Analysis of the results of state (final) certification
in the form of the Unified State Exam (USE)
graduates of MBOU "Secondary School No. 6" NMR RT
in physics in 2017
The Unified State Exam (hereinafter referred to as the Unified State Exam) is a form of objective assessment of the quality of training of persons who have mastered educational programs of secondary general education, using tasks of a standardized form (control measurement materials). The Unified State Examination is conducted in accordance with the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation.” Control measuring materials make it possible to establish the level of mastery by graduates of the Federal component of the state educational standard of secondary (complete) general education in physics, basic and specialized levels.
The results of the unified state exam in physics are recognized by educational organizations of higher professional education as the results of entrance tests in physics.
In preparation for the exam, all work was aimed at organizing group work with students, in order to orient the preparation of “weak” students to overcome the required minimum, as well as to orient the preparation of “strong” students to practice complex topics, analyze the criteria for checking advanced and high-level tasks level. To increase the effectiveness of mastering the physics course, supporting notes were used in the lessons, containing a mandatory minimum of knowledge on a certain topic; I used demo versions in my work, tasks from the open segment of the federal test bank posted on the FIPI website, and regularly used the Solve the Unified State Exam website. Also, in preparation for the Unified State Exam, it was planned to repeat the knowledge and skills developed while studying the material in primary and secondary schools. The main area of work was the organization of independent educational activities to complete specific tasks with written recording of the results and their further analysis. When solving CMM tasks, students independently processed the information presented in the tasks, made conclusions and gave reasons for them.
Each version of the examination paper consists of two parts and includes 31 tasks, differing in form and level of complexity (Table 1).
Part 1 contains 23 short answer tasks. Of these, 13 tasks require the answer to be written in the form of a number, a word or two numbers, 10 matching tasks and multiple choice, in which the answers must be written as a sequence of numbers.
Part 2 contains 8 tasks united by a common type of activity - problem solving. Of these, 3 tasks with a short answer (24–26) and 5 tasks (27–31), for which you need to provide a detailed answer.
Table 1. Distribution of exam work tasks by parts of the work
In total, several plans are used to form the KIM for the Unified State Exam 2017.
In Part 1, to ensure a more accessible perception of information, tasks 1–21 are grouped based on thematic affiliation of the tasks: mechanics, molecular physics, electrodynamics, quantum physics. In part 2, tasks are grouped depending on the form of presentation of tasks and in accordance with thematic affiliation.
In the Unified State Examin physics took part4 (22.2%) graduate.
4 out of 4 graduates (100% of the total number of those who passed the physics exam) passed the “threshold” in physics (minimum number of points – 36).
The maximum Unified State Exam score was - 62 (Nikolaeva Anastasia).
The Unified State Exam in Physics isoptional exam and is intended for differentiation when entering higher education institutions. For these purposes, the work includes tasks of three difficulty levels. Among the tasks of the basic level of complexity, tasks are distinguished whose content corresponds to the standard of the basic level. The minimum number of Unified State Exam points in physics (36 points), confirming that a graduate has mastered a secondary general education program in physics, is established based on the requirements for mastering the basic level standard.
Table 2 – Sections and topics of the Unified State Examination paper in physics
The result of completed Unified State Examination tasks in physics by graduates of MBOU “Secondary School No. 6” NMR RT in 2017.
Analyzing the completed tasks of Part 1 (1-24) of the KIM Unified State Exam in PHYSICS of various levels of complexity, it can be noted that more than half of the graduates successfully complete the taskswith choice of answermechanics.
3 people out of 4 gave correct answers to short answer tasks (1).
The analysis data allows us to conclude that graduates are most successful in completing tasks of 2-4 basic levels of complexity, for which it is necessary to know/understand the lawuniversal gravitation, Hooke's law, as well as a formula for calculating the friction force.
