Home Orthopedics Using a well to supply water to your home. Water supply to a private house from a well: diagram and features

Orthopedics

Using a well to supply water to your home. Water supply to a private house from a well: diagram and features

Arranging your own plumbing system is an important point both for an already built house and during its construction. To provide a private home with water, it is necessary to choose an acceptable water supply scheme, which is primarily based on the level of groundwater.

Next, you will need to drill a well and equip a caisson for it, purchase a set of pipes, pumping equipment, and automation. This is followed by installation of the entire plumbing system, taking into account the subtleties of each stage. To fully understand the specifics of arranging an autonomous water supply system, it is necessary to delve into the issue in all details.

Peculiarities

The autonomous water supply system at home consists of three main parts:

water source;
pumping station – consists of a pump and a hydraulic accumulator (storage tank);
pipeline - ensures the movement of water from one unit of the hydraulic system to another, right up to the entrance to the house.

When building a house, the fresh water supply system and sewer system are considered and designed together due to the complexity of implementing them separately. In addition, for normal operation, the main components must be supplemented with the following minor ones:

caisson – performs the protective function of the well and equipment;
cleaning filters;
water heating equipment;
control automation.

Designing an autonomous water supply is the initial and one of the main stages, since the system has a complex structure and many operating features. To draw up a project, they most often turn to specialized companies or private experts. The plan consists of many elements: necessary documentation, planning the placement of all components, correct selection of a water source and calculations that combine everything into a single system. The project may also include a system for further water distribution inside the house. Ultimately, a well is drilled along it and all the necessary equipment is installed.

A summer house in a country house or a private house in villages may well receive water supply from a well. You can use a small-sized design or a homemade well-type model can be used. Just don’t forget about insulating the structure if you decide to do it yourself.

For water supply, a mini-drilling rig is often used. It can also be used to perform iron removal procedures.

Kinds

The main feature of a pressure tank system is the tank, which is placed at a high height and thereby creates pressure in the system. An attic can be used for these purposes, but if one is not available, a pressure tower is built. The container can also be installed on a nearby high hill. In the future, wiring is done from this tank to all water intake points in the house.

The operation of a pressure tank system can be described as follows:

Water is pumped into the tank from a well or borehole using a pump. The water level in the tank is controlled by a float, which turns off the pump when it is filled, and turns it on again when it is empty.
The height of the pressure tower determines the pressure in the system. The higher it is, the greater the pressure. This feature allows you to provide water to all water intake points without using a pump in constant mode.

The pressure tank system has several serious advantages:

Energy savings, since the pump only works to inflate the pressure tank, where its power is used to its full potential.
Even if there is a power outage, the tank will provide water in the tap. If there is a hill nearby or the house is located on its slope, you can install a large tank, which will make using the hydraulic system as energy efficient as possible.

This system also has its drawbacks. If the tank is located low above the water intake level, the pressure will be low. This indicator is also affected by the number of simultaneously open taps. In such conditions, some household electrical appliances may not function, for example, an automatic washing machine, electric water heater, dishwasher, autonomous heating, etc.

If the tank is located on the roof of the house, then if the automation fails, there is a chance of the building being flooded with water. To reduce damage, an emergency drain system is used, whose operating principle is similar to a drain in a bathtub or washbasin - a pipe is welded at the top of the container; When the container is filled with water to its level, all excess flows into the pipe. They can drain into the garden or sewer. It is important to come up with a system that signals when the tank is full in order to know about a breakdown.

For normal operation of such a system, you need a tank of impressive size, which is not always possible to locate in the house. In this case, a tower is the best option, but its construction requires funds.

The system with a pump and hydraulic accumulator has a feature - constant pressure, which can be adjusted at your discretion. The pump is used in the same way as in the first option, but it pumps water not into a pressure tank, but into a hydraulic accumulator, which serves as an indicator for the operation of the automation. Such a unit is usually called a pumping station. A hydraulic accumulator is a container divided into two parts by an elastic membrane, with gas on one side and water on the other. When the tank is filled with water, the membrane stretches, puts pressure on the gas, it contracts and creates pressure in the system.

Briefly, the operating principle of this system can be described as follows:

The pump pumps water into the accumulator. When it is full, the sensor turns off the pump. Due to the compressed gas, pressure is maintained in the system, so you can safely use water.
When water begins to be consumed when the tap is opened, its level drops and along with it the pressure in the system. When the specified minimum is reached, the sensor turns on the pump and restores the water supply in the accumulator.

The system with a hydraulic accumulator has its advantages:

easier to install and less dependent on circumstances - a large tank at a height, as in the first system;
pressure can be adjusted at will;
higher water quality, but this is a double-edged sword.

This system also has its disadvantages:

more funds are needed for the arrangement;
higher energy consumption;
higher requirements for water quality;
it is necessary to use a filter;
a pipeline with smooth walls and a more powerful pump are needed to ensure uninterrupted water supply and the required pressure;
when the lights are turned off, the system does not work;
if a well is used as a source, it must have a good flow rate - the rate of filling with water, for this reason such a system is often used in conjunction with a well.

Selecting a location

A very important factor that will subsequently determine the parameters of the entire plumbing system. Depending on the choice of well type, the type of pumping equipment also depends. When water occurs at a depth of up to 9 meters, a pumping station with a surface pump is used; if the well is deeper, a submersible unit will be needed for operation. All these factors directly affect the financial issue and not only in terms of developing a deeper well and the equipment used.

