The red ribbon is a symbol of the fight against AIDS. By attaching it to your clothes, you show others that you stand in solidarity with HIV-infected people and honor the memory of those who have become victims of AIDS.
The AIDS icon first appeared in April 1991. It was created by the famous artist Frank Moore, whose futuristic and surreal landscapes are popular even today.
Moore is remembered in history as the “creator of the red ribbon.” This is what he was called in obituaries after his death in 2002. The artist lived for more than 20 years with HIV, but died due to lymphoma-cancer that developed against the background of AIDS.
Initially, the AIDS logo was used by a small circle of people - members of the Visual AIDS charity organization. Among its members were people in the arts who wanted to direct their efforts to fight the deadly infection.
In 1991, at a concert organized in memory of artist Freddie Mercury, more than 70,000 fans attached a red ribbon, and already in 1992, at the Oscars, 2/3 of those invited had this meaningful symbol on their outerwear.
The photo shows a red ribbon as a symbol of the fight against HIV and AIDS. So how did this sign come to symbolize this movement?
The idea of a red ribbon, a symbol of the fight against AIDS, came to Frank Moore in 1991 - he noticed that a neighboring family attached yellow ribbons to their clothes every day. For them, it was a sign of hope that their daughter, who had gone to war in Iraq, would return home safely.
They folded the ribbons in a special way and resembled an inverted "V". For Frank Moore, the fight against HIV and AIDS was also a kind of endless battle that claimed the lives of tens and hundreds of people. At this point, he decided that the folded tape could also serve as a metaphor for infection.
The AIDS ribbon was made in red, the color of blood, which contained the predominant amount of the virus. At the same time, the red color is a symbol of “blood brotherhood” and the passion that “guided” Frank Moore’s entire life.
In 1991, the HIV sign was made of red silk ribbons and made of metal, which was then covered with paint. Artists from all over the world took part in the project - every day they folded hundreds and thousands of ribbons, and then distributed them in the United States and around the globe.
The red ribbon demonstrated to the whole world that there is no need to be afraid to talk about AIDS and avoid HIV-infected patients. Constantly discussing the problem is an opportunity to warn and explain to people that everyone must protect themselves from the epidemic.
Efforts to fight AIDS
The Red Ribbon project has attracted millions of people and has not lost its relevance even now. The success was so impressive that many social movements and charitable organizations did the same to attract people's attention to other equally significant social problems.
If the human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are symbolized by a red ribbon, then to represent:
- hepatitis C yellow icons are used,
- breast cancer - pink,
- Alzheimer's disease - blue;
- pediatric oncology – golden, etc.
Attention! In 1995, there was even a rainbow ribbon symbolizing the rights of gays and lesbians.
In some countries, the original red ribbons have been modified. For example, in Spain, the sign depicts the sun (a symbol of life in Latin culture), but this does not make the ribbon lose its meaning and significance.
The fight against AIDS in Russia
In Russia, the HIV sign has become widespread in the form in which it was first adopted by the World Health Organization (based on the template of Frank Moore). Unfortunately, the Russian Federation occupies one of the leading places among states with the highest number of HIV-infected people.
- Raise awareness among citizens about an infection that can lead to death;
- To honor the memory of those who became victims of the infection - among them are many world artists, artists and government officials;
- Conduct educational and diagnostic activities aimed at preventing the epidemic.
The photo shows a poster dedicated to the Day against AIDS and HIV The problem of AIDS is relevant in Russia - according to the latest statistics for 2015, the number of registered cases of infection increased to 907,607 people. In Russian society, the red ribbon appears not only on outerwear, but also on stamps, T-shirts and even mugs.
Ribbons are usually distributed on December 1 (World AIDS Day) and during other events dedicated to the epidemic. However, you can make it yourself - just take a piece of silk (6 cm long), shape it into an inverted “V” and pin it to your clothes.
In Russia, based on the red badge, an orange and black St. George ribbon was created, dedicated to Victory Day (May 9) in the Great Patriotic War and calling on subsequent generations not to forget about the feat of the people.
Preventive actions
Social prevention of HIV and AIDS in Russia is carried out annually as part of events dedicated to World AIDS Day. Other actions and movements are organized by members of charitable organizations.
Medical measures to prevent infection include:
- Avoid casual sex. When contacting untrusted partners, always use condoms. Barrier contraception provides 98% protection against infection during sexual intercourse with an HIV-infected partner;
- Stop using psychoactive substances. Exactly 57.3% of HIV-positive people in Russia were infected when injecting drugs with an unsterile needle;
- Get checked periodically. The World Health Organization recommends being examined at least once a year. It is imperative to undergo diagnostics after suspected infection.
Attention! Timely detection of HIV infection is the key to effective treatment (HAART).
To prevent the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus from mother to child, you must follow your doctor's recommendations. He makes a plan to prepare an HIV-infected woman for childbirth and the postpartum period.
Medical HIV prevention is a set of measures implemented to prevent infection, timely detection of infection and reduce the likelihood of its progression.
What can protect you? The answer is in this photo. The following types of prevention are distinguished:
| Type of prevention | How is it carried out? | For what? |
|
Primary |
Activities among healthy populations aimed at globally informing citizens about the AIDS epidemic. | Preventing possible infection. |
|
Secondary |
Preventive work carried out in “risk groups”. Among them: – injection drug addicts, - homosexuals, – street children and adolescents, – convicts. |
Preventing possible infection. |
|
Tertiary |
Carrying out activities aimed at improving the lives of HIV-infected people |
Showing solidarity towards HIV-positive people, providing the opportunity to live a full life. |
HIV infection is a progressive disease for which no cure has been found. However, timely and competent highly active antiretroviral therapy makes it possible to delay the development of the disease for many years and prevent its transition to the AIDS stage.
The red ribbon is the international official symbol of the fight against AIDS. By attaching it to your outerwear at heart level, you openly declare your solidarity with people living with HIV, talk about the importance of the problem and honor the memory of those who died from AIDS.
The symbol ribbon is often handed out by volunteers during events. It is usually made of metal and covered with enamel. But you can easily do it yourself.
To do this, you need to take a red ribbon 6 cm long, fold it at the top in the shape of an inverted letter “V” and pin it to the clothes using a safety pin.
But who and when invented this symbol? In 1991, artists and artists in the United States organized the art group Visual AIDS. They hoped to use art as a weapon against the virus.
Many of their incredibly talented friends, acquaintances and colleagues from the artistic community died from HIV. It was necessary to take some action to make people think about the threatening proximity and reality of a terrible disease. AIDS should not have gone unnoticed.
Director and founder of Visual AIDS, actor Patrick O'Connell, in his interviews, says that the idea of the symbol for the group members was inspired by yellow ribbons, which at that time were tied everywhere by Americans as a sign of support for the soldiers who fought in the Persian Gulf.
Visual AIDS decided to make the ribbon red, which is associated with blood. It was created by one of the group members, artist Frank Moore.
In fact, the idea of using a ribbon as a means of expressing one's civic position is not new. Eg:
The same series, so to speak, includes the orange and black St. George ribbon, dedicated to Victory Day in the Great Patriotic War and calling on the younger generation to remember that “no one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten.”
