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Folder preparation for ent in physics. Physics tests to prepare for Entry

ANNUAL WORK PLAN IN PHYSICS

in preparation for the UNT

2014-2015 SCHOOL YEAR

Contenders for “Altyn Belgi”

Topic: Ways to calculate solutions to complex problems

Subject

date

MECHANICS

Kinematics

1

1.4. Movement of a body thrown at an angle to the horizontal

1.7. Motion of a point in a circle

2

Problem solving

3

Dynamics. Newton's laws

4

2.6. Law of Gravity

5

Problem solving

6

Testing.

MOLECULAR PHYSICS

Fundamentals of molecular kinetic theory

7

4.1. Basic provisions of the molecular kinetic theory and its experimental confirmation.

4.2. Mass and size of molecules.

4.5. Ideal gas. Basic equation of molecular kinetic theory

8

Problem solving

9

4.6. Mendeleev - Clapeyron equation. Problem solving

10

Problem solving

11

Testing.

Electrostatics

12

8.2. Coulomb's law

8.3. Electric field

Electric field lines

13

Problem solving

14

Testing

15

8.6. Work of electric field forces

8.7. Electric field potential

8.9. Dielectrics in an electric field

8.10. Electric capacity.

16

Testing

Direct electric current

17

9.3. Ohm's law for a section of a circuit.

9.4. Serial and parallel connection of conductors in electricity. chains

9.5. Ohm's law for a complete circuit

18

Problem solving

19

9.7. Work and current power

9.8. Thermal effect of electric current. Joule-Lenz law.

20

Problem solving

21

Testing

Electromagnetic induction

22

11.1. Law of Electromagnetic Induction

11.4. Work of the Lorentz force.

11.6. Self-induction phenomenon

23

Problem solving

24

Electric current in various environments

25

Testing. Preparation for UNT.

ELECTROMAGNETIC OSCILLATIONS

26

§ 1.1. Electromagnetic oscillations in an oscillatory circuit

§ 1.2. Equation of free electromagnetic oscillations

27

§ 2.2. Active resistance in the AC circuit

§ 2.3. Capacitance in an AC circuit

§ 2.4. Inductor in an AC circuit

§ 2.7. AC power

§ 2.8. Alternator

Problem solving.

28

Testing. Preparation for UNT.

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND

PHYSICAL BASICS RADIO ENGINEERS

29

§ 3.2. Electromagnetic waves

§ 3.3. Emission of electromagnetic waves. Hertz's experiments

§ 3.4. Electromagnetic wave energy

Problem solving. Preparation for UNT.

30

Testing.

WAVE OPTICS

31

§ 4.3. Interference of light § 4.4. Diffraction of light

§ 4.5. Diffraction grating § 4.6. Light dispersion

§ 4.11. Lenses. Thin lens formula § 4.12. Optical instruments

Problem solving

32

Testing. Preparation for UNT.

33

§ 8.7. Nuclear reactions. Artificial radioactivity

§ 8.8. Fission of heavy nuclei

§ 8.9. Chain nuclear reactions

§ 8.10. Nuclear reactor. Nuclear energy § 9.2. Nuclear forces.

34

Problem solving. Testing. Preparation for UNT

Executor. Radionova E. Ya.

Program

ELECTIVE COURSE

“LET'S PREPARING FOR THE UNIVERSITY IN PHYSICS”

2011-2012 academic year

Program

elective course

“Preparing for the UNT in Physics”

1.1 Explanatory note

1.1.1 Purpose of the elective course

The elective course program is consistent with the requirements of the state educational standard and the content of the main physics course programs of a specialized school. It directs the teacher to further improve the knowledge and skills already acquired by students. To do this, the entire program is divided into several sections. The first section introduces students to minimal information about the concept of “task”, gives an idea of ​​the meaning of tasks in life, science, technology, and introduces various aspects of working with tasks. In particular, they must know the basic techniques for composing problems and be able to classify a problem according to three or four bases. In the first section, when solving problems, special attention is paid to the sequence of actions, analysis of a physical phenomenon, speaking the solution out loud, and analyzing the answer received. If at the beginning of the section problems from mechanics, molecular physics, and electrodynamics are used for illustration, then later problems from sections of the 11th grade physics course are solved. When repeating, both theoretical material and methods for solving problems are generalized, systematized, and the goals of repetition are taken into account when preparing for the unified state exam. Special attention should be devoted to tasks related to the professional interests of schoolchildren, as well as tasks of interdisciplinary content. When working with problems, you should pay attention to ideological and methodological generalizations: the needs of society and the formulation of problems, problems from the history of physics, the importance of mathematics for solving problems, familiarization with the system analysis of physical phenomena when solving problems, etc.