To detect the location and depth of water, you can do several different things:

ask the geological office about maps of the aquifer in the area or obtain them from another source;
pay for the search for water on the site in a company engaged in drilling wells or similar activities related to the search and development of water;
Find out from your neighbors about the specifics of their water supply system, in particular, wells.

Such data has minimal accuracy, but you can get a rough idea of where you can start looking for water, which will reduce costs when contacting a water search company.

Device

Not all pipes on the building materials market are suitable for creating an autonomous water supply system. Therefore, when choosing them, first of all you need to look at the markings. Water pipes have approximately the following designations - PPR-All-PN20, where

"PPR"– abbreviation, shortened name of the product material, in the example it is polypropylene.
"All"– an internal aluminum layer that protects the pipe structure from deformation.
"PN20"– this is the wall thickness; it is used to determine the maximum operating pressure of the system, measured in MPa.

The choice of pipe diameter is based not so much on the diameter of the threaded inlet on the pump and the automated pressure control system, but on the expected volume of water consumption. For small private houses and cottages, pipes with a diameter of 25 mm are used as standard.

When selecting a pump, consider the following points:

If water from a well is used, a vibration unit cannot be used; it will damage the casing pipe and filter element. Only a centrifugal pump is suitable.
The quality of water from the well must meet the requirements of the pump. When drilling a well on sand, grains of sand will appear in the water, which will quickly lead to breakdown of the unit. In this case, it is important to choose the right filter.
Automatic dry running. When selecting a pump, if the choice fell on a model without built-in dry-running protection, you must additionally purchase an automatic device for the corresponding purpose. Otherwise, in the absence of water that performs a cooling function for the motor, the pump will overheat and become unusable.

The next step is drilling a well. Due to the complexity and high labor intensity, this stage is best performed with the help of a specialized team with the necessary drilling equipment. Depending on the depth of water and the specifics of the soil, various types of drilling are used:

screw;
rotary;
core.

The well is drilled until it reaches the aquifer. The process continues until water-resistant rock is discovered. After this, a casing pipe with a filter at the end is inserted into the opening. It must be made of stainless steel and have a fine mesh. The cavity between the pipe and the bottom of the well is filled with small crushed stone. Next, you need to flush the well. Most often, this procedure is performed using a hand pump or a submersible pump lowered into the casing. Without this action, you can’t expect clean water.

The caisson serves as protection for both the well and the equipment lowered into it. The service life of the water supply directly depends on its presence, as well as the convenience of servicing units immersed in the well.

The caisson, depending on the material used, can be as follows:

metal;
cast concrete;
lined with concrete rings with a diameter of at least 1 meter;
ready made plastic.

A cast caisson has the most optimal qualities, the creation of which can take into account all the existing specifics of the well. The plastic caisson has low strength and needs to be reinforced. The metallic appearance is susceptible to corrosion processes. Concrete rings are not very spacious and carrying out maintenance or repair work in such a caisson is very difficult. The depth of this structure is determined by the level of soil freezing in winter and the type of pumping equipment used.

For clarity, it is worth considering an example. If the depth of soil freezing is 1.2 meters, then the depth of the pipelines leading into the house is approximately 1.5 meters. Taking into account that the location of the well head relative to the bottom of the caisson is from 20 to 30 cm, it is necessary to pour concrete approximately 100 mm thick with a crushed stone filling of about 200 mm. Thus, we can calculate the depth of the pit for the caisson: 1.5+0.3+0.3=2.1 meters. If a pumping station or automation is used, the caisson cannot be less deep than 2.4 meters. When arranging it, it is worth remembering that the upper part of the caisson should rise above ground level by at least 0.3 meters. In addition, a natural ventilation system is needed to prevent the accumulation of condensation in summer and frost in winter.

Required Tools

To carry out work on arranging the water supply of a private home, you will need the following list of tools:

shovel;
adjustable and gas wrenches;
welding machine for polypropylene pipes;
roulette;
pipe cutter;
hacksaw saw;
silicone and sealant and a gun for them.

For electrical work you will need:

screwdriver;
tester;
wire cutters and other electrician tools.

Since drilling a well yourself is highly not recommended, tools for performing this work are also not indicated on this list.

Installation

The submersible pump is installed directly into the shaft. The step-by-step execution of the work is as follows:

A check valve is installed on the pump outlet coupling. It is necessary to prevent water from draining from the working chamber after the pump is turned off.
An additional cup-shaped filter is installed in the water intake part of the unit to prevent small rock particles from entering the pump.
A pipe from the main line leading into the house is attached to the second side of the pump.
To protect the electrical connection to the standard pump wire, a waterproof coupling is used. The wire is attached to the pipe throughout its entire length.
The safety rope is attached to the designated place on the pump.
The free end of the pipe is threaded through the well head, the cable is passed through a special hole, and the safety cable is attached to the well head.
The structure is lowered down into the casing.
The head is fixed to the casing pipe, the electric cable is connected to the power supply.