At the 45th Tony Awards in June 1991, many of the nominees and participants wore red ribbons for the first time in hopes of an AIDS-free future.
In November of the same year, it could be seen on fans of Freddie Mercury at a concert in his memory.
In 1992, it already appeared among the majority of those present at the Oscar ceremony. Celebrities such as Elizabeth Taylor, Arthur Em, Magic Johnson and many others began to wear it.
The red AIDS ribbon has gained popularity. Now she was everywhere. Her image was embroidered on everyday clothes and bags, and she appeared on soft toys and Christmas trees. Mass replication began. And gradually the ribbon lost its meaning and turned into a banal fashion accessory.
But fashion, as you know, is a fickle lady, after a while the boom passed, popularity subsided and people began to forget about the red ribbon. And only years later, having experienced its own oblivion, the symbol returned to its original meaning.
Some critics believe that the ribbon folded into a loop is a form of so-called "lazyism." Like, the person seems to express support, but at the same time does not make any effort.
They are partly right. But, on the other hand, you must agree, it’s better this way than nothing at all. After all, the more people wear the red symbol, the louder the voice of the millions affected by the epidemic that has spread throughout the world will be heard. The higher the likelihood that you will be able to reach those in power, who will finally awaken to the desire to provide real help, because not in all countries the government allocates money for the development of drugs, preventive measures, rehabilitation measures, and so on.
In addition, if you do not hush up the problem and constantly pay attention to it, warn and explain, perhaps more than one person will think: “I need to protect myself from AIDS,” and will take the necessary measures. And it will save his life.
The red ribbon expresses support for the movement against AIDS, calls for social tolerance and symbolizes the hope that an AIDS vaccine will definitely be found.
In 2006, the prestigious Red Ribbon Award was established for innovative methods to combat AIDS. Since then, it has been awarded at the International AIDS Conference in Washington every two years.
In Russia, the national “Red Ribbon” award has been announced for a significant contribution to the fight against the epidemic, which was established by the “Steps” charitable foundation and the “Remarka” agency. The awards ceremony takes place on December 1, World AIDS Day.
About the history of the symbol of the fight against AIDS - how the red ribbon came about
The red ribbon is a symbol of the fight against AIDS. By attaching it to your clothes, you show others that you stand in solidarity with HIV-infected people and honor the memory of those who have become victims of AIDS.
The AIDS icon first appeared in April 1991. It was created by the famous artist Frank Moore, whose futuristic and surreal landscapes are popular even today.
Moore is remembered in history as the “creator of the red ribbon.” This is what he was called in obituaries after his death in 2002. The artist lived for more than 20 years with HIV, but died due to lymphoma-cancer that developed against the background of AIDS.
Initially, the AIDS logo was used by a small circle of people - members of the Visual AIDS charity organization. Among its members were people in the arts who wanted to direct their efforts to fight the deadly infection.
In 1991, at a concert organized in memory of artist Freddie Mercury, more than 70,000 fans attached a red ribbon, and already in 1992, at the Oscars, 2/3 of those invited had this meaningful symbol on their outerwear.
The beginning of the fight against AIDS
The idea of a red ribbon, a symbol of the fight against AIDS, came to Frank Moore in 1991 - he noticed that a neighboring family attached yellow ribbons to their clothes every day. For them, it was a sign of hope that their daughter, who had gone to war in Iraq, would return home safely.
They folded the ribbons in a special way and resembled an inverted "V". For Frank Moore, the fight against HIV and AIDS was also a kind of endless battle that claimed the lives of tens and hundreds of people. At this point, he decided that the folded tape could also serve as a metaphor for infection.
The AIDS ribbon was made in red, the color of blood, which contained the predominant amount of the virus. At the same time, the red color is a symbol of “blood brotherhood” and the passion that “guided” Frank Moore’s entire life.
In 1991, the HIV sign was made of red silk ribbons and made of metal, which was then covered with paint. Artists from all over the world took part in the project - every day they folded hundreds and thousands of ribbons, and then distributed them in the United States and around the globe.
The red ribbon demonstrated to the whole world that there is no need to be afraid to talk about AIDS and avoid HIV-infected patients. Constantly discussing the problem is an opportunity to warn and explain to people that everyone must protect themselves from the epidemic.
Efforts to fight AIDS
The Red Ribbon project has attracted millions of people and has not lost its relevance even now. The success was so impressive that many social movements and charitable organizations did the same to attract people's attention to other equally significant social problems.
If the human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are symbolized by a red ribbon, then to represent:
Attention! In 1995, there was even a rainbow ribbon symbolizing the rights of gays and lesbians.
In some countries, the original red ribbons have been modified. For example, in Spain, the sign depicts the sun (a symbol of life in Latin culture), but this does not make the ribbon lose its meaning and significance.
The fight against AIDS in Russia
In Russia, the HIV sign has become widespread in the form in which it was first adopted by the World Health Organization (based on the template of Frank Moore). Unfortunately, the Russian Federation occupies one of the leading places among states with the highest number of HIV-infected people.
- Raise awareness among citizens about an infection that can lead to death;
- To honor the memory of those who became victims of the infection - among them are many world artists, artists and government officials;
- Conduct educational and diagnostic activities aimed at preventing the epidemic.
- Avoid casual sex. When contacting untrusted partners, always use condoms. Barrier contraception provides 98% protection against infection during sexual intercourse with an HIV-infected partner;
- Stop using psychoactive substances. Exactly 57.3% of HIV-positive people in Russia were infected when injecting drugs with an unsterile needle;
- Get checked periodically. The World Health Organization recommends being examined at least once a year. It is imperative to undergo diagnostics after suspected infection.
The problem of AIDS is relevant in Russia - according to the latest statistics for 2015, the number of registered cases of infection increased to 907,607 people. In Russian society, the red ribbon appears not only on outerwear, but also on stamps, T-shirts and even mugs.
Ribbons are usually distributed on December 1 (World AIDS Day) and during other events dedicated to the epidemic. However, you can make it yourself - just take a piece of silk (6 cm long), shape it into an inverted “V” and pin it to your clothes.
In Russia, based on the red badge, an orange and black St. George ribbon was created, dedicated to Victory Day (May 9) in the Great Patriotic War and calling on subsequent generations not to forget about the feat of the people.
Preventive actions
Social prevention of HIV and AIDS in Russia is carried out annually as part of events dedicated to World AIDS Day. Other actions and movements are organized by members of charitable organizations.
Medical measures to prevent infection include:
Attention! Timely detection of HIV infection is the key to effective treatment (HAART).
To prevent the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus from mother to child, you must follow your doctor's recommendations. He makes a plan to prepare an HIV-infected woman for childbirth and the postpartum period.
Medical HIV prevention is a set of measures implemented to prevent infection, timely detection of infection and reduce the likelihood of its progression.
Class hour script “Red Ribbon. World AIDS Day"
Red ribbon. World AIDS Day
Target: to create in students an awareness of the importance of the problem of HIV/AIDS and personal responsibility for their behavior, to promote a healthy lifestyle, and to cultivate tolerance towards HIV-infected people.
Equipment: posters (collage), presentation “AIDS and its prevention”.
