A 7 year old child has allergies, what should I do? Allergies in a child: what to do if allergies start? Allergy to cold and frost

Hello dear reader, the topic of this article is “A child is allergic to everything, what to do, how to identify it, and how to cure it?”

We will discuss what mothers should do if their baby shows allergy symptoms to all foods, or most of them. We will also talk about how to find out what exactly an allergy may be to, what cross-allergy is, and how to deal with it, whether it is necessary to provide complementary foods for babies, how often and how to feed a child over 3 years old, who also has signs of severe allergies, and also how a nursing mother should eat.

This article will tell you how to deal withhypersensitivity at the toddler's.

Why does a child develop allergies to all foods?

Infants are the most susceptible to allergies. This happens because everything is new to the baby’s body, the gastrointestinal tract is not fully formed, and the microflora in the intestines is practically absent.

And therefore, when feeding a child a new food product, his body may not break down all the incoming fats, proteins and carbohydrates to the desired molecular state.

Due to increased intestinal absorption, large, not fully processed molecules enter the blood. Here they settle on the blood vessels, to which the immune system begins to react sharply and produce globulin E. And it, in turn, produces protective substances (antigens) to the foreign molecule.

And when the “foreign molecule” re-enters the body, an allergic reaction will occur.

In this regard, complementary foods begin to be introduced to babies at the age of 6 months. Under the strictest prohibition: meat, dairy, eggs, fish.

Symptoms of food allergies.

Food allergies can manifest themselves on the skin, abnormalities of the respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract.

Skin symptoms:

• nettle fever (aka urticaria);
• angioneurotic edema (Quincke's edema);
• baby prurigo(strophulus);
• atopic dermatitis.

Symptoms of an allergic reaction for the respiratory system:

• allergic rhinitis
• bronchial asthma

Manifestations of allergies for the gastrointestinal tract:

• diarrhea
• flatulence
• constipation
• vomit
• nausea
• regurgitation.

For children under one year old, allergenic proteins are milk, banana, rice, chicken eggs, meat, and gluten.

The manifestation of the disease in babies who were bottle-fed is several times higher than in toddlers on a natural diet. If you do allergy tests, it may turn out that there is a reaction not to one protein, but to several (three or more) at once.

But that doesn't mean that The child is allergic to all foods at once.

How to find out what your baby is allergic to?

To determine which product you are hypersensitive to, you need to visit an immunologist.

He will prescribe tests, so-called allergy tests . This diagnosis is carried out during the decline of the disease. Appointedhypoallergenicdiet, loads and stress are contraindicated for a period of 7-10 days.

Then, in the laboratory, scratches are applied to the child’s body in the area of ​​the forearm or back, which are covered with an allergen. After a short period of time, the result of the reaction appears.

Tests are carried out during the period of remission.

But if a child is allergic to everything, what to do? when it is not possible to remove the symptoms of the disease?

There are other diagnostic methods for this:

• Radioallergosorbent test (RAST);
• ELISA;
• PRIST;
• MAST.

The most appropriate tests in your case will be prescribed by your attending physician.

Reactions between allergens that may overlap.

Often, parents who know that their baby is allergic to seafood simply exclude them from their child’s diet.

But there are cases when this product was not consumed, but symptoms appeared.

This phenomenon is called cross-allergy.

To identify it, there are certain tables, oronline calculatorto calculate allergens that overlap. But, due to the fact that each person’s body is special, everyone’s immune system works individually. Therefore, these calculation methods may not always be accurate.

Example of a cross allergy table. You can create such a table by consulting your doctor.

To obtain reliable results, you need to familiarize yourself with the classification of allergens. The fact is that some proteins have partial similarities with others.

These areas are called ethyls , they determineimmunoreactivity.

Allergens are divided according to the nature of their effect on the body:

Domestic– damage to protective elements, which leads to the body’s reaction to its own tissues. This happens, for example, after an eye injury.

External - The child is allergic to everything may manifest itself precisely due to exogenous proteins. They, in turn, are divided into infectious and non-infectious.

The second includes pollen, household, food, insect, epidermal, medicinal.

Basically, immunological practice notes the relationship between food and pollen irritants. In this case, the reaction can take part any allergens.

Types of cross-reaction:

• With obvious symptoms - if the child is allergic to all foods, made from cow's milk, that is, there is a high probability of a reaction to beef. If a chicken egg has a negative effect, a cross-reaction may occur with a feather pillow or chicken meat.
• Not always pronounced symptoms - this includes the so-called reaction latex fruit ( cysteine-containingfruits and pollen).
• Without clinical manifestations - determined only immunoassays.

You can also consider several detailed examples:

Apples. Cross-reaction to pollen of alder, birch, wormwood. You can also add pears, plums and quince.

Bananas. Plantain pollen, melon, latex wheat gluten.

Yeast that is part of kefir, will provoke interaction with products made from yeast dough, mushrooms, some types of cheeses, penicillin and drinks with yeast cultures.

Peanut. If you are not sensitive to this product, a cross-reaction may occur with tomatoes, peas, bananas, latex, stone fruits and berries.

Beans. May be accompanied by sensitivity to mango, peanuts, peas, soy, alfalfa.

Diet therapy - what is it?

Diet therapy is a complexslightly allergenicproducts prescribed by a nutritionist or pediatrician.

If the baby is on a natural type of nutrition, then the nursing mother needs to strictly adhere tohypoallergenicdiet, it will protect the child to the maximum extent from allergy manifestations.

Children on mixed or completely artificial feeding are more likely to suffer from allergies.

If symptoms appear, it is necessary to feed the baby with other formulas. For example, with a goat milk base or a mixture with dissolved protein, adapted soy and fermented milk mixtures.

How should breastfeeding women eat?

After the birth of the child, the mother’s diet may consist of cereals and soups cooked in water. In the future, meat, fish, and dairy products (especially fermented milk) are gradually introduced.

• Orange or red fruits
• Fried foods
• Meat or fish broths
• Spicy dishes
• Chocolate and confectionery

Complete video guide on the topic “How to eat for a nursing mother?”

What is baby feeding?

When the child reaches six months, complementary feeding begins. These are gradual small amounts of food that allow the small body to get used to the inclusion of everyday foods in its diet.

When should you start your first complementary feeding?

Depending on the child’s health condition, the pediatrician, upon examination at 6 months, may prescribe the introduction of complementary foods.

Perfect for thisfreshly boiledgrated vegetables.

It's better to start with one component. For the first time, the volume should not exceed a teaspoon.

With a normal reaction, it can be increased, and little by little, new vegetables can be introduced. This puree may include: potatoes, zucchini, cabbage, squash.

In winter, you can use frozen vegetable mixtures or canned vegetables for children.

When to start the second complementary feeding?

After two months, when the body has coped with the first complementary foods, you can begin to introduce it to cereals.

They can be in the form of store-bought mixtures or prepared independently.

The most important condition is without milkiness and gluten free. Failure to comply with these indicators may result in The child is allergic to all cereals and dairy products.

If porridge is prepared at home, you need to add a few drops of vegetable oil to it. Because normal development requires fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins that it contains.

Is a third feeding needed?

Sooner or later, the baby’s body will have to deal with animal protein. That is why a third or meat complementary food is introduced.

For this, it is better to use rabbit, turkey, horse, and lamb meat.

Beef is not suitable for complementary feeding, because some babies are allergic to cow's milk protein. This may lead to increased sensitivity to this type of meat.

We discussed this topic in the section devoted to cross allergens.

This complementary food, like the previous ones, should be introduced gradually and the baby’s reaction to each type of product should be observed.

The main condition for the third complementary feeding is thoroughly cooked meat; the broth must be drained several times during cooking. After cooking it is crushed blender and grind into puree.

Also, from 10 months you can introduce green fruits into the diet.

As the year approaches, they gradually produce pears, plums, and bananas. At the same time, they are clearly controlleddigestibility, stool condition and the appearance of diathesis.

Fermented milk products are less allergenic than milk, and therefore, they are introduced with kefir, and then cottage cheese is added to the diet.

But if the child is allergic to everything Due to milk protein, this food product must be removed from the diet altogether.

How to reduce the level of allergens in a product?

It's not surprising, but allergenicity products can be reduced. It all depends on the type and method of cooking.

Meat. During cooking, all harmful substances and preparations that are used to raise animals are released. The more often the broth is drained, the fewer allergens remain in the meat.

Potato. Requires careful grinding and pre-soaking for 12-14 hours. In this case, it is better to change the water several times. Excess starch, nitrates and other unhealthy substances will “go” into the water.

Cereals. They also need to be soaked for up to 2 hours. When growing, pesticides, herbicides and other toxic chemicals are used, from which it is better to protect the child.

Fruits. Allergenicity reduces the cooking or baking process.

How to eat for children over 3 years old?

Upon reaching this age, a decrease in the symptoms of the disease may be observed, or vice versa, the child may become allergic to everything at once.

What to do if it gets significantly worse.We can definitely say that at 3 years old it is much easier to replace or eliminate unsuitable products.

When following diet therapy for children over 3 years of age, a step-by-step method is used, which is especially beneficial during an exacerbation of the disease.

The first point of this therapyinvolves eliminating all potential allergens from the diet.

Introduction of only safe food products. You will need to adhere to this diet for several weeks, after which the allergen will be diagnosed.

Second point.It involves drawing up a personal diet, the main goal of which is to eliminate all symptoms of the disease for at least one month (stable remission).

That is, allergens must stop entering the baby’s body.

Third point.After the condition has stabilized, you can, with extreme caution, begin to introduce foods that cause symptoms. allergies in a child. For all these measures must be viewed with great caution.

The first attempt can be started with a few grams and, if there are no symptoms, gradually increase the portion. If there is no reaction in the future, then the next product can be introduced.

But do not forget, it is very important to monitor the general condition of the baby. A diary will help with this, which will clearly display the reaction to everything eaten.

And so, at the end of this article, it should be noted that parents whose children are prone to allergies will have to face many difficulties on the way to their child’s health.

But we can say with confidence that The child is allergic to all foods it can not be. You need to look for suitable components of the diet and identify allergens.

This is the main stage in the treatment of this disease.

What's important to remember?

The first thing you need to know is that allergies appear not because you feed your baby poor quality products, but because the baby’s body is not yet strong enough, the immune system is not strong enough, and the gastrointestinal tract is not formed.

All this together can cause allergies - even from the safest product!

Second. Cross allergy is the ability to develop allergies to products that may contain similar allergens. For example, if a baby is allergic to milk, it is quite possible that he may also be allergic to cow meat. Or cottage cheese.

Therefore, it is important to remember if you notice that your baby is allergic to milk, for example, you should be careful when introducing cow’s meat into his diet - because it may contain a cross-allergen, which can also cause an allergy.

Third. Remember about feeding your baby. Do this carefully, because at the time of complementary feeding, you need to monitor all indicators of his health!

Because an allergy can be caused by any product that the baby has not eaten before.

Treat complementary feeding responsibly, and your baby will thank you...

See you in the next article!

A child's allergy is determined by a skin reaction. This is an acute, severe disease characterized by dangerous symptoms. Signs may appear on the entire body or just the face, in places of contact with substances that irritate the immune system. It is important to correctly determine the source of the allergy, identify the cause of the reaction and immediately begin treatment for the child.

What is an allergy

An adult or child allergy is an acute reaction of the immune system to allergens - substances that are harmless to an ordinary person. Symptoms occur in different parts of the body, last from minutes to days, and vary in severity. The immunity of a child and an adult is configured to constantly protect the body from dangerous influences. When such a substance gets inside, processes develop - inflammation, disruption of organ functioning (skin, lungs, eyes, throat, digestive tract). If the defense is too active, allergy factors arise.

A predisposition to them can be observed in a child in any case, but the likelihood of allergies developing in childhood is especially high if both parents were allergic. If only the mother suffers, the risk of getting sick remains at 80%, only the father - 30-40%, and if grandparents - 20%. The allergen can be identified by special tests, and cured by the use of antihistamines, folk methods and preventive actions.