There is also a high percentage of completion of task 5 of the basic level of complexity (3 people out of 4), which tested the mastery of basic concepts on the topics “Equilibrium condition of a rigid body”, “Archimedes’ force”, “Pressure”, “Mathematical and spring pendulums”, “Mechanical waves” and sound."
Task 7 was of an increased level of complexity, in which in different versions it was required to establish a correspondence between graphs and physical quantities, between physical quantities and formulas, and units of measurement. However, more than half of the graduates successfully completed this task: 25% of graduates scored 1 point, making one mistake, and 50% scored the initial 2 points, completing this task completely correctly.
Almost the same result was demonstrated by graduates when completing task 6 of the basic difficulty level.
Bymolecular physics in part 1 of the KIM Unified State Exam, 3 tasks were presented with the choice and recording of the number of the correct answer (8-10), for the correct completion of which 1 point was awarded. All students completed task 8; in task 9, 1 person out of 4 made a mistake. In addition, 2 tasks with a short answer (11-12) are presented, these are matching and multiple choice tasks, in which the answers must be written in the form sequences of numbers. Students showed the most successful performance when completing task 11. In general, with tasks forThe graduates did well in molecular physics.
Byelectrodynamics in Part 1 of the KIM Unified State Exam, 4 tasks were presented with the choice and recording of the number of the correct answer (13-16), for the correct completion of which 1 point was awarded. In addition, there are 2 short answer tasks (17-18), these are matching and multiple choice tasks, in which the answers must be written down as a sequence of numbers.
The analysis data allows us to conclude that, in general, graduates completed assignments in electrodynamics significantly worse than similar assignments in mechanics and molecular physics.
The most difficult task for graduates turned out to be task 13 of the basic level of complexity, which tested their ideas aboutelectrification of bodies, behavior of conductors and dielectrics in an electric field, the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction, interference of light, diffraction and dispersion of light.
The graduates most successfully completed task 16 of the basic level of complexity, for which it is necessary to have an understanding of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, an oscillatory circuit, the laws of reflection and refraction of light, and the path of rays in a lens (75 %).
Task 18 of an increased level of complexity, in which in different versions it was necessary to establish a correspondence between graphs and physical quantities, between physical quantities and formulas, units of measurement, the graduates completed no worse than a similar task in mechanics and molecular physics.
Byquantum physics in Part 1 of the KIM Unified State Exam, 3 tasks were presented with the choice and recording of the number of the correct answer (19-21), for the correct completion of which 1 point was awarded. In addition, there is 1 task with a short answer (22). The highest percentage of completion (2 people out of 2) was in the case of task 20 of the basic level of complexity, which tested graduates’ knowledge on the topics “Radioactivity”, “Nuclear reactions” and “Fission and fusion of nuclei”.
The majority of students (3 out of 4) did not start and did not score initial points when completing tasks with a detailed answer (Part C).
However, it is worth noting that there were no students who would have completed successfully (3 maximum points) with at least one task. This is explained by the fact that physics is studied at school at a basic level, and these tasks involve mainly specialized training in the subject.
The students showed an average level of preparation for the Unified State Exam in physics. The presented data indicate that in Part 1 of the KIM Unified State Exam in Physics, graduates completed tasks in mechanics and molecular physics significantly better than in electrodynamics and quantum physics.
Many students did not realize that the new criteria for assessing assignments require explanations for each formula for solving these problems.
Use the results of the analysis to prepare for the Unified State Exam 2018.
To develop in students the skills specified in the education standard as the main goals when teaching physics:
Correctly explain physical phenomena;
Establish connections between physical quantities;
Give examples of confirmation of fundamental laws and their consequences.
4. Use the laws of physics to analyze phenomena at the qualitative and computational levels.
5. Carry out calculations based on data presented in graphical or tabular forms.
Physics teacher __________________ / Mochenova O.V. /
The Unified State Exam in Physics is an exam of choice for graduates and is intended for differentiation when entering higher educational institutions. For these purposes, the work includes tasks of three difficulty levels. Completing tasks at a basic level of complexity allows you to assess the level of mastery of the most significant content elements of a high school physics course and mastery of the most important types of activities. The use of tasks of increased and high levels of complexity in the Unified State Exam allows us to assess the degree of preparation of a student to continue his education at a university.