1 student. Everyone knows about what a terrible disease AIDS is. And everyone understands what consequences the spread of this disease can lead to. And the majority of the healthy population of the planet avoids communicating with those infected with AIDS, and they seem to be in isolation.
2 student. To draw public attention to the problems of these patients, to teach all people to be tolerant, so that a healthy person would be imbued with understanding and compassion, December 1, 1988 was declared AIDS Day. It is with the disease, and not with the people infected with it. The decision was made after a meeting of the health ministers of all countries, and was intended, among other things, to strengthen the efforts of all aimed at supporting programs for the prevention of this disease.
World AIDS Day -
He is very important, friends!
We will support sick people
We'll help you without saying a word!
We wish everyone recovery,
Be optimistic and patient!
And then you will win,
Breaking the disease's resistance!
Today is AIDS Day
On the calendar, friends,
Give up your life
We can't do it for him.
Let them find a cure,
For those infected with AIDS.
And no one in the war for life,
So as not to be involved.
The battle is not yet lost,
Everyone should just remember
How dangerous is this disease?
So that we don't get sick.
5 student. The purpose of World AIDS Day is to raise global awareness of HIV/AIDS and demonstrate international solidarity in the face of the pandemic. This day is the most meaningful opportunity for public and private sector partners to communicate the status of the pandemic and promote progress in HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment and care in high-prevalence countries and around the world.
6 student. UNAIDS estimates that 35.7 million people aged 15 to 49 years are living with HIV, of whom 26 million are working people. If the calculations include data for all categories of people of working age, including those under the age of 64, as well as for everyone who works in the informal economy at home and outside the home, then the number of HIV-infected people belonging to the category of workers will reach 36 .5 million. Currently, nearly one third of all new AIDS infections and deaths occur in eight sub-Saharan African countries.
red ribbon- symbol of solidarity
with HIV positive people
and with those living with AIDS.
7 student. The Red Ribbon Project was officially launched at the 45th Annual Tony Awards on June 2, 2000. All nominees and participants were asked (and quite successfully) to pin such ribbons. According to the press release announcing the Red Ribbon Project: “The Red Ribbon (an inverted “V”) will be a symbol of our compassion, support and hope for a future without AIDS. The biggest hope for this project is that by December 1st, World AIDS Day, these ribbons will be worn all over the world.”
8 student. And the red ribbon gained enormous popularity. Even though outright AIDSphobia was at its peak, red ribbons increasingly appeared on the lapels of jackets, the brims of hats - wherever you could pin a safety pin. Over the next few years, ribbons became part of the dress code for a select few not only at the Tony ceremonies, but at the Oscars and Emmys as well.
View the presentation “AIDS and its prevention”
The red ribbon is a symbol of the fight against AIDS
The red ribbon is a symbol of the fight against AIDS. The red ribbon is the official international symbol of the fight against AIDS. In April 1991, artist Frank Moore created a red ribbon that became a symbol of hope, uniting the voices of people in the fight against AIDS. This is a sign of involvement in a global problem, a symbol of solidarity with those who have been personally affected by the AIDS epidemic: with HIV-infected and AIDS patients, with their relatives and friends.
Picture 22 from the presentation “Prevention of HIV infection”
Dimensions: 133 x 200 pixels, format: jpg. To download a free picture for a medical lesson, right-click on the image and click “Save image as.” " To display pictures in class, you can also download for free the presentation “Prevention of HIV infection.ppt” in its entirety with all the pictures in a zip archive. The archive size is 4111 KB.
“The fight against terrorism” - the fight against terrorism implies the direct suppression of a terrorist attack or the punishment of those responsible. Use of the Russian Armed Forces. involvement of the armed forces in resolving various conflicts and suppressing terrorist acts; the use of armed forces in an internal armed conflict, as a rule, should be limited and carried out by specially trained units.
“Struggle for existence” - In each column, indicate the serial numbers of the reasons listed above. Which individuals should be considered “losers” in the struggle for existence? The opportunity to leave offspring. Struggle for existence. You are not a predator, but a prey, then your fate is to run away! What causes the struggle for existence? Three forms of the struggle for existence.
“AIDS HIV” - HIV prevalence rate among adults (15?49) [%]. Number of AIDS-related deaths, including adults and children. Number of adults and children living with HIV. Progress in HIV prevention. Goals of the MDG-6 Forum. The main factors hindering the achievement of set goals. UNAIDS World AIDS Day Report | 2011 Faster.
“Khrushchev’s struggle for power” - Reliance on the party apparatus. Foreign policy course. Economic priorities. Minister of the United Ministry of Internal Affairs. Khrushchev N.S. Political programs of I.V.’s successors Stalin in the struggle for power in 1953. Action according to the program. Objectives of the lesson. Political program. For which he was removed from power (criticized).
“The struggle after the death of Stalin” - The impossibility of maintaining the ideal isolation of society. Thaw -? Khrushchev Nikita Sergeevich Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Died in 1971. Democratization or preservation of the command-administrative system? Political processes in the USSR from 1953-1964. Beria Lavrentiy Pavlovich Head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Executed in 1953. G. Malenkov.
"People AIDS" - Drugs. When having sexual intercourse, I use a condom. 14. Stress factors. Antibiotics. 16 rules of safe behavior regarding HIV/AIDS. According to unofficial estimates, 1-1.5 million people. Routes of transmission of HIV infection. Routes of transmission of HIV infections. Immunodeficiency. Nutritional supplements. Life cycle of the AIDS virus - STAGE 2 INFECTION AND PROVIRUS FORMATION.
World AIDS Day 2016: date, red ribbon, celebrities with HIV
At the beginning of winter, people around the world celebrate World AIDS Day. For Russia, the problem of AIDS and HIV is very relevant; experts say that in our country the number of people diagnosed with the human immunodeficiency virus is increasing. Currently, HIV has spread beyond the groups predominantly exposed to the threat of infection (sex minorities, drug addicts, etc.), and is increasingly being found in ordinary people infected from partners who are at risk.
When is World AIDS Day celebrated?
Purpose of World AIDS Day
World AIDS Day is intended to serve as a reminder of the need to stop the global spread of the HIV-AIDS epidemic. On this day, scientists, doctors, and activists try to disseminate information about the status of the HIV-AIDS pandemic and promote progress in the prevention and treatment of this “plague of the 21st century.” Currently, with timely detection and proper preventive treatment, people with HIV can lead lives in quality and duration no different from those who do not have this virus.
The history of World AIDS Day
World AIDS Day was proclaimed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1988, and since 1996 it has been carried out by the specially created organization UNAIDS (UNAids).
The World AIDS Day initiative was first proposed by James W. Bunn and Thomas Netter who worked for the WHO Global AIDS Programme. The idea was accepted and December 1 was chosen as the date.
In 1996, the Joint United Nations Program on HIV-AIDS (UNAIDS) took over the planning and promotion of World AIDS Day.
In 2004, the World Program against AIDS (UNAids) became an independent organization.
Symbol of World AIDS Day
The symbol of the fight against AIDS is a red ribbon pinned to the lapel in the shape of an inverted Latin letter V. The idea belongs to an American artist Frank Moore, who proposed this symbol in 1991. The initiative was accepted by the Visual AIDS group, and the red ribbon quickly became the official and recognizable symbol of the fight against HIV-AIDS.