What does an allergy look like in children?

The most common manifestation of allergies in children is an itchy rash on the body and face. These are small red blisters or large spots with a pink tint that may swell. The rash is very itchy, brings discomfort, and the child begins to itch. If allergy symptoms appear on the face, the spots are called urticaria. It appears instantly after contact with the allergen and goes away on its own without treatment. If the skin of the body is severely damaged, you should not expect the rash to go away on its own - call a doctor and take immediate action.

Another type of allergy in children is contact dermatitis. It is visible only in those places that have been in contact with the allergen. It is caused by cosmetics, metals, clothing fibers, and household chemicals. Unlike hives and rashes, atopic dermatitis appears only after prolonged exposure and not immediately. First, the skin itches, then turns red, dries, and bubbles filled with liquid appear.

Knowing how allergies manifest themselves in children is useful for all parents. This will help protect the child from complications of the disease, take timely measures to eliminate them and prevent Quincke's edema. Signs of an allergy depend on its type - a food allergy manifests itself on the skin, and a dust or pollen allergy manifests itself in the respiratory system. The early age of the child causes the symptoms to be less noticeable. To detect them, carefully monitor your baby when introducing new foods to his diet, surrounding him with previously unused household materials.

Allergies in children on the face occur in the form of urticaria and damage to the respiratory organs. The child begins to experience allergic rhinitis - colorless mucus appears from the nose, the nasopharynx swells, and the eyes water. The baby may sneeze, rub his nose, or suffer from a runny nose for more than 10 days. If during this time no signs of a cold appear (fever, sore throat), then it is an allergy.

Serious respiratory disorders are asthma and allergic bronchitis. They are similar to regular ones, but can become chronic. The most severe allergic reactions are anaphylactic shock and Quincke's edema. The first is manifested by difficulty breathing, paleness of the skin of the face and lips, and loss of consciousness. The second is even more dangerous - the child stops breathing due to swelling of the mucous membrane, this condition requires immediate medical attention.

The main symptoms of allergies on the body and stomach are rashes and blisters. The child begins to itch, sleeps poorly, dermatitis and weeping areas of the skin appear - eczema. Acute urticaria first occurs at the site where the skin interacts with the allergen and, if untreated, affects the entire body. The rash develops into fluid-filled blisters, causing itching and burning.

The most important cause of allergies in a child is an acute reaction of the immune system to certain substances. In response to interaction with new or unpleasant components of the body, histamines are produced, causing swelling, redness of the skin and rash. Cough and nausea are caused by inhaling dust, fur, fluff, eating certain foods, applying cosmetics and medications to the skin, and getting pollen and cigarette smoke into the body. Also, the likelihood of allergies increases due to poor environmental conditions and heredity.

Allergies in children under one year of age

Frequent causes of allergies in infants are a predisposition to illness and improper feeding, when the child receives an artificial formula instead of breast milk. This affects the baby’s health – rashes, peeling, intestinal colic, diarrhea, and vomiting appear. To maintain your health, carefully choose your complementary feeding formula and follow the feeding recommendations of your pediatrician and other doctors.

Main allergens in children

According to medical data, allergic reactions in children occur due to interaction with allergens. Here are their main groups:

1. Food - cow's milk, fish, caviar, crayfish, lobster, oysters and other shellfish. 87% of children suffer from allergies to egg whites, many to rye, wheat, kefir, baked goods and kvass. Vegetables, fruits, and berries contain strong allergens.
2. Non-food – dyes, flavors, emulsifiers, preservatives included in food products.
3. Household – pets, external dust, pillow and blanket fillings, household chemicals.
4. Pollen - dandelions, wormwood, nettle, quinoa, poplar, acacia, wheat bloom.
5. Fungal - echinococcus, schistosome, roundworm, viruses.
6. Epidermal - fibers of synthetic origin.

Types of allergies

Based on the types of allergens that cause immune reactions, the following types of allergies are distinguished:

1. Food allergies in children are the most common and are caused by foods with a large amount of histamines. Occurs in children under two years of age with dysbacteriosis or introduction of complementary foods too early.
2. On animals - it would be more correct to speak not of wool, but of waste products carried by it. Allergens include saliva, blood, epithelial cells, urine, and excrement.
3. For pollen - begins after eight years. According to the period of occurrence of the reaction, the cause is identified: trees bloom from April to May, meadow grasses from June to July, weeds from August to September.
4. On medications – caused by penicillin and its derivatives. A dangerous species threatens anaphylactic shock.
5. To house dust – a hypertrophied reaction to the secretions of small mites living in the dust.
6. For insect bites - bees, wasps due to poison.

Why allergies are dangerous

If you do not take timely measures to eliminate allergic reactions, you can get complications:

• allergies become chronic;
• the child gets anaphylactic shock or Quincke's edema;
• symptoms of severe cases include difficulty breathing, cold sweat, clammy skin, convulsions;
• If left untreated, death may occur.

To avoid becoming a victim of allergies, you should carry out prevention consisting of the following rules:

• introduce milk and eggs into the baby’s diet after a year, after three years - nuts, and with caution - red berries;
• thoroughly clean the child’s room - do wet cleaning and vacuuming twice a week;
• exclude the use of a large amount of furniture, carpets, and soft toys in the apartment;
• sleep on a pillow, blanket and mattress with hypoallergenic fillings;
• install a humidifier;
• walk more often in the sunshine, strengthen the child;
• Keep antihistamines in your medicine cabinet.

Diagnostics

Allergic diseases in children are diagnosed only after a comprehensive examination of the body. It is carried out by an allergist who looks at complaints, features of the development of the disease and the conditions under which it occurs. After this, the diagnosis is assigned:

1. Internal skin tests - allergens are injected under the skin of the forearm in the form of drops by pricking or scratching. The method is painless and gives an expected result. No more than 15 samples can be performed at a time. The result of swelling and redness is considered positive.
2. Study of specific antibodies - the analysis identifies a possible group of allergens and is highly sensitive.
3. Provocative tests - used when the results are unclear after the first two methods. In these tests, allergens are injected into the nose, under the tongue and into the bronchi, and the reaction is assessed.
4. Elimination tests are carried out to confirm a specific allergen. The methods consist of removing allergic irritations - prescribing a diet, a diary, and eliminating contact with cosmetics and pollen.

How to determine what your child is allergic to

At home, the question of how to identify an allergen in a child can also be resolved effectively. When breastfeeding, the mother needs to reconsider her diet, eliminate allergens, and replace one artificial formula with another. During complementary feeding, the woman carefully monitors the baby’s condition and his reaction to foods. In older children, the following will help determine the cause of the allergy:

• food diary;
• attention to the condition of the water from the tap and the surrounding air;
• wash dishes and laundry using safe products;
• replacement of cosmetics;
• wet cleaning, excluding the presence of old upholstered furniture, carpets, cats;
• moving to another place - if no allergies are observed during your stay, then the problem may be mites, mold, dust;
• the period of allergy manifestation - if it is spring or summer, the cause is flowering plants.

How to treat

The first step in the treatment of allergies in children is the removal of the allergen from the environment. Severe cases are treated with antihistamines prescribed by doctors - ointments, tablets, injections. A non-medicinal method is desensitization, which consists of gradually introducing small doses of an allergen into the body over a period of five years. This way the body will react less.

Along with antihistamines, the child additionally needs to take vitamins, strengthen the immune system, and apply ointments to damaged skin to avoid the formation of dermatitis. Suspensions with antiallergic properties are taken orally and eliminate the consequences of food allergies. Ointments and creams relieve inflammation, nasal corticosteroids relieve allergic rhinitis, bronchodilators relieve asthma, eye drops relieve conjunctivitis.

Folk remedies

In addition to medications, traditional medicine methods can alleviate allergic reactions in a child:

• decoctions of duckweed, burdock, dandelion inside;
• baths and lotions from string, valerian;
• ointments with string, birch tar;
• taking propolis, mumiyo.

Photos of allergies in children

The information presented on the site is for informational purposes only. The site materials do not encourage self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and make recommendations for treatment based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

What to do if your child has allergies

If you have a severe allergy, please refer to point 2 of the article. If you know what triggered an allergic reaction in your baby, go straight to point 4. What to do if your child has an allergy, depending on its type, is described there. If you don’t have a clear idea, read the entire material – these are instructions for action.

1. Determine the severity of the allergic reaction

If a child has a rash, itching is observed on certain parts of the body and they do not spread further; if there is sneezing, tearing and itchy eyes, then this is a mild allergy. With moderate, the same symptoms are observed (rash, itching), but with one difference: they are not limited to specific parts of the body. In case of a severe allergic reaction, anaphylactic shock may occur, which is characterized by swelling of the pharynx and larynx, pain, vomiting, convulsions, drop in pressure, and loss of consciousness.

2. Call an ambulance - here's what to do if you have a severe allergy

Before the ambulance arrives, whose doctor will give the injection of adrenaline necessary in this situation, you can calm the child and lay him down so that all the airways are cleared.

3. Identify the allergen

Based on the signs of allergies, you need to find out what exactly caused such a reaction in the body. If the main symptom is a rash or itching, then most likely the “household” allergen is to blame, that is, something that the child could touch: animal fur, a poisonous plant, a cosmetic product, jewelry.

If you are worried about nausea, abdominal pain, gas formation and loose stools, the allergen entered through the esophagus, that is, you should remember what the child ate and drank, what medications he took over the last 2 days (the reaction may be delayed).

When all the unpleasant sensations occur in the eyes: itching, redness, tearing, swelling - look for an allergen among plants (their pollen is allergenic) or household irritants (dust, for example).

Cough, runny nose, sore throat are a consequence of an allergic reaction of the nasopharynx and bronchi to animal hair, dust, spores, and pollen.

4. What to do if you have allergies:

• cutaneous– interrupt contact with the allergen, lubricate the site of the allergic reaction with antihistamine gel or ointment (“ Fenistil» gel, hydrocortisone ointment), show the rash to a doctor;
• food– exclude the allergen from the child’s or mother’s diet, if the baby is on breastfeeding, give an antihistamine (“ Eden», « Erius», « Zodak», « Fenistil") according to the instructions, consult a doctor;
• ocular– ventilate the room, apply antiallergic eye drops for children (“ Cromoghlin», « Lecrolin», « Opatanol"), visit a doctor;
• respiratory- ventilate the room, drip spray into the nose (“ Bexonase», « Flexonase") or give an antihistamine (" Zyrtec», « Claritin», « Diazolin"), be examined by a doctor.

​My baby turned out to be allergic to pollen. We were also prescribed Zyrtec to relieve allergy symptoms. We drink it through courses. Our eyes become swollen, watery, and we have a runny nose, so we can’t do without medication. I didn’t notice any side effects, no drowsiness.

Advantan ointment helped us a lot in due time and Elidel

but fenistil doesn’t help us and it seems like there’s very little rash now, but a terrible rash has started on the butt in spots, we just put on a diaper on the street and then we’ve been using the same ones for a year, but it’s getting worse, I smeared it with advantan, it started to turn red, I washed it off right away((((and our pediatrician is such that she asks me herself, and she is the only one in our city, tell me what to do(((((

my baby is 11 months old, a week and a half ago, a spot in the form of pimples appeared on our knee, then this spot began to grow and spread throughout the body. We visited a dermatologist, diagnosed atopic dermatitis, prescribed Smecta for 3 days, fenistil and ointment. The allergy does not go away anymore third week, the child is on a strict diet, no animals, every other day I wash the floors, I don’t know what to do, tell me

Conducts allergy tests, preferably by donating blood, not buttons, to boost immunity.

with allergies, the immune system is very high, which is why it reacts so violently

Doubtful) I myself am an allergy sufferer and this arose against the background of very low immunity.

