating, reflex cough.

Preparation for instrumental examinations of the oral cavity and pharynx, as well as taking impressions and fitting dentures.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

Side effects

Allergic reactions: urticaria, skin itching and rash.

Dosage of the drug for adults

The drug is prescribed at a dose of 25-30 mg 3-5 times a day, the drug should be kept in the mouth until completely absorbed.

Dosage of the drug for children

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

The use of the drug during pregnancy is not recommended, since there are currently no reliable studies confirming its safety.

phytantis

Pharmacological group

The drug belongs to herbal remedies with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects.

Release form

Effect of the drug

The drug has an astringent, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect.

Indications for use

Gingivitis.

Stomatitis.

Intestinal dysbiosis.

Acute and chronic intestinal infections.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

Gastritis.

Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum.

Liver failure.

Side effects

Allergic reactions: urticaria, skin itching and rash.

Dosage of the drug for adults

The drug is prescribed half a glass for rinsing 3-4 times a day for diseases of the oral cavity. In the form of lotions for skin inflammation. Half a glass of decoction orally 3 times a day half an hour before meals or an hour after meals for acute and chronic intestinal infections. The duration of treatment is 1 month. Method of preparation from crushed raw materials.

Take 2 tbsp. spoons of the mixture, pour into an enamel saucepan and pour a glass of boiling water. Cover with a lid and heat in a water bath for half an hour.

Cool at room temperature, strain and squeeze out the remaining raw materials. Add the decoction with boiled water to 200 ml. Method of preparation from filter bags.

Take 2 filter bags, place them in a glass or enamel bowl, pour in 100 ml of boiling water, cover with a lid and let sit for half an hour, periodically pressing on the bags with a spoon. Then squeeze out the bags and pour the infusion into a glass, top it up with boiled water to a volume of 100 ml.

Dosage of the drug for children

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

The use of the drug during pregnancy is possible only for strict health reasons in minimal doses and under the supervision of a doctor.

When using the drug during breastfeeding, the baby should be switched to artificial feeding with formula.

Cholisal

Pharmacological group

The drug belongs to the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents used in dentistry.

Release form

The drug is available in the form of a dental gel.

Effect of the drug

The drug has antipyretic, analgesic, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.

Indications for use

Gingivitis.

Stomatitis.

Periodontitis.

Injuries to the oral mucosa.

Pain and inflammation during teething in children.

Damage to the oral mucosa when wearing dentures.

Oral thrush.

Minor operations in the oral cavity.

Lichen planus.

Exudative erythema multiforme (Steven-Johnson syndrome) is a component of combination therapy.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

Side effects

Burning at the site of application of the drug.

Allergic reactions: urticaria, skin itching and rash.

Dosage of the drug for adults

The drug is prescribed as a 1 cm long strip of the drug locally 2-3 times a day before meals and before bedtime. Squeeze a strip of gel onto a clean finger and apply it to the damaged area of ​​the oral mucosa using gentle massaging movements. For periodontal diseases, the gel should be placed in the gum pockets and used as compresses.

Dosage of the drug for children

Children are prescribed a strip of the drug, half a centimeter in length, 2-3 times a day before meals.

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

The use of the drug during pregnancy is possible only for strict health reasons in minimal doses and under the supervision of a doctor.

When using the drug during breastfeeding, the baby should be switched to artificial feeding with formula.

cyprinol

Pharmacological group

The drug belongs to the antibacterial group of fluoroquinolones.

Release form

The drug is available in the form of film-coated tablets and a concentrate for the preparation of a solution for infusion. And also a ready-made solution for infusion..

Effect of the drug

The drug has a bactericidal effect and reduces inflammation.

Indications for use

Gingivitis, stomatitis.

Infections of ENT organs and respiratory tract.

Urinary tract infections.

Infections of the genital area (prostatitis, gonorrhea, adnexitis).

Infections of the digestive system, gall bladder and biliary tract.

Infections of the skin, mucous membranes and soft tissues.

Peritonitis and sepsis.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency - for intravenous administration.

Pseudomembranous colitis - for intravenous administration.

Side effects

Gastrointestinal tract: dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea. Bloating, hepatitis, loss of appetite.

Cardiovascular system: heart rhythm disturbances, hot flashes, decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate.

Nervous system: increased fatigue, trembling of arms and legs, weakness, headache and dizziness, increased intracranial pressure, anxiety, insomnia, nightmare hallucinations, confusion, depression, migraine, fainting.

Impaired vision, taste and smell. Double vision, changes in color vision. Tinnitus and hearing loss.

Blood: decreased levels of eosinophils, leukocytes, platelets. Anemia.

Urinary system: crystals, blood, protein in urine. Impaired urination, nephritis, increased urea levels, urinary retention.

Bones and muscles: arthritis, tendon rupture, muscle and joint pain. Pain and burning at the injection site.

Allergic reactions: urticaria, skin itching and rash, Quincke's edema.

Dosage of the drug for adults

The dosage of the drug is calculated individually in each specific case, depending on the disease, the severity of its course and the patient’s condition.

Dosage of the drug for children

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

The use of the drug during pregnancy is possible only for strict health reasons in minimal doses and under the supervision of a doctor.

When using the drug during breastfeeding, the baby should be switched to artificial feeding with formula.

elekasol

Pharmacological group

The drug belongs to herbal preparations.

Release form

The drug is available in the form of a herbal collection.

Effect of the drug

The drug has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. Stimulates recovery processes.

Indications for use

Dental diseases (gingivitis, stomatitis, lichen planus of the oral mucosa, periodontitis).

Diseases of the respiratory system and ENT organs (tonsillitis, laryngitis, laryngopharyngitis, pharyngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis).

Diseases of the digestive system (enteritis, colitis, chronic gastroduodenitis, enterocolitis).

Skin diseases (rosacea, neurodermatitis, acne vulgaris, microbial eczema).

Urological diseases (pyelonephritis, chronic cystitis, chronic prostatitis, urethritis).

Gynecological diseases (cervicitis, colpitis, conditions after treatment of cervical erosion).

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

Side effects

Gastrointestinal tract: dry mouth, nausea, vomiting.

Allergic reactions: urticaria, skin itching and rash.

Dosage of the drug for adults

Prescribed 1/3 glass orally 3 times a day, half an hour before meals.

Externally used diluted 2-4 times, in the form of irrigation, douching, microenemas, lotions and inhalations.

To prepare a decoction, pour 10 g of raw material into 200 ml of boiling water. Let it brew for one hour, then simmer over low heat for 15 minutes, remove from the heat and leave for another 45 minutes.

To prepare the infusion, pour 10 g of raw material into two glasses of boiling water and let it brew for 2 hours.

