Dosage forms
solution for injection 1%, solution for intravenous and intramuscular injection 10mg/ml, solution for injection 10mg/ml
Manufacturers
indeterminate company (Russia), ICN Oktyabr (Russia), ICN Polipharm (Russia), Allergen Stavropol (Russia), Belvitamins (Russia), Belgorodvitamins (Russia), Belmedpreparaty (Belarus), Biomed (Russia), Biosynthesis ( Russia) , Health to the People (Ukraine), Immunopreparat (Russia), Microgen N
Pharmgroup
H1-histamine receptor blockers
International non-proprietary name
Diphenhydramine
Vacation order
Released by prescription
Synonyms
Allergin, Dimedrol-Vial, Dimedrol-UBF, Dimedrol-UVI, Diphenhydramine hydrochloride
Compound
The active substance is diphenhydramine.
pharmachologic effect
Pharmacological action - antihistamine, antiallergic, anticholinergic, antiemetic, sedative, hypnotic, local anesthetic. Blocks histamine H1 receptors and eliminates the effects of histamine mediated through this type of receptor. Reduces or prevents histamine-induced spasms of smooth muscles, increased capillary permeability, tissue swelling, itching and hyperemia. It causes local anesthesia, has an antispasmodic effect, blocks the cholinergic receptors of the autonomic ganglia (lowers blood pressure). It blocks H3-histamine receptors in the brain and inhibits central cholinergic structures. It has a sedative, hypnotic and antiemetic effect. It is more effective in bronchospasm caused by histamine liberators (tubocurarine, morphine, sombrevin) and, to a lesser extent, in allergic bronchospasm. When taken orally, it is rapidly and well absorbed. Most of it is metabolized in the liver, a smaller part is excreted unchanged in the urine. It is well distributed in the body, passes through the BBB. Excreted in milk and may cause sedation in infants. The maximum activity develops after 1 hour, the duration of action is from 4 to 6 hours.
Indications for use
Urticaria, hay fever, vasomotor rhinitis, itchy dermatoses, acute iridocyclitis, allergic conjunctivitis, angioedema, capillarotoxicosis, serum sickness, allergic complications during drug therapy, blood transfusion and blood-substituting fluids; complex therapy of anaphylactic shock, radiation sickness, bronchial asthma, gastric ulcer and hyperacid gastritis; colds, sleep disturbances, premedication, extensive injuries of the skin and soft tissues (burns, crush injuries); parkinsonism, chorea, sea and air sickness, vomiting, incl. during pregnancy, Meniere's syndrome; local anesthesia in patients with a history of allergic reactions to local anesthetic drugs.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, breastfeeding, children's age (newborn period and prematurity). Restrictions on use: Angle-closure glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, stenosing gastric and duodenal ulcer, pyloroduodenal obstruction, bladder neck stenosis, pregnancy.
Side effect
From the nervous system and sensory organs: general weakness, fatigue, sedation, decreased attention, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, impaired coordination of movements, anxiety, irritability (especially in children), irritability, nervousness, insomnia, euphoria, confusion , tremor, neuritis, convulsions, paresthesia; blurred vision, diplopia, acute labyrinthitis, tinnitus. From the side of the cardiovascular system and blood: hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia, extrasystole; agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia. From the digestive tract: dry mouth, numbness of the oral mucosa, anorexia, nausea, epigastric distress, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation. From the genitourinary system: frequent and / or difficult urination, urinary retention, early menstruation. From the respiratory system: dryness of the nose and throat, nasal congestion, thickening of bronchial secretions, tightness in the chest and heavy breathing. Allergic reactions: - rash, urticaria, anaphylactic shock. Other: sweating, chills, photosensitivity.
Interaction
Sleeping pills, sedatives, tranquilizers and alcohol increase (mutually) CNS depression. MAO inhibitors enhance and prolong anticholinergic effects.
Overdose
Symptoms: dry mouth, shortness of breath, persistent mydriasis, redness of the face, depression or excitement (more often in children) of the central nervous system, confusion; in children - the development of seizures and death. Treatment: induction of vomiting, gastric lavage, administration of activated charcoal; symptomatic and supportive therapy against the background of careful monitoring of breathing and blood pressure levels.