Celebrities with HIV and AIDS
Many celebrities live with HIV, including:
ex-Minister of Culture of Great Britain Chris Smith;
NBA basketball player Irwin Johnson;
Four-time Olympic winner and five-time world champion in diving Greg Louganis;
Russian TV presenter Pavel Lobkov, and many others.
choreographer Rudolf Nureyev;
science fiction writer Isaac Asimov and other celebrities.
The HIV-AIDS denial movement (AIDS/HIV denialism), whose adherents are called HIV dissidents, denies the scientifically proven fact that the human immunodeficiency virus causes AIDS in the absence of adequate treatment. Some of the participants in the movement deny the very fact of the existence of HIV, and consider AIDS to be a certain consequence of experiments on humanity. The scientific community does not accept and considers the views of HIV dissidents anti-scientific. HIV-positive “dissidents” who refuse treatment die much more often and earlier than their fellow sufferers who scrupulously follow doctors’ orders.
Information agency (mass media registration certificate IA No. FS 77 - 65407 issued on April 18, 2016, EL No. FS 77 - 68439 issued on January 27, 2017 by the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Press)
Some publications may contain information not intended for users under 18 years of age.
Class hour December 1 - World AIDS Day. Completed by: college library team 2013 STATE BUDGET EDUCATIONAL. - presentation
Presentation on the topic: "Class hour December 1 - World AIDS Day. Completed by: the college library team of 2013 STATE BUDGET EDUCATION.” - Transcript:
1 Class hour December 1st – World AIDS Day. Completed by: college library team 2013 STATE BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION OF THE CITY OF MOSCOW FINANCE COLLEGE 35
3 December 1 marks World HIV/AIDS Day, which serves to strengthen organizational efforts to combat the HIV pandemic that continues to spread throughout all regions of the planet. Over the years, HIV/AIDS has claimed more than 25 million lives, more than 34 million people have been infected with HIV, and 16 million children have been left without parents. Until now, more than seven thousand people, including one thousand children, are infected with this virus every day. No country has escaped the dire consequences of this truly global epidemic. There are about 800 thousand HIV-infected people registered in the Russian Federation. Every six seconds, 1 person in the world becomes infected.
4 Everyone knows about what a terrible disease AIDS is. And everyone understands what consequences the spread of this disease can lead to. And the majority of the healthy population of the planet avoids communicating with those infected with AIDS, and they seem to be in isolation. To draw public attention to the problems of these patients, to teach all people to be tolerant, so that a healthy person would be imbued with understanding and compassion, December 1, 1988 was declared AIDS Day. It is with the disease, and not with the people infected with it. The decision was made after a meeting of the health ministers of all countries, and was intended, among other things, to strengthen the efforts of everyone aimed at supporting programs for the prevention of this disease. 2000 is worn by activists, and on December 1 by all progressive-minded people
5 . Message from UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan on the occasion of World AIDS Day, 1 December 2005 During the World Summit held at the United Nations in September 2005, country leaders pledged to fully implement the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS adopted in 2001 year, by expanding its efforts in prevention, treatment, care and support so that everyone, without exception, has access to life-sustaining programs. Next year we will review the progress made in implementing this declaration.
6 Federal Law of March 30, 1995 N 38-FZ “On preventing the spread in the Russian Federation of the disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV infection)” Adopted by the State Duma on February 24, 1995 This Federal Law applies the following concepts: HIV infection - a chronic disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus; (as amended by Federal Law No. 230-FZ) HIV-infected persons are persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Article 2. Legislation of the Russian Federation on preventing the spread of HIV infection 1. The legislation of the Russian Federation on preventing the spread of HIV infection consists of this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts adopted in accordance with them, as well as laws and other regulatory legal acts acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. 2. Federal laws and other regulatory legal acts, as well as laws and other regulatory legal acts of constituent entities of the Russian Federation cannot reduce the guarantees provided for by this Federal Law. 3. If international treaties of the Russian Federation establish rules other than those provided for by this Federal Law, then the rules of international treaties apply. Article 3. Application of this Federal Law This Federal Law applies to citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons located on the territory of the Russian Federation, including those permanently residing in the Russian Federation, and also applies to enterprises, institutions and organizations registered in the prescribed manner on the territory of the Russian Federation, regardless of their organizational and legal form. Article 4. State guarantees 1. The state guarantees: regular informing of the population, including through the media, about available measures to prevent HIV infection; epidemiological surveillance of the spread of HIV infection on the territory of the Russian Federation; production of means for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection with the safety of medications, biological fluids and tissues used for diagnostic, therapeutic and scientific purposes; availability of medical examination to detect HIV infection (hereinafter referred to as medical examination), including anonymous, with preliminary and subsequent consultation and ensuring the safety of such medical examination for both the person being examined and the person conducting the examination; provision of medical care to HIV-infected citizens of the Russian Federation
7 The global theme of this day was the slogan Universal Access and Human Rights, implying not only access to information, but also access to diagnosis, treatment and the preservation of all social rights. Young people are vital to an effective response to HIV/AIDS, and young people must be equipped with knowledge, skills and resources. Students are central to the fight against the pandemic and to any effort to contain and reduce its spread.
8 Scary numbers HIV/AIDS Every day in Russia there are 120 new cases of HIV infection. Today in Russia there are over 500 thousand people infected, including children.
9 As of January 1, 2010, HIV-infected citizens aged 15 years and older were registered in Ukraine. Ukraine is even ahead of Africa in terms of incidence growth rates. At the current rate of development of the disease in 2014, 140 people will die from AIDS in Ukraine every day Human.
10 HIV – human immunodeficiency virus AIDS – acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
12 The first blood sample in which antibodies to HIV were detected was blood obtained from an African donor in 1959. Further, HIV was found in blood donated by African donors in the early 70s
13 AIDS originated on the African continent and subsequently spread to Europe and America. There were no cases of HIV infection recorded among elderly people, as well as children aged 5-6 years. All this indicated the recent emergence of the disease in Africa.
14 The virus was obtained in one of the secret military laboratories using genetic engineering from fragments of two viruses. The structure of the virus has a high degree of affinity with natural components - retroviruses. Therefore, the “Pentagon” version is untenable
15 Most experts are inclined to believe that the virus has a natural origin.
16 For the first time in the scientific literature, a message appeared that in the United States, patients with damage to the immune system were identified, which is accompanied by a number of side diseases. The discoverers of the virus were Luc Montagnier (France) and Robert Gallo (USA). In 1983 (just two years after the first cases of the disease were identified), the virus that causes AIDS was isolated from the lymph node of an AIDS patient.
18 . HIV IS NOT TRANSMITTED: 1. through friendly hugs and kisses 2. through handshakes 3. through the use of cutlery, bedding 4. through industrial and home furnishings 5. through plumbing equipment, when using a swimming pool, shower 6. in public transport 7. insects, including blood-sucking ones 8. by airborne droplets
19 Mother and child... According to the World Health Organization, the risk of transmitting HIV infection from mother to child without any intervention is 20–45%. With appropriate treatment, this risk can be reduced to 1-2%.