For inhalation, use a decoction or infusion in hot or warm undiluted form. Topically used cold. For lotions, an undiluted decoction is used, and for irrigation, rinsing and douching, the decoction is diluted 3-4 times, and the infusion - 2 times.

For microenemas, take 50 ml of undiluted warm decoction or infusion. For acute respiratory diseases, a decoction or infusion can be used simultaneously internally and externally, in the form of inhalations and gargling. The product is used 3-5 times a day for 2-3 weeks. For acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, the infusion or decoction is taken internally and externally for a week in the form of lotions, rinses, and irrigations 2-5 times a day for a week. When treating the digestive system and urinary tract, the decoction is used internally and externally in the form of microenemas.

When treating the skin, the decoction is used undiluted locally - lotions 1-2 times a day, as well as an infusion, it should be taken orally.

In gynecology, decoction and infusion are used internally and externally for a month, in the form of douching, lotions and irrigations.

Dosage of the drug for children

Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation

The use of the drug during pregnancy is possible only for strict health reasons in minimal doses and under the supervision of a doctor.

When using the drug during breastfeeding, the baby should be switched to artificial feeding with formula.

– inflammatory process of the mucous membrane of the gums. It is characterized by swelling and redness of the gums, bleeding when eating and minimal contact, bad breath, and sometimes the occurrence of erosions. With proper oral hygiene and timely treatment, a complete cure occurs. A chronic, recurrent course may occur, leading to the development of periodontitis with subsequent exposure of the necks of the teeth, their loosening and loss.

General information

(Gingivit) is an acute or chronic inflammation of the gums, which occurs quite often. The cause of gingivitis is poor oral hygiene; young people and children during teething are more susceptible to gingivitis.

Causes of gingivitis

The main cause of gingivitis is sticky plaque. It accumulates along the edges of the gums and in places that are difficult to reach for brushing; after 72 hours, the plaque thickens and tartar forms, which cannot be removed with regular teeth brushing.

During puberty and during menstruation, the likelihood of gingivitis increases. Women who take oral contraceptives for a long time are also at risk. Taking immunosuppressants, in particular cyclosporine, and antihypertensive drugs containing nifedipine, as a side effect, provokes the development of hypertrophic gingivitis. These drugs cause hyperplasia of the gum tissue, making it difficult to care for your teeth and remove plaque on a daily basis. The accumulation of plaque and the proliferation of microorganisms contribute to the development of gingivitis.

The endogenous causes of gingivitis are tooth growth. Since a growing tooth injures the gums, catarrhal gingivitis is often diagnosed in children during teething. Lack of vitamin C, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, decreased general and local immunity play a significant role in the pathogenesis of gingivitis. Thus, in people without pathologies, a short-term inability to maintain oral hygiene does not lead to the development of gingivitis.

Exposure to external physical factors such as trauma, burns, radiation and exposure to harsh chemicals on the gums are the most common causes of gingivitis. Bacterial agents cause gingivitis most commonly in children and adults with compromised immune systems.

Recently, iatrogenic factors have played a significant role in the occurrence of gingivitis, when patients with a weak psyche, under the pressure of the information flow about the importance of oral care, discover symptoms of gingivitis. Incorrect behavior by a doctor can also provoke the appearance of gingivitis of a psychogenic nature. Smokers, patients with tartar, and people who eat excessively hot or cold foods are more susceptible to gingivitis.

In children before puberty, immune defense is just being formed, so the presence of foci of chronic infection and dental caries leads to the development of gingivitis. The incidence of gingivitis in children with tuberculosis infection, rheumatism, liver and gallbladder diseases is higher. In diabetes mellitus, the chemical composition of saliva changes and its antibacterial properties decrease. Among people suffering from any form of diabetes, gingivitis occurs in 70% of cases.

Gingivitis rarely develops as an independent disease. Much more often it is a symptom of other diseases of the oral cavity or a consequence of diseases of the internal organs.

Clinical manifestations of gingivitis

In most cases, gingivitis occurs without disruption of the periodontal junction. If the entire gum of the jaw or both jaws is inflamed, then gingivitis has become widespread. But localized gingivitis is more often diagnosed when a small portion of the gum is affected. With limited gingivitis, nearby teeth are also affected. If only the gingival papillae are affected by gingivitis, then papillitis is diagnosed; if the entire gingival margin is affected, they speak of a marginal course of gingivitis.

In acute gingivitis, there are classic manifestations of the inflammatory process - swelling, hyperemia, local increase in tissue temperature, pain and hypersalivation. There is bleeding of the gums, pinpoint hemorrhages, and sometimes with gingivitis there may be ulceration of the gums.

In addition to the phenomena of gingivitis and caries, there is bad breath, accumulation of plaque and tartar. Eating becomes sharply painful. A particularly acute reaction is observed when taking sour, hot and spicy foods. With atrophic gingivitis, gum atrophy occurs. The gum level gradually decreases, the neck of the tooth is exposed, and then its root. Subjectively, it manifests itself only as pain when eating cold or hot food.

The use of drugs that improve local immunity is indicated. After eating, be sure to rinse your mouth with antiseptic solutions and herbal decoctions. Rinsing with non-aggressive compounds, for example, chamomile decoction, can be carried out without restrictions, but it should be kept in mind that for gingivitis, soda solutions and alcohol solutions of medicinal herbs should be used with caution. If pain syndrome is pronounced with gingivitis, then taking analgesics is justified.

Hypertrophic gingivitis often occurs due to improper filling and installation of crowns. Replacing the restorations leads to a complete cure. Gingivitis that occurs during pregnancy or taking medications resolves on its own after childbirth or discontinuation of medications. If tissue hyperplasia is persistent, then gingivectomy with removal of growths is indicated.

The prognosis for gingivitis is favorable, but if left untreated, the process can develop into a deep form - periodontal disease can develop, which can lead to tooth loss.

Good afternoon, dear readers. If you are interested in dental topics, then you will probably be interested in reading this article. Today we will talk about gum disease such as gingivitis. Considering the widespread nature of its distribution and the fact that no one is immune from it, it will be interesting and useful for everyone to read the article.

Firstly, you should know the causes of the disease, and secondly, methods of prevention and treatment. It is equally important to be able to differentiate symptoms from periodontitis, etc.

If gingivitis is not cured, it becomes chronic and can appear at the most unexpected moments. Symptoms arise randomly and until you eliminate all possible causes, it will be extremely difficult to get rid of them. Therefore, oral sanitation and professional teeth cleaning with tartar removal are recommended. It is also worth checking with a gastroenterologist and other specialists.

Causes of gingivitis

Although in most cases symptoms appear in childhood, adolescence and adolescence, people over 30 are not immune from them.

We can go on for a long time about how it’s all to blame for unbrushed teeth. This is partly true, but there are other reasons why people get this gum disease.