Each version of the examination paper consists of 2 parts and includes 32 tasks, differing in form and level of difficulty (see table).
Part 1 contains 24 tasks, of which 9 tasks with choosing and recording the number of the correct answer and 15 tasks with a short answer, including tasks with independently recording the answer in the form of a number, as well as matching and multiple choice tasks in which answers are required write as a sequence of numbers.
Part 2 contains 8 tasks united by a common activity - problem solving. Of these, 3 tasks with a short answer (25–27) and 5 tasks (28–32), for which you need to provide a detailed answer.
Number of tasks
Maximum Primary Score
Percentage of maximum primary score
Type of tasks
Distribution of tasks by topic
When developing the content of CMM, the need to test the assimilation of knowledge in the following sections of the physics course is taken into account:
- Mechanics(kinematics, dynamics, statics, conservation laws in mechanics, mechanical vibrations and waves);
- Molecular physics(molecular kinetic theory, thermodynamics);
- Electrodynamics and fundamentals of SRT(electric field, direct current, magnetic field, electromagnetic induction, electromagnetic oscillations and waves, optics, fundamentals of SRT);
- The quantum physics(wave-particle duality, atomic physics, physics of the atomic nucleus)
The total number of tasks in the examination paper for each section is approximately proportional to its content and the teaching time allocated for studying this section in the school physics course.
Distribution of tasks by difficulty level
The examination paper presents tasks of different difficulty levels: basic, advanced and high.
Basic level tasks are included in part 1 of the work (19 tasks, of which 9 tasks with choosing and recording the number of the correct answer and 10 tasks with a short answer). These are simple tasks that test your understanding of the most important physical concepts, models, phenomena and laws.
Advanced level tasks are distributed between the first and second parts of the examination paper: 5 short-answer tasks in part 1, 3 short-answer tasks and 1 long-answer task in part 2. These tasks are aimed at testing the ability to use the concepts and laws of physics to apply one -two laws (formulas) on any of the topics of the school physics course.
The four problems in Part 2 are high-difficulty problems that test the ability to use the laws and theories of physics in a changed or new situation. Completing such tasks requires the application of knowledge from two or three sections of physics at once, i.e., a high level of training.
Difficulty levels of tasks
Grading system
The task involving selecting and recording the number of the correct answer is considered completed if the answer number recorded in form No. 1 matches the correct answer. Each of these tasks is worth 1 point.
A short answer task is considered completed if the answer recorded in form No. 1 coincides with the correct answer.
Tasks 3–5, 10, 15, 16, 21 of part 1 and tasks 25–27 of part 2 are scored 1 point.
Tasks 6, 7, 11, 12, 17, 18, 22 and 24 of Part 1 are scored 2 points if both elements of the answer are correct; 1 point if an error was made in indicating one of the elements of the answer, and 0 points if two errors were made.
Answers to tasks with choosing and recording the number of the correct answer and a short answer are processed automatically after scanning answer forms No. 1.
A task with a detailed answer is assessed by two experts taking into account the correctness and completeness of the answer. The maximum initial score for tasks with a detailed answer is 3 points. For each task, detailed instructions are provided for experts, which indicate what each point is awarded for - from zero to the maximum point. In the exam version, before each type of task, instructions are given that provide general requirements for the preparation of answers.
Exam duration and equipment
The entire examination work will be completed 235 minutes. The approximate time to complete tasks of various parts of the work is:
- for each multiple-choice task – 2–5 minutes;
- for each task with a short answer – 3–5 minutes;
- for each task with a detailed answer - from 15 to 25 minutes.