20 38-year-old Alba has been a carrier of the AIDS virus since 2003 and the mother of four healthy sons in whom the AIDS virus was not detected. Alba poses for a photograph with two of her sons outside the Escuela Hospital in the Honduran capital Tegucigalpa.
21 There are still no vaccines to prevent AIDS, and drug therapy for this disease is not effective enough. The main problem in creating drugs is the high variability of the structure and properties of HIV
22 The average life expectancy of an HIV-infected person is approximately 12 years, but modern drugs increase this figure by 2-3 times. Modern AIDS drugs act inside the cell, preventing HIV from multiplying.
23 Sexual relations Over the past two years, the number of people infected through sexual contact has almost doubled. Today, 45% of infections occur through unprotected sex.
24 Drug addiction Of the total number of HIV-infected people, drug addicts make up 88% In Ukraine, there are 450 thousand young people with a dual diagnosis of HIV drug addiction... 52% of HIV infections occur “through a syringe”...
25 SIMPLE RULES AGAINST AIDS (HIV) Avoid casual sex Use condoms outside/before marriage Maintain mutual fidelity in marriage Use only sterile syringes Do not use drugs Visit only licensed dentists and tattoo and piercing artists Razor and toothbrush - only your personal items! Remember! There is currently NO vaccine for HIV!
26 Whether there is a virus in the body or not, a blood test can show - HIV TEST An HIV test shows the presence of antibodies in the human body Medical examination for HIV infection is FREE Whatever the test result, it remains a medical secret If you want to know more, call and ask! Helpline Website: Check yourself! Take an HIV test!
27 Global AIDS deaths have fallen by 21 percent. The peak in HIV deaths was recorded in 2005. By 2010, this figure had dropped by 21 percent to 1.8 million deaths. In 2011, the theme of the day was “Reaching Zero: Zero New HIV Infections. Zero discrimination. Zero deaths due to AIDS"
28 “We are together!” is a network project. The main goal is to dispel the myth that HIV-positive people are dangerous. HIV is not transmitted through friendship, through communication, through joint work. The goal of the network project is to increase the level of tolerance towards people living with HIV
30 World campaign “We are against AIDS”
31 World AIDS Day City Hall on World AIDS Day Sydney Opera House on World AIDS Day London Eye London Eye one of the largest Ferris wheels in the world Red ribbon on the White House in Washington. St Paul's Cathedral in London
32:. Moscow Information Project on the Prevention of HIV Infection and AIDS 2013 News INTERNATIONAL VIRUSOLOGY WEEK Leading experts from around the world discussed the most pressing aspects of the fight against infections, from the creation of a universal flu shot to the latest developments in the field of HIV treatment. VIRUSOLOGISTS CONTINUE THE SEARCH FOR A VACCINE AGAINST HIV The scientific and practical conference “Moscow International Virology Week” has opened in Moscow.
33 People light candles in memory of those who died from AIDS
36 Social advertising In recent years, more and more advertising has appeared aimed at promoting the fight against HIV and AIDS. Capacious slogans, bright and even shocking videos have become one of the simplest and most effective ways to convey important information to people all over the world.
37 Skip to end Why did we not know such a disease as AIDS until almost the middle of the twentieth century? Perhaps, due to environmental pollution, a mutation of an old virus occurred or is it a completely new virus? The head of the Moscow City Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS, Professor Alexey Mazus, answered some questions. Is it possible to become infected with AIDS while being treated in a hospital? Can a person live and not know that he has this infection if he has never gone anywhere or donated blood? Or are there obvious signs that clearly indicate this disease? Can you give an absolute guarantee that in our time it is impossible to contract AIDS through a blood transfusion? Is it true that drugs have appeared to prevent HIV infection? My wife was allegedly diagnosed with HIV. We have been living together for three years, she is sick, but I am not, and the child is healthy for 2.5 years. How to explain this? answer
38 There are no new viruses, and the immunodeficiency virus has been around for quite a long time. In the case of HIV, we are talking about a mutation of a virus that was present in Central Africa (and is now in monkeys there), then was transmitted to tribes, people, and went on to wander around the world somewhere in the late 6070s. This is the most reliable theory of the development of this virus. HIV has several strains: HIV-1, HIV-2, there is even HIV0, it was isolated not so long ago 10 years ago from green monkeys. New diseases are emerging and we are looking at Central Africa as the area where life appeared at all. And this is an active area in terms of virus mutations and the emergence of new infections. Why did we not know such a disease as AIDS until almost the middle of the twentieth century? Perhaps, due to environmental pollution, a mutation of an old virus occurred or is it a completely new virus? Skip to end Skip to questions
39 Is it possible to become infected with AIDS while being treated in a hospital? In our Moscow hospitals, if you remember, at the very beginning of the development of the HIV epidemic, there was a tragic incident when children were infected with unsterile syringes and through catheters. Since then, there have been no cases of infection in Russia, that is, for more than 20 years. Today, medical procedures in the hospital are quite safe. There are sanitary norms and rules, there is a whole range of measures that allows us to assume that the provision of medical care in developed countries (and we are a developed country) is safe in terms of HIV infection. Skip to questions Skip to end
40 Can a person live and not know that he has this infection if he has never gone anywhere or donated blood? Or are there obvious signs that clearly indicate this disease? As a rule, after infection, a fairly acute course of the disease occurs, but it is confused with acute respiratory infections or influenza. After this, the symptoms disappear within the first two months after infection, and then a person can live for almost 78 years, completely unaware that he has this infection until the immune system begins to collapse. Today it is important that everyone gets tested for HIV. In general, it is necessary for people to visit the doctor more often; this is a general trend that should be inculcated in our society. And you need to take an HIV test regularly: this makes it possible to detect the disease in time and start treatment on time. This is the guarantee that a person who has this virus can live a long, full life Go to the end Go to questions
41 It's true. This is one of the sensations that the world press is discussing today. The principle of action of these drugs is similar to the principle of operation of the so-called. post-exposure prophylaxis. For example, when a doctor had a cut during an operation or a person had an unexpected contact and the risk of infection is high, antiretroviral drugs are prescribed in the first hours after this event, which reduces the risk of infection tenfold. A similar model was tried in a new drug study among gay men who were not using birth control. They were given one of the drugs and were monitored for a long time. As a result, the effect was 44%. This is better than all the vaccines created so far. A gel was made from the same drug, which is inserted into women's vaginas. But it’s easier to have one partner than to take such drugs Skip to end Skip to questions
42 No, I can't. But in our country, a service has been created at transfusion stations that allows for high-quality control of donor material. A system for diagnosing donor blood has been created no worse than in Europe. The plasma quarantine system introduced by us guarantees the safety of donor material. Only in recent years have we seen a revival of donation propaganda. Today, from the attention of Minister Tatyana Golikova to donation, we see that this is issue 1 for all healthcare. A donor is a person who a priori does not have HIV infection, but is a healthy person. Our country occupies a special place in donation; the leader of our donation program, Alexander Bogdanov, is the greatest philosopher, scientist, and politician, although now little is known about him. At the start of donation in the world, there were two models: Americans began to take blood for money, Europeans began to take blood for free. Bogdanov came up with another idea: donation unites people, blood is something that is common to all religions, to all races. Today this idea can help develop the donor movement. Donation must be free of charge. And indirectly this is the fight against AIDS. Skip to questions Skip to end
43 My wife was allegedly diagnosed with HIV. We have been living together for three years, she is sick, but I am not, and the child is healthy for 2.5 years. How to explain this? HIV-infected women most often give birth to healthy children. And regarding the fact that spouses can have different HIV statuses, this is true. HIV infection is not the most contagious disease. Most couples infect each other by the age of 3 years of marriage. And with one-time contact, the risk of infection is small - this is the peculiarity of this infection. In addition, there is a small percentage of people who cannot become infected with HIV at all; they lack one of the receptors that draws the virus into the cell. There are approximately 1% of such people. There are also people who have had the infection for many years but do not need medication. Skip to questions Skip to end
Every year on December 1, World AIDS Day, adopted in 1988, is celebrated. This day is not a public holiday, but for everyone who is actively fighting the deadly syndrome, this is a very important and serious date. The event does not have the character of a grand holiday, since this day is dedicated not only to preventive measures, but also to the memory of victims of a dangerous disease.