There is a division of reasons into general and local. Common ones include:

• immunodeficiencies and other conditions that reduce overall resistance to infection;
• stomatitis can also cause inflammation of the gums (gingivostomatitis) if caused by the herpes virus;
• lack of vitamins;
• genetic predisposition;
• endocrine disorders;
• use of hormonal drugs, including contraceptives;
• problems in the gastrointestinal tract;
• diseases of blood vessels, circulatory system;
• diseases of the heart, liver, kidneys, and other internal organs.

Pregnant women often experience the classic symptoms of red and swollen gums. At the same time, they brush their teeth regularly and have not suffered gum injuries. What's the matter? As is the case with teenagers, gingivitis occurs during pregnancy due to hormonal changes in the body.

If we are talking about gingivitis of an infectious nature, that is, bacterial infections that cause an inflammatory process in a person, then there are no fewer options. Sometimes the process is associated with gum injury, which, if there is a large amount of pathogenic flora in the oral cavity, can lead to the same consequences. Let's not forget. It is not always completely visible.

Gingivitis often results from the appearance of hard deposits covering the subgingival part of the tooth, which is not visible to the naked eye. It can only be removed at the dentist's office.

Basic forms

Now let's talk about what types of diseases there are. The classification of gingivitis is simple and includes:

• catarrhal form;
• hypertrophic form;
• ulcerative/ulcerative-necrotic form.

Catarrhal gingivitis is the most common among the population. Both old and young are sick. But still, according to statistics, the main percentage of patients are of puberty, or under 30 years of age.

It manifests itself differently in patients. Some people complain of enlargement and pain of the interdental papillae, some have affected marginal gums, and in some people the inflammatory process also affects the alveolar part. This is the most dangerous option. Especially if you do not take urgent measures for treatment.

Doctors are afraid of serious consequences, including damage to the periosteum and jaw bone. This is not a joke, but a completely objective reality for those who encounter a similar problem.

The reasons are the same for all forms. This is dental plaque (hard and soft), hormonal causes in children and adolescents, as well as persons suffering from various diseases of the thyroid gland, etc. Plus past infectious diseases that weaken the immune system. Sore throat, flu, common viral infections lead to inflammatory processes.

Often the disease manifests itself in very young children during teething. Any irritant (pressure from solid food, temperature, spicy food, etc.) becomes a source of discomfort and pain. Bleeding gums are also detected, which occurs not only during brushing, but also at random moments.

During examination, you can almost always see soft plaque and tartar on the teeth. It is also not uncommon to see a large number of teeth affected by caries.

If the disease manifests itself in a small child, then, as mentioned above, there is a high probability that his baby teeth are simply cutting. By the way, when changing them to permanent ones, similar phenomena can also occur. In adults, a similar condition occurs when a wisdom tooth is cut.

Gingivitis. I saw it several times in person and was impressed. Symptoms are initially similar to the catarrhal form. But further, the course of the disease leads to an increase in the interdental papillae and the gum itself to unnatural sizes. Very often it affects children and manifests itself in a generalized form, affecting both gums at once. Upon examination, it may seem that the inflammatory process covers only a small part of the gum, but this is not so.

There are three degrees of severity:

• light – the gum covers a third of the tooth crown;
• medium – reaches half of the crown;
• heavy – completely covers the tooth.

The general condition of the patient depends on the severity. The more tissue growth develops, the more difficult it is to eat. It also leads to general weakness and sleep disturbances. The reason for the appearance of such symptoms can be crowding of teeth in the mouth, untreated fillings that hang over the gum and injure it, crowns, braces that cause permanent mechanical damage to the gums.

If the process is generalized, it is worth conducting a series of tests and examinations. It is quite possible that the patient will be diagnosed with diseases of the endocrine system and a lack of vitamin C. Also, symptoms can be caused by various drugs, including diphenine drugs.

By the way, sometimes the appearance of gingivitis in a hypertrophic form helps experienced specialists diagnose other, more dangerous diseases at the initial stage of their development.

Hypertrophic gingivitis - photo

What else should you pay attention to? For example, on your bite. If it is not corrected in youth, with age it begins to cause problems not only of an aesthetic nature. Crowding of the lower teeth and problems with cleaning them lead to inflammatory processes, which may one day cause this disease.

Gingvit. It rarely appears in adults. In any case, this indicates that the patient has reduced immunity. Often as a result of recent infections. The presence of many carious teeth in the oral cavity aggravates the process.

Ulcerative gingivitis is always a complication of catarrhal gingivitis, which for some reason was not treated, or the effectiveness of therapeutic measures was low. Chewing food normally in this state is problematic. The condition is also complicated by general intoxication.

Ulcerative gingivitis - how to protect yourself from the appearance

Atrophic gingivitis. This form is not common and occurs in most cases in children. Among the main reasons are the lack of orthodontic treatment or its incorrect application. It also appears when the frenulum is incorrectly attached or the gingival ligaments are too strong. In such cases, the gum area on the canines (lower) and/or premolars is covered. Pain with atrophic gingivitis can occur when the exposed neck of a tooth comes into contact with cold or hot food.

Signs, symptoms

The main signs of gingivitis in catarrhal form are familiar to everyone:

• redness of the gum edge and interdental papillae;
• swelling of the gums;
• soreness;
• bleeding;
• unpleasant odor/taste in the mouth;
• Some patients have a fever.

Signs of hypertrophic gingivitis. There are two main forms.

1. Granulating, or edematous. It causes significant growth of soft gum tissue. False gum pockets may appear, which confuse young dentists when diagnosing periodontitis. In this case, there are no violations of the dentogingival joints. The smell from the mouth is strong and putrid. Chewing becomes very difficult due to the enlargement of the gums and overhanging the crown of the tooth.
2. The fibrous form is less unpleasant in terms of symptoms and sensations for the patient. First of all, there are no big false pockets. Secondly, the papillae and the gums themselves increase much less pronounced. No bleeding. In moderate and severe cases, the gums grow, but with less dangerous consequences.

Hypertrophic gingivitis - fibrous form

Signs of ulcerative gingivitis:

• soreness, general discomfort;
• the appearance of itching in the gums;
• redness and swelling of the gums. Then the cyanosis of the gingival margin appears;
• bleeding

Further, in the moderate and severe stages, areas of ulceration and a gray or green coating appear. Saliva becomes more viscous. A persistent, unpleasant odor appears from the mouth, which does not disappear after brushing your teeth with mint pastes.

Diagnostic methods

In most cases, diagnosing gingivitis does not cause significant difficulties for a specialist. An examination almost always reveals plaque and tartar, including subgingival tartar, and food debris stuck between the teeth. Therefore, the hygiene index is directly related to the severity of the disease. Also characteristic are forms of inflammation, swelling of the gums, and interdental papillae.