We only had allergies once in the maternity hospital. completely poured out under the diaper - changed the brand of diapers and everything got better

So far we haven't had any allergies. I hope it won't)

same thing, I hope we don't collide

ttt, we are not allergic. but my friend and her child are suffering, although now they have found an excellent doctor, let’s hope that he will help them)

We have periodic skin and food problems. We drink fenistil.

This is a first generation medicine, it has a lot of side effects, it really affects the nervous system, I would advise you to consult with another doctor, he will prescribe you a safer medicine, we also encountered food allergies, Sny is allergic to cottage cheese, the reaction is severe, we were prescribed Zyrtec, it’s new generation, there are no such side effects, and it helps us well.

If the doctor already knows about the child’s illness, a telephone consultation is sufficient.

First aid for allergies

Timely first aid for allergies can save a person’s life. After all, this is a fairly serious disease, which is often accompanied by dangerous symptoms.

Therefore, if any life-threatening signs appear, you should call an ambulance and take the necessary measures before its arrival.

Forms of manifestations

Allergies can have a different course, and this has a direct impact on the symptoms of the disease.

Mild forms of allergies usually manifest themselves in the following types:

• limited urticaria– consists of damage to the mucous membranes and skin;
• allergic conjunctivitis– damage to the conjunctiva of the eyes;
• allergic rhinitis– damage to the nasal mucosa.

Severe forms of allergic reactions pose a real danger to human health and life and require emergency medical care.

1. anaphylactic shock– consists of a sharp decrease in blood pressure and problems in microcirculation in organs;
2. Quincke's edema– manifests itself in the form of a spasm of the respiratory muscles and ensuing suffocation, which poses a real danger to life;
3. generalized urticaria– accompanied by the development of intoxication syndrome.

How the mild form manifests itself and what to do

When mild allergic reactions develop, the following symptoms usually appear:

• slight itching on the skin in the area of ​​contact with the allergen;
• lacrimation and slight itching in the eye area;
• unexpressed redness of a limited area of ​​the skin;
• slight swelling or swelling;
• runny nose and nasal congestion;
• constant sneezing;
• the appearance of blisters in the area of ​​the insect bite.

If such symptoms occur, you need to do the following sequence of actions:

1. thoroughly rinse the area of ​​contact with the allergen with warm water - nose, mouth, skin;
2. avoid contact with the allergen;
3. if the allergy is associated with an insect bite and a sting remains in the affected area, it must be carefully removed;
4. apply a cool compress to the itchy area of ​​the body;
5. take an anti-allergy drug – loratadine, Zyrtec, Telfast.

If a person’s condition worsens, you should contact an ambulance or go to a medical facility yourself.

Common symptoms that require you to call an ambulance

There are allergy symptoms that require immediate medical attention:

• breathing problems, shortness of breath;
• spasms in the throat, a feeling of closing the airways;
• nausea and vomiting;
• pain in the abdomen;
• hoarseness, speech problems;
• swelling, redness, itching of large areas of the body;
• weakness, dizziness, feeling of anxiety;
• increased heart rate and palpitations;
• loss of consciousness.

Symptoms of severe forms

In acute forms of allergies, very specific symptoms arise that require urgent medical attention.

Quincke's edema

This is a fairly common form of allergy in people, and it is most often observed in young women.

The patient experiences swelling of the subcutaneous tissue and mucous membranes. When the throat is swollen, problems with breathing and swallowing appear.

If medical assistance is not provided in time, a person may die from suffocation.

The main symptoms of angioedema include the following:

• breathing problems;
• hoarseness and cough;
• epileptic seizure;
• asphyxia;
• swelling of the skin.

Hives

With the development of urticaria, bright pink blisters appear on the skin, which are accompanied by burning and itching.

After a few hours they turn pale and then disappear completely.

Along with the development of these symptoms, headaches and fever appear.

This process can continue continuously or have a wave-like course over several days. In some cases it lasts for several months.

Anaphylactic shock

Symptoms of this condition can manifest in different ways, depending on the severity of the allergic reaction.

Typically, anaphylaxis is characterized by the following symptoms:

• red rash accompanied by severe itching;
• swelling around the eyes, lips and limbs;
• narrowing, swelling, spasms of the airways;
• nausea and vomiting;
• feeling of a lump in the throat;
• metallic taste in the mouth;
• feeling of fear;
• a sharp decrease in blood pressure, which can cause dizziness, weakness, and loss of consciousness.

Severe rash

Severe skin rashes can manifest as eczema.

This condition is characterized by inflammation of the upper layers of the skin. Typically, eczema is accompanied by severe itching and has a long course with periods of exacerbations.

Also, a severe rash can manifest itself in the form of atopic dermatitis.

This disease is characterized by the development of erythema with bright redness of individual areas of the skin and severe tissue swelling.

Subsequently, such dermatitis can lead to the appearance of blisters, which, after opening, leave weeping erosions.

First aid for allergies at home for:

Quincke's edema

Treatment of this disease should never be delayed, as it may precede anaphylactic shock.

First aid for allergic reactions accompanied by angioedema should include the following measures:

1. stopping the entry of the allergen into the body.
2. refusal to eat.
3. administration of antihistamines. Loratadine or cetirizine can be used orally; suprastin or diphenhydramine is usually prescribed intramuscularly.
4. use of sorbents. In this case, enterosgel, activated carbon, and smecta are suitable. You can also give a person a cleansing enema.

Hives

If symptoms of urticaria appear, you need to act according to the following scenario:

1. stop taking medications;
2. If you have an allergic reaction to food, take a sorbent - white coal or enterosgel. You can also drink a laxative and rinse your stomach;
3. If an insect bites you, you should get rid of the source of the poison;
4. When a contact allergy occurs, you need to remove the irritant from the surface of the skin.

Tavegil, suprastin or diphenhydramine can be administered intravenously.

If large areas of skin are affected, intravenous administration of prednisolone is indicated.

Anaphylactic shock

If the necessary medications are not available, you need to rinse the stomach, do a cleansing enema, and give the patient activated charcoal.

Also, in the area of ​​contact with the allergen, you can lubricate the skin with an ointment containing hydrocortisone or prednisolone.

You should also carry out the following sequence of actions:

1. stop access of the allergen;
2. position the person in such a way as to prevent the tongue from sticking in and swallowing vomit;
3. apply a tourniquet above the insect bite or use a medicine;
4. administer adrenaline, mesaton or norepinephrine intravenously or intramuscularly;
5. administer prednisolone with glucose solution intravenously;
6. Inject antihistamines intravenously or intramuscularly after normalization of blood pressure.

Video: All about anaphylactic shock

Severe rash

Before identifying the allergen, you can resort to topical remedies to treat allergic rashes.

Therapy should be aimed at eliminating swelling and reducing the feeling of itching of the skin.

To do this, you can wet the affected areas with cold water or use a cool compress.

To avoid the spread of an allergic rash, you need to protect the affected areas of the skin from external factors.

You should also limit contact of affected areas with water. It is very important that the skin comes into contact only with natural cotton fabric.

What to do if you react to:

If an allergy to the sun leads to loss of consciousness, you should immediately call an ambulance.

Before doctors arrive, it is necessary to provide assistance to the victim:

1. try to bring the person to consciousness.
2. It is important to ensure that clothing is loose and does not irritate the skin.
3. provide sufficient water to replenish fluid deficiency in the body.
4. if the temperature exceeds 38 degrees, you need to apply a cool compress to the forehead, legs, and groin. If possible, it is necessary to use antipyretic drugs - paracetamol or ibuprofen.
5. If vomiting occurs, the person should be turned on their side.

Is it worth using Polysorb for allergies? The answer is here.

Insect bite

An allergy to a bee sting occurs in approximately 2% of people. Moreover, upon the first bite, a reaction may not appear.

If there is a tendency to allergies, a person may develop anaphylactic shock when insect bites.

In this case, an urgent call to an ambulance is necessary, and before its arrival, the following measures must be taken:

1. lay down and cover a person;
2. give the victim several antihistamine tablets;
3. in the absence of swelling of the pharynx and tongue, you can give him strong sweet tea or coffee;
4. if breathing or heartbeat stops, you need to perform artificial respiration and closed cardiac massage.

Food allergen

Guidelines for helping with food allergies depend on the severity of the reaction. If life-threatening symptoms appear, you should immediately call an ambulance.

In other cases you can:

1. use sorbents– white coal, enterosgel.
2. take an antihistamine– cetirizine, desloratadine, loratadine.
3. in case of significant skin damage and severe itching, first generation antihistamines - suprastin - are used.
4. for severe allergies, hormonal medications are indicated– dexamethasone, prednisolone.
5. ointments are used to eliminate skin manifestations– fenistil, bepanten, skin-cap. In difficult cases, you can use topical hormonal drugs - hydrocortisone or prednisolone ointment.

How to help a child

First aid for allergies in a child consists of implementing the following measures:

1. sit the baby upright - this position usually helps ease breathing. If dizziness occurs, he should be placed on the bed. If nausea is present, your head should be turned to the side.
2. Give the child an antihistamine in any form - syrup, tablets, capsules. If the baby cannot swallow or has lost consciousness, the tablet must be crushed, mixed with water and poured into his mouth.
3. If a child has lost consciousness, you need to constantly check his pulse, breathing, and pupils. If the child is not breathing or has no palpable pulse, you should immediately begin resuscitation measures - artificial respiration and cardiac massage.

What to do if you have a sudden reaction on your face

Immediate help for the appearance of rashes on the face is to:

1. cleansing the affected area;
2. then a cool compress based on a decoction of sage, calendula or chamomile should be applied to the cleansed skin;
3. gauze needs to be changed every two minutes;
4. the total duration of the procedure should be ten minutes;
5. after this, the face can be dried and sprinkled with potato or rice starch - these products will help eliminate redness and swelling;
6. the procedure must be repeated several times within an hour.

Do not neglect antihistamines either. If allergies appear on the face, you can take tavegil, suprastin, loratadine. If the reaction does not go away, you should immediately consult a doctor.

What should always be in the first aid kit

The following medications should always be present in the first aid kit of a person prone to allergic reactions:

1. general antihistamine – cetirizine, loratadine, etc.;
2. antiallergic agent for topical use - hydrocortisone ointment, elocom;
3. hormonal anti-inflammatory drug for relieving acute allergy attacks - prednisolone.

For people who have experienced anaphylactic shock at least once, doctors recommend that they always carry a syringe with adrenaline with them.

This will allow others to help the person with the development of severe allergies.

What to do if you don’t have a first aid kit at hand

In case of a mild allergic reaction, it is enough to avoid contact with the allergen.

To eliminate rashes and reduce swelling, you can use folk remedies:

If you have a severe allergy, you should never self-medicate.

In such a situation, you should urgently contact an ambulance or take the victim to the hospital - any delay can result in death.

Should I prescribe nasal allergy drops? Follow the link.

What kind of ointment is there for allergies and itching? Find out more.

What is strictly forbidden to do

If anaphylactic shock and other severe allergic reactions develop, you should not:

1. Leaving a person alone.
2. Give him something to drink or eat.
3. Place any objects under your head, as this can lead to increased respiratory failure.
4. Give antipyretics for fever.

If the allergy is associated with intravenous medication, there is no need to remove the needle from the vein. In this case, it is enough to stop the administration of the drug and use the syringe in the vein to inject the allergy medicine.

Proper and timely assistance for an allergic reaction can save a person’s life.

1. severe skin rashes;
2. breathing problems;
3. drop in blood pressure

You must immediately call an ambulance and take all necessary actions before it arrives.

Allergies in children, diet

Treatment methods with folk remedies

Every year the number of children suffering from allergic diseases is growing. According to medical statistics, about 18% of children of different ages suffer from manifestations of this disease. And every time mothers ask the question “the child has allergies, what should I do?”