What is AIDS?
AIDS is a progressive viral disease that makes the body vulnerable to serious infections. The deadly virus was first registered on June 5, 1981 by scientists from America. Despite the fact that more than 30 years have passed, no one has yet managed to defeat the disease. Unfortunately, in Russia, AIDS is already an epidemic and the only way to protect yourself is to carefully follow all preventive measures. Anyone can be tested for AIDS; pregnant women and people undergoing surgery are required to test for the virus.
AIDS is spreading with catastrophic progression and today the number of cases has reached 52 million people. The immunodeficiency virus affects both antisocial people and those who became infected due to their own negligence. Most of the sick people are working-age population under 50 years of age. World AIDS Day is dedicated to confronting this epidemic, as a reminder that a dangerous disease is always somewhere nearby.
The history of the holiday
The idea of holding AIDS Day came from World Health Organization staff James Bunnon and Thomas Netter. The proposal was announced in 1987 and came into force in 1988.
Why is AIDS Day celebrated on December 1st? The Americans had elections this year, which were actively discussed in the media and citizens were quite fed up with. The public needed new events, so the success of AIDS Day was guaranteed.
Initially, on December 1, special attention was paid to working with youth and the younger generation. But, since the disease was spreading throughout the world at an astronomical speed, it was decided to bring as much information as possible to representatives of all ages. After all, as numerous studies have shown, not all adults have an accurate understanding of AIDS and measures to prevent it.
In 1996, the United Nations Organization on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) was formed to combat AIDS and was entrusted with the coordination and planning of this special date. This organization also has a representative office in Russia.
Traditions
On AIDS Day, December 1, thematic seminars, lectures, various events and exhibitions are organized, the task of which is to convey to society the globality and seriousness of the problem. The organizers are charitable foundations, research and scientific centers, and social movements. By attending these events, you will learn the whole truth and myths about the disease, its routes of transmission and, most importantly, prevention. Also, the organizers are faced with the task of developing loyalty to all AIDS patients, for whom the diagnosis should not become a reason to be excluded from society.
A special place on this day is occupied by educational work in educational institutions. Specialists provide the younger generation with maximum information about the disease, emphasizing the mandatory use of high-quality contraceptives. Students are involved in the production of thematic wall newspapers, posters, and presentations.
In many large cities on December 1, you can see mobile blood collection stations, where everyone can take a rapid test for HIV. Campaigns are often organized to distribute free contraceptives. And even if this is only a small part of what can be done to prevent the spread of the disease, all this will certainly help someone and make them think.
For World AIDS Day, television programs, documentaries, and talk shows dedicated to this global problem for all of humanity are broadcast on television. Active participation in the fight against the plague of the 20-21st century. hosted by show business stars and media personalities. Music videos and videos are being shot on the topic of AIDS, focusing attention on the problem. Many charitable foundations regularly allocate grants for research activities aimed at finding new effective measures to combat AIDS. At conferences, scientists share valuable experience and new progressive discoveries.
Holiday symbol
The symbol of the fight against AIDS has become the red ribbon, which today can be seen on all information media related to the disease. The attribute of understanding and support for all AIDS patients appeared in 1991 based on a sketch by American artist Frank Moore. The man came up with the idea after observing a neighboring family wear yellow ribbons as a symbol of hope for the return of their military daughter from the Persian Gulf. Frank Moore suggested that such a ribbon, only red, could become a symbol of the fight against the disease and voiced his idea to the Visual AIDS group, consisting of professional artists.
The artist’s idea was approved and at the 45th Tony Awards ceremony, held on June 2, 2000, a red ribbon, resembling an inverted English letter “V,” became the official symbol of the fight against AIDS. Everyone present at the event wore this commemorative attribute, launching a worldwide campaign of remembrance and confrontation. The laconic red ribbon very quickly earned its popularity; it is worn not only on December 1, but also at all events where the topic of AIDS is relevant.
Olga Malykh
“Red Ribbon” event for high school students dedicated to World AIDS Day
PROMOTION« red ribbon» ,
dedicated to World AIDS Day
Hello, dear friends! I tell you "Hello", which means that everyone I wish you health! Have you ever thought about why greetings include wishing each other health? Probably because health is the most important value for a person. But, unfortunately, we start talking about health when we lose it! In today's lesson we will also talk about our health, about bad habits that destroy not only health, but also human lives. December 1st the whole world remembers AIDS, about HIV infection, about precautions, about the way to overcome this terrible disease.
Tolerance - isn't that what they teach you in school?
After all, people living with HIV lose not only their health.
They lose their jobs and their livelihoods.
So let's call everyone to compassion!
Stop, planet, run!
So that everyone can hear others,
And so that every person
I found my hope to survive.
Students with letters:
"WITH"– syndrome means a complex of symptoms characteristic of a particular disease.
"P"– acquired – means received from another person, because this virus lives only in the human body.
"AND", "D"– immunodeficiency – because the virus destroys a person’s immunity, his defenses against viruses and bacteria.
Video 1.
Reader 1. AIDS spreading across our planet. Every day, month, year there are more and more patients.
Reader 2. One of the ways of spreading HIV infection is through syringes. This is the main route of transmission of HIV infection among drug addicts who inject drugs intravenously, intramuscularly or subcutaneously.
In 2015, 2,089 HIV-infected people died from various causes in St. Petersburg, including 104 directly from AIDS.
Reader 1. This can happen when transfusion of blood or its components, when applying a tattoo, or piercing the ears.
Reader 2. The most unfair route of transmission in relation to its victims is the route of transmission of HIV from mother to child.
In Russia, the number of HIV-infected children is growing.
Over the past few years, the number of people infected through sexual contact has been increasing.
In the world, the number of infected people increases by 5 million per year, and approximately 2,500 young people join the ranks of HIV-infected people every day. In Russia, the virus has been detected in 589,000 people, in fact their number is more than 1 million, 79% of them are young people aged 15 to 30 years.