An interesting fact is that pigmentation along the edge of the gums may be characteristic of some nationalities. Ignorance of this information often leads to a false diagnosis.

1. If bleeding from the gums is detected or the patient complains of this symptom, there is also a high probability that the diagnosis will be one of the forms of gingivitis.
2. The volume and composition of gingival fluid increases.
3. The Schiller-Pisarev test is positive.
4. X-ray examination does not reveal periodontal pathologies.

Prevention

Prevention of gingivitis is also extremely important. High-quality teeth cleaning using toothpastes, floss, removing tartar and maintaining immunity will help protect yourself from this disease. It is also necessary to normalize the mineral balance, conduct a course of vitamin therapy, use agents that stimulate the immune system, maintain normal metabolism and hormonal levels.

Hygiene products

How to treat

As such, treatment of patients of different ages should be considered separately. After all, many drugs that can be prescribed to a thirty-year-old man are contraindicated for a two-year-old child.

1. Often, in addition to drug treatment, consultation with an orthodontist and orthopedist is required. If the cause is anatomical, then it will need to be eliminated. Fillings that injure the gums are ground, crowns can be replaced, and the least traumatic means of bite correction are selected.
2. It is also important to cure all carious and decayed teeth, remove plaque and stone.
3. The next stage is the elimination of the inflammatory process and the use of antiseptics. For this purpose, chlorhexidine, furatsilin, and other available and inexpensive agents are used. It is important to determine which pathogenic microorganisms cause the process in order to select suitable drugs. Physiotherapeutic treatment is also very useful.

In a complex of treatment and preventive measures, the following may be prescribed:

• electrophoresis;
• UV therapy;
• laser;
• phonophoresis (dioxidine, heparin) to normalize microcirculation in the gums.

In adults

When treating gingivitis in adult patients, it is important to rule out common causes. You will have to undergo a full examination in order to discover the underlying cause. Treatment of chronic diseases will eliminate the increased risk of relapse.

In the hypertrophic form, surgery may be required to remove tissue. Decongestants, injections into the gingival papillae of hypertonic solutions, steroid hormones, etc. are also used.

Are you wondering how to treat gingivitis at home? When you visit a dentist, he will advise you on what you can buy. The simplest pharmaceutical products, such as gel, acetylsalicylic and butadione ointments, are of great help. They are inexpensive, but have a noticeable effect, helping to eliminate unpleasant symptoms. It will be useful to rinse your mouth or make baths with St. John's wort, eucalyptus, chamomile or sage. But keep in mind that with their regular use, pigmentation appears on the teeth.

Video - Gingivitis - definition, causes, symptoms

Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums caused by mechanical, chemical, and infectious factors. Often accompanied by swelling and bleeding. In many cases, gingivitis is a warning sign of periodontal disease. According to statistics, teenagers, adults under thirty years of age and pregnant women are most often affected. In the latter category, the disease appears due to hormonal changes. In the absence of the necessary treatment, the pathology leads to more serious consequences - even tooth loss.

Reasons for development

The onset of gingivitis development occurs under the influence of many factors:

• lack of regular oral care – leads to the appearance of microorganisms on the teeth (the most common reason);
• unprofessional dental treatment;
• injuries, burns, tooth growth;
• hormonal dysfunctions, lack of vitamins;
• disturbances in the functioning of the endocrine system, gastrointestinal tract;
• immunodeficiency.

The appearance of gingivitis can be a consequence of the development of other diseases, for example, allergies, diabetes, herpes.

Types and forms of the disease

This type of pathology has several forms, which depend on the course of the disease and its stage, timely treatment:

• Catarrhal (generalized) gingivitis. A common form, more common in childhood. Accompanied by bleeding and itching. Easier to treat than other types. An advanced stage of the disease can cause purulent gingivitis.
• Ulcerative necrotic gingivitis (Vincent). The process of inflammation occurs along with the appearance of ulcerations on the mucous membrane and the formation of areas of necrosis.
• Hypertrophic gingivitis. Often develops in the anterior region of the jaw. Accompanied by the growth of mucous membrane, which is removed surgically. The extreme form is fibrous gingivitis.
• Atrophic gingivitis. The roots of the teeth are exposed as the gum volume decreases.

The disease is classified according to severity: mild, moderate and severe. Gingivitis is divided into acute and chronic forms.

Chronic gingivitis manifests itself in the form of redness and swelling of the gums. Most common in children and the elderly. Pathogenic microflora accumulates in dental plaque, destroying gum tissue. The course of chronic gingivitis occurs in a mild form, with a mild inflammatory process. Gum disease can occur in mild, moderate and severe forms.

The acute form of gingivitis is accompanied by inflammation of the mucous membrane with redness of the soft tissues around the teeth. Dental pockets and deposits form, and painful sensations appear when eating. The gums are red and begin to bleed when touched. Acute catarrhal gingivitis is accompanied by swelling and hyperemia of the gums.

Gingivitis in children

The cause of the development of childhood gingivitis is the emergence and spread of dental plaque microflora. Statistics show that dental disease occurs in children aged two to four years in 2% of cases, and in older ages the percentage is much higher. Why is the risk of disease high from an early age? In childhood, active biological processes occur in tissues: various changes, tooth loss and growth, hormonal changes. All these cycles are the basis for the development of gingivitis. Pathology can develop from malocclusion or wearing special devices for straightening teeth. Also a common factor in the appearance of gingivitis in childhood is a complication of stomatitis. The disease itself can be caused by various viruses. Viral dental gingivitis manifests itself in an increase in the mucous membrane and the formation of ulcers in the oral cavity. Gingivitis in children under one year of age can be caused by an infection that comes from dirty hands or toys that the baby puts in his mouth. Pathology at such an early age is rare in children, since for the most part parents try to maintain cleanliness and monitor the child’s hygiene. Thus, there are many reasons for the occurrence of gingivitis in childhood. By the age of 13, the incidence rate reaches high levels.

The first sign of the disease is redness of the gums. The child becomes restless and digestion is disrupted. Swelling, pain and bleeding of the gums are observed with catarrhal gingivitis. If this process is not detected in a child in time, this will lead to the development of a more severe form - ulcerative gingivitis. This is the most serious disease, accompanied by bad breath, changes in the structure of the gums, pale skin, and malaise. The occurrence of an inflammatory process will be indicated by an increased body temperature of the child. In this case, you cannot do without the participation of a doctor.

Gingivitis in adults

Infectious and allergic gingivitis is most relevant for the adult group of people. Often in adults, the disease manifests itself from exposure to traumatic factors:

• alcohol abuse, smoking;
• development of vitamin deficiency, allergies and other diseases;
• eating disorders;
• weakening of the immune system.

The patient’s first priority is to contact a clinic for an accurate diagnosis of the disease, since the symptoms of gingivitis are similar to a number of other inflammatory pathologies. Detecting the disease at an early stage will prevent its spread and facilitate rapid treatment.