After completing the installation of the pump, it is time to lay out the pipes. To do this, according to the existing plan, trenches are dug taking into account the depth of soil freezing. Subsequently, the following actions are carried out:

If water will be distributed to several buildings, and not just to the main house, automation is installed in the caisson to control pressure, and trenches are dug in all directions of pipe laying and arranged according to the same principle.
Next, pre-insulated water pipes are laid. After which they are sprinkled with a layer of sand, which is leveled over the surface and spilled with water to ensure uniformity of the sealing layer.
The power supply cable for pumping equipment is laid in the same trenches. To ensure its integrity, it is placed inside a polypropylene or polyethylene pipe and laid on top of a sealing layer of sand. An additional hole is drilled in the caisson for it.
Next, the trenches are dug. After 20-30 cm, it is worth laying a special tape signaling the occurrence of electrical and water supply lines.

Automation for a water supply hydraulic system makes the greatest contribution to the process of its functioning. The main directions of its activities are:

maintaining constant pressure at a set level throughout the water intake area;
maintaining the most gentle operating mode of pumping equipment;
preventing breakdowns of units due to overloads and minimizing energy consumption;
emergency power outage in case of violation of the integrity of the pipeline.

For these purposes, various types of automation are used. There are 3 generations of devices in total, which differ in the functions they perform.- from a minimal set of tasks in the first, which uses mechanical control principles, and to the third, equipped with electronics that control all processes occurring in the hydraulic system. Such systems can be assembled from individual components independently, but this requires certain knowledge in electronics.

More often, a different path is chosen with the purchase of a ready-made automation system, and since the choice is quite wide, you can choose an option that is optimally suited to specific conditions with many nuances. To install any automation, except the first generation, advanced knowledge in electronics is required and it is recommended to call a specialized specialist.

The final stage is the installation of water intake points inside the house. If you already have a house or cottage, it is often done using the open method - pipes are laid along the surface of the lined walls. At the stage of construction of a new building, a closed method is often chosen, when pipes are laid either in wall cavities or under a layer of finishing materials. In the second option, pipes with markings indicating suitability for the food industry should be used.

It should also be mentioned that the use of metal-plastic pipes when the pipeline is laid in a closed manner is unacceptable.

The most successful is the use of so-called “soldered plastic”. It guarantees complete waterproofing in all joints, has high resistance to destruction, and therefore durability, and does not require any type of maintenance.

In the process of arranging a water supply for a private home, there are many small points, taking into account which will help simplify the installation and further operation of the entire system. These include the following points:

When laying pipes, avoid intersecting them with building structures. If it is necessary to lay a pipe through a wall, this is done using a special “glass”.
Taking into account the fact that the pipes may have to be repaired or replaced, you should not place them directly next to the wall; it is better to make an indentation, even if it is only a few centimeters.
Near the outer corners the pipes move away by at least 1 centimeter, near the inner corners - by 3-4.
To install products on the wall surface, you should use single and double clips. The interval of their use on straight sections should not exceed 1.5-2 meters between each other. Corner connections must be secured.
To join polypropylene products, special fittings and tees are used, which make it possible to join pipes of equal or different diameters.
The drain valve for the MGBU hydraulic accumulator is mounted with a slope towards it.

It is quite difficult to draw up a water supply diagram for a private house from a well, but the above recommendations will help you with this. Thanks to them, you will get the job done much faster and better.

In order to deliver water from an underground source to points of consumption, which include plumbing fixtures and household appliances that consume it to perform their main task (washing machine, dishwasher, boiler, etc.), it is necessary to supply water to a private house from a well, the diagram of which should include pipelines, control and automation equipment, filtering and compensating devices, as well as storage devices for smoothing out flow fluctuations. The correct selection of all components and the geometry of the water pipeline will ultimately determine the pressure and pressure losses in the water supply system along the way from the well to the house.

Methods for laying a water pipeline

The typology of methods for laying a pipeline for supplying drinking water from a well to a house is made based on the position of the water pipeline relative to the surface of the earth and includes laying:

underground, below the freezing level;
underground, above the freezing level;
above the ground, on the surface or on a slight elevation;
above the ground, at a height higher than human height.

Water supplied to a private house or dacha from a well below the soil freezing level will never freeze even if there is no flow in the pipeline section. However, in order to carry out autonomous water supply from a well in this way, it will be necessary to carry out significant volumes of excavation work, which is not always do-it-yourself, which will depend on the distance of the pit from a residential building and the required depth of soil excavation, which is up to 2 meters for the northern regions. When deepening below 1 meter, safety requirements regulate the strengthening of the trench walls with wooden formwork and the installation of stairs for descent and ascent, which increases the cost of the work and makes it longer.

Schematic diagram of water supply to a house through a caisson; an alternative option is a well adapter.

Reducing the amount of soil you dig out yourself due to the depth of the trench will lead to the potential for freezing of water in the pipe, not only in “standing” mode, but also in the presence of constant flow in the system. Thus, such a scheme for connecting water supplied from a well to a country house will require not only additional thermal insulation, but also a heating device using a heating cable or heat trace.

By supplying water to a private home from a well by laying a pipeline with your own hands on the surface of the ground or laying them on small foundation supports, you can completely get rid of soil development, providing the ability to constantly visually monitor the condition of the water pipeline. The absence of excavation work with frozen soil makes it possible to connect a water well to the house with your own hands, even in winter, provided that the surface of the pipeline is heated, it is thermally insulated and a tin covering is installed that protects the insulation from blowing in and damage. Additional costs for operating the heating cable quickly offset the savings obtained by eliminating excavation work.