Allergies in a one-month-old baby

Most often (almost always), allergies in infants and one-month-old children appear as a result of the mother’s consumption of allergenic foods. It is necessary to exclude from the diet: undiluted milk, milk porridges, fish and seafood, eggs, nuts, chocolate, flour, onions, garlic, citrus fruits, raspberries, mushrooms, food with preservatives and seasonings.

Allergies are called response (suspended sensitivity) of the child’s immune system to any substances coming from the external environment. The body perceives this substance as potentially dangerous. As a result, protective responses are triggered in the body, which can manifest as a skin rash, runny nose or cough.

Most scientists believe that allergies are nothing more than a hereditary disease. If a child has one of the parents with allergies, then there is a huge probability that this disease will manifest itself sooner or later in him.

We can divide allergies into three categories; the first includes allergies to dust, plants, pollen, and animals. This type of allergy is called a household allergy. A food allergy is an allergy caused by fruits such as lemons, oranges, strawberries, and it also includes allergies caused by chocolate, eggs and other foods. And the third category of allergies is those caused by medications.

Causes of allergies in children

This disease may appear due to certain reasons. One of these reasons may be improper and poor-quality nutrition. It has long been proven that bottle-fed babies are more susceptible to allergic reactions than infants who, from birth, are fed their mother's milk. The fact is that the mixtures contain cow protein, which, in principle, is the strongest allergen. In addition, if a pregnant woman has consumed a large amount of allergenic foods, this can also lead to allergies in the infant.

Another significant reason for the development of allergies can be heredity. If both father and mother suffer from allergic reactions, then the child has a 75% chance of developing the disease. If only one of the parents suffers from allergic manifestations, then the likelihood of allergies decreases to 35%.

Of great importance, of course, is the health status of the mother. If the mother's immunity is greatly reduced, or disturbances in the intestinal microflora occur, then the likelihood of allergic manifestations in the child increases.

Allergy to cats and dogs.

Allergies to animals (fur) occur through direct contact with them. The first thing you should not do is touch stray animals, kiss them. If there was contact, you need to wash your hands and face with soap, and also rinse your nasal passages with soap.

Allergy to cold and frost.

Allergies to frost and cold do not exist as such, since cold does not have an allergen, and there are no antibodies to cold either. Pseudo-allergy is called cold allergy. This happens because in some people, when cold, the protein tissue cells come together. As a result, histamine is released. The second reason for such allergies is hidden diseases. With a strong immune system and good functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, allergies to cold are less common. To prevent hypothermia, you need to wear gloves, a hat, a scarf in winter, and wear gaiters made of natural materials. Shortly before going outside, you can drink warm tea and apply a rich (non-moisturizing) cream to your face. You should wash your face only with warm water and apply soda lotions. Supercooled skin should be lubricated with aloe, vitamins A and E. Any blisters that appear should be lubricated with brilliant green. You should only take warm food.

Allergic reaction to baby formula.

An allergic reaction to infant formula is quite common. Different manufacturers add different components. The mixture should be selected individually for the child according to age and taste preferences. Careful study of the composition will allow you to avoid possible allergies, since some cereals contain gluten, which is poorly absorbed by the immature gastrointestinal tract. The gluten-free trinity (rice, buckwheat, corn) practically do not cause allergies if given correctly, starting with half a teaspoon.

Allergic rashes on the skin of a child.

Allergies can manifest themselves:

• On the skin.
• Through the intestines.
• Through the respiratory organs.
• Through the excretory organs.

Manifestations on the skin include rashes, prickly heat, blisters, scales, and crusts. They are accompanied by itching and pain. Places of occurrence: face, head, buttocks, shoulders, thighs, abdomen. Allergic rashes on the butt can be caused by incorrectly selected diapers, since the adsorbent may not be suitable for the child. Skin rashes include: urticaria, exudative erythema (severe allergic reaction in infants) and Quincke's edema (a life-threatening condition).

Intestinal allergic symptoms:

Manifestation of allergies through the respiratory system:

• dry night cough,
• copious colorless discharge from the nose,
• wheezing,
• dyspnea,
• whistling when breathing.

Allergy symptoms in children

If we talk about symptoms, they can also be divided into two types:

• with general symptoms
• with local symptoms.

Common symptoms and signs of allergies are: nausea, headache, vomiting, fever, chills. Local symptoms include skin redness, itching, rashes, and tissue necrosis.

Runny nose (allergic rhinitis) This is the most common manifestation of allergies in children; it is also manifested by atopic dermatitis, as well as bronchial asthma.

Allergy to the butt or cheeks The child will most often talk about the incorrectly selected menu for the baby. This could be a reaction to a formula or food, or maybe to some foods.

Rash. If a child has a rash on the body, an allergy on the face, legs, or arms, there is a possibility that the cause is washing powder. The child needs to be undressed, washed and changed.

Allergy to cats and dogs It doesn’t occur as often in children, but it still happens. It usually does not appear immediately; symptoms include a runny nose, lacrimation, and sometimes a cough.

Allergy attack in children

Allergy attacks can be relieved with conventional antihistamines, but you should carefully read the instructions and dosage.

If the child gets worse, call an ambulance immediately.

Allergies in infants

In a baby who has already been born, an allergy can most often manifest itself to the mother's breast milk. In this case, the mother should carefully monitor what she eats and exclude allergenic foods. An allergy to breast milk can also cause gastrointestinal problems in a newborn. I may experience stomach upset, diarrhea, and gas. Untreated allergies can progress to a chronic stage and even asthma.

Diet for allergies in children

At an older age, food allergies in children can appear from red fruits, chocolate, and citrus fruits. In this case, you need a diet that does not require the presence of these products in the diet. Diathesis in a child, which is one of the most common types of food allergies, is not difficult to treat, the main thing is to follow the doctor’s recommendations and track which foods trigger the body’s reaction.

Treatment of allergies with folk remedies

When starting treatment for allergies, you must remember that folk remedies can not only bring benefits, but also harm; you should not use several remedies at the same time, and if allergies appear frequently, you should consult a doctor.

To treat childhood allergies, herbal baths are recommended. These baths can be used from birth. They are effective, helping not only to cope with allergic reactions, but also have a beneficial effect on the nervous system. For greater effectiveness, bathing in a herbal decoction is recommended for several days. If improvements are not noticeable, you should consult your doctor.

Maintain the temperature of the baby bath, do not exceed 37.5 degrees, and the bath should be taken no longer than ten minutes. The recommended course duration is 5-7 procedures every other day. After bathing in the medicinal infusion, there is no need to rinse the skin; pat dry with a towel.

If the allergy occurs while taking medications, self-medication is excluded.

Before you start bathing your baby, you need to do a test. Soak a cotton swab in the prepared herbal decoction and apply it to the child’s body, both on a healthy area and on a sick one. Wait for a reaction. If the diseased area begins to look better, then swimming is allowed. Look at the healthy area, it is important that allergic reactions do not appear on it.

To begin with, you should pay attention to herbs such as oregano, dandelion, chamomile, and string. It may be that more than one type of herb is suitable for treating your allergies. In this case, you can use them together, but not more than five types.

Diet for expectant mothers

How to avoid food allergies in your unborn child? 10-20% of all children under one year of age currently have food allergies. The mechanism leading to its appearance is complex and multifaceted - this includes heredity, and the characteristics of the child’s development, but most importantly, it is the behavior of the expectant mother during pregnancy.

It has long been known and proven that food allergies develop more often in children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy, often suffered from colds and ate poorly (ate foods that contain a large number of allergens), or those who, on the contrary, followed strict and long-term hypoallergenic diet. This is especially true for women who themselves have allergic ailments (rash, sneezing, redness of mucous membranes, itching, etc.).

The list of prohibited foods includes the following: cow's milk, crustaceans, fish, chicken eggs, nuts, vegetables and fruits of bright colors (citrus fruits, strawberries and raspberries, tomatoes, mangoes and peaches), soybeans, celery, and cereals. Vegetables, fruits and nuts are the most important allergens for food allergies, which means that, first of all, a pregnant woman should limit them.

In second place in importance are cow's milk and chocolate; you should not completely exclude them from your diet, just limit them to 300 ml of milk per day, and eat chocolate no more than once a week. Products containing food additives such as preservatives, thickeners, stabilizers, antioxidants, flavor enhancers, dyes, products containing benzoates, sulfites, sorbic acid, monosodium glutamate, nitrates and nitrites should be consumed as little as possible. These substances are used to protect products from spoilage and rancidity, to impart lasting color and aroma, and to process packaging materials. By following these tips, pregnant women can minimize the occurrence of food allergies in their unborn baby.

Treatment of a child with folk remedies, Children's diseases

• Allergic rhinitis

Secrets of traditional medicine

Collection of folk remedies for treating various diseases and bad habits

Food allergies in a child: what to do?

Food allergies in a child are a fairly common problem that many parents face. An allergic reaction can occur to almost any product, so it is very important to know the main symptoms, treatment methods and methods of preventing this disease.

An allergic reaction usually develops as a result of consuming a particular product. This phenomenon is associated with the excessive sensitivity of the body, which considers a certain substance dangerous, as a result of which special antibodies and immunoglobulins are released. The causes of allergies are not always known, but there is a hereditary tendency to such diseases.

Food allergies: photos and main symptoms

An allergic reaction is accompanied by a number of very characteristic symptoms:

1. The most characteristic symptom is a skin rash. Rashes, red spots, sometimes even pustules and ulcers appear on the child’s body. Quite often, the rash appears on the face and skin of the abdomen. As a rule, the skin reaction is accompanied by severe itching.
2. Food allergies can also cause digestive system disorders. Children quite often suffer from bloating, nausea, belching, and vomiting. Sometimes diarrhea and abdominal pain are observed.
3. Another manifestation of food allergies is swelling. By the way, this symptom is dangerous, especially if there is severe swelling of the mucous membranes, skin and eyelids - this may signal the onset of anaphylactic shock, in which the child simply needs emergency medical care.

Food allergies in a child: the most dangerous foods

As already mentioned, an allergic reaction can develop to any product. Nevertheless, several of the most dangerous allergens have been identified:

1. Cow's milk is probably the most common allergen, especially among children under one year of age. The problem is that almost all artificial formulas contain cow's milk protein. Therefore, for such a baby you need to choose food very carefully.
2. Citrus fruits, red fruits and berries, carrots, grapes, kiwi.
3. Chicken eggs, especially the yolks.
4. Fish and seafood.
5. Legumes, including peas, lentils, soybeans.
6. Nuts.
7. Chocolate.

It is worth considering that it is not only what the baby eats that matters here. If a child is breastfed, then allergens enter his body along with mother's milk. Therefore, nursing mothers are required to follow a proper – hypoallergenic – diet.

Food allergy in a child: diagnosis

As a rule, after examination and familiarization with the symptoms, the doctor may suspect the presence of a food allergy. A blood test is prescribed, which will show an increased amount of immunoglobulin E. If it is not known which products lead to the development of the reaction, then it is necessary to carry out skin tests: concentrated and purified solutions of potential allergens are applied to the skin, and then a reaction is expected.

Food allergies in children: treatment and prevention

The surest way to protect your baby’s body from allergies is to eliminate any contact with allergens. This means that all potentially dangerous foods must be completely excluded from the child’s (or mother’s) diet. Antihistamines are also used to stop the development of allergies, relieve spasms of the respiratory tract, and eliminate swelling. In most cases, allergies are a temporary phenomenon that goes away as the child grows, although some children carry this problem with them into adulthood.

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Allergy is a defensive reaction to various irritants. These can be food products, cosmetics, dust and much more. For some people they are familiar things, for others they are allergens. Diseases are often transmitted genetically. Therefore, children whose parents suffer from an allergic reaction are more prone to developing an allergic reaction. Moreover, a newborn may be allergic to a completely different pathogen, different from the parent.

Moms and dads should be attentive to their infants. It is important to identify the disease in time, distinguish the allergen and begin treatment. Today, an allergic reaction occurs in 30% of young children worldwide.