Method of application and dosage
Intramuscularly - 10-50 mg, the maximum single dose - 50 mg, daily - 150 mg, intravenous drip - 20-50 mg (in 75-100 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution).
special instructions
Not recommended for subcutaneous administration (irritant). Use with caution in patients with hyperthyroidism, increased intraocular pressure, diseases of the cardiovascular system, in old age. It should not be used during work by drivers of vehicles and people whose profession is associated with increased concentration of attention. During the period of treatment, the use of alcoholic beverages should be avoided.
Storage conditions
List B. In a place protected from light, at room temperature.
International name
Diphenhydramine (Diphenhydramine)Group affiliation
H1-histamine receptor blockerDosage form
Granules for the preparation of oral solution, solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration, rectal suppositories [for children], tablets, tablets [for children], coated tablets, see. Also:Diphenhydramine; gel for external use, sticks
pharmachologic effect
Blocker of H1-histamine receptors of the first generation, eliminates the effects of histamine mediated through this type of receptor. The action on the central nervous system is due to the blockade of the H3-histamine receptors of the brain and the inhibition of the central cholinergic structures. It has a pronounced antihistamine activity, reduces or prevents spasms of smooth muscles caused by histamine, increased capillary permeability, tissue swelling, itching and hyperemia. It causes local anesthesia (when taken orally, there is a short-term numbness of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity), blocks the cholinergic receptors of the ganglia (reduces blood pressure) and the central nervous system, has a sedative, hypnotic, antiparkinsonian and antiemetic effects. Antagonism with histamine manifests itself to a greater extent in relation to local vascular reactions during inflammation and allergies than to systemic ones, i.e. decrease in blood pressure. However, when administered parenterally to patients with BCC deficiency, a decrease in blood pressure and an increase in existing hypotension due to ganglioblocking action are possible. In people with local brain damage and epilepsy, it activates (even at low doses) epileptic discharges on the EEG and can provoke an epileptic seizure. It is more effective in bronchospasm caused by histamine liberators (tubocurarine, morphine), and to a lesser extent in allergic bronchospasm. Sedative and hypnotic effects are more pronounced with repeated doses.
The onset of action is noted 15-60 minutes after ingestion, the duration is up to 12 hours.
Indications
Allergic reactions (urticaria, hay fever, angioedema, capillary toxicosis), allergic conjunctivitis, acute iridocyclitis, vasomotor rhinitis, rhinosinusopathy, allergic dermatitis, pruritic dermatosis.
Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, hyperacid gastritis (as part of combination therapy).
Parkinsonism, chorea, insomnia.
Vomiting of pregnant women, Meniere's syndrome, sea and air sickness, radiation sickness.
Extensive traumatic injuries of the skin and soft tissues (burns, crush injuries), hemorrhagic vasculitis, serum sickness.
Premedication.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, angle-closure glaucoma, prostatic hyperplasia, stenosing peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, stenosis of the bladder neck, epilepsy. With caution. Bronchial asthma, pregnancy, lactation.Side effects
Drowsiness, dry mouth, numbness of the oral mucosa, dizziness, tremor, nausea, headache, asthenia, decreased psychomotor reaction rate, photosensitivity, accommodation paresis, impaired coordination of movements. Children may have a paradoxical development of insomnia, irritability and euphoria.Application and dosage
inside. Adults, 30-50 mg 1-3 times a day. The course of treatment is 10-15 days. Higher doses for adults: single - 100 mg, daily - 250 mg. With insomnia - 50 mg 20-30 minutes before bedtime. For the treatment of idiopathic and postencephalitic parkinsonism - initially 25 mg 3 times a day, followed by a gradual increase in dose, if necessary, up to 50 mg 4 times a day. When motion sickness - 25-50 mg every 4-6 hours if necessary.
Children 2-6 years old - 12.5-25 mg, 6-12 years old - 25-50 mg every 6-8 hours (no more than 75 mg / day for children 2-6 years old and no more than 150 mg / day for children 6 -12 years old).
V / m, 50-250 mg; the highest single dose - 50 mg, daily - 150 mg. In / in drip - 20-50 mg (in 75-100 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution).