A group of people with weakened immune systems: pregnant women, HIV-infected people, diabetics are especially prone to getting sick. Women during pregnancy and lactation regularly experience problems with their teeth, which can cause inflammatory processes. Due to changes in hormonal levels, the immune system weakens, the risk of infection increases, and the gums are injured when eating solid foods. Thus, the risk of developing traumatic gingivitis is increased.

People with diabetes are prone to developing gingivitis. The course of the disease leads to the destruction of many organs and tissues. The tissues of the oral cavity also suffer. The appearance of gingivitis worsens the patient’s condition, so it is extremely important to monitor the condition of the gums and teeth in diabetes mellitus.

Is gingivitis contagious?

To date, no evidence has been found that the disease is contagious. Whether gingivitis can be transmitted from a person, through utensils, personal contact has not been confirmed.

Which doctors should I contact?

If you notice the first signs of the disease, you should contact your dentist or periodontist. The doctor will conduct diagnostics, palpation and percussion if necessary. Prescribe treatment to eliminate predisposing factors for the development of gingivitis. At an advanced stage of the disease, surgical intervention may be performed.

Symptoms

In general, the symptoms of gingivitis in adults and children are very similar to the symptoms of periodontitis. Patients also experience redness of the gums. They swell, hurt and increase significantly in size. Often, patients complain of bleeding gums after they have performed any manipulations with their teeth, for example, brushing them or chewing hard food.

In some cases, you may experience discomfort, burning, itching, or even pain with gingivitis, which usually occurs while eating.

The symptoms of gingivitis are most pronounced in adolescents and pregnant women, since during these periods the development of the inflammatory process can also be influenced by hormonal changes.

These are the main symptoms of gingivitis, which are noted by almost all patients. However, the signs of gingivitis may vary slightly depending on the form in which patients have the disease.

Acute catarrhal gingivitis

With this form of pathology, patients complain of burning and itching in the area of ​​the affected gums. With gingivitis, bad breath, especially if the disease is in acute form, is not uncommon. In some patients, taste preferences change in an abnormal direction (for example, you may want to eat soap or chalk). During oral hygiene, the toothpaste foam may acquire a pink tint, which is associated with pathological bleeding of the gums.

With catarrhal gingivitis, transitioning from chronic to acute, patients may experience severe pain while eating even soft food. When brushing teeth, the patient may feel a burning sensation due to severe irritation of the mucous membrane by the chemical.

Catarrhal gingivitis has virtually no effect on the general condition of the patient. Only in advanced cases may patients notice weakness. The temperature with gingivitis can rise to a maximum of 38 degrees.

Symptoms of acute gingivitis most often occur in young children during teething or the replacement of milk teeth with permanent ones. However, this type of gingivitis can also accompany some infectious diseases, as well as diseases associated with central nervous system disorders.

Chronic catarrhal gingivitis

Chronic catarrhal gingivitis usually has a long course with mild symptoms. In this case, inflammation can affect only the gingival papillae, or it can spread to the entire area of ​​the gum.

On examination, such patients experience swelling and increased size of the gums. It acquires a reddish-bluish color and thickens. In some areas, erosions may form that begin to bleed when touched.

At the same time, the integrity of the dentogingival connection is preserved. This often indicates the presence of periodontal pockets.

Upon examination, you can also see a large amount of plaque on the enamel. This is due to the fact that patients avoid brushing their teeth, fearing unpleasant sensations. In some cases, this plaque may be stained with blood or stained with food containing a large amount of dye.

Hard green plaque is often found in the cervical area.

Catarrhal gingivitis does not affect the general well-being of the patient in any way. Blood tests are within normal limits. Pathological changes in bone tissue are also not observed on the x-ray.

Hypertrophic gingivitis

Hypertrophic gingivitis is a chronic form of the disease, which is accompanied by productive changes. As a rule, in children, this type of gingivitis spreads to certain areas of the gums, although it may seem that the disease has affected the entire area of ​​​​the gums. Most often, hypertrophic gingivitis can be found in areas with pathological changes in the bite, in areas that bear heavy chewing load, as well as in the incisor area.

Based on the nature of pathological changes in the gums, hypertrophic gingivitis is divided into inflammatory and fibrous. According to the location, gingivitis is divided into generalized and localized.

Localized gingivitis usually develops in patients whose gums have been damaged during dental treatment. Generalized gingivitis occurs in adolescents: as a result of hormonal changes, vitamin deficiencies, diseases of the circulatory system, or while taking medications.

With hypertrophic gingivitis, severe changes occur in the gum papillae. They swell, increase in size, become loose, and their edges are uneven. In some cases, the papillae become so large that they completely cover the dental crown and are therefore injured when chewing.

Edema gingivitis

With edematous gingivitis, patients experience severe overgrowth of gum tissue. They turn red and itch. Often patients in this case note the appearance of an unpleasant odor from the oral cavity. Gums affected by gingivitis may bleed and hurt, especially when eating.

Due to pathological growth of the gums, patients may develop false gum pockets, from which white, cloudy liquid periodically emerges.

There is a large amount of brightly colored plaque on the teeth near the gums, which is difficult to remove. Necrotic phenomena may occur on the upper parts of enlarged gingival papillae.

Fibrous hypertrophic gingivitis

This form of the disease in patients is relatively mild. Patients do not make any complaints, and if something bothers them, it is only the abnormal appearance of the gums.

In this case, the gums become greatly enlarged, but at the same time they fit tightly to the tooth and practically do not bleed.

Ulcerative gingivitis

Typically, acute symptoms of gingivitis in children appear after unsuccessful treatment of the catarrhal form of the disease. In this case, the signs of catarrhal gingivitis are accompanied by the presence of ulcerations, erosions and foci of necrosis on the gums. A thick layer of greenish plaque appears on the tongue, gums and teeth. Saliva becomes viscous.

If a child has ulcerative gingivitis, he usually complains of feeling unwell. He eats poorly and is capricious. In some cases, ulcerative gingivitis may be accompanied by signs of severe intoxication. With this form of gingivitis, the lymph nodes may become slightly enlarged.

Usually, the presence of ulcerative gingivitis indicates serious problems with the patient’s immunity. As a rule, symptoms of ulcerative gingivitis occur after hypothermia or previous infectious diseases.

Atrophic gingivitis

This type of gingivitis usually occurs after improper gum treatment. With this form of the disease, in the initial stages, atrophy of the marginal gum occurs, after which the process moves to the bone of the socket. The exposed neck of the tooth has a normal color and shine.

In the area of ​​the palate, atrophic changes in the gums are much less pronounced. The color of the gums does not change with this type of disease. The pathology does not cause discomfort to the patient. The only thing patients can complain about in this case is discomfort in the area of ​​the affected gums when exposed to temperature stimuli.