Factors that cause allergies

The factor that can cause a negative reaction in a child varies. The most common option is food allergies. Moreover, the products can be consumed by both the baby and the mother. Do not forget that along with milk, every element of food that the nursing mother ate enters the baby’s body. Therefore, it is important to monitor your diet while breastfeeding.

The following are the causes of allergies:

• Abuse of allergenic foods by a nursing mother (citrus fruits, chocolate and other sweets, baked goods, eggs, etc.). Recommended menu for breastfeeding in the section;
• Cow protein and early transfer of an infant to artificial feeding with cow's milk, infant formula or kefir. When and how to introduce complementary foods, read the article “”;
• Heredity;
• Medicines used by mother or baby;
• Adverse environmental influences;
• Viruses, vaccines and vaccinations;
• Products introduced into complementary foods. What can and cannot be given to an infant, read;
• Cosmetics and household chemicals (creams and powders for children, soap and washing powder);
• Household allergens (animal hair and plant pollen, house dust and feather pillows).

Many children suffer from an allergic reaction in the first weeks of life. So, in the first 20 days after birth, the child develops a skin rash. The reason for this phenomenon may be the mother’s hormones, which the baby receives in the womb. The body adapts to new conditions, resulting in the formation of small red spots on the face and neck. This rash goes away on its own within three to four weeks.

Typical allergy symptoms, in addition to rashes, include redness, roughness and dryness of some areas of the skin. Additional symptoms are also identified, including green stool, coughing and sneezing, runny nose and severe itching. Let's take a closer look at what allergies look like in infants.

How does an allergy manifest?

Allergies manifest themselves in different ways. This depends on the type of allergen and the individual developmental characteristics of the child. Depending on the type of reaction, the symptoms of the disease are distinguished. The following types of allergies are distinguished:

• Atopic types affect the skin, eyes and nasal cavity, sometimes the lungs. This category includes dermatitis, urticaria, various edema and allergic lung diseases (asthma, pneumonitis, etc.). Children with such problems may have uneven weight gain and increased persistent diaper rash;
• Infectious species appear due to bacteria and fungi. Typical symptoms include skin manifestations, runny and congested nose, cough and watery eyes, swelling and malaise, and in arthritis, joint pain and fever in the affected areas.

There are other options for what allergies look like in infants. After all, each child has an individual reaction. In a baby, negative manifestations can occur not only in the respiratory system and on the skin. The reaction can also manifest itself in the intestines. These are bloating and abdominal pain, diarrhea and other problems with stool, regurgitation and vomiting. In this case, problems arise in weight gain.

Please note that red cheeks do not always indicate an allergy. Red cheeks are typical symptoms of diathesis, which is a borderline state between an allergic disease and a healthy state. As a rule, diathesis occurs due to the consumption of certain foods.

When does the allergy go away?

Rashes and redness of the skin begin 1-1.5 hours after interaction with the allergen. Food allergies from the intestines appear within two days. That is why, when introducing a new product into the diet, nursing mothers are advised to monitor the newborn’s reaction for two days.

How long a baby’s allergy lasts depends on several factors. First of all, this is contact with the allergen and the types of reaction. If you eliminate the pathogen immediately, the reaction will go away within a few hours. But it is not possible to quickly eliminate a reaction to food, since it takes time for digestion, complete elimination of the product from the body and subsequent rehabilitation. Allergy symptoms after eliminating the pathogen from the menu during breastfeeding will last for another two to three weeks. The time depends on the amount of food taken.

The duration is also influenced by the effectiveness and efficiency of treatment, the state of immunity. The stronger the immune system in children, the faster the body will cope with the disease.

How to help your baby

When a child experiences an allergic reaction, parents immediately wonder what to do and how to treat it. The skin rash that appears in the first weeks due to the mother's hormones will go away on its own. In this case, treatment is not necessary. Do not remove or treat red spots with cotton swabs! This will cause the spots to spread throughout the skin throughout the body.

If the allergy is not caused by hormones, then treatment should begin with a diet. Eliminate allergenic foods from your diet. You should not take various medications and medications for children, as self-medication can only worsen the child’s condition! To determine the type of allergy, consult your doctor. Only a specialist can prescribe the correct treatment!

How to help your child with allergies:

• A hypoallergenic diet, which doctors advise every mother to use in the first 1-1.5 months of lactation. Such nutrition will reduce the risk of an allergic reaction and help cope with an already existing illness. Read about the principles of nutrition for a hypoallergenic diet at the link /;
• Cow protein is often the cause of food allergies. Eliminate such foods from your diet, especially cow's milk. The famous pediatrician Komarovsky does not recommend drinking until 4-6 months after the birth of the child;
• Keep your house perfectly clean. Remember that dust is a strong allergen that can cause various diseases and complications. If you have allergies, you may have to remove soft toys, carpets and fur bedspreads from the room, which collect large amounts of dust;
• Wash items at high temperature with hypoallergenic soap or powder and rinse thoroughly. Linen is washed at least twice a week. Choose blankets and pillows with hypoallergenic synthetic filling. Often, allergies in a newborn appear due to feather bedding;
• With artificial or mixed feeding, an allergy in a newborn may be due to an incorrectly selected milk formula. If you have a negative reaction, use hypoallergenic products without cow's protein. How to choose the right mixture, read the article “”.

If you have allergies and your baby, do not stop breastfeeding under any circumstances! After all, it is breast milk that forms and strengthens the immune system, which can quickly fight allergic reactions. Only mother’s milk fully saturates children’s bodies with essential vitamins and beneficial elements.

Remember that allergies are a disease. Therefore, if you notice symptoms, consult a doctor immediately. He will prescribe tests that will help identify the allergen. After excluding the pathogen, the symptoms of the disease decrease and gradually disappear.

It is strictly forbidden to start self-treatment and use medications! Only a specialist will correctly select medications that will quickly cope with the disease and will not harm the infant. There are various products for children.

Allergy remedies for infants

(20 pieces) Fenistil drops Relieves itching and burning, eliminates lacrimation, eliminates allergy symptoms, but causes drowsiness From 1 month, course - up to three weeks 360-400 rubles

(20 ml) Zyrtec drops (Cetirizine) Has antihistamine and anti-inflammatory effects, but has a number of side effects, including nausea, insomnia and excitability, From 6 months 200 rubles

(7 pieces of 10 mg each) Fenistil-gel Applied to the skin, but not suitable for large, inflamed or affected areas of the skin From 1 month 380 rubles (100 g) Enterosgel Paste for oral administration. Removes toxins from the body, relieves allergy symptoms and strengthens intestinal walls. Any age category 350 rubles (100 g)

Prohibited drugs for newborns

There are a number of strong drugs that quickly relieve negative symptoms and are quickly eliminated from the body. However, they pose a serious risk for infants and young children. Such drugs include:

These drugs are addictive and have serious side effects for children. They disrupt the functioning of nerve cells and coordination in movements, causing lethargy and dizziness, lethargy and apathy. May lead to poisoning.

Seven ways to avoid allergies

Everyone knows that prevention is better than cure. Start preventing allergies from the very birth of your child. The following steps will help you avoid getting sick:

1. Hypoallergenic diet during the first month of breastfeeding;
2. In the second month after the baby is born, gradually begin to introduce new foods and carefully monitor the baby’s well-being for two days. If a negative reaction occurs, delay administration for at least four weeks;
3. Follow the nutritional guidelines of a nursing mother. Drink more fluids, do not eat foods with preservatives and other chemicals. In the first months, avoid brightly colored fruits and vegetables. Introduce raw fruits no earlier than 4-5 months. Eat boiled and baked foods. Avoid too fatty and sweet, salty and fried foods.
4. Continue breastfeeding for as long as possible. Remember that breast milk is the best prevention of diseases in young children;
5. Maintain a hypoallergenic lifestyle, which includes daily wet cleaning, the absence of animals and flowers, the use of hypoallergenic hygiene products, household items (powders, etc.) and natural materials (clothing, bedding, etc.);
6. Do not take medications or give medications to your baby unless absolutely necessary and without consulting a doctor;
7. Lead a healthy lifestyle with your baby. Do gymnastics for children and walk in the fresh air more often. It will strengthen the body, strengthen the immune system, and help avoid diseases and infections.

A nursing mother should not forget about her own health. Proper nutrition, exercise, and a healthy lifestyle will have a positive impact on the baby’s well-being.

Allergic diseases are an unusual response of the immune system to contact with some substance. This substance is called an allergen. Pathological reactions are observed if the baby comes into contact with an element to which hypersensitivity has already formed. Unfortunately, allergies are quite common ailments among children. Most often, food forms are diagnosed, which manifest themselves as immediate or delayed reactions. Due to the importance of this topic, we will talk about when and how allergies manifest in a child, what to do if an allergy starts, how to treat.

When does an allergy make itself known and what is its cause?

The very first symptoms of food allergies in childhood make themselves felt in the first year of a baby’s life. But with timely treatment, they usually disappear before the child reaches three years of age. However, especially allergenic foods, for example, citrus fruits, chocolate or nuts, can cause pathological reactions throughout life.

There are other substances that can trigger allergies. Indoor dust, pollen from some plants, and particles of skin and pet hair are considered to be quite aggressive. Children often inherit a predisposition to allergic reactions from relatives.

Doctors say that the presence of allergies in parents increases the likelihood of a child developing it several times. At the same time, different family members can produce a pathological reaction to completely different pathogens. In severe cases, allergies degenerate into asthma or allergic rhinitis. To prevent such complications, you should consult a doctor in a timely manner and treat the disease.

Allergen identification

When allergy symptoms appear, it is worth identifying the cause, or rather the causative agent of such a reaction. For this purpose, it is recommended to seek help from a qualified allergist. Today, medical science offers several different methods to determine the allergen. Food aggressors are determined quite simply, by systematically eliminating all possible pathogens from the diet. After all the unpleasant symptoms have passed, they are gradually introduced into the baby’s menu, carefully monitoring the child’s reaction to each product.

Doctors say that manifestations of allergies allow us to draw conclusions about which particles provoked such reactions in the body.

If a skin rash and itching appears, we can conclude that the allergy is most likely caused by household allergens. Accordingly, you should calculate what aggressive substance the baby touched. This could be pet hair, poisonous plants, cosmetics or household chemicals. Increased gas production and loose stools, which may be accompanied by some nausea and pain in the abdominal area, indicate contact with the allergen through the digestive tract. Parents should carefully remember all the foods and drinks consumed by the baby over the past twenty-four hours, or even two days.

When unpleasant symptoms affect most of the eyes, expressed in redness, itching, lacrimation and increased swelling, it is worth looking for the allergen among plant substances, namely pollen. Also, such manifestations may indicate an allergy to dust.

If a child develops a cough, he complains of a sore throat, perhaps this is an allergic reaction that has arisen in the nasopharynx and bronchi in response to animal villi, dust and pollen particles, as well as spores.

Further actions

After identifying the allergen, parents need to take all possible measures to prevent the baby from coming into contact with this substance. For example, if you are hypersensitive to pollen, you should avoid walking in the spring, during the flowering period of plants. In this case, it is necessary to place an ionizer or air purifier in the house. However, the best option would be to survive the period of flowering of allergenic plants somewhere in a different climate zone, where the air does not contain particles of dangerous pollen.

If you are allergic to certain foods, you should avoid eating them. It is necessary to inform kindergarten and school doctors about allergies; if possible, they should organize separate meals for the child. If your baby is hypersensitive to household dust, you should wet clean the house every day, avoid carpets and use hypoallergenic textiles.

Treatment

Having eliminated contact with aggressive substances, it is necessary to provide the baby with an exclusively hypoallergenic diet. You need to remove chocolate, spices, citrus fruits, smoked foods, as well as tea and coffee from the daily menu.