When studying the first section it is possible various shapes classes: teacher’s story and conversation, students’ performance, detailed explanation examples of problem solving, collective formulation of experimental problems, individual and collective work on composing problems, competition for composing the best problem, familiarization with various problem books, etc. As a result, schoolchildren should be able to classify the proposed problem, compose the simplest problems, consistently perform and pronounce the stages solving problems of medium complexity.

1.2 Description of the content of the sections of the elective course program« Preparing for the UNT in Physics"

(grades 10-11, 1 hour per week, 68 hours)

1.2.1. Experiment (1 hour)

Basics of error theory.

1.2.2. Mechanics (10 hours)

Kinematics progressive and rotational movement. Equations of motion . Graphs of the main kinematic parameters.

Dynamics. Newton's laws. Forces in mechanics: gravity, elasticity, friction, gravitational attraction .

Statics. Moment of power. Conditions for equilibrium of bodies. Hydrostatics.

Movement of bodies with connections– application of Newton's laws.

Laws of conservation of momentum and energy .

1.2.3. Molecular physics and thermodynamics (12 hours)

Basic equation of MCT of gases.

– a consequence of the basic MKT equation. Isoprocesses. .

First law of thermodynamics

Second law of thermodynamics

1.2.4. Electrodynamics

(electrostatics and direct current) (16 hours)

Electrostatics.

Capacitors. Electric field energy

D.C.

A magnetic field. Electromagnetic induction

1.2.5. Oscillations and waves. (10 hours)

Oscillatory circuit, energy transformations in an oscillatory circuit. Analogy of electromagnetic and mechanical vibrations.

Alternating current. .

Mechanical and electromagnetic waves.

1.2.6. Optics (11h.)

Geometric optics. The law of reflection and refraction of light. Constructing images of stationary objects in thin lenses, flat mirrors.

Wave optics. .

1.2.7. The quantum physics(6 hours)

F oton. Light pressure. Einstein's equation for the photoelectric effect.

Application of Bohr's postulates

Atomic nucleus.

Testing – 2 hours.

Thematic curriculum for the program

elective course "Preparing for the UNT in Physics"

10-11 grade (68 hours, 1 hour per week)

Name

sections

Total hours

Including

Lectures

Practical lesson

Grade 10

Experiment

Mechanics

Molecular physics and thermodynamics

Electrodynamics

(Electrostatics and direct current)

TOTAL

Grade 11

Electrodynamics

(Magnetic field. Electromagnetic induction)

Oscillations and waves (mechanical and electromagnetic)

The quantum physics

Exam 1

TOTAL

Thematic planning educational material when taking the course for 2 years

(grades 10-11, 68 hours, 1 hour per week)

Lesson topic

Type of activity

10th grade (34 hours, 1 hour per week)

I. Experiment (1 hour)

Basics of error theory. Errors of direct measurements. Presentation of measurement results in the form of tables and graphs.

II. Mechanics (11 hours)

Kinematics translational and rotational motion. Equations of motion . Graphs of main kinematic parameters

Solving problems on kinematics translational and rotational motion.

Practical lesson 1

Solving problems on the topic “Graphs of basic kinematic parameters”

Practical lesson 2

Dynamics. Newton's laws. Forces in mechanics.

Solving problems on the topic “Newton’s Laws”

Practical lesson 3

Solving problems on the topic “Forces in mechanics”

Practical lesson 4

Solving problems on the topic “Statics”

Practical lesson 5

Solving problems on the topic “Hydrostatics”

Practical lesson 6

Conservation laws

Solving problems on the topic “Conservation Laws”

Practical lesson 7

Test No. 1 "Mechanics"

Practical lesson 8

III.Molecular physics and thermodynamics (12 hours)

Basic equation of MCT of gases. Ideal gas equation of state. Isoprocesses

Solving problems on the topic “Basic equation of MKT”

Practical lesson 9

Solving problems on the topic “Equation of state of an ideal gas”

Practical lesson 10

Solving problems on the topic “Isoprocesses”

Practical lesson 11

Solution graphic tasks on the topic "Isoprocesses"

Practical lesson 12

First law of thermodynamics and its application to various processes of changing the state of the system. Thermodynamics of changes in the aggregate states of substances. Saturated steam.