Rectally. Suppositories are administered 1-2 times a day after a cleansing enema or spontaneous bowel movement. Children under 3 years old - 5 mg, 3-4 years old - 10 mg; 5-7 years - 15 mg, 8-14 years - 20 mg.
In ophthalmology: 1-2 drops of 0.2-0.5% solution are instilled into the conjunctival sac 2-3-5 times a day.
Intranasally. With allergic vasomotor, acute rhinitis, rhinosinusopathy, it is prescribed in the form of sticks containing 0.05 g of diphenhydramine.
special instructions
During treatment with diphenhydramine, UV radiation and the use of ethanol should be avoided.
It is necessary to inform the doctor about the use of this drug: the antiemetic effect may make it difficult to diagnose appendicitis and recognize symptoms of an overdose of other drugs.
Patients engaged in potentially hazardous activities that require increased attention and quick mental reactions should be careful.
Interaction
Enhances the effect of ethanol and drugs that depress the central nervous system.
MAO inhibitors enhance the anticholinergic activity of diphenhydramine.
Antagonistic interaction is noted when co-administered with psychostimulants.
Reduces the effectiveness of apomorphine as an emetic drug in the treatment of poisoning.
Enhances the anticholinergic effects of drugs with m-anticholinergic activity.
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Do you use Diphenhydramine as an analogue or vice versa?pharmachologic effect
Blocker of histamine H 1 receptors. It has anti-allergic activity, has a local anesthetic, antispasmodic and moderate ganglioblocking effect. When taken orally, it causes a sedative and hypnotic effect, has a moderate antiemetic effect, and also has a central anticholinergic activity.
When applied externally, it has an anti-allergic effect.
Pharmacokinetics
Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability is 50%. C max is achieved in 20-40 minutes (the highest concentration is determined in the lungs, spleen, kidneys, liver, brain and muscles). Plasma protein binding - 98-99%. Penetrates through the BBB. It is metabolized mainly in the liver, partially in the lungs and kidneys. T 1 / 2 - 4-10 hours. During the day, it is completely excreted by the kidneys in the form of metabolites conjugated with glucuronic acid. Significant amounts are excreted in milk and may cause sedation in infants (a paradoxical reaction characterized by hyperexcitability may occur).
Indications
Allergic reactions (urticaria, hay fever, angioedema), allergic conjunctivitis, vasomotor rhinitis, hemorrhagic vasculitis, serum sickness, pruritic dermatoses, sleep disturbances (monotherapy or in combination with sleeping pills), chorea, sea and air sickness, vomiting of pregnant women, Meniere's syndrome , premedication.
Dosing regimen
Adults inside - 30-50 mg 1-3 times / day. The course of treatment is 10-15 days. As a sleeping pill - 50 mg at bedtime. V / m - in doses of 50-250 mg; IV drip - 20-50 mg.
When taken orally, single doses for children under the age of 1 year - 2-5 mg; from 2 to 5 years - 5-15 mg; from 6 to 12 years - 15-30 mg.
Outwardly apply 1-2 times / day.
Side effect
Maybe: short-term numbness of the oral mucosa, drowsiness, general weakness, a decrease in the speed of the psychomotor reaction; in children, the paradoxical development of insomnia, irritability and euphoria is possible.
Rarely: dizziness, headache, dry mouth, nausea, photosensitivity, accommodation paresis, incoordination, tremor.
Contraindications for use
Angle-closure glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, stenosing gastric and duodenal ulcer, bladder neck stenosis, bronchial asthma, epilepsy, hypersensitivity to diphenhydramine.
Use during pregnancy and lactation
During pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding), diphenhydramine is used with caution, according to strict indications, in cases where the expected therapeutic effect for the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus or infant.
drug interaction
With simultaneous use enhances the effect of ethanol and drugs that depress the central nervous system.
With simultaneous use of MAO inhibitors enhance the anticholinergic activity of diphenhydramine.
Antagonistic interaction is noted when co-administered with psychostimulants.
Reduces the effectiveness of apomorphine as an emetic in the treatment of poisoning. Enhances the anticholinergic effects of drugs with anticholinergic activity.
special instructions
Use diphenhydramine with caution during pregnancy and lactation.