Traditional medicine advises treating the external manifestations of the disease using rubdowns, so to eliminate itching and irritation, you can use a decoction based on nettle leaves, as well as an infusion from the string. Nettle can also be consumed internally, as well as an infusion of celery roots.

If there is no proper effect from herbal medicine, the doctor will select antihistamines that are suitable for this particular case. Children over three years of age are also treated with ASIT therapy, trying to develop tolerance to the allergen by introducing tiny doses of an aggressive substance into the body.

If your child develops allergy symptoms, you should consult a doctor, he will help you develop further treatment tactics.

Food allergies in a child are a fairly common problem that many parents face. An allergic reaction can occur to almost any product, so it is very important to know the main symptoms, treatment methods and methods of preventing this disease.

Food allergies in children and their causes

An allergic reaction usually develops as a result of consuming a particular product. This phenomenon is associated with the excessive sensitivity of the body, which considers a certain substance dangerous, as a result of which special antibodies and immunoglobulins are released. The causes of allergies are not always known, but there is a hereditary tendency to such diseases.

Food allergies: photos and main symptoms

An allergic reaction is accompanied by a number of very characteristic symptoms:

1. The most characteristic symptom is a skin rash. Rashes, red spots, sometimes even pustules and ulcers appear on the child’s body. Quite often, the rash appears on the face and skin of the abdomen. As a rule, the skin reaction is accompanied by severe itching.
2. Food allergies can also cause digestive system disorders. Children quite often suffer from bloating, nausea, belching, and vomiting. Sometimes diarrhea and abdominal pain are observed.
3. Another manifestation of food allergies is swelling. By the way, this symptom is dangerous, especially if there is severe swelling of the mucous membranes, skin and eyelids - this may signal the onset of anaphylactic shock, in which the child simply needs emergency medical care.

Food allergies in a child: the most dangerous foods

As already mentioned, an allergic reaction can develop to any product. Nevertheless, several of the most dangerous allergens have been identified:

1. Cow's milk is probably the most common allergen, especially among children under one year of age. The problem is that almost all artificial formulas contain cow's milk protein. Therefore, for such a baby you need to choose food very carefully.
2. Citrus fruits, red fruits and berries, carrots, grapes, kiwi.
3. Chicken eggs, especially the yolks.
4. Fish and seafood.
5. Legumes, including peas, lentils, soybeans.
6. Nuts.
7. Chocolate.

It is worth considering that it is not only what the baby eats that matters here. If a child is breastfed, then allergens enter his body along with mother's milk. Therefore, nursing mothers are required to follow a proper - hypoallergenic - diet.

Food allergy in a child: diagnosis

As a rule, after examination and familiarization with the symptoms, the doctor may suspect the presence of a food allergy. A blood test is prescribed, which will show an increased amount of immunoglobulin E. If it is not known which products lead to the development of the reaction, then it is necessary to carry out skin tests: concentrated and purified solutions of potential allergens are applied to the skin, and then a reaction is expected.

Food allergies in children: treatment and prevention

The surest way to protect your baby’s body from allergies is to eliminate any contact with allergens. This means that all potentially dangerous foods must be completely excluded from the child’s (or mother’s) diet. Antihistamines are also used to stop the development of allergies, relieve spasms of the respiratory tract, and eliminate swelling. In most cases, allergies are a temporary phenomenon that goes away as the child grows, although some children carry this problem with them into adulthood.

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Types of allergies in children

• Allergy to dust. To be precise, allergies are observed not to the dust itself, but, most often, to dust mites - saprophytes and their metabolic products. Less commonly, this is a reaction to substances contained in dust - plant pollen, mold spores, particles of fluff, hair, wood, etc.
• Allergy to animals. It is not caused by pet hair, as many of us believe, but by proteins contained in the skin and saliva of cats, dogs and other animals. Therefore, even if you get a Sphynx cat, you cannot guarantee that your child will not develop allergies.
• Food allergies. Perhaps the most difficult to recognize allergy in a child, since almost any product or additives to it (sugar, spices, salt and even prebiotics) can act as a causative agent. Most often, intolerance to cow's milk and other protein products (fish, seafood, eggs, nuts) is observed.
• Pollen allergy. Hay fever is a reaction to the flowering of grasses and trees. The body perceives pollen proteins as aggressive and begins to defend itself through a runny nose, sneezing, increased lacrimation... Usually, hay fever continues during the period of active flowering, then the allergy subsides until the next season.


• Allergies to medications and other chemicals. Not everything that can be easily tolerated by an adult’s body can be easily tolerated by a fragile child’s immune system. Much more often, children and adolescents experience a defensive reaction after taking certain medications or using synthetic hygiene products and cosmetics. Do not confuse allergies with side effects - they will not go away after stopping the medication.
• You can also identify allergies to insect bites, cold, and certain types of vitamins. But these are much less common types.

Causes of the disease

What causes allergies in children? Is it genetically transmitted or is it an acquired disease?

There is an opinion that allergies are congenital. But it is not so. If one of the parents has any type of allergic reaction, then there is a 30% chance that the child will also have it. Accordingly, if both parents are “allergic”, then the baby will be 60% predisposed to the same.

The diet of the expectant mother during pregnancy and breastfeeding also influences the likelihood of allergic reactions in the body. During this period, women should not eat “aggressive” foods - smoked meats, citrus fruits, a lot of chocolate, nuts, exotic fruits.

Allergies in infants are also common. Its reason is early refusal of breastfeeding or its complete absence - the baby’s immunity simply does not receive the protective substances it needs from mother’s milk. If for one reason or another it is not possible to feed your baby breast milk, choose hypoallergenic formula.

At the age when the child has already begun to eat solid food, do not overuse the same sweets, fruits, smoked sausages and meat, seafood, and oranges. These products can lead to an immune reaction to the overly “active” substances contained in them. Food allergies in children are usually observed in infants and children under 2 years of age, but can persist for life, so be attentive to your diet and that of your child. When the first symptoms appear, it is better to immediately contact a pediatric allergist.

Symptoms

How do allergies manifest in children? Determining the external manifestations of this disease is not as difficult as recognizing its type: in many cases, the body’s reaction to various stimuli is similar.

• Atopic dermatitis or diathesis. It manifests itself as a noticeable rash that begins in infancy and often persists into adulthood. May be combined with allergic rhinitis and urticaria.
• Allergic rhinitis or "hay fever". Long-term inflammation of the nasal mucosa, causing runny nose, sneezing, and difficulty breathing. May be seasonal. Most often observed with allergies to pollen and household dust. If left untreated, it can lead to Quincke's edema.


• Hives. Skin rashes resembling insect bites or nettle stings. They are often accompanied by severe itching, which can lead to scratching. Most often found in food and contact allergies.
• Conjunctivitis. Allergic conjunctivitis manifests itself in swelling and itching of the upper and lower eyelids, excessive lacrimation, photophobia, and a feeling of “sand” in the eyes. Both seasonal manifestations of pollen allergies and year-round manifestations can occur - in a reaction, for example, to animals.
• Bronchial asthma. It manifests itself in difficulty breathing, attacks of suffocation, and debilitating cough. The child breathes with difficulty, as the airways are greatly narrowed. You can often hear wheezing and whistling even from a distance. If you do not see a doctor in time, the disease can become severe.

As mentioned above, if you suspect allergy symptoms in a child, you should immediately consult a doctor. Even if the diagnosis is not confirmed, such concern will not be unnecessary. It is always better to take preventive measures than to bring a child with an already advanced form of allergy to the clinic.

Complications

In the absence of treatment or clarification of the causes of allergies, a child may experience various complications during the course of the disease.

and chronic rhinitis, a child may complain of persistent headaches, which reduces the child’s attention, memory and mental activity. Hives and dermatitis can lead to severe scratching and, as a result, scarring or even infection. With conjunctivitis and rhinitis, Quincke's edema may occur. The most serious consequences may be anaphylactic shock or asphyxia in bronchial asthma.

However, you should not think that complications can be overcome with self-medication or that “everything will go away with age.” You definitely need to contact a specialist! They will help to find out what caused the allergy, which will help isolate the child from repeated contact with the allergen.

Diagnostics

To diagnose an allergy and identify the substances that provoke it, you need to seek advice from a specialist allergist-immunologist, who will take an anamnesis and prescribe the necessary tests. First, the doctor examines the child, clarifies the peculiarities of his diet, the presence of contacts with animals - in a word, he finds out all the factors that can cause a negative reaction in the body.

To definitively confirm the presence of allergies and clarify its causes, two main diagnostic methods are used:

• skin allergy tests;
• immunological blood tests.

Skin allergy tests are taken as follows: the allergen is introduced into the blood or applied to a small scratch on the inside of the forearm, then the doctor monitors the child’s body’s reaction to this substance and records external changes. Such a study is not prescribed for children under 5 years of age, for infectious diseases, severe conditions, during periods of exacerbation of allergies and chronic diseases, as well as after taking a number of medications. The undoubted advantage of the method is its low price.

Blood tests look like a regular blood draw followed by studying its reaction to allergens. Compared to skin tests, this method has a number of significant advantages:

• ease of conducting research - taking blood from a baby is much easier than making him endure scratches from the doctor and wait for the tests to work;
• no risk for the child - there is no contact of substances with the skin, which means there is no risk of an allergic reaction, including its severe forms;
• there are almost no contraindications for health reasons, such as exacerbation of diseases, taking pills;
• obtaining results about the main and additional allergens;
• It is not necessary to limit the number of substances tested - you can analyze hundreds of different substances at once.

The disadvantages include higher cost.

In general, for mass testing for dozens of allergens, a blood test is the best choice. If the substances that cause the body’s reaction are approximately known and their range is small, and the child has no contraindications, you can limit yourself to skin allergy tests.

Treatment of allergies in children

How to help a child with allergies? Only a doctor can give you the answer to this question. Only after receiving the diagnostic results will the specialist tell you what type of allergen caused the reaction and prescribe treatment.

The most common method of getting rid of allergies is taking second-generation antihistamines, such as Terfenadine, Claritin, Zyrtec, Kestin. Compared to the first generation, they have a number of advantages: fewer contraindications, do not cause drowsiness, longer duration of exposure, and others.

Homeopathy If you have a good specialist, it can also be a very effective treatment option: when taking the prescribed medications, the child’s body gradually gets rid of the reaction to the allergen. This process is usually very lengthy, but irreplaceable in cases where it is impossible to completely eliminate the allergen from the child’s life.

After identifying an allergy, you will have to reconsider both the child’s lifestyle and diet: potentially dangerous foods such as citrus fruits, honey, chips, some juices, etc. should be excluded. If you have hay fever, you will also have to track the flowering seasons of plants in order to take measures in advance and start taking medications. Try to avoid your child’s contact with pollen - limit walks during flowering periods, choose daytime (before 17 pm) to go outside. And of course, carefully read the labels of all products and, as soon as possible, teach your child to independently monitor the composition of food. Always keep medications on hand to suppress acute allergy attacks.

Prevention

If a child has a predisposition to allergic reactions, a number of rules should be followed:

• continue breastfeeding as long as possible;
• minimize the number of possible allergens in the child’s diet;
• make closed bookshelves and wardrobes;
• carry out wet cleaning more often, use air purifiers;
• do not smoke in the room where the child is;
• limit your child’s contact with animals;
• the child’s bedding and clothing must be made of non-allergenic materials;
• use only special household chemicals and washing powders;
• regularly carry out antifungal treatment of the apartment.

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Causes of allergies in children

The term allergy was first used in pediatrics at the dawn of the twentieth century and has long been associated with dysfunction of immunoglobulins. Modern medical science identifies five types of hypersensitive reactions - which is typical, scientists in the distant 1900s were right and it was the main first type that received the corresponding name, as well as the basic etymology of the malfunction of antibodies E and IgG.