Used non-programmable calculator(for each student) with the ability to calculate trigonometric functions (cos, sin, tg) and a ruler. The list of additional devices and materials, the use of which is permitted for the Unified State Examination, is approved by Rosobrnadzor.
The Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science has summed up the preliminary results of the 2017 Unified State Exam in social studies, literature and physics.During the main period, about 318 thousand participants took the Unified State Exam in Social Studies, the Unified State Exam in Physics - more than 155 thousand participants, the Unified State Exam in Literature - more than 41 thousand participants. Average scores in all three subjects in 2017 are comparable to last year.
The number of Unified State Exam participants who failed to overcome the established minimum threshold in subjects has decreased: in social studies to 13.8% from 17.5% last year, in physics - to 3.8% from 6.1%, in literature - to 2 .9% from 4.4% a year earlier.
“The average scores are comparable to last year’s results, this indicates the stability of the exam and the objectivity of the assessment. It is important that the number of those who fail to overcome the minimum thresholds decreases. This happens largely due to competent work with the results of the Unified State Examination, when they are analyzed and used in the work of institutes for advanced training of teachers. In a number of regions, the project “I will pass the Unified State Exam” has produced very serious results,” noted the head of Rosobrnadzor, Sergei Kravtsov.
Thanks to the use of technology for scanning participants' work at examination points, the Unified State Examination results in social studies, literature and physics were processed ahead of the deadlines established by the schedule for issuing results. Graduates will be able to find out their results a day earlier.
- 0-35 points - score " 2 »,
- 36-52 points - score " 3 »,
- 53-67 points - score " 4 »,
- 68 and above points - score " 5 »;
Distribution of points for each USE task in physics
- 1 point- for 1-4, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 19, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27 tasks.
- 2 points - 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 16, 17, 18, 21, 24.
- 3 points- 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 tasks with a detailed answer are assessed according to criteria from FIPI (see below)
Total: 52 points.
- The minimum test score of the Unified State Exam is 36
- The minimum primary score of the Unified State Exam is 11
| Primary score | Secondary (test) score |
| 1 | 4 |
| 2 | 7 |
| 3 | 10 |
| 4 | 14 |
| 5 | 17 |
| 6 | 20 |
| 7 | 23 |
| 8 | 27 |
| 9 | 30 |
| 10 | 33 |
| 11 | 36 |
| 12 | 38 |
| 13 | 39 |
| 14 | 40 |
| 15 | 41 |
| 16 | 42 |
| 17 | 44 |
| 18 | 45 |
| 19 | 46 |
| 20 | 47 |
| 21 | 48 |
| 22 | 49 |
| 23 | 51 |
| 24 | 52 |
| 25 | 53 |
| 26 | 54 |
| 27 | 55 |
| 28 | 57 |
| 29 | 58 |
| 30 | 59 |
| 31 | 60 |
| 32 | 61 |
| 33 | 62 |
| 34 | 64 |
| 35 | 66 |
| 36 | 68 |
| 37 | 70 |
| 38 | 72 |
| 39 | 74 |
| 40 | 76 |
| 41 | 78 |
| 42 | 80 |
| 43 | 82 |
| 44 | 84 |
| 45 | 86 |
| 46 | 88 |
| 47 | 90 |
| 48 | 92 |
| 49 | 94 |
| 50 | 96 |
| 51 | 98 |
| 52 | 100 |
Criteria for assessing tasks with a detailed answer
1 point
- A solution corresponding to one of the following cases is presented. The correct answer to the task question is given, and an explanation is given, but it does not indicate two phenomena or physical laws necessary for a complete correct explanation.
- OR All the phenomena and laws and patterns necessary to explain are indicated, but the existing reasoning aimed at obtaining an answer to the question of the assignment is not completed.
- OR All the phenomena and laws and patterns necessary to explain are indicated, but the existing reasoning leading to the answer contains errors.
- OR Not all phenomena and laws and patterns necessary to explain are indicated, but there are correct reasoning aimed at solving the problem.