1 Reader: On this day, we cannot help but remember the people who died from this terrible disease.
2 Reader: Tradition of remembering those who died from AIDS originated in the USA. That's where the symbolism came from. anti-AIDS movement: red ribbon. Blood Color Memory Ribbon. This is not just a sign of remembrance of those who died from AIDS, but also a sign of solidarity with those whom the epidemic has personally affected.
1 Reader: We ask everyone to honor the memory of those who died from AIDS minute of silence.
2 Reader: HIV/ AIDS has no boundaries, he doesn’t care whether you are rich or poor, he does not distinguish people by age, nationality, which means he can touch everyone.
1 Reader: Think about it today, now! Life is full of miracles and beautiful, but next to beautiful - evil walks, which cripples human destinies and takes their lives.
2 Reader: Our future is in our hands! And we must preserve ourselves for the future life.
1 Reader: If we exist, then there will be life on our planet.
2 Reader: After all, life is what people love most and for some reason cherish least.
1 Reader:
Years will pass, centuries will pass...
We believe that life will turn around!
2 Reader:
And our children will rejoice
To the fact that on Earth there is LIVING LIFE.
On the threshold of the millennium
There comes a time when
We are responsible for everything,
Flipping through the years.
2 Reader:
The man who conquered the sky
Inventing a miracle of technology,
Getting into bad habits
He forgets about his health.
1 Reader:
I don't want to resign myself to fate
And I'll say to all the girls,
For boys: “Wait!
These games with death
Will lead to trouble
And for life, for happiness
They won't give anything."
2 Reader:
And my advice is probably
Very simple,
Let's say friendly: "No"
This death is empty.
He will be happy in his own way
Each of you,
So that the fire of this life
Never went out!
Reader 1:
You always said: “The planet is our home.
All in the name, for the good, for us.
And when we grow up and gain wisdom,
Our time will come in this world!”
Just what do we see around us every day?
World not alive at all, turns into a shadow.
Evil has captured people, it is squeezing the ring,
We are afraid to look each other in the face.
Instead of wonderful fairy tales, we see only dirt,
Instead of polite words - only "bastard" or "scum".
Young people spend hours in basements.
And there is emptiness in the eyes, and only lies from the lips.
A syringe and a needle replace this whole world for her.
Our lives are a target, and our world is a shooting gallery.
The world is imperfect and so difficult,
Plays leapfrog with people.
It's like he's rotten over an abyss bridge:
Step - and you are already in hell.
He devours people like a beast
Can't get enough.
Shouts to the person walking ahead: “Believe it!”
But if you stumble, it will destroy you.
We can change everything, me and you.
Let us close the mouth of fiery Gehenna,
Let's bring back forgotten, faded dreams
And virtuous power.
1 Reader: You are the masters of this planet. Choose what you want expensive: clean air or cigarette smoke. Remember: It is very easy to make a mistake, but it is difficult to correct it. Don't forget to lend a helping hand to those in trouble.
2 Reader: Know how to choose your friends. Remember: old friend is better than the new two. Now school is the most important thing in your life. Without knowledge you are nothing. You came into this world to live and benefit people.
1 Reader: Remember: AIDS doesn't sleep! The only cure for AIDS - your common sense. Remember: a syringe and a needle are not a solution. Remember: You are responsible for the lives of those around you. Remember: the brave one is not the one who learned to smoke, drink, take drugs, but the one who managed to give it up and helped others do it.
2 Reader: “Life is given to a person once, and one must live it in such a way that it does not cause excruciating pain for the years spent aimlessly.”
Teacher:
Guys, you've probably heard about Mother Teresa's spiritual testament - a special philosophical and poetic testament, in which said:
Life is an opportunity, take advantage of it.
Life - beauty. Admire her.
Life is bliss. Taste it.
Life is a dream. Make it happen.
Life is a challenge. Accept it
Life is a duty. Do it.
Life is a game. Play it.
Life is wealth. Treasure them.
Life love. Enjoy it.
Life is a mystery. Get to know her.
Life is a chance. Use it.
Life is grief. Overcome him.
Life - struggle. Bear with her.
Life is an adventure. Decide on it.
Life is a tragedy. Get over it.
Life is happiness. Create it.
Life is too much beautiful. Don't ruin her.
Life is your life. Fight for her!
Agree, it is very useful to understand the meaning of these words everyone...
Is it difficult for you? Don't you see any way out? Tired of fighting? Stop for a moment and read... Remember: Life is happiness!
Is your life filled with challenges? Do you constantly prove to yourself and others that you are right? That's how it should be be: life is struggle!
Fight for your life!
Let's live an interesting life, because how much pleasure you can get from playing sports, dancing, communicating with each other! Life is the most important thing, it is what people strive to preserve most and, sometimes, protect least.
About World AIDS Day
According to the decision of the World Health Organization and the United Nations, World AIDS Day (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is celebrated on December 1 every year (since 1988).
This date was set in order to attract the attention of the world community to the spread of HIV infection and AIDS, which has assumed the scale of a global pandemic spreading across all regions of the world.
The emblem of AIDS Day is a “red ribbon” folded in a special way. This emblem was created in April 1991 by American artist Frank Moore (died of AIDS in 2002 at the age of 48). Not a single event dedicated to the fight against AIDS is now complete without a “red ribbon”, which is used as a logo by WHO, UN agencies, and various charitable foundations.
The motto of World AIDS Day is
“Direction to the goal “ZERO”
Achieving zero new HIV infections, zero discrimination, zero AIDS deaths is the goal of World AIDS Day for these five years.
What is HIV/AIDS?
HIV is a human immunodeficiency virus. This virus lives only in the human body and when exposed to open air dies within a few minutes. It should be noted that in used, unsterilized syringes, the virus can remain viable for several days due to residual blood or other liquid inside the needle. However, for transmission of the virus to occur, the contents of such a syringe must be injected into the person's bloodstream.
Doctors have a special term “HIV status,” which reflects the presence or absence of the immunodeficiency virus in the human body. A positive status means that HIV is in the human body, a negative status means that there is no virus in the blood. People who have HIV in their body are usually called HIV positive or people living with HIV. People who do not have HIV are called HIV negative.
When HIV enters the human bloodstream, it affects a certain category of cells that have so-called CD-4 receptors (receptors through which HIV is able to enter the cell). These include immune cells: T-lymphocytes (provide recognition and destruction of cells carrying foreign antigens) and macrophages (eater cells capable of actively capturing and digesting bacteria, the remains of dead cells and other particles foreign or toxic to the body). The virus penetrates these cells and begins to multiply, thereby shortening the lifespan of lymphocytes. If a person does not take any measures to combat HIV, then after 5-10 years immunity - the body’s ability to resist various diseases - begins to gradually decline and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) develops. The immune system weakens, that is, immunodeficiency develops: a person becomes vulnerable to many opportunistic infections (these are infections caused by pathogens that do not cause disease in a person with normal immunity, but can be deadly for patients with severely reduced immunity). These include Pneumocystis pneumonia, tuberculosis, candidiasis, herpes zoster, etc.
Current treatment methods (the so-called highly active antiretroviral therapy, or HAART) allow an HIV-positive person to maintain a normal level of immune defense, that is, they prevent the onset of AIDS for a very long time.