From the mid-twentieth century to the present day, there has been a rapid increase in the number of cases of allergies in children of any age, especially in developed and developing countries. As global studies have shown, the main contribution to it is made by careful hygiene. Its extremely careful observance prevents the body from coming into contact with most antibodies, which significantly reduces the normal load of the immune system. It is noteworthy that in third world countries suffering from massive bacterial/viral infections, there are practically no problems with autoimmune and immunological diseases - this is rationally explained by the low level of general hygiene among the majority of the local population.

Another important factor that provokes allergies is considered to be the active consumption of chemical products, which can act as individual allergens and create the basis for disruption of the nervous/endocrine system, which leads to various allergic manifestations.

Allergy symptoms in children

Allergic manifestations in children are more vivid and severe than in adults.

Classic symptoms include:

1. Swelling of the nasal mucosa.
2. Redness of the eyes and accompanying conjunctivitis.
3. A variety of skin rashes with itching in the abdomen, groin, elbows - from dermatitis to urticaria and eczema.
4. Breathing problems - shortness of breath, spasms, up to an asthmatic state.
5. Headache.

In more rare cases, with the strongest possible immune response to the allergen, a small patient may quickly develop acute coronary syndrome, hypotension, extensive edema, up to anaphylactic shock and, in some cases, death.

How does it manifest?

The most typical manifestations for a child include:

1. Allergy on the face of a child. Severe runny nose, severe redness of the eyes, facial rash.
2. Skin allergies in a child. Swelling and rashes throughout the body, mainly on the elbows and in the groin, inflammation of the lymphatic system.
3. Respiratory allergies. Often exhibits symptoms of true asthma.

Types of allergies in children

Below are the main types of allergies found in modern children.

Allergy to animal fur

Fluffy dogs and cats, especially during the shedding period, spread particles of their fur throughout the house, which can provoke allergic reactions in your child.

Food allergies

Medicine has long proven that a number of products can cause an inadequate immune response in a child. Food allergies in children can be to vegetables/fruits of certain colors/compositions, cereals, eggs, etc. and are usually determined in the first 3–4 years of life.

Allergy to cow's milk

Children's allergies to the protein present in whole milk deserve special attention. Such an allergic problem with intolerance to this product in the modern era is observed in children of all ages, including infants/infants.

Allergy to cold

A significant decrease in temperature can trigger an allergic reaction. Wind, frost and even slight cold are a negative thermal catalyst for the immune system if everything is not in order.

Nerve allergies

Moral/biological negative factors - strong anxiety, stress, fears and worries - can provoke the formation and development of allergies, especially in the transitional/adolescent period.

Allergy to dust/pollen

Household dust and pollen easily penetrate the lungs and can cause allergies even in relatively healthy children who have not previously had such problems.

Allergy to medications

Almost any serious medicine in the list of side effects has the item “allergic manifestations” - from a banal rash to Quincke’s edema and even anaphylactic shock. It is noteworthy that even antihistamines, i.e. Antiallergic drugs in rare cases can provoke an allergic attack.

Allergy to insects

Another common type of hypersensitivity is insect allergy. Cockroaches, arachnids, micromites, stinging and blood-sucking creatures are a clear danger for a future allergy sufferer.

Allergy to microorganisms

Antigens from helminths and fungi can strongly stimulate the immune system, which gives an inadequate response to these potential allergens.

Allergies in an infant

Allergies in an infant are the most dangerous and unpredictable. It appears in the first days, weeks or months of life, often leads to anaphylactic shock in the absence of necessary therapy and in the vast majority of cases is caused either by milk protein during artificial/breastfeeding, or by certain types of drugs used in case of necessary treatment of the baby’s underlying disease. At the slightest suspicion of such a manifestation, you should contact your pediatrician!

Diagnostics

The basic set of diagnostic measures for allergies is aimed at first searching for the group to which the allergen belongs, and then for a specific component that causes an inadequate immune response with the aim of subsequently eliminating it from the life of a small patient. In modern Russia and post-Soviet countries, the most common method is skin testing. It consists of injecting potential allergens under the skin using scarification and waiting for a possible inflammatory reaction of the epidermis.

In some cases, skin tests give a negative result - an alternative method of determination is then to assess the level of lgE in the blood serum. A radiometric or colorimetric immunoassay allows one to diagnose a general possible group of allergens, after which a repeated detailed test identifies the specific component that causes the rapid release of histamine and inflammatory mediators. Therefore, at the slightest suspicion of an allergy, it is necessary to take the so-called “pediatric panel”.

Allergy treatment

Despite the fact that the pathological problem has been known since the beginning of the twentieth century, unfortunately, there is no guaranteed treatment that would permanently and surely save a child from allergies. The main method of combating allergies is the most complete elimination of a reliably confirmed allergen from the patient’s life. This may be refusal to eat foods (food form of the disease), filtering the air in rooms where the child is constantly (allergy to dust/pollen), carefully choosing a seasonal wardrobe (allergy to cold), etc.

Conservative drug therapy consists of eliminating the acute symptoms of the problem with the help of neurotransmitter and histamine blockers - adrenaline, antihistamines, cortisone, theophylline. As innovative experimental treatment methods, the most promising are dosed incremental immunotherapy with histamines, thanks to which the body can adapt resistance to antigens and reduce allergic manifestations in the medium term, as well as regular injections of antibodies to IgE, which prevent the development of allergic reactions over a long period of time.

Treatment with folk remedies

Despite the fact that traditional medicine over the centuries of its existence has accumulated hundreds of recipes against allergies of various manifestations, they must be used very carefully for a child - most herbs and components themselves can act as strong allergens and even aggravate the patient’s condition. Before using any of the recipes, be sure to consult with your pediatrician and allergist!

1. Drinking celery juice helps with pollen allergies. You need to take 10–15 bunches of this plant, pass them through a juicer and mix the resulting liquid with four teaspoons of sugar, then consume two tablespoons. spoons three times a day half an hour before meals for two weeks.
2. If you are allergic to dust, prepare the following recipe: five tbsp. spoons of centaury, three tbsp. spoons of dandelion roots, two tbsp. spoons of rose hips and horsetail, as well as one tbsp. Pass a spoonful of corn silk through a meat grinder, mixing the ingredients. Four tbsp. pour spoons of the mixture with 300 milliliters of water at room temperature and let it brew for a day, then put it on the fire and bring to a boil, turning off the broth and cooling it for six hours under a blanket. Store the resulting liquid in the refrigerator, covered, and drink a third of a glass 3 times a day before meals for six months.
3. General treatment of allergies in children using herbs. Take string, licorice and valerian roots, chamomile, oregano, and nettle in equal proportions. Pour one tablespoon of the crushed mixture with 300 milliliters of boiling water and leave in a water bath for 10 minutes. Strain the broth, let it cool for an hour, use one teaspoon three times a day for a month.

Diet for allergies in a child

There is no specific universal diet for any manifestations. The main measures to correct the diet are aimed primarily at eliminating from the daily diet foods that may contain a potential allergen. In the vast majority of cases, restrictions on individual dishes are used in the case of food allergies, although they can also be used for other types of hypersensitivity.

As medical practice shows, 9 out of 10 allergens in food allergies include milk, eggs, cocoa, legumes, nuts, honey, cereals and fish products. According to recent studies, canned and semi-finished products, as well as smoked products, store-bought sauces and other “goodies” containing a large number of flavorings and taste improvers can cause negative manifestations.

If you are allergic to pollen, nutritionists advise you to limit the consumption of honey, nuts, wheat bread, and seeds. In case of negative manifestations when using medications (in particular, aspirin), it is advisable to avoid fruits containing salicylic acid derivatives - apricots, oranges, cherries, raspberries, strawberries.

In case of an allergy to wool, some experts recommend consuming less red meat, and if the allergen is mites, daphnia or insects, exclude from the diet dishes based on products with a chitinous shell (shrimp, lobsters, crabs).

If hay fever is a concomitant problem, you should be careful with dill/parsley, melon, watermelon, citrus fruits and spices. Is milk protein the cause of allergies? Then not only it is contraindicated for you, but also products based on it - cheeses, cream, sour milk, ice cream, etc.

General recommendations include limiting consumption of bright orange/red fruits/vegetables, bananas, kiwis, mangoes and pineapples. In addition, you should drink mostly pure or still mineral water, avoiding alcohol, kvass, coffee, and fruit drinks.

Prevention

There is no specific allergy prevention. General recommendations include eliminating a potential group of allergens from the life of a small patient, a balanced diet, regular walks in the fresh air, ventilation and purification of indoor air using filters, physical exercise, minimizing the use of household chemicals, moving to a favorable climate zone.

1. If regular allergic reactions occur, it is advisable to immediately consult a specialized doctor - the causes of the problem can be either environmental factors or a serious illness that will subsequently affect other body systems. A set of diagnostic measures will help to accurately identify the allergen, which in turn will allow you to adjust your diet/life activities in order to reduce the unpleasant manifestations of hypersensitivity to a minimum.
2. Do not get carried away with antihistamines - they only temporarily relieve symptoms, while long-term use can cause a number of health problems. The use of this type of medication is justified only during periods of severe attacks and exacerbations under the supervision of your allergist.
3. You should know that miracle drugs against allergies that could permanently rid a person of this problem simply do not exist. There are experimental methods of immunotherapy that can reduce and in the medium term relieve the patient of hypersensitivity, but this process is quite lengthy, expensive and is not widely used in clinical practice. The most important factor in therapy under any circumstances is still the elimination of contact between the allergen and the patient - do not believe annoying advertising and try to adhere to the recommendations of your doctor.

Useful video

Food allergies - School of Dr. Komarovsky

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Allergies in children under 1 year of age are quite common. So, according to statistics, 4 out of 10 children at this age suffer from various allergic reactions. This is due to the immaturity of the digestive system, namely, extremely high permeability of the intestinal walls and insufficient production of specific enzymes of the digestive system. These factors and the characteristics of the infant’s immune system create conditions for the penetration of all kinds of allergens into the baby’s body.

The risk group for the development of allergic reactions includes children with a burdened hereditary history (if parents suffer from allergies, then the likelihood of its occurrence in the child increases), children with impaired formation of intestinal microflora (dysbacteriosis), and children living in an environmentally unfavorable environment.

Causes of allergies in children

Most often, food allergies occur in infants. In breastfed children, it occurs as a reaction to an allergen included in the food of a nursing mother, or during the period of introduction of complementary feeding products, when the child begins to receive new, previously unknown products.

In addition, an allergy in an infant can occur as a reaction to contact with household chemicals (washing powder, soap, hygiene products, fabric softeners, etc.) or as a reaction to medications (taking antibiotics by the mother or baby, taking medications in the form of syrup (since they contain flavorings, dyes and sugars), use of multivitamin preparations).

How do allergies manifest in children?

The main manifestation of allergies in children is a pinpoint rash (up to 5 mm in diameter), which can be localized on any part of the body, but most often occurs on the cheeks, forearms, buttocks, and abdomen. Red spots can merge, forming irregularly shaped lesions, and are accompanied by severe itching. It is because of itching that the child becomes restless, capricious, eats poorly, and sleeps poorly.

Allergies are also characterized by dry and flaky skin, dry crusts on the scalp.

Often, an allergic rash is accompanied by sneezing, swelling of the nasal mucosa, conjunctivitis, as well as disorders of the gastrointestinal tract: regurgitation, colic, flatulence (increased gas production), stool disorders (constipation or tendency to diarrhea). The intensity of an allergic reaction in a child does not depend on the amount (dose) of the allergen entering the body.

An allergic reaction in a child can occur immediately after contact with the allergen or appear after several hours.

What can be confused with manifestations of allergies in a child?

Often, young mothers may mistake prickly heat or diaper dermatitis for an allergic reaction in a child.

Miliaria occurs as a reaction of a child’s skin to overheating. The prickly heat rash is localized in the natural folds of the skin (in the armpits, in the groin folds, on the neck) and never appears on the face.