Diagnostics

Gingivitis is an inflammatory process in the gums.

Diagnosis of gingivitis is made on the basis of data obtained using clinical and additional research techniques. These include interviewing the patient and examining him. The survey is necessary to find out the reason for seeking an appointment, the duration and probable cause of the disease, its characteristics, the reason for the absence of other teeth, the conduct and results of treatment of dental diseases.

Anamnesis is of great importance, including past and existing diseases, therapeutic methods used and possible connections with periodontal pathology. It is worth familiarizing yourself with the diet, level of oral care skills, existing bad habits and dental diseases of close relatives.

An examination of the oral cavity allows you to determine the condition of the teeth, the edges of the gums, the frenulum of the tongue, the mucous membrane, the presence of tartar or plaque, the appearance and condition of dentures.

The parameters of the periodontal canal are measured with a special probe. The type and size of the exudate are determined visually or using special strips with iodolol. The degree of tooth mobility is determined by dental tweezers. To examine the pulp, electroodontometry is used to determine the degree of sensitivity to irritation by electric current. Its decrease indicates developing pulp pathology.

Also used to diagnose gingivitis are the Schiller-Pisarev test, the Kulazhenko technique, the periodontal index PMA-index, and the Fedorov-Volodkina hygiene index.

X-ray examination is used to determine the condition of bone tissue. It includes panoramic X-ray or orthopantomography. When shooting indoors, at least 8-10 shots are taken. In some cases, inflammation of the tissues surrounding the tooth, visible in the image, is a sign of long-term pathology.

Signs of gingivitis

Signs of gingivitis are determined depending on the type of disease. Diagnosis of catarrhal gingivitis reveals bleeding gums, a large layer of soft plaque and pockets of tartar in the complete absence of periodontal pockets.

Hypertrophic gingivitis is characterized by an increase in gingival papillae. Swelling, bleeding and the formation of false periodontal canals are observed.

Ulcerative gingivitis is diagnosed by the presence of necrotic lesions (ulcers) on the gingival papillae or on the gum margin. There is an unpleasant odor and enlarged lymph nodes.

Types of changes

With the development of gingivitis, 3 types of changes are distinguished:

• The inflammatory nature of the pathology, large areas of osteoporosis, local destruction of bone tissue with the opening of roots to varying degrees of spread (bone abscess). Fuzzy boundaries of inflammation, areas of patchy osteoporosis and destruction of cortical plates are the leading signs of gingivitis. The last sign indicates the spread of the disease inside. The bone structure of the jaw is stable. All of these processes are located within the boundaries of the alveolar processes of the jaw and are a sign of periodontitis (inflammation of the tissues surrounding the teeth).
• A structural restructuring of the jaw with further compaction and sclerosis is observed. Spongy and cortical bone are practically the same. The structure of the cortical plate is partially changed, and the height of the interalveolar septa decreases. Sclerotic pathologies of the jaw bone can be caused by the development of a destructive process associated with senile pathologies, structural features and dysfunction of periodontal tissues.
• Mixed version of changes. In this case, periodontal inflammatory processes develop against the background of an altered bone structure of the jaw.

In some cases, it is necessary to conduct laboratory tests of blood biochemistry for the level of sugar, phosphorus or calcium. The general health condition of the patient is of great importance for diagnosing gingivitis.

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis of gingivitis is a study that excludes diseases that are not suitable due to the cause of occurrence or signs of the existing clinical picture. The differences between gingivitis and other inflammatory diseases are revealed. Differential diagnosis of periodontal pathologies determines the patient’s treatment parameters, the time of re-examination, and much more. This study is carried out to compare different forms of the same disease or pathologies with the same symptoms. The main difference between gingivitis and other diseases is that the inflammation affects only the gum tissue. The process does not apply to the muscles and tissues of the jaw bone. There is also no mobility of teeth, protrusion of roots, formation of periodontal pockets and resorption of bone tissue.

To determine the stage of periodontitis, the size of alveolar bone resorption is taken into account. Sometimes differential diagnosis is required to determine periodontal disease with a focus of inflammation or a chronic form of periodontitis. Periodontal disease also resembles age-related periodontal pathologies. Similar signs include receding gum margins, tooth mobility, and destruction of bone tissue. Differences include selective tooth mobility, which occurs with periodontal disease and tooth wear in old age.

X-ray examination in elderly people reveals compaction of the cortical layer of the interdental septa, widening of the periodontal fissure and the occurrence of cement thickening on the tooth root. Differential diagnosis during the period of remission is based on anamnesis, radiographic materials and the results of clinical observation.

Differential diagnosis of gingivitis makes it possible to distinguish this group of diseases from the probable manifestation of symptoms of various diseases - tuberculosis, actinomycosis, syphilis and many others.

Treatment

Treatment of gingivitis depends entirely on the exact form in which the patient has the disease. Each form of pathology requires a special individual approach.

According to statistics, about 90% of patients come to see a dentist because they did not prevent periodontitis and gingivitis, and they developed pathological bleeding gums and tooth mobility. Therefore, it is very important to promptly prevent and treat gingivitis in children and adults.

Therapy for catarrhal form

The reason for the development of catarrhal gingivitis is the formation of a thick layer of plaque on the teeth, consisting of various bacteria. Therefore, treatment of gum gingivitis in this case should be aimed primarily at eliminating the cause of the pathology.

The patient can endlessly use various ointments, sprays, gels and rinses that have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, but upon completion of the treatment process, the symptoms of the disease will still return.

Therefore, in order to eliminate gingivitis once and for all, you first need to get rid of plaque.

This procedure can be performed in any clinic that has a dentist. But you can use various anti-inflammatory and antibacterial medications at home after consulting a doctor. Only he will tell you exactly how to treat gingivitis in this case.

Stages of treatment for gingivitis

It is impossible to cure gingivitis without eliminating the cause of the disease (plaque). It can be removed by a dentist using an ultrasound machine.

After the main layer of plaque is removed, the teeth will become rough, as tiny particles of tartar and a thin layer of deposits remain on them. Therefore, after removing plaque, dentists polish the teeth using a special device and medicated toothpaste.

If this point is ignored, then after a couple of weeks the patient will again come to the doctor with the same complaints. This is due to the fact that bacteria are retained on the rough surface and, accordingly, the amount of plaque quickly increases.

In case of mild disease, the dentist can perform 1 teeth cleaning, while in advanced cases several procedures may be necessary.

As a rule, the result after this procedure is almost immediate.

Anti-inflammatory treatment

After removing the plaque, doctors are required to prescribe anti-inflammatory therapy to their patients. This point is especially important if the patient has severe swelling of the gums, its soreness, cyanosis and bleeding. If a patient is diagnosed with gingivitis, he can carry out treatment independently with drugs prescribed by the doctor. In case of periodontitis, the patient will need the help of a dentist, since in this case it is necessary to rinse the gum pockets.