The above-ground water supply system for a private country house or cottage from a well by raising the pipeline on supports exceeding human height, being a variation of the previous method, seems to be more labor-intensive and less convenient to maintain and operate. The scheme for laying pipes on high racks is justified only if it is necessary to enter the building at the appropriate height, and an additional column of liquid will save on pump pressure, which is otherwise extinguished by water consumption points on the lower floors.

Piping diagrams

Depending on the order of connecting each individual point of consumption to the water supply collector of a private or country house, carried out from a well, the wiring diagram can be:

consistent;
parallel;
parallel-series;
series-parallel.

A sequential water supply device in a private house or country house from a well implies one connection point to a pressure water main, with each subsequent point of water consumption being fed from one pipe after the previous one. The result of implementing such a water supply scheme for a country house or cottage from a well is a strict dependence of consumption points, which negatively affects not only the flow rate, but also the temperature regime when mixing coolants. The scheme is characterized by minimal consumption of components and can be recommended for a country house, implying the installation of one or two faucets and a bathroom with your own hands.

Multi-flow water supply is called a “comb”

Connecting a water supply from a well to a house, followed by multi-point supply to water points from a common collector, guarantees equal flow in each installed appliance or device, defined as the ratio of the pump supply to their number. This scheme is the most material-intensive way to connect a well to a house with your own hands, because you will have to make a separate outlet to each point of water consumption from a splitter, which is usually installed near the point where the water pipeline enters the building.

The parallel-series connection diagram of a well to a country house or dacha is as follows:

dividing water collection points into groups according to floor location or plan, including one large device with frequent consumption and one or more with rare inclusions (for example, a sink and a toilet);
the installation of several smaller pipes, to which in turn the load must be connected in series.

Lower consumption of components than provided by the parallel distribution scheme and ensuring equal constant flow of the main points of consumption make such a system the optimal solution when choosing how to bring water into the house from a well and distribute it.

An alternative way to install a water supply system at your dacha from a well is:

allocation of water supply groups with high and regular water supply and irregular flow rates;
parallel connection of different groups to a common water supply and sequential feeding of less loaded ones.

Wells inside buildings

The optimal solution for bringing water into a house from a well is to drill a scarf in the basement of the house or an adjacent heated utility room, which allows pipes to be laid to a minimum length, without the need for excavation work or insulation of their surface. Connecting the water supply system of a private or country house from a well with your own hands is greatly simplified, and unit costs are reduced compared to other methods, due to the absence of the need to equip a caisson or an alternative to inserting an adapter.

Installation for drilling inside the house

The construction of a water well in the basement of a private country house or in a country house, due to limited space, should be done using a small-sized drilling rig or using an Abyssinian source, depending on the required flow rate of consumption points. Water supply to a country house from an Abyssinian well with a single water tap can be done with your own hands at minimal cost if the water supply system is limited to a pipe driven into the ground and a hand pump.

What elements does the water supply scheme include?

An autonomous water supply system from a well in a country estate or cottage requires automation of switching on the submersible pump and maintaining pressure in the pipes, as a result of which the system must include the following sequentially installed elements:

a check valve at the pump discharge, which is installed directly at the outlet of the unit or at the head of the wellhead and prevents emptying of the water supply system from the well to the storage device;
a water pipeline with a diameter of at least 32 mm, made of metal, polymer materials, fiberglass or asbestos cement, through which water is supplied from the well to the house. The underground water supply device from the well does not allow hidden detachable connections, due to the impossibility of their visual inspection.
a pressure gauge showing the water pressure from the well at the entrance to the house, installed with your own hands using a tee;
flasks with a mechanical filter, the mesh size of which is determined based on the results of an analysis carried out before starting to connect water from the well to the house. Installation of additional cleaning barriers at this point is not required, since deep cleaning is only needed for drinking water and can be performed locally in the kitchen sink areas.
a second pressure gauge, which allows you to determine the contamination of the filter by the increase in pressure drop and the need to clean it yourself, by switching to a bypass line, which must be provided, equipped with a sump and a valve;
to compensate for fluctuations in water pressure in the system and eliminate water hammer when the pumping unit is turned on, the water supply scheme for a private country house or cottage from wells must have a hydraulic accumulator;
a pressure switch, the device of which provides a signal to turn on the pump when the corresponding parameter drops below the set limit, signaling that the water supply system from the well is being emptied;
dry running relay, which ensures instant stop of the pump in the absence of liquid in the pipeline and prevents bearing failure due to operation without lubrication and cooling;
a pressure reducer designed to smooth out fluctuations in the system and achieve the maximum possible parameter value when paired with a hydraulic accumulator.

Scheme with a hydraulic accumulator from a surface pump

The choice of how to bring water from a well home in each specific case is determined by a number of parameters, including:

is the scheme in addition to the centralized water supply or is it autonomous;
where the well is installed relative to the entrance to the heated building;
what is the minimum temperature typical for the place where the water supply needs to be installed;
what is the maximum water flow that needs to be provided and to what height it needs to be raised;
it is planned to operate the water supply system all year round or only in warm weather;
where the equipment will be installed - in a house or a caisson.

Perhaps today, a typical water well diagram is known to everyone who has been even slightly interested in this topic. However, the procedure for installing a water supply system based on such an installation has a number of nuances, and therefore it is worth studying the technology in advance.

Then there will be no questions when laying pipes and connecting equipment, and problems will be resolved promptly and at minimal cost.

Water source

Well types

Any scheme for supplying water to a house from a well is built on the basis of a key component - the water source itself.