During the treatment period, you should not be exposed to sunlight, you should avoid drinking alcohol.
Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and control mechanisms
Use with caution in patients involved in potentially hazardous activities that require increased attention and rapid psychomotor reactions.
pharmachologic effect
Blocker of histamine H 1 receptors. It has anti-allergic activity, has a local anesthetic, antispasmodic and moderate ganglioblocking effect. When taken orally, it causes a sedative and hypnotic effect, has a moderate antiemetic effect, and also has a central anticholinergic activity.
When applied externally, it has an anti-allergic effect.
Pharmacokinetics
Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability is 50%. C max is achieved in 20-40 minutes (the highest concentration is determined in the lungs, spleen, kidneys, liver, brain and muscles). Plasma protein binding - 98-99%. Penetrates through the BBB. It is metabolized mainly in the liver, partially in the lungs and kidneys. T 1 / 2 - 4-10 hours. During the day, it is completely excreted by the kidneys in the form of metabolites conjugated with glucuronic acid. Significant amounts are excreted in milk and may cause sedation in infants (a paradoxical reaction characterized by hyperexcitability may occur).
Indications
Allergic reactions (urticaria, hay fever, angioedema), allergic conjunctivitis, vasomotor rhinitis, hemorrhagic vasculitis, serum sickness, pruritic dermatoses, sleep disturbances (monotherapy or in combination with sleeping pills), chorea, sea and air sickness, vomiting of pregnant women, Meniere's syndrome , premedication.
Dosing regimen
Adults inside - 30-50 mg 1-3 times / day. The course of treatment is 10-15 days. As a sleeping pill - 50 mg at bedtime. V / m - in doses of 50-250 mg; IV drip - 20-50 mg.
When taken orally, single doses for children under the age of 1 year - 2-5 mg; from 2 to 5 years - 5-15 mg; from 6 to 12 years - 15-30 mg.
Outwardly apply 1-2 times / day.
Side effect
Maybe: short-term numbness of the oral mucosa, drowsiness, general weakness, a decrease in the speed of the psychomotor reaction; in children, the paradoxical development of insomnia, irritability and euphoria is possible.
Rarely: dizziness, headache, dry mouth, nausea, photosensitivity, accommodation paresis, incoordination, tremor.
Contraindications for use
Angle-closure glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, stenosing gastric and duodenal ulcer, bladder neck stenosis, bronchial asthma, epilepsy, hypersensitivity to diphenhydramine.
Use during pregnancy and lactation
During pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding), diphenhydramine is used with caution, according to strict indications, in cases where the expected therapeutic effect for the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus or infant.
drug interaction
With simultaneous use enhances the effect of ethanol and drugs that depress the central nervous system.
With simultaneous use of MAO inhibitors enhance the anticholinergic activity of diphenhydramine.
Antagonistic interaction is noted when co-administered with psychostimulants.
Reduces the effectiveness of apomorphine as an emetic in the treatment of poisoning. Enhances the anticholinergic effects of drugs with anticholinergic activity.
special instructions
Use diphenhydramine with caution during pregnancy and lactation.
During the treatment period, you should not be exposed to sunlight, you should avoid drinking alcohol.
Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and control mechanisms
Use with caution in patients involved in potentially hazardous activities that require increased attention and rapid psychomotor reactions.
Dimedrol (Dimedrolum) is a domestic anti-allergic agent that has been used in medical practice for more than fifty years. The drug belongs to the first
generation of antihistamines, and, despite the abundance of modern drugs, still finds its application.
Now Diphenhydramine is used more often in inpatient treatment (in / m) for the relief of allergic reactions, as well as in the composition of the "triad" (analgin 2ml-50%, papaverine hydrochloride 2ml-2%, diphenhydramine 1ml-1% - they are taken into one syringe, injected in / m, slowly), indications for the appointment of which is pain, fever. Diphenhydramine tablets are prescribed quite rarely due to side effects and lack of effectiveness.
Release form of the drug: tablets, powder (0.02; 0.05 g), ampoules with a 1% solution, syringe tubes, suppositories (for children), gel for external use.
How does Diphenhydramine work?