AIDS is a reversible condition: with the use of antiretroviral therapy, the concentration of the virus in the blood decreases, the number of immune cells increases, and the person's condition becomes asymptomatic.
Thus, treatment allows an HIV-positive person to live a long and fulfilling life. The person remains HIV positive, but AIDS does not develop. Treatment also reduces the risk of transmission of the virus, as its concentration in the blood is greatly reduced.
Treatment for positive HIV status begins when the concentration of the virus in the blood increases sharply (up to one hundred thousand copies of the virus per milliliter of blood) or when less than two hundred CD4 lymphocytes remain in one milliliter of blood. Until this moment, the immune system of an HIV-positive person successfully resists various diseases, and there is no need to prescribe medications.
How is HIV transmitted?
HIV is transmitted through certain fluids of the human body - those fluids in which the concentration of the virus is sufficient for infection and those that people exchange in one way or another: blood, semen and pre-ejaculate, vaginal and cervical secretions, mother's breast milk.
Transmission routes:
- Unprotected sexual contact with a person infected with HIV.
- Blood-to-blood – when using drugs together, sharing unsterile medical instruments.
- From mother to child, if the mother has HIV, and during pregnancy she is not seen by a doctor, does not take prescribed medications, or breastfeeds the child.
When did people first hear about HIV/AIDS?
Scientists believe that the first cases of HIV/AIDS occurred in the United States, Haiti and Africa in the mid-70s. However, it can be assumed that the virus began to spread much earlier. To this day, no one knows for sure about the origin of this disease. But, nevertheless, the later stages of the epidemic are reliably recorded:
1979 - 1981— Doctors in New York and Los Angeles noticed unusual immune disorders in a number of homosexual male patients. Doctors initially called the disease “gay-associated immunodeficiency” because the first cases of an unknown disorder of the immune system were observed only in homosexual men.
1982— The Centers for Disease Control in the United States has added a new name to the disease registry: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It was described in the USA and Western Europe. Official surveillance of the disease began.
1982 - 1983— AIDS has been linked to blood transfusions, intravenous drug use and congenital infections. Also, scientific researchers and practitioners have concluded that AIDS is the result of a possible viral infection transmitted through sexual contact.
1984- in France, a virus was isolated, which was called “lymphadenopathy-associated virus”, because it was found in patients with chronic enlargement of lymph nodes. At the same time, a virus was isolated in the United States called “T-cell lymphotropic human virus, type three,” which was identical to the virus isolated in France. That same year, the first studies showed that AIDS was widespread in Africa among people who had heterosexual sex.
1984— Ryan White (USA, Indiana), a teenager with hemophilia, who became aware that he had AIDS, was expelled from school on the initiative of the parents of his classmates. Later, this incident is presented as the most savage reaction to the epidemic on the part of society. Until the end of his short life, this boy, with the support of his parents, tried to explain to American society that AIDS is not transmitted through everyday contact.
1985— the first clinical trials of drugs to combat HIV under controlled conditions began in the United States.
1985— in the USSR, the first cases of AIDS were identified among foreign African students studying at Soviet universities.
1987— in the USSR, the registration of the first case of AIDS in a citizen of the country was officially announced.
1991— 82 AIDS service organizations were opened in Russia.
1995– adoption of the Law of the Russian Federation “On preventing the spread of the disease caused by HIV in the Russian Federation.”
1998— the development of effective drugs with minimal side effects that support the condition of an HIV-infected person and prolong his life is coming to an end. Treatment with these drugs is called complex therapy (tri-therapy). An HIV positive person takes three or two different drugs at the same time. After the development of complex therapy, experts do not recommend treatment with a single drug.
HIV infection: truth and misconceptions
Many people are afraid of contracting HIV through ordinary household contact. In reality, these fears are unfounded, and routine contact with people living with HIV/AIDS is completely safe. There are many myths around HIV infection: some consider the disease to be a final death sentence, others are afraid to be around an HIV-positive person, mistakenly believing that HIV infection is transmitted through the air.
Myth 1: HIV positive person has a very different appearance
HIV-positive people are no different from ordinary people, since for a long time the disease does not manifest itself at all, in addition, HIV does not have specific clinical signs. A person’s HIV status can only be determined through appropriate testing.
Myth 2: You can become infected with HIV at home
In fact, HIV is not transmitted by airborne droplets - that is, by coughing and sneezing, as well as through handshakes and hugs with an HIV-positive person - intact skin serves as a reliable barrier to the virus. In addition, the virus is destroyed very quickly in the external environment. Therefore, HIV is not transmitted through towels, clothes, bed linen, or dishes.
Myth 3: HIV can be transmitted through saliva, sweat and tears
The virus can indeed be present in these biological fluids, but the amount of it in them is small, so there is no risk of infection under normal conditions. For example, for the dose of virus in saliva to become sufficient for infection, three liters of saliva are needed; if the saliva is mixed with blood, then ten milliliters. If we talk about sweat, then it takes a whole bath of sweat to become infected; in the case of tears, it takes a whole pool.
Myth 4: HIV can be contracted in a swimming pool or sauna
As we said earlier, HIV is very unstable in the external environment and is quickly destroyed, therefore it is also impossible to become infected with HIV in this way.
Myth 5: Children infected with HIV can infect a healthy child through play together, for example, by biting. Therefore, such children should attend special kindergartens or schools, separate from healthy children
Children don't bite each other that often. In addition, HIV infection requires a lot of saliva, which is probably why no such case of infection has been recorded in the entire history of the epidemic. All over the world, children infected with HIV attend regular schools and kindergartens and should not be isolated from healthy children.
Myth 6: Mosquitoes transmit HIV through bites
If this myth were true, then probably the entire population of the globe would already be infected with HIV. However, HIV cannot live and multiply in the body of a mosquito; in addition, too little virus fits on the mosquito’s proboscis; this amount is clearly not enough for infection.
Myth 7: A pregnant woman infected with HIV will definitely infect her child
Indeed, such a route of HIV transmission exists. However, with modern developments in medicine, proper treatment of a pregnant woman reduces the risk of transmitting HIV to a child to 2-3%.
Myth 8: It is dangerous to be a donor - you can become infected with HIV when transfusing donor plasma
In terms of HIV infection, donating blood does not pose any danger to the donor. All manipulations are performed with strictly sterile medical instruments and in accordance with basic safety rules. There have been no cases of infection during donation in Russia.
- Talk about the problem calmly, using easily understandable and clearly reliable facts. Be prepared for the fact that a conversation on this topic will raise many other related questions.
- Under no circumstances should you be scared by a scary and dangerous virus. You have a completely different goal - to protect and convey information.
- You should not think that this issue of informing a teenager about HIV/AIDS will be resolved by itself. For any answer, he should come to you. You must inspire confidence.
- Instill in your child unshakable values and standards of behavior that cannot subsequently be destroyed by false information and outside influence.
Prevention of HIV/AIDS
To date, a vaccine (vaccination) against HIV infection has not been created. To protect yourself from infection, it is important to follow simple rules:
- remain faithful to one partner;
- use a condom every time you have sexual intercourse;
If you want to keep abreast of the Center’s news, schedule of lectures and trainings, learn about the publication of new interesting articles, join