Today, all wells, depending on the characteristics of the substrate, are conventionally divided into three groups:

Sandy - the simplest and cheapest to arrange. The disadvantage is a relatively short service life (up to ten years), and fairly rapid siltation. Suitable for installation in a country house.
Clay ones require a little more responsibility when drilling a well, but otherwise they have the same advantages and disadvantages as sandy ones. They must be used regularly, since after about a year without operation, it will be very difficult and expensive to restore a silted well.
Limestone (artesian) wells are rightfully considered the best. The scheme for drilling a water well in limestone involves deepening it to a level of 50 to 150 meters. This provides a margin of reliability and durability of the water source, and in addition, improves the quality of natural filtration.

When choosing the type of well, you should not pay all attention to such a parameter as price. The fact is that the arrangement of an autonomous water supply is a very expensive task in itself, and it is better to invest in this project once (by choosing high-quality equipment and inviting professional craftsmen) than to reap the dubious “fruits of savings” in the form of impressive bills for repairs and source restoration.

Pump selection

The next step in building a water supply system is the selection of pumping equipment.

As a rule, small cottages do not require high-performance models. Knowing that approximately 0.5-0.6 m3 of water is needed to operate one tap for an hour, a pump is usually installed that can provide an influx of 2.5 - 3.5 m3 / h.
The highest water withdrawal points should also be taken into account. In some cases, to ensure the required pressure on the upper floors, the installation of an additional pump is required, since the borehole water-lifting device cannot cope.

Almost all models of well pumps are distinguished by a fairly high level of energy consumption. Taking this fact into account, it is worth taking care of a power stabilizer in advance. And if electricity is often cut off in your village, then a generator will not be superfluous.

Well equipment

The equipment process itself is usually carried out by the same company that carried out the drilling.

However, you should also study it - at least in order to ensure quality control of work operations:

We lower the selected pump to the design depth and hang it on a cable or strong cord.
Through the neck of the well with the head installed (a special sealing part), we take out a water supply hose and a cable that provides power to the pump.

Some experts advise connecting the hose to the cable. This is quite convenient, but you need to remember that the hose should not be pinched at the connection points!
A lifting device is also mounted near the neck - a manual or electric winch. You can do without it only at very shallow depths, because the deeper you go, the more you will feel not only the weight of the pump itself, but also the weight of the hose with the power cable, and the weight of the cable.

Advice!
The head, shut-off valves and discharged water supply pipes must be protected from external influences.
Most often they are hidden in a small recess, lined with brick on the inside and closed with a lid.

This is exactly what the water well installation diagram looks like. However, this is not even half the battle: we need to assemble an entire system on this basis.

Main elements of the system

As we noted above, in addition to correctly installed and correctly operating water-lifting equipment, we will need many details to provide the house with water from a well.

Among them:

The supply pipeline through which water from the well will flow to the house.
A hydraulic accumulator, which is a water tank that ensures maintaining stable pressure inside the system.
A relay that turns the water pump on and off depending on the pressure level in the tank.
Dry running relay (if water stops flowing into the pump, the system is de-energized).

Note!
Many models of well pumps are equipped with built-in fuses that prevent dry running.

Well filter system for cleaning and optimizing water parameters. As a rule, it includes filters for coarse and fine cleaning.
Pipelines and shut-off equipment for distribution throughout the premises.

Also, if necessary, the water supply diagram from the well to the house includes a branch for the water heater. This makes it possible to provide hot water supply.

Pipeline laying

If you have certain skills, you can assemble the system yourself with your own hands.

We do it like this:

To lay the pipe from the well neck to the house, we dig a trench. It is desirable that it passes below the freezing level of the soil.
We lay a pipe (preferably polyethylene with a diameter of 30 mm). If necessary, we wrap the pipeline with thermal insulation material.
We bring the pipe into the basement or underground space through a special vent. We must insulate this part of the pipeline!

System installation

We install the hydraulic accumulator (a plastic container with a volume of up to 500 l) as high as possible - this will provide us with natural pressure regulation. We install a pressure switch at the inlet, which will turn off the water supply when the tank is full.
In some cases this may not be enough. Then we additionally install an automatic pumping station - a complex of several relays, pressure gauges and a membrane receiver tank.

A receiver equipped with a separate pump ensures a smooth change in pressure in the battery, which has a positive effect on the performance of all systems. Without this part, the well pump motor starts with each tap being turned on, which naturally leads to its early wear.

Note!
Another advantage of installing a receiver is the compensation of water hammer that occurs due to the difference of several seconds between the activation of the pressure switch and the actual shutdown of the pump.

After assembling the system from a hydraulic accumulator and a pumping station, we begin installing the piping. For it we use polyethylene pipes. When supplying water to a cottage or country house, a diameter of 20 mm is quite sufficient.
We cut pipes using special devices. To connect them, we use a soldering iron with a set of bushings. The use of this technology allows you to achieve maximum tightness.
As an alternative, you can use steel or metal-plastic pipes. They are characterized by greater mechanical strength, but they are more difficult to install. And detachable connections are still inferior in tightness to soldered seams.

We bring the pipework to the points of consumption and connect it to the taps. To ensure safety, we fix the pipes to the walls with clamps.