Solving problems on the topic “The First Law of Thermodynamics”

Practical lesson 13

Solving problems on the topic “Aggregative states of matter.”

Practical lesson 14

Solving problems on the heat balance equation

Practical lesson 15

Solving problems on the topic “Saturated steam”

Practical lesson 16

Second law of thermodynamics, calculation of efficiency of heat engines.

Test No. 2. “Molecular physics”

Practical lesson 17

IV. Electrodynamics (electrostatics, direct current) (10 hours)

Strength and potential of the electrostatic field of a point charge. Graphs of tension and potential. The principle of superposition of electric fields. Charge interaction energy.

Capacitors. Electric field energy

Solving problems on the topic “Intensity and potential of the electrostatic field of a point charge. Graphs of tension and potential"

Practical lesson 18

Solving problems on the topic “The principle of superposition of electric fields. Charge interaction energy"

Practical lesson 19

Solving problems on the topic “Capacitors. Electric field energy"

Practical lesson 20

Solving problems on the topic “Movement” electric charges in an electric field"

Practical lesson 21

D.C. Ohm's law for a homogeneous section and a complete chain. Calculation of branched electrical circuits.

Solving problems on the topic “Ohm’s Law for a homogeneous section of a circuit”

Practical lesson 22

Solving problems on the topic “Ohm’s Law for a Complete Circuit”

Practical lesson 23

Solving problems on calculating the work of electric current power.

Practical lesson 24

Test No. 3

"Electrodynamics (electrostatics, direct current)"

Practical lesson 25

11th grade (34 hours, 1 hour per week)

V. Electrodynamics (magnetic field, electromagnetic induction) (6 hours)

A magnetic field. The principle of superposition of magnetic fields. Ampere and Lorentz forces. Electromagnetic induction

Solving problems on the topic " A magnetic field. The principle of superposition of magnetic fields."

Practical lesson 1

Solving problems on the topic “Ampere Power”

Practical lesson 2

Solving problems on the topic “Lorentz force”

Practical lesson 3

Solving problems on the topic “Electromagnetic induction”

Practical lesson 4

Test No. 4 “Electrodynamics (magnetic field, electromagnetic induction)”

Practical lesson 5

VI. Oscillations and waves (10 hours)

Mechanical harmonic vibrations. The simplest oscillatory systems. Kinematics and dynamics of mechanical vibrations, energy conversion. Resonance.

Solving problems on the topic " Mechanical harmonic vibrations. Simple oscillatory systems."

Practical lesson 6

Solving problems on the topic “Kinematics of mechanical vibrations”

Practical lesson 7

Solving problems on the topic “Energy transformations during mechanical vibrations”

Practical lesson 8

Electromagnetic harmonic oscillations. Oscillatory circuit, energy transformations in an oscillatory circuit. Analogy of electromagnetic and mechanical vibrations

Solving problems on the topic “Electromagnetic oscillations in a circuit”

Practical lesson 9

Solving problems on the topic “Energy transformations in an oscillatory circuit”

Practical lesson 10

Solving problems on the topic “Alternating current. Resonance of voltages and currents"

Practical lesson 11

Solving problems on the topic “Mechanical and electromagnetic waves”

Practical lesson 12

Test No. 5 “Oscillations and waves”

Practical lesson 13

VII. Optics (11 hours)

Geometric optics. The law of reflection and refraction of light

Solving problems on the topic “Laws of refraction”.

Practical lesson 14

Constructing images of objects in thin lenses and flat mirrors

Constructing images in plane mirrors

Practical lesson 15

Imaging in thin lenses

Practical lesson 16

Solving problems on the lens formula.

Practical lesson 17

Wave optics. Interference of light, conditions of interference maximum and minimum . Diffraction of light. Diffraction grating. Dispersion of light.