At home, to treat gingivitis, a patient can:

• rinse the mouth with antiseptic solutions;
• apply anti-inflammatory medications to the affected areas;
• use special toothpastes.

Sanitation of the oral cavity

The presence of carious teeth in the oral cavity is the strongest source of infection. For this reason, immediately after removing plaque from the teeth and carrying out anti-inflammatory therapy, doctors recommend treating all teeth affected by caries. Thus, the risk of re-developing gingivitis will be reduced many times.

Learning how to brush your teeth correctly

It is important to note that curing gingivitis is half the battle. If the patient does not adhere to the rules of hygiene or does not perform oral hygiene correctly, then gingivitis will return sooner or later. The dentist will tell the individual patient how to properly care for their teeth.

Therapy for ulcerative gingivitis

Ulcerative gingivitis occurs if adequate treatment of catarrhal gingivitis was not carried out in a timely manner. Only a dentist can treat ulcerative gingivitis. In addition to the above procedures, most likely, treatment of ulcerative gingivitis will also require surgical eruption of gingivitis, as well as the use of antibacterial (drugs of the penicillin and tetracycline group) and anti-inflammatory drugs, the use of sorbents and drugs that stimulate mucosal healing. To relieve pain, patients are allowed to use ibuprofen, ketanov and paracetamol.

Therapy for hypertrophic gingivitis

Hypertrophic gingivitis can be edematous and fibrous. Therefore, the treatment of hypertrophic gingivitis may be different.

Since edematous gingivitis most often occurs due to hormonal disorders in the body, first of all you need to do everything to eliminate them. In addition, it is also necessary to remove plaque and treat gum gingivitis with anti-inflammatory drugs.

If these measures do not help, dentists inject sclerosing medications into the hypertrophied gum papillae.

The course of treatment with injections is selected by the doctor based on the nature of the disease. Most often it consists of 3-4 injections, which are given every 2-3 days.

Therapy for fibrous gingivitis

Fibrous gingivitis most often occurs as a result of exposure to a traumatic factor on the gums (for example, an overhanging crown). Therefore, first of all, treatment of gum gingivitis should be aimed at eliminating this factor.

After this, the dentist removes plaque and prescribes anti-inflammatory medications.

Treatment of fibrous gingivitis is almost never complete without surgical excision of the affected gum tissue. Modern dentists use laser to treat fibrous gingivitis. By applying high temperatures, the doctor destroys the affected tissue, prevents infection and performs coagulation of blood vessels at the same time.

Gingivitis therapy at home

It is possible to treat gingivitis at home, however, the entire process must be supervised by a dentist. The main therapeutic measures in this case should also be carried out by a doctor, for example, removing plaque from teeth with catarrhal gingivitis and polishing them.

Unfortunately, patients often self-medicate and try to eliminate the symptoms of pathology to no avail, while ignoring its causes.

At home, doctors recommend treating gum gingivitis with folk remedies. For this purpose, rinsing of oral gingivitis with decoctions of linden flowers, chamomile, eucalyptus, oregano or sage is most often prescribed. It is important to note that these products can cause dark plaque to form on the teeth. Therefore, it is better to use homeopathic medicines based on these plants for gingivitis.

Vitamins A, C and E will also be of great benefit in treating the disease.

However, such treatment should be exclusively auxiliary and in no case the main one. It should only be carried out on the recommendation of the attending physician. This is especially important when treating gingivitis in pregnant women.

With timely diagnosis and treatment, there are practically no complications with gingivitis, since the periodontal pockets in this pathology remain intact.

Medicines

After the doctor removes plaque and tartar from the tooth, he usually prescribes the patient treatment for gingivitis with drugs that have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and tissue regeneration properties.

Doctors can prescribe these drugs in the form of gels, ointments, creams, and so on. The choice of medication and its form is made by the dentist depending on the severity of the disease and the nature of its course.

It is worth noting that the use of medications should be carried out only after sanitation of the oral cavity. In addition, the dentist must eliminate the underlying cause of the disease. So, in case of hormonal disorders, he can prescribe hormonal medications or, for example, vitamins for gingivitis, indicated for vitamin deficiency.

Otherwise, the patient will remove the symptoms of the pathology, but will not eliminate its causes.

Therefore, you should not self-medicate. Only a dentist knows for sure how to treat gingivitis in adults and how to treat it in children.

Lincomycin

Lincomycin has been used for gingivitis for several days now. It has a negative effect on gram-positive bacteria, resulting in their death.

On the pharmaceutical market, lincomycin is presented in the form of self-adhesive film, tablets, ointments and injection solutions. Lincomycin for gingivitis is usually used in the first three forms. Treatment of gingivitis with this antibiotic can quickly stop the formation of pus.

This drug accumulates in bone tissue and therefore can prevent the development of many complications. In addition, the body’s addiction to it develops very slowly (unlike other antibiotics). In dentistry, its use is often combined with the use of lidocaine (an anesthetic).

Any antibiotics for gingivitis (including lincomycin) should be prescribed exclusively by a doctor, since if used incorrectly, the patient may experience the following phenomena:

• changes in blood composition;
• disruption of the digestive system;
• swelling;
• skin rashes;
• allergic reactions up to anaphylactic shock.

Lincomycin-based ointment for gingivitis is strictly contraindicated for pregnant women, patients with liver and kidney diseases, and those with individual intolerance to the components of the drug. This medicine is not recommended to be combined with other antibiotics and alcohol intake. Before giving antibiotics to children for gingivitis, you should also consult a doctor. It is especially important to do this if the patient decides to take pills for gingivitis.

Metrogyl denta

Metrogyl denta is one of the favorite medicines of dentists. It has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. It is recommended to apply it to the edge of the gums bordering the dental tissue, as well as to the dental papillae in the morning and evening. After using the medicine, you can drink liquid, but you should avoid eating for 3 hours. The duration of taking this drug is chosen by the dentist. Metrogyl denta can be used for gingivitis in children starting from 6 years of age.

Toothpastes

As a preventive measure, as well as for treatment, dentists recommend using special toothpastes for gingivitis. Most often, doctors prescribe Lakalut and Paradontax pastes for gingivitis. The latter contains extracts of medicinal herbs and salt minerals. That is why it has a slightly salty taste.

Thanks to their composition, toothpastes can effectively eliminate swelling, bleeding and inflammation of the gums. However, doctors do not recommend using such pastes for too long. Ideally, after using 1-2 tubes, the patient should switch to toothpastes containing a large amount of fluoride.