0 points
Maximum score - 3
3 points -
- law of conservation of momentum, law of conservation of mechanical energy, Newton's second law for the motion of a body in a circle; it is taken into account that at the top point the tension force of the thread becomes zero);
- (except for the designations of constants specified in the CMM version and the designations used in the problem statement);
- the necessary mathematical transformations and calculations have been carried out leading to the correct numerical answer (a solution “in parts” with intermediate calculations is allowed);
- The correct answer is presented indicating the units of measurement of the desired quantity.
2 points
- All the necessary provisions of the theory, physical laws, patterns are correctly written down, and the necessary transformations are carried out. But there are the following disadvantages.
- OR In the solution, extra entries that are not included in the solution (possibly incorrect) are not separated from the solution (not crossed out; not enclosed in brackets, a frame, etc.).
- OR Errors were made in the required mathematical transformations or calculations, and/or the transformations/calculations were not completed.
- OR .
1 point
- Only provisions and formulas expressing physical laws, the application of which is necessary to solve the problem, are presented, without any transformations with their use aimed at solving the problem and the answer.
- OR The solution lacks ONE of the original formulas necessary to solve the problem (or the statement underlying the solution), but there are logically correct transformations with the existing formulas aimed at solving the problem.
- OR ONE an error was made from the initial formulas necessary to solve the problem (or in the statement underlying the solution), but there are logically correct transformations with the existing formulas aimed at solving the problem
0 points
- All cases of solution that do not meet the above criteria for scoring 1, 2, 3 points
Maximum score - 3
3 points - A complete solution is provided, including the following elements:
- the provisions of the theory and physical laws, patterns, the application of which is necessary to solve the problem in the chosen way (in this case: expression for the Archimedes force, relationship between mass and density, Mendeleev–Clapeyron equation, condition for lifting a ball);
- all the letter designations of physical quantities newly introduced in the solution are described
- the correct answer is presented indicating the units of measurement of the desired quantity
2 points
- Records corresponding to paragraph II are not presented in full or are missing.
- AND (OR)
- AND (OR)
- AND (OR) Point IV is missing or there is an error in it
1 point- Records corresponding to one of the following cases are presented.
- OR
- OR IN ONE an error was made from the initial formulas necessary to solve this problem (or in the statement underlying the solution), but there are logically correct transformations with the existing formulas aimed at solving the problem
0 points
Maximum score - 3
3 points - A complete solution is provided, including the following elements:
- the provisions of the theory and physical laws, patterns, the application of which is necessary to solve the problem in the chosen way (in this case: formulas for calculating electrical capacity, charge and voltage for series and parallel connected capacitors, determination of electrical capacity, formula for the energy of a charged capacitor);
- all the letter designations of physical quantities newly introduced in the solution are described (with the exception of the designations of constants specified in the CMM version, the designations used in the problem statement, and the standard designations of quantities used when writing physical laws);
- the necessary mathematical transformations and calculations have been carried out leading to the correct numerical answer (solution “in parts” with intermediate calculations is allowed);
- correct answer provided
2 points
- All the necessary provisions of the theory, physical laws, patterns are correctly written down, and the necessary transformations are carried out. But there are one or more of the following disadvantages.
- Records corresponding to paragraph II are not presented in full or are missing.
- AND (OR) The solution contains extra entries that are not included in the solution (possibly incorrect), which are not separated from the solution (not crossed out; not enclosed in brackets, a frame, etc.).
- AND (OR) Errors were made in the required mathematical transformations or calculations, and/or logical steps were missed in the mathematical transformations/calculations.
- AND (OR) Point IV is missing or there is an error in it
1 point- Records corresponding to one of the following cases are presented.
- Only provisions and formulas expressing physical laws, the application of which is necessary and sufficient to solve a given problem, are presented, without any transformations using them aimed at solving the problem.
- OR The solution does not contain ONE of the original formulas necessary to solve the given problem (or the statement underlying the solution), but there are logically correct transformations with the existing formulas aimed at solving the problem.