Before drawing up a project and starting to implement it, you should weigh all the pros and cons of a well in a private house and compare alternative water supply options. In practice, water supply to the building can be organized from any source: a nearby river, pond, spring or a well dug on the site - but you need to be prepared for the fact that its quality and purity will be far from ideal.

If the water supply to the cottage is seasonal, then the construction of a well on the site and the use of a pump to supply liquid in most cases will be sufficient to meet the needs of those living in the house in the summer. When a country cottage is used year-round as full-fledged housing for a family or winter water supply is needed at the dacha, it makes more sense to organize water supply for a private house from a well. This option provides residents with many advantages:

water supply systems for a private house from a well do not depend on the season;
the volume of liquid supplied is unlimited;
excellent quality and purity of the water resource is guaranteed;
The high reliability of the equipment complex ensures its long-term trouble-free operation.

At the same time, you need to be prepared for the fact that water supply to a house from a well will be more expensive than other methods: the drilling process, the purchase of pumping equipment, water supply and drainage - these activities will require significant expenses.

Funds spent on providing water to a residential building or running water to a dacha from a well guarantee residents decades of comfort, convenience and ease of operation of equipment, and an environmentally friendly lifestyle. Therefore, the monetary costs of carrying out technically complex water supply work are justified.

Where to begin

If it is decided to make a well to supply water to a private house, then the process should begin by determining how deep the aquifer is on the site. Given its shallow location, you can bring water into the house from a well with your own hands. To develop deep artesian wells, you will need to invite a team of specialists with drilling rigs. Then you should draw up a water supply diagram for a private house from a well. Since the general principles of supplying water to a house from a well are the same, it is not necessary to contact specialists to draw up a specific diagram - standard samples can be taken from the Internet.

It is important to remember that the longevity of a water supply from a well is determined not only by the wear resistance of the equipment, but also by the nature and depth of the shaft. The operational period of shallow (up to 40 m) workings lasts about 10 years, and artesian wells last more than half a century.

The very scheme of water supply to a private house from a well is largely determined by the depth of the well shaft: the choice of operating power of the pumps, the total length of the pipeline, the choice of methods for stabilizing pressure in the system and other points depend on it.

Key process steps and total cost.

The entire process of arranging a home water supply, from choosing the place where water is collected to discharging sewage from the building, can be divided into three large stages:

drilling and arrangement of water wells;
installation of a set of equipment for supplying water from a well: pipeline wiring, connecting pumps, installing water storage tanks, etc.;
disposal of used liquid, arrangement of sewerage.

The total costs of organizing water supply in a private home will consist of the cost of work at each stage and the equipment installed.

The final cost is largely determined by the depth at which the aquifer is located. Drilling a deep well, which is called an artesian well, is technically difficult and expensive: prices for 1 m are 2–3 thousand rubles. Considering the depth at which the water is located - from 40 to 230 m, the lion's share of the cost of water supply from the well will go to drilling operations.

Stage one: drilling and well development.

The first stage of installing a water supply system from a well is one of the most important – drilling. It can be done manually or using drilling rigs.

Manual mining is used to excavate shallow shafts. Sometimes it is called drilling “into sand” - by definition of the soil in which a hole is made. This type of work is carried out at relatively low cost; it requires simple equipment: a drill and pipes for casing the walls of the hole.

For work in hard soil (“on limestone”), professionals with drilling rigs are invited, the operating principles of which may differ.

There are several types of mechanical drilling:

Simultaneously with drilling, the walls of the mine are being constructed - casing. The purpose of these actions is to prevent shedding and erosion of the soil by the water supplied upward, and to strengthen the soil around the perimeter of the hole. After casing, they hydropump (flush) the shaft until clean liquid begins to flow from the depths.

Stage two: installation of a set of equipment for supplying water from a well.

Further steps to supply water to a private house from a well in the scheme of work being carried out is the installation of equipment that supplies liquid to the building. Water enters the house from a well through a pipe system. Its movement occurs from the bottom up and in a certain direction, so it is impossible to do without the use of pumps and devices to correct the pressure in the system.

Installation of pumping equipment.

To supply water from a well to a house, two types of equipment can be used:

submersible pump;
specialized factory-made pumping station.

The choice of one of these two types of hydraulic installations to provide a country house with water from a well is determined by several factors:

well depth;
its distance from home;
estimated daily water consumption;
height to which the liquid will be supplied.

Depending on these indicators, a pump or station with certain technical parameters and power is selected. If large loads on the system are not expected, for example, when supplying water to a dacha from a well, then you can limit yourself to installing a submersible pump. To supply a residential one- or two-story house or cottage with water all year round, you will need to install a special pumping station, and its power must be sufficient to ensure the transfer of the required amount of water to all water points.

The important components of a water supply scheme for a house from a well are the following devices:

check valve that prevents fluid from flowing backwards;
hydraulic accumulator - a reservoir with a gasket made of high-strength synthetic rubber, thanks to which pressure surges in the system are leveled out and damage to equipment from water hammer is prevented;
automation to control pressure and protect the pump from running dry;
There are two types of cleaning filters – for coarse and fine cleaning.

These elements can be installed in a caisson - a specially equipped chamber at the exit of the well to the surface, which protects the mine workings from the ingress of seasonal water and facilitates access to it.

Pipeline installation - the path from the well to the house.

The next step in solving the problem of how to bring water into a house from a well is to lay pipes, connect them, and enter them into the building.