Diaper dermatitis is caused by prolonged skin contact with wet fabric. Redness, blisters, and peeling appear on the baby's skin in the diaper area.

It is important to remember that not only allergic reactions in children are accompanied by a rash. The cause of skin rashes can be various infectious diseases (measles, rubella, chicken pox, scarlet fever, etc.). In these cases, signs of intoxication appear (weakness, lethargy, drowsiness, loss of appetite) and body temperature rises.

What to do if your child has allergies?

The main task in treating allergies in a child is to search for and exclude possible allergens.

The occurrence of an allergic reaction in a child is not an indication for stopping breastfeeding. Breast milk cannot cause allergies in a baby. On the contrary, it contains a lot of immunoglobulins A, which protect the intestinal mucosa from allergen molecules, and human milk proteins are completely devoid of allergic properties and are easily broken down by baby enzymes. Since an allergic reaction in a baby is most often provoked by foods rich in allergens that a nursing mother eats, she needs to correct her diet.

First of all, foods that have high allergenic properties should be excluded from the diet of a nursing mother: eggs, fish, seafood, citrus fruits, cow's milk, meat broths, strawberries, kiwi raspberries, wild strawberries, pineapples, honey, nuts, chocolate, cocoa, mushrooms, tomatoes, carrots, wheat, rye - and limit the consumption of foods with moderate allergenic properties: chicken, beef, potatoes, peaches, apricots, cherries, rose hips, cranberries, bananas, black currants, beets.

It is important to remember that any diet of a nursing mother must be balanced: foods that are excluded from her diet are replaced with equivalent nutritional value from a low-allergenic group of foods (fermented milk products, rabbit meat, turkey, zucchini, cauliflower and white cabbage, broccoli, cucumbers , gooseberries, green apples, pears, millet, pearl barley, etc.)

After the mother switches to a hypoallergenic diet, the baby’s condition should improve within three days. If this does not happen, you need to consult a doctor - a pediatrician or an allergist.

To reduce the severity of allergic elements on the skin and reduce itching, it is recommended to bathe the baby daily in water with the addition of a decoction of string or chamomile.

Remember that anti-allergenic drugs and products for external skin treatment cannot be used independently. The dosage of the medicine and the frequency of use should be prescribed by a doctor.

An extremely dangerous manifestation of allergies in a child is considered to be Quincke's edema, which causes attacks of suffocation due to swelling of the larynx. Signs of the development of this reaction are shortness of breath, barking cough, hoarse hoarse voice, and bluish discoloration of the skin. If your baby experiences these symptoms, you must urgently call an ambulance, as this condition is a threat to the baby’s life.

What should you not do if a rash appears?

• use alcohol solutions and anti-allergenic drugs without a doctor’s prescription;
• apply greasy creams or ointments to the rash;
• give the child antibiotics.

• clothes for the baby should be made of natural or cotton fabrics;
• To care for your baby, use only special hypoallergenic baby products (shampoo, bathing foam, cream, etc.);
• For washing children's clothes and clothes, choose baby soap or special children's washing powder. It is also important to rinse baby clothes well after washing. When washing by hand, items are rinsed 2-3 times until the water becomes completely clear; When washing by machine, you must select an additional rinse mode;
• ventilate the premises 3-4 times a day, do wet cleaning daily, get rid of woolen carpets and blankets, flowering and strong-smelling plants.

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Causes of allergies

An allergy is an increased reaction of the immune system to a variety of substances. Signs of an allergic reaction can appear in a variety of areas of the body, last from several minutes to several days and have varying severity. In the same baby, the body’s excessive reaction at different ages manifests itself in its own way. It is quite difficult to predict in advance how the disease will progress in a particular child.

Substances that provoke the development of allergies:

• Food;
• household dust;
• plant pollen;
• insect poison;
• animal hair;
• fabrics and materials;
• medications.

In young children, food allergies most often occur, in which the child cannot eat certain foods. This reaction of the body can be temporary, and after the liver enzyme systems mature, the disease goes away on its own. Products that cause allergies cease to be dangerous for a child after 3-5 years. In some children, intolerance to certain foods can develop into true allergies and last a lifetime.

Young children also often suffer from contact allergies. The cause of an undesirable reaction may be skin care products, synthetic clothing, and bedding. In this case, the disease manifests itself in the form of a small rash on the arms and legs. Rashes may appear throughout the body. After eliminating the source of irritation, the disease goes away on its own.

Use only high-quality cosmetics for child care.

At an older age, children are more likely to suffer from allergies to household dust and animal hair. Some foods may also cause an unwanted reaction. In preschool age, hay fever may occur - a seasonal allergic reaction to plant pollen. Often this form of the disease develops into bronchial asthma.

Symptoms and complications

How to identify allergies in a baby? First of all, you should focus on the typical symptoms of allergies in children:

• red rash on the skin (on the arms, legs, face, or all over the body);
• swelling and redness of the skin;
• itching and dry skin;
• frequent sneezing;
• nasal congestion;
• labored breathing;
• lacrimation;
• tingling and numbness in the mouth;
• loose stool.

What to do if your baby has at least one of the signs of an allergic reaction? The first step is to try to identify the cause of the disease. Perhaps these are new products introduced into the child’s diet quite recently? Skin care products, laundry detergent, a new shampoo - anything can trigger the development of an unwanted reaction. If, after eliminating the potential source of the problem, the allergy goes away within 1-3 days, there is no need to look for another cause of the disease.

With the arrival of spring, many children suffer from seasonal allergies. A typical hay fever patient looks like this:

• red, swollen eyes;
• profuse lacrimation;
• constant sneezing;
• copious light discharge from the nose;
• severe difficulty in nasal breathing.

In temperate climates, hay fever occurs between April and September. At this time, trees, shrubs and field grasses are actively flowering. Most often, hay fever occurs in children who are prone to allergic reactions since childhood. Seasonal allergies go away on their own after the flowering season ends.

What should parents do if their child has allergies? Is it always necessary to treat the baby and can you wait until the allergen is eliminated from the body? Experts say: there is no need to delay treatment.
Any allergy can provoke the development of serious complications:

• anaphylactic shock;
• Quincke's edema;
• generalized urticaria;
• convulsions;
• coma.

In the absence of timely help, a seemingly harmless allergy can cause the death of a child. Do not delay in contacting a doctor when the first symptoms of the disease appear!

Non-drug treatment

Treating allergies is not just about taking medications. The success of therapy largely depends on changes in the child’s lifestyle. Any medications provide only a temporary effect, helping to fight the symptoms, but not the causes of the disease. What needs to be done in order to save the baby from the disease for a long time?

Most often, parents of young children have to deal with reactions to food. Non-drug treatment of food allergies in children is based on the following principles.

Eliminating the source of the problem

What should I do if my baby reacts to chicken, milk, nuts or any other foods? If, after eating oranges, an itchy rash appears on the child’s arms and legs, and a glass of milk provokes diarrhea? This reaction does not look very attractive, and the baby experiences some discomfort. It is especially difficult for teenagers who focus on their appearance. The appearance of a rash on the face, hands, or other exposed areas of the body can cause severe depression and other serious mental disorders.

An elimination diet is the basis for treating food allergies. Foods that cause an undesirable reaction are completely excluded from the child’s diet. The diet for each baby is developed individually. Problems do not arise if parents know exactly which foods provoke allergies in their child. But what to do if the exact cause of the disease is not known?

If an undesirable reaction manifests itself in the form of a rash on the face, arms or legs, accompanied by loss of stool, it should be dealt with using proven methods. Most doctors in this situation recommend a general hypoallergenic diet.

All foods that could potentially cause an exacerbation of the disease are excluded from the child’s diet:

• cereals (wheat, rye, corn, oats);
• vegetables (tomatoes, red peppers);
• fruits (citrus fruits, peaches, apricots, persimmons);
• berries (strawberries, blackberries);
• Fish and seafood;
• eggs;
• nuts;
• milk;
• chocolate and cocoa.

Food allergies manifest themselves in different ways throughout life. In infants, intolerance to certain foods can manifest as acute diarrhea. Allergy on the face of a child in the form of a red itchy rash occurs in both newborns and children in the first three years of life. In older children, a food reaction makes itself felt by the appearance of wet spots in the folds of the skin (on the arms in the elbow pits and on the legs under the knee). Teenagers are more likely to suffer from dry and flaky skin in various parts of the body.

In fact, almost any food can trigger the development of allergies. In young children, the reaction most often occurs to cow's milk protein. In this regard, pediatricians advise avoiding consumption of dairy products and beef in the first years of a child’s life. Instead of beef, you can cook chicken or duck if your baby is not intolerant to these dishes.

Unfortunately, eating chicken instead of beef and veal is not a panacea. Many children also react to poultry. Very often there is a reaction to not only chicken, but also eggs - both in their pure form and as part of various products. In this situation, the baby cannot eat not only chicken, duck and eggs, but also any dishes that contain these components.

Eggs are included in many confectionery products and sweets. Read the product label before giving treats to your child.

Preschool children react not only to chicken and beef, but also to fish. The disease manifests itself as a small rash on the face, arms and legs. Characterized by severe itching and dry skin. Babies in the first year of life often experience stool failure due to errors in diet.

The strongest reaction was observed to nuts. Even a microscopic dose can cause anaphylactic shock. Very often, nut allergies occur in children suffering from hay fever and bronchial asthma.

Allergies to milk and dairy products occur in children in the first years of life. This reaction usually manifests itself as stool loss. It is possible that a rash may appear on the skin, including on the arms and legs, and in skin folds. The disease often resolves spontaneously at the age of 3-4 years.

Comfortable microclimate

Allergies in a child’s arms and legs are not always a consequence of food intolerance or a reaction to some external substance. A similar rash often occurs in teenagers under stress. A dysfunctional atmosphere at home, problems at school, conflicts with peers - all this can provoke an exacerbation of the disease. When the first symptoms of the disease appear, it is necessary to create comfortable conditions for the child and eliminate any sources of stress. Often, a change of environment and relaxation in the company of your closest friends and relatives helps to cope with the problem.

Drug treatment

Allergies in a child can be treated using local and general remedies. The choice of treatment method will depend on the location and severity of the process. Only a doctor should treat allergies in children of any age. Self-administration of medications is not allowed.

Local treatment

Rashes on the arms, legs, or face can be treated with topical medications. In the acute stage, topical corticosteroids in the form of creams or ointments are used. The selected drug is applied in a thin layer to the affected area. The course of therapy is 10-14 days.

The second stage of treatment is caring for allergy-prone skin. For this purpose, special emollient creams are used to protect the skin from aggressive environmental factors. The cream is applied in a thin layer 1-2 times a day. In the evening, you should use the cream immediately after showering. Emollients can be used as a daily treatment for problem skin.

Seasonal allergies can also be treated locally. Pediatricians recommend treating hay fever accompanied by a runny nose with drugs based on cromoglycic acid (cromones). The nasal passages are first cleaned with saline solutions. Cromones are instilled into the nose, 1-2 drops in each nasal passage 2 times a day.

Instead of cromones, you can use topical corticosteroid drops. The effectiveness of hormonal drugs is much higher, and often only steroid drugs can relieve a child from constant sneezing and nasal congestion. Hay fever can also be treated with vasoconstrictors, but not more than 5 days in a row.

Systemic therapy

How to treat a child with severe manifestations of allergies? In case of severe manifestations of the disease, systemic drugs are prescribed. Among all medications, antihistamines have become the most popular. These drugs prevent the development of allergies and eliminate all the main symptoms of the disease. For therapy, medications are usually used in tablets, capsules or syrup form. For the youngest, antihistamines are available in drops.

How to understand that the disease has lost its ground? Recovery is indicated by the disappearance of the skin rash, normal nasal breathing and the absence of lacrimation. In children, you should pay attention to the nature of the stool. If the child looks healthy and happy with life, then the chosen therapy was effective. If the effect of treatment does not occur within 3 days, you should consult a doctor.