Solcoseryl

Solcoseryl is a medicine that doctors prescribe to patients for erosive, ulcerative and inflammatory lesions of the gums. Solcoseryl for gingivitis should be applied directly to the affected area. Solcoseryl is available in the form of ointment and toothpaste. It is worth noting that ointment is not recommended for the treatment of gingivitis. After application, the medicine envelops the gums and thus has a therapeutic and protective effect at the same time.

Before using the product, you should consult your doctor.

Holisal

Cholisal is another drug that is actively used against gingivitis and similar diseases. This product has an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect. It is produced in the form of a gel.

This gel for gums for gingivitis does not contain genetic modifications, sugar or toxic substances. Therefore, in most cases it is easily tolerated by patients and does not have an irritating effect.

Patients notice an analgesic effect within 2-3 minutes after using the gel. This effect lasts for 3-4 hours.

As a rule, dentists recommend using Cholisal for gingivitis after meals before bed. It can be either rubbed into the gums or made into compresses. The method of application in this case must be chosen by the dentist.

Cholisal is well tolerated by patients and is sold in pharmacies without a doctor's prescription. The drug for gingivitis is not recommended for use by pregnant women, as well as patients with intolerance to the components of the drug. Before treating gingivitis in children with cholisal, you should consult your doctor.

Side effects of the drug include allergic reactions. In case of an overdose of the drug, patients complain of noise in the head, dizziness, nausea, and increased sweating. If a significant amount of medication enters the esophagus, it is recommended to perform gastric lavage with manganese.

Malavit

Malavit is a nuropathic remedy for gingivitis, made from plant materials. As a rule, it is used to eliminate inflammation in combination with medications or to prevent inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity.

To achieve a noticeable effect, it takes a long time to use the remedy for the treatment of gingivitis.

Malavit for gingivitis is used for rinsing and creating applications.

Chlorhexidine

Chlorhexidine is another gingivitis medication that comes in the form of bigluconate. Chlorhexidine has a powerful anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antibacterial effect for gingivitis. Thanks to this remedy, the patient can prevent the spread of infection to healthy tissue.

This product is available in the form of glue, cream, aerosols, solutions and suppositories. Suppositories are not used to treat gingivitis. Everything else can be safely used after consulting a doctor. In dentistry, it has gained particular popularity due to its long-lasting effect. Since after use the medicine envelops the gums and prevents the development of pathogenic bacteria on them.

However, like any medicine, chlorhexidine has some contraindications, including:

• pregnancy and lactation;
• childhood;
• individual intolerance to the drug.

Side effects from the medicine usually occur if the patient uses it too long and too often. In this case, patients complained of loss of taste, irritation of the mucous membranes, as well as changes in the color of enamel and fillings. Therefore, before rinsing your mouth with chlorhexidine for gingivitis, you need to consult a specialist.

Miramistin

Miramistin is the closest analogue of chlorhexidine. It also has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. However, unlike chlorhexidine, miramistin has a milder effect on gingivitis and can affect both bacteria and viruses.

Folk remedies

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the gums can provoke a common disease - gingivitis. Appears as a result of poor oral hygiene, lack of vitamins, and abuse of bad habits. The spread of bacteria on the surface of teeth can lead to more serious consequences: periodontal disease, tooth loss. You can prevent the appearance of gingivitis by following basic rules: brush your teeth regularly, do not abuse alcohol and smoking, and visit the dentist in a timely manner. If a person has already developed an illness, treatment begins with a visit to the doctor. Traditional medicine is effective in identifying, preventing and treating the disease. The dentist removes plaque from the patient, conducts anti-inflammatory therapy, and prescribes treatment.

How to treat gingivitis at home

Treatment of gingivitis in the traditional way is very effective, but traditional medicine is also practiced quite successfully. Such methods are used as additional ones; it is advisable to consult a doctor. Fighting the disease with folk remedies helps get rid of discomfort in the oral cavity, reduce bleeding and relieve inflammation of the gums. Traditional methods of treating gingivitis include: rinsing with decoctions of herbs, berries, and using lotions.

The most common method of treating the disease is a decoction of oak bark. The recipe is simple: combine one spoon of dry mixture and 1 glass of boiling water in a saucepan and cover with a lid. Place the mixture in a water bath and keep for 15-20 minutes. Then strain the broth into a glass and add water until the full volume is obtained. Rinse the mouth with this decoction twice daily for a week. Oak bark is very useful for gingivitis and has an antiseptic effect. A warm herbal decoction can be prepared from calendula: 1 tbsp. l. dried flowers and sea buckthorn are mixed, pour 400 g. water. The mixture is placed on the fire and brought to a boil for 20 minutes. The broth is filtered. You need to rinse your mouth with the prepared decoction at least 3 times every day for a week.

A mixture of chamomile and sage works well against swelling of the gums. One spoonful of dried flowers is poured into 0.5 liters of hot water and brought to a boil. Boil for one minute and turn off the heat. Then the broth is infused for 15 minutes. An infusion of herbs is used to rinse the mouth. The liquid is taken into the mouth and held for up to 5 minutes, then spat out. Use the entire decoction and repeat this three times a day.

A soda solution helps relieve pain. For gingivitis, soda is used in the following way: it is mixed with a small amount of water and applied along the gums. Then the teeth are cleaned with a toothbrush. Baking soda helps eliminate unpleasant odors, polishes teeth and removes food debris. Iodine will also help cope with pain. Acts as an antiseptic and disinfects the gum area. Helps fight fungus and bacteria. A few drops of iodine are applied to a piece of cotton wool. The poultice is applied to the inflammatory area. The effect of iodine occurs in a matter of minutes.

Oils and massage for gingivitis

Treatment of gingivitis at home involves not only rinsing with herbal decoctions, but also massaging the gums. This method of treatment improves blood circulation, preventing gums from loosening. The massage is performed in the following way: the upper or lower gums are grasped on both sides with two fingers. Perform circular movements from right to left, then vice versa. The most beneficial effect is provided by massage using essential oils. Before the procedure, one drop of essential oil (tea tree, fir, eucalyptus) is applied to the fingertips. Then they begin to massage the gums, which lasts about ten minutes. There is no need to rinse your mouth after the procedure.

Sea buckthorn oil is effective as a lotion and has healing and anti-inflammatory properties. Apply a few drops of sea buckthorn oil to a piece of sterile gauze and apply to the gums for an hour. Repeat the procedure once a day.

The use of folk remedies for gingivitis, in combination with taking medications prescribed by a doctor, will help get rid of the disease in a short time. In any case, it is recommended to consult a specialist and choose the appropriate treatment method. Ways to prevent the disease will help avoid the development of the disease. Following the dentist's recommendations, regular sanitation of the oral cavity, rinsing with antiseptics - all these actions will help you forget about gingivitis forever.

The information is for reference only and is not a guide to action. Do not self-medicate. At the first symptoms of the disease, consult a doctor.