Solving problems on the topic " Wave optics"

Practical lesson 18

Solving problems on the topic “Interference of light, conditions of interference maximum and minimum

Practical lesson 19

Solving problems on the topic “Diffraction grating”

Practical lesson 20

Test No. 6 “Optics”

Practical lesson 21

VIII. Quantum physics (6 hours)

Photon. Light pressure. Einstein's equation for the photoelectric effect. Application of Bohr's postulates for calculating line spectra of emission and energy absorption by hydrogen-like atoms Atomic nucleus. Law of radioactive decay. Application of the laws of conservation of charge, mass number in problems of nuclear transformations.

Solving problems on the topic “Einstein’s equation”

Practical lesson 22

Solving problems on the topic “Application of Bohr’s postulates”

Practical lesson 23

Solving problems on the topic “The Law of Radioactive Decay”

Practical lesson 24

Solving problems on the topic “Application of rapada laws in problems of nuclear transformations”

Practical lesson 25

Test No. 7 “Quantum physics”

Practical lesson 26

Final testing. Practical lesson 27

Review

for the elective course program

“We are preparing for the UNT in physics”,

compiled by I.Yu. Gusenov, physics teacher

and computer science.

The task of using methods and technologies to ensure preparation for the UNT is currently particularly relevant.

The purpose of the elective course “Preparing for the UNT in Physics” is to provide additional support to students in the classes universal learning for passing the UNT in physics.

The program lasts 68 hours.

The elective course program is consistent with the requirements of the state educational standard and the content of the main physics course programs of the specialized school. It directs the teacher to further improve the knowledge and skills already acquired by students. To do this, the entire program is divided into several sections. The first section introduces students to minimal information about the concept of “task”, gives an idea of ​​the meaning of tasks in life, science, technology, and introduces various aspects of working with tasks. In particular, they must know the basic techniques for composing problems and be able to classify a problem according to three or four bases. In the first section, when solving problems, special attention is paid to the sequence of actions, analysis of a physical phenomenon, speaking the solution out loud, and analyzing the answer received. If at the beginning of the section problems from mechanics, molecular physics, and electrodynamics are used for illustration, then later problems from sections of the 11th grade physics course are solved. When repeating, both theoretical material and methods for solving problems are generalized, systematized, and the goals of repetition are taken into account when preparing for the unified state exam. Particular attention should be paid to tasks related to the professional interests of schoolchildren, as well as tasks of interdisciplinary content. When working with problems, you should pay attention to ideological and methodological generalizations: the needs of society and the formulation of problems, problems from the history of physics, the importance of mathematics for solving problems, familiarization with the system analysis of physical phenomena when solving problems, etc.

When studying the first section, various forms of classes are possible: a story and conversation by the teacher, a presentation by students, a detailed explanation of examples of solving problems, collective formulation of experimental problems, individual and collective work on composing problems, a competition to compose the best problem, familiarization with various problem books, etc. As a result, schoolchildren should be able to classify the proposed problem, compose the simplest problems, consistently carry out and pronounce the stages of solving problems of medium complexity.

When solving problems in mechanics, molecular physics, electrodynamics, the main attention is paid to the formation of problem-solving skills, to the accumulation of experience in solving problems of varying difficulty. The most general point of view is being developed on the solution of a problem as a description of a particular physical phenomenon by physical laws. The content of the topics is selected so as to form the basic methods of this physical theory when solving problems.

The content of software topics usually consists of three components. Firstly, it defines tasks based on content; secondly, characteristic tasks or tasks for individual techniques are identified; thirdly, instructions are given for organizing certain activities with tasks. The teacher selects tasks based on the specific capabilities of the students. It is recommended, first of all, to use problem books from the proposed list of references, and necessary cases school problem books. In this case, you should select tasks of technical and local history content, entertaining and experimental. In the classes, collective and individual forms of work are used: setting, solving and discussing solutions to problems, preparing for the Olympiad, selecting and composing problems on a topic, etc. It is also expected to do homework to solve problems. As a result, schoolchildren can reach the theoretical level of problem solving: solving according to a specific plan, mastery of basic solving techniques, awareness of the activity of solving a problem, self-control and self-esteem, modeling of physical phenomena.

Deputy Director for MMR Z.T. Walk.