It has antiallergic, antihistamine, hypnotic, antiemetic effect. By blocking histamine receptors (H1), it prevents the development of allergic reactions, spasms of smooth muscles, reduces vascular permeability, eliminates tissue swelling, hyperemia, and itching. It has an antispasmodic, local anesthetic effect, slightly lowers blood pressure. Causes a hypnotic (sedative) effect.
The maximum concentration after the use of Dimedrol inside - after 1-3 hours. Metabolism occurs in the liver cells. Penetrates into the brain tissue, placenta, excreted in breast milk. Duration of therapeutic action - 4-6 hours.
Indications for use
- Vasomotor rhinitis, hay fever, allergic conjunctivitis, acute iridocyclitis;
- Food allergies, itchy dermatoses, urticaria, angioedema (Quincke's edema);
- Serum sickness, capillary toxicosis;
- Complex therapy of bronchial asthma, anaphylactic shock, radiation sickness;
- "Premedication" before surgical treatment;
- With sleep disorders, parkinsonism, chorea, seasickness, Meniere's syndrome.
How is Dimedrol prescribed?
The method of application, according to the annotation, will depend on the age of the patient. Adults appoint Dimedrol inside 1-3 times a day, 30-50 mg, the duration of admission is 10-15 days. The maximum daily dosage is 250 mg, a single dose is 100 mg. In case of sleep disturbance - 50 mg 30 minutes before bedtime. When motion sickness give 25-50 mg with an interval of 4-6 hours.
Children 2-6 years old are given 12.5-25 mg (maximum 75 mg / day), children 6-12 years old - 25-50 mg with an interval of 6-8 hours (maximum 150 mg / day). Intramuscularly appoint 50-250 mg, the daily maximum dosage is 150 mg, a single dosage is 50 mg.Diphenhydramine gel is applied to the affected skin several times a day.
Side effects and contraindications
Patients may be disturbed by general weakness, decreased attention, drowsiness, impaired coordination, headache, excitability, tinnitus, lowering blood pressure, tachycardia, anemia. There may also be nausea, dry mouth, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, allergic reactions.
Diphenhydramine is contraindicated:
- With intolerance to the drug;
- When breastfeeding, pregnancy;
- Ulcer of the stomach and duodenum;
- Angle-closure glaucoma;
- prostatic hypertrophy;
- Bronchial asthma;
- Stenosis of the neck of the bladder;
- Do not prescribe Diphenhydramine for children under 2 years of age;
- During treatment, do not drink alcohol, refrain from driving vehicles.
Overdose symptoms
Difficulty breathing, dry mouth, flushing of the face, excitation or depression of the central nervous system may occur, and convulsions may develop in children. It is necessary to induce vomiting, wash the stomach, prescribe enterosorbents (for example, activated carbon, Enterosgel, Polysorb, Laktofiltrum). Symptomatic treatment is recommended.
Is it possible to prescribe Diphenhydramine during pregnancy, lactation?
During pregnancy, breastfeeding Diphenhydramine is not used. The risk of complications for the fetus and newborn is high. New generation antiallergic drugs have fewer side effects, but they can only be taken after consulting a doctor.
Are there analogues of Dimedrol?
Tavegil, Suprastin, Pipolfen, also used to stop allergic reactions, have similar pharmacological properties. The cost of analogues is much higher than the price of Dimedrol, but there are fewer side effects when using them.
Antiallergic drugs of the second and third generation: Zirtek, Erius, Cetrin, Claritin, Loratadin, are distinguished by better tolerance, duration of action, do not cause drowsiness. Their price is higher than the cost of Dimedrol.
Synonyms
Diphenhydramine, Benadryl, Allergan B, Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride, Allergival, Diphenhydramine, Restamin, Diabenil.
How to store Dimedrol?
List B. Storage in a dark, dry place. Do not use after the expiration date. The storage period is 5 years.
The price of the drug
You can buy Diphenhydramine by prescription (List B). The average cost of a drug in a pharmacy chain:
- Dimedrol, 10 tab. 50 mg each (packing) - 4 - 7 rubles;
- Dimedrol, ampoules No. 10, 1% -1 ml (packing) - 20 - 24 rubles.