- OR IN ONE
0 points
- All cases of solution that do not meet the above criteria for scoring 1, 2, 3 points.
Maximum score - 3
3 points - A complete solution is provided, including the following elements:
- the provisions of the theory and physical laws, patterns, the application of which is necessary to solve the problem in the chosen way (in this case: thin lens formula, condition for the equality of the angular velocities of the source and its image, linear velocity formula);
- all the letter designations of physical quantities newly introduced in the solution are described (with the exception of the designations of constants specified in the CMM version, the designations used in the problem statement, and the standard designations of quantities used when writing physical laws);
- the necessary mathematical transformations and calculations have been carried out leading to the correct numerical answer (solution “in parts” with intermediate calculations is allowed);
- correct answer provided
2 points
- All the necessary provisions of the theory, physical laws, patterns are correctly written down, and the necessary transformations are carried out. But there are one or more of the following disadvantages.
- Records corresponding to paragraph II are not presented in full or are missing.
- AND (OR) The solution contains extra entries that are not included in the solution (possibly incorrect), which are not separated from the solution (not crossed out; not enclosed in brackets, a frame, etc.).
- AND (OR) Errors were made in the required mathematical transformations or calculations, and/or logical steps were missed in the mathematical transformations/calculations.
- AND (OR) Point IV is missing or there is an error in it
1 point- Records corresponding to one of the following cases are presented.
- Only provisions and formulas expressing physical laws, the application of which is necessary and sufficient to solve a given problem, are presented, without any transformations using them aimed at solving the problem.
- OR The solution does not contain ONE of the original formulas necessary to solve the given problem (or the statement underlying the solution), but there are logically correct transformations with the existing formulas aimed at solving the problem.
- OR IN ONE an error was made from the initial formulas necessary to solve a given problem (or in the statement underlying the solution), but there are logically correct transformations with the existing formulas aimed at solving the problem.
0 points
- All cases of solution that do not meet the above criteria for scoring 1, 2, 3 points.
Maximum score - 3
On the official website of FIPI, in the section “Analytical and methodological materials”, “Methodological recommendations for teachers, prepared on the basis of an analysis of typical mistakes of participants in the Unified State Exam 2017” have been published, this is where you can find information about what was the average Unified State Exam score in physics in 2017.
Download the document.
Table 1
Average USE score 2017 in physics
155,281 people took part in the Unified State Exam in Physics in 2017, including 98.9% of current year graduates. In percentage terms, the number of participants in the Unified State Exam in Physics has not changed and is about 24% of the total number of graduates of the current year.
The largest number of Unified State Examination participants in physics is noted in Moscow (9943), Moscow region (6745), St. Petersburg (5775), the Republic of Bashkortostan (5689) and Krasnodar Territory (4869).
The average USE score in physics in 2017 was 53.16, which is higher than last year (50.02 test points).
The minimum Unified State Exam score in physics in 2017, as in 2016, was 36 tb, which corresponded to 9 primary points. The percentage of exam participants who did not achieve the minimum score in 2017 was 3.78%, which is significantly less than the percentage of participants who did not achieve the minimum limit in 2016 (6.11%).
Compared to the two previous years, in 2017 the proportion of unprepared and poorly prepared participants (who scored up to 40 thousand points) decreased significantly.
The share of graduates demonstrating average results (41–60 points) remained practically unchanged, while the share of high-scorers (81–100 points) increased, reaching the maximum values for three years – 4.94%.
278 exam participants scored the maximum test score, which is higher than the results of the previous two years.
The maximum initial score for the work is 50.
For the Unified State Exam in Physics, the range from 61 to 100 test points is also significant, which demonstrates the readiness of graduates to successfully continue their education in higher education organizations. In 2017, this group of graduates increased significantly compared to the previous two years and amounted to 21.44%. These results indicate an improvement in the quality of physics teaching in specialized classes.