Task No. 1

A swimmer swims against the current of the river. What is the speed of the swimmer relative to the river bank if the speed of the swimmer relative to the water is 1.5 m/s, and the speed of the river current is 0.5 m/s?

1) 0.5 m/s
2) 1 m/s +
3) 1.5 m/s
4) 2 m/s
5) 2.5 m/s

Task No. 2

A train 200 m long enters a bridge at a speed of 5 m/s. How long will it take the train to cross the entire bridge if the length of the bridge is 300 m?


1) 20 s
2) 40 s
3) 60 s
4) 50 s
5) 100 s +

Task No. 3

A body at rest begins to move with constant acceleration. In the third second it travels a distance of 5 m. What is the distance the body will pass in 3 s?

Choose one of 5 answer options:
1) 5 m
2) 7 m
3) 9 m +
4) 11 m
5) 12 m

Task No. 4

The speed of the extreme points of a grinding wheel with a radius of 10 cm is 60 m/s. What is their centripetal acceleration?

Choose one of 5 answer options:
1) 6 m/s 2

2) 360 m/s 2

3) 3600 m/s 2

4) 1800 m/s 2

5) 36000 m/s 2 +

Task No. 5

In the experimental setup shown in the figure, two balls of masses m x and m e (m e = 0.1 kg) are installed, held together by a compressed light spring. What is the mass if, after burning out the spring? l 1 = 0.5 m, l 2 = 1 m?

Image:


Choose one of 5 answer options:

1) 0.025 kg
2) 0.05 kg
3) 0.3 kg
4) 0.2 kg +
5) 0.4 kg

Task No. 6

Which expression corresponds to the law of conservation of momentum for the case of interaction of two bodies?

Choose one of 5 answer options:

4)

Task No. 7

What is the kinetic energy of a body weighing 3 kg moving at a speed of 4 m/s?

Choose one of 5 answer options:

1) 6 J
2) 12 J
3) 24 J +
4) 48 J
5) 7 J

Task No. 8

The speaker is connected to the output of the sound generator of electrical oscillations. Oscillation frequency 680 Hz. Determine the length sound wave, knowing that the speed of the sound wave in air is 340 m/s.

Choose one of 5 answer options:

1) 0.5 m +
2) 1 m
3) 2 m
4) 231200 m
5) 1020 m

Task No. 9

A 10 µF capacitor was given a charge of 4 µC. What is the energy of a charged capacitor?

Choose one of 5 answer options:

1) 8*10 -7 J +

2) 2*10 -7 J

3) 1.25*10 7 J

5) 8*10 7 J

Task No. 10

Find the period of oscillation in the circuit if the capacitance of the capacitor is 5.81 * 10 -7 F and the inductance is 0.161 H.

Choose one of 5 answer options:

1) 6.07*10 -3 s

2) 1.92*10 -3 s +

3) 1.92*10 3 s

4) 11.86*10 -3 s

5) 5.86*10 -3 s

Task No. 11

Resonance is...

Choose one of 5 answer options:

1) dependence of the amplitude of forced oscillations on the amplitude of forcing oscillations
2) an increase in the amplitude of forced oscillations as the frequency of forced oscillations approaches the frequency of free oscillations +
3) increase in the frequency of forced oscillations relative to the frequency of forcing oscillations
4) oscillations arising in an oscillatory system under the influence of a periodically changing external force
5) the process of propagation of oscillations among many interconnected oscillatory systems

Task No. 12

A characteristic feature of semiconductors p type is

Choose one of 5 answer options:

1) the presence of an impurity that forms vacancies (“holes”) in the covalent bonds of the semiconductor +
2) the presence of a large number of vacancies (holes) in the semiconductor
3) the presence of an impurity supplying “extra” electrons to the semiconductor crystal
4) complete absence vacant places (holes) in the crystal

Task No. 13

What is the name of a field with closed lines of force?

Choose one of 5 answer options:

1) Electromagnetic
2) Gravitational
3) Electric
4) Vortex +
5) Magnetic

Task No. 14

A 6 m long conductor has a resistance of 3 ohms. What is the resistance of the same conductor 10 m long?

Choose one of 5 answer options:

1) 1.8 Ohm
2) 1.2 Ohm
3) 0.5 Ohm
4) 20 Ohm
5) 5 Ohm +

Task No. 15

What processes are shown in the picture?