When arranging the water supply for a private home with your own hands, you should first familiarize yourself with the technical characteristics of pipes made of different materials, the principles of their connection, and connection diagrams.

Knowledge of the process of how to make plumbing in a country house or in a house will allow you to do the work yourself or supervise the performers.

To install a water supply system in a country house or country house, the following types of pipes are most often used:

fiberglass;
steel;
plastic PVC pipes.

The water supply from the well is laid underground at a depth of at least 1 m to reduce the risk of freezing in winter. If pipes are laid above the ground freezing level, they must be insulated. It is advisable to enter the pipe and connect the well to the house from the basement - this will reduce the risk of freezing of the liquid when the water supply system exits to the surface of the earth. When we bring a pipe into the house, it is not recommended to bend it - you should use special couplings for corner connections.

If a well is designed in a house, and not on a site outside of it, this can significantly save costs: the length of the pipeline is reduced to a minimum, and the need for its insulation is eliminated.

Pipeline distribution throughout the house to water collection points.

Bringing water into the house is half the work of organizing its autonomous water supply. Next, you should correctly install the distribution of pipes supplying liquid to water collection points: to the kitchen sink, to the shower, to the toilet. First, you need to draw up a graphical wiring diagram and decide on the method of connecting the pipes into a single network. There are two types of connection - serial and collector.

When sequential, one central pipe is laid from the entry point, to which all other branches are connected using tees. This is a simple type of wiring that does not require large expenses, but it has one drawback: when the taps are opened at the same time, the pressure in the system drops, the water pressure at the farthest point of water intake will be low.

A collector connection will require additional costs for the purchase of a distribution unit to which all pipes in the house are connected. In this case, the pipes are connected to the collector separately using valves; they are independent from the others. When making repairs, it is not necessary to stop the entire system; it is enough to close the required valve. The pressure during manifold connection is always stable.

Stage three: a little about drainage.

Sewerage installation is carried out according to the same principles as water supply lines, the difference lies in the diameter of the pipes and their angle of inclination when laid horizontally. To ensure unimpeded drainage of water, wide pipes of 110–150 mm are used, which are laid in the ground at an angle to ensure independent movement of the liquid. The degree of slope is at least 3 cm per 1 m. The liquid is drained into a septic tank or equipped concrete sump, which must be periodically cleaned by pumping out and removing the wastewater.

A well inside the house means maximum convenience at minimum cost.

The answer to the question of whether it is possible to make a well inside a house is most often positive, but the drilling process itself is complicated by limited space and the need to remove excavated soil. The well inside the house should be located at the lowest point of the room, which provides more opportunities for maneuvering the drilling rig. There are also certain requirements for the size of the room where the mine is being developed - it must be more spacious than 2 meters in length and width, and in height it must be half a meter higher than the highest point of the drilling apparatus. Ideally, the well is located in the basement of the house or in a specially dug pit.

Drilling a well under a house is technically more difficult, but it is more economically profitable, it is more convenient to maintain and use.

Conclusion.

Knowledge of how to bring water from a well to a house, how to connect it, helps to navigate the offers of construction companies that provide water supply services to a country house. Mastering the principles of organizing work will help you build a water supply system at your dacha with your own hands or seek help from a specialized company. You can bring water into your home in any area, and the result is worth the money and effort.

Providing a private home or summer cottage with water is one of the main aspects of a person’s comfortable life. A complete water supply and proper drainage allow you to solve a number of everyday issues, and also make it possible to use all the benefits of civilization: a washing machine, dishwasher, and various plumbing fixtures.

The most common method of water supply is water supply from a well. Let's consider the main stages of arranging the water supply at home and practical recommendations that ensure the reliability and stability of the water supply system.

A well on a personal plot - the advantages of autonomous water supply

To supply water to a private home, various sources of water intake can be used: centralized water supply, well or borehole.

Water supply to a private house from a well has some advantages:

The first step is to decide on the type of well: “sand” or artesian.

The “sandy” well has a depth of 40-50 meters - to the upper aquifers of the sandy horizon. If you get to the bed of an underground river, the level of drilling a well can be reduced to 15 meters.

Advantages of a sand well:

the quality of water is better than in a well or centralized pipeline;
speed of well development (2-3 days);
You can drill a well without using special equipment.

Disadvantages of a “sandy” well:

low productivity - about 1.5 m3/hour;
service life – up to 10 years;
water may contain impurities;
needs periodic pumping.

❝A “sandy” well is suitable for seasonal water supply to a dacha; for a cottage or private house it is better to equip an artesian well❞

The depth of an artesian well can reach 200 meters - it affects the aquifer of calcareous rocks. The drilling of an artesian well must be approved, since the calcareous aquifer is considered a strategic reserve of the state.

Advantages of an artesian well:

high productivity – about 10 m3/hour;
unlimited supply of lime water;
service life – about 50 years;
high water quality;
water is supplied under high pressure.

Disadvantages of an artesian well:

the need to coordinate the project and obtain permits;
high cost of drilling a well (the work must be performed by a specialized company).

Autonomous water supply scheme: main elements of the system

Whatever the source of autonomous water supply for a private home, it is necessary to create a diagram indicating all the main elements of the system and the materials used for laying the water supply.

The water supply scheme for a private house includes the following elements.

the mud filter does not allow large particles to pass into the accumulator (if the water source is an artesian well, then such a filter may not be installed);
filter with cleaning cartridge – mechanical cleaning of small impurities of clay, sand, rust and dirt.