Image:



Choose one of 5 answer options:

1) isochoric, isothermal, isobaric +
2) isochoric, isobaric, isochoric
3) isochoric, isothermal, isochoric
4) isobaric, isothermal, isochoric
5) isochoric, isobaric, isothermal

Task No. 16

The resistance of all resistors is the same and equal to R = 2 Ohms. Find the total resistance in the circuit.

Image:


Choose one of 5 answer options:

1) 6.5 Ohm
2) 2.5 Ohm
3) 4.5 Ohm
4) 3.5 Ohm
5) 5.5 Ohm +

Task No. 17

How much heat is needed to change the temperature of a 100 kg brick kiln from 20 to 320°C? (specific heat capacity 750 J/kg)

Choose one of 5 answer options:

1) 2.25*10 7 J +
2) 2.25*10 5 J
3) 7.5*10 4 J
4) 250 J
5) None of the answers is correct

Task No. 18

The electrochemical equivalent of a substance depends on:

Choose one of 5 answer options:


1) from Faraday’s constant;
2) from molar mass substances;
3) the valency of the substance;
4) on the density of the substance; +
5) none of the answers is correct

Task No. 19

Question:
If the voltage between the cathode and anode of a vacuum tube is
200 V, then the electrons emitted by the cathode will reach the anode at a speed
(m e =9.1·10 -31 kg; e=1.6·10 -19 Kl)

Choose one of 5 answer options:

A) ≈10.3*10 -6m/s
B) ≈16.8*10 -6 m/s
C) ≈7.2 *10 -6 m/s
D) ≈8.4*10 6 m/s +
E) ≈0.5*10 -6 m/s

Task No. 19

A ball moves in a straight line on a horizontal table. The angle at which a flat mirror should be installed to the plane of the table so that when the ball moves towards the mirror, the image of the ball moves vertically

Choose one of 5 answer options:


A) 0 o
B) 90 o +
C) 180 o
D) 30 o
E) 45 o

Task No. 20

What is the maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons ejected from the cathode of a vacuum tube if the cutoff voltage is 1.5 V?

Choose one of 5 answer options:


1) 3 eV
2) 4.5 eV
3) 2 eV
4) 1.5 eV +
5) 2.5eV

Tasks with the choice of one or more correct answers

Task No. 21

With what acceleration will a body of mass 2 kg move under the influence of a force of 4 N?

1) 2 m/s
2) 2 m/s 2 +
3) 0.5 m/s
4) 8 m/s 2
5) 0.5 m/s 2
6) 7.2 km/h 2 +
7) 7.2 km/s 2
8) 28.8 km/h 2

Task No. 22

How many molecules are there in 56 g of nitrogen? (N2 = 28g/mol)

Choose several correct answers from 8 options:

1) 5*10 22
2) 12*10 -28
3) 0
4) 12*10 23 +
5) 5*10 3
6) 1,2*10 24 +
7) 12*10 26
8) 5*10 -28

Task No. 23

What is the capacitance of the capacitor if, when charging it to a voltage of 1.4 kV, it receives a charge of 28 nC?

Choose several correct answers from 8 options:

1) 0.5*10 -11 F
2) 2*10 -11 F +
3) 2*10 11 F
4) 3.92*10 -11 F
5) 0.5*10 11 F
6) 20*10 -12 F +
7) 20*10 12 F
8) 200*10 -13 F +

Task No. 24

The radio station transmits at a frequency of 75 MHz. What is the wavelength? (s =3*10 8 m/s)

Choose several correct answers from 8 options:

1) 22.5 m
2) 2.5 m
3) 4 m +
4) 11.5 m
5) 4.5 m
6) 0.04*10 2 m +
7) 0.02*10 2 m
8) 0.004 km +

Task No. 25

A cart with a mass of 2 kg, moving at a speed of 3 m/s, collides with a stationary cart with a mass of 4 kg and is coupled with it. What is the speed of both carts after the interaction?

Choose several correct answers from 8 options:

1) 0.5 m/s
2) 1 m/s
3) 1.5 m/s +
4) 3 m/s
5) 5.4 km/h +
6) 10.8 km/h
7) 5.4 km/s
8) 1.8 km/h



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