A pressure gauge is used to monitor the pressure in a water supply system. Necessary for setting the pressure switch.

Pressure switch – turns on and off the power supply to the pump. The minimum and maximum pressure thresholds are adjusted in the relay: when the pressure is low, the relay closes the contacts - the pump starts working; when the pressure is high - the contacts open.

The dry-running relay disconnects the pump from the power supply if the water in the well runs out.

A pressure reducer is needed so that the water flow at the outlet has maximum pressure. Essentially, this is a pressure stabilizer that “smoothes” the lower and upper pressure thresholds.

ROM is a start-up protection device necessary for starting and gradual acceleration to maximum rotation speed.

The water supply system of a private house can be divided into three blocks:

Water intake system.
Yard highway.
In-house plumbing.

Construction of a water intake system

drilling a well and installing a caisson

The process of drilling a water well is taking soil using a special drill. Depending on the type of well and its depth, drilling can be done independently, or you can use the services of drilling rigs. The drilling method (impact, rotary) will depend on the type of soil.

❝The area around the location of the proposed well should not have any underground paths or buildings. To construct a well, it is necessary to allocate an area of 4*6 m2 ❞

For manual drilling use:

Well drilling sequence:

The next step is to arrange the caisson. This room is necessary for protection from groundwater, freezing and for well maintenance. The caisson will connect the pipe outlet from the well and the water supply leading to the house.

You can purchase a ready-made caisson body, or you can make it yourself from concrete rings or bricks.

❝The caisson must be installed so that its bottom and pipeline are below the soil freezing level, and the roof of the casing rises above the surface by 30 cm❞

The procedure for installing the caisson:

choosing the optimal pump

To ensure water supply to consumers with the required pressure, it is necessary to install powerful water lifting equipment. This could be an automated pumping station for water supply to a private home or a deep-well pump.

The pumping station includes:

water pump;
hydraulic accumulator;
pressure switch.

❝The pumping station is suitable for servicing a shallow well (up to 10 m), if the distance from the water intake point to the end user is no more than 10 meters❞

An autonomous station can be used to install a water supply system at a dacha from a well, and to provide water to a cottage or private home, it is better to install a deep-well pump - a borehole submersible rotary pump.

When choosing a submersible pump model, you need to consider:

pump pressure - the pressure force applied to push water through;
pump flow (performance).

It is necessary to determine the required power of a submersible pump to service a specific well. Let's look at the example of a private 2-story house for a family of 4 people. Let's summarize the following indicators:

well depth (35 m);
distance from the hydraulic accumulator to the well outlet in a ratio of 1:10 (0.8);
distance from ground level to the highest water intake point (about 3.5 m - for a 2-story building);
required pressure at the high water intake point (3);
possible losses in the system (about 2).

Thus: Pump head = 35+0.8+2+3+2=44.3 m

The family's peak water consumption of 38 l/min (2.28 m3/h) determines the pump's performance.

installation of a deep-well pump

The pump must be lowered into the well very carefully so as not to damage the equipment. To do this, you can use a winch for drilling a well or cables.

Pump immersion sequence:

The next step after installing the pump is connecting the pipeline to the house and assembling an automatic water supply system.

Yard main: running water supply from a well

tools and materials

To conduct water supply on the site, you can use different types of pipes:

Iron pipes are reliable and durable, but are susceptible to corrosion.

Polypropylene pipes are often used when installing water pipes with your own hands. The material has good performance characteristics: does not oxidize, is easy to install, reliable and durable (service life is about 50 years).

❝The diameter of the pipeline from the well must be 32 mm❞

Pipeline tools:

To install steel or copper water supply:

To install a water supply system made of metal-plastic pipes:

adjustable, gas and wrenches;
fittings, fum tape.

To install polypropylene pipes, you will need a soldering iron with nozzles.

sequence of laying and insulating water pipes

The pipeline can be laid in two ways:

through a trench;
on top of the ground.

In the first case, a trench is dug at a depth of 2 meters and a pipeline is laid. The pipe in the lifting areas must be insulated (especially near the foundation). This can be done using a self-regulating heating cable.

❝The foundation of the house to which the water supply is connected must be insulated to at least a depth of 1 meter❞

If the water supply is laid on top, then a heating cable (9 W/meter) must be connected to the pipe. In addition, the entire pipe is thoroughly insulated with heat-insulating material - a layer of insulation of at least 10 cm.

You can use energyflex and cotton wool. The joints between the insulation materials should be wrapped with reinforced tape - this will improve the sealing between the layers.

❝The pipe must be insulated along the entire length of the yard main: from the house to the well❞

The entire “pie” of the water supply is placed in a large corrugated or sewer pipe. Such measures will allow you to avoid freezing of the water supply and use the well in winter.

Along with the pipe, you can also lay the power cable for the pump. It is better to use a 4-core cable with a cross-section of 2.5.

After installing the pump and laying the water supply to the house, you need to assemble an automatic water supply system according to the diagram.

Plumbing in the house

The laying of water supply pipes in a private house can be carried out according to two schemes:

To install an indoor water supply system, polypropylene or metal-plastic pipes are used.

Recommendations from specialists for installing and configuring a water supply system

Normal operation of household appliances and plumbing is possible with an uninterrupted supply and sufficient water pressure. Here are a number of tips that will help you correctly assemble and set up a water supply system: