Home Smell from the mouth Analysis of the poem “Falling Leaves” by Bunin. Analysis of the poem “Falling Leaves” by Bunin Bunin falling leaves what made you think about

Smell from the mouth

Analysis of the poem “Falling Leaves” by Bunin. Analysis of the poem “Falling Leaves” by Bunin Bunin falling leaves what made you think about

(Illustration: Gennady Tselishchev)

Analysis of I. A. Bunin's poem "Falling Leaves"

Autumn - a riot of colors and silence

In I. A. Bunin’s poem “Falling Leaves,” the picture of autumn nature is very vividly and colorfully described. This poem is a vivid representative of landscape poetry, which occupies a significant place in the author’s work. It is landscape lyrics that help the author convey the depth of his thoughts about the meaning of life and its transience, as well as about eternal love and the joy of being. In this poem, the motley colors of golden autumn veil the autumn sadness of withering and impoverishment. The author conveys this state especially clearly in the second part of the verse, slightly lifting the veil.

Bunin, in the poem “Falling Leaves,” very skillfully and colorfully, with multiple use of epithets and comparisons, conveyed a picture of the golden autumn that he observed “above the bright meadow.” Many colors are used to describe the nature of autumn:

The forest is like a painted tower,

Lilac, gold, crimson

The picture of a wonderful autumn fascinates the author, and he gradually becomes a witness to the mystery of the autumn fairy tale - here there is a “painted tower” and a “window” of sky gaps in the foliage of trees. And in the second part of the verse, the picture of autumn appears in the image of a quiet widow of autumn, entering her forest tower, surrounded by silence:

And autumn is a quiet widow

Enters his motley mansion.

But, after these lines, the appearance of colorful autumn is filled with a sad motif of eternal peace and quiet. This motive is reinforced by the use of such words: “last”, “freezes”, “dead silence”, “silence”. Even the colorful, “bright meadow” that was in the first part of the verse, with the arrival of the widow’s quiet autumn, becomes an “empty meadow.” And the last moth playing is the only animated character; in the second part of the verse, “freezes on the web.”

Such dead silence

In the forest and in the blue heights

I. A. Bunin’s poem “Falling Leaves” conveys both the beauty of autumn nature and the deep fullness of light sadness. Even though it is already autumn and very soon silence and complete decay will come, yet this sadness is light and bright, like golden autumn.

Bunin has always been distinguished by his lyrical, vivid descriptions of nature. In it, simple and, at the same time, immense, he saw the very essence of our entire life. If you observe the passage of time, the change of seasons, softly falling snow or spring rain, then gradually all the troubles of life fade into the background, giving way to the splendor of nature. And it is through nature, through landscapes, that any, even the deepest, thoughts can be conveyed.

The poem “Falling Leaves” is a prominent representative of landscape creativity. Bunin wrote it in 1900,

Having opened to them his collection of the same name, which later brought him the Pushkin Prize.

“Falling Leaves” was written in a single creative impulse, the words come from the very heart of the author. Impressed by the bright autumn that he observed, the stanzas follow each other in a well-ordered, harmonious autumn rhythm. In its structure, the poem is reminiscent of folklore tunes, viscous, not having a strict sequence, but so beautiful and memorable.

An amazing number of colorful metaphors show the reader the author’s mood: here is a comparison of the forest with painted mansions, and crimson leaves, and blue heights

Clear skies.

The poet is amazed at how beautiful autumn is, the time of withering, the time that precedes winter. It would seem that life is freezing and preparing for a long sleep. And even though there is a slight sadness and incomprehensible anxiety in my heart, still how beautiful it is, autumn. Bunin compares her to the mistress of the forest, to a quiet, caring widow. Yes, the cycle of life is inextricably linked with death, leaves wither and fall, grass withers, birds fly south, and animals prepare for difficult times.

However, autumn marks the beginning of a new life. Fallen leaves cover the ground like a blanket, warm it and serve as a shelter for many animals. Autumn will make sure that life sparkles with new colors in spring. And now is the time for sad, but no less beautiful colors. Amber reflections, a bright, “empty” clearing, trees stand like purple towers.

Life is getting ready for bed, it freezes. All around there is only dead sleep and silence, and rare echoes of a summer that has already passed.

Bunin gradually expands the scope of his charm: if at first we saw only one clearing, and saw only one day, then by the end of the poem the whole of September appears before us in its cold, damp splendor, and the entire forest serves as its stage. Already almost asleep, naked. The author says goodbye to him, seemingly regretting the days gone by. But, in fact, we will return here again and see the splendor of winter.

Analysis of the poem "Falling Leaves" by Bunin helps to better know and understand this author, one of the Russian classics. Bunin is better known as a prose writer, the author of lyrical stories and novels, for example, “The Life of Arsenyev,” for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize. But he was also a wonderful poet, who created dozens of excellent poetic texts.

about the author

Before we begin the analysis of the poem "Falling Leaves" by Bunin, let's talk about the author himself.

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was born in Voronezh. He came from a family of impoverished nobles. He went to work early and began a career in journalism. The future poet admits that he grew up listening to Pushkin, whose poems were constantly heard in the house.

As a child, the boy had a tutor - Moscow University student Nikolai Romashkov. It was he who got him into reading. Bunin received a full-fledged home education, which included, in addition to basic subjects, Latin and drawing.

Bunin himself admitted that among the first books he read on his own were collections of British poetry and Homer's Odyssey.

First failures

In his youth, the aspiring poet was very worried about the fact that critics and readers paid little attention to him. The difficulties stemmed from the fact that he did not have literary agents who could organize reviews in the press. He independently sent works to all his friends with a request to write reviews.

The debut collection of his poems, which was published in Orel, remained practically unnoticed by anyone. In 1897, his second book entitled “To the End of the World and Other Stories” was published. It received about 20 reviews from critics. They were all condescendingly complacent, but nothing more. Moreover, at that time such a small number of reviews seemed paltry compared to the assessment of the works of Gorky or Leonid, which critics admired.

Collection "Falling Leaves"

When compiling an analysis of Bunin's poem "Falling Leaves", it is necessary to take into account that it was part of the collection, which became the writer's first success.

The collection "Falling Leaves" was published by the Scorpio publishing house in 1901. Khodasevich noted that it was to her that Bunin owed his popularity. At the same time, the poet turned to Chekhov with a request to nominate Falling Leaves and the translation of The Song of Hiawatha, published several years earlier, for the Pushkin Prize. Chekhov agreed, but first consulted with the famous lawyer Anatoly Koni. Chekhov admitted that he himself had received prizes several times, but he never sent his own books. Therefore, I simply didn’t know how to act, who to write to, where to send my works. He asked the horse for help with advice, to suggest how to act in such a situation.

In February 1903, it became known that the famous Russian poet, prose writer and publicist Arseny Golenishchev-Kutuzov, a descendant of the legendary commander, had been appointed as Bunin's reviewer for the Pushkin Prize. Soon a review of the collection appeared in the “Literary Evenings of the New World”. In it, Platon Krasnov noted that the poems were very monotonous, comparing them with Fet and Tyutchev, he noted that Bunin does not manage to write about nature so excitingly.

Golenishchev-Kutuzov’s review, on the contrary, turned out to be enthusiastic. He noted that Bunin has a unique language that is unlike anything else.

In October 1903, as a result of voting, Bunin was awarded the Pushkin Prize. In monetary terms it was equal to 500 rubles. After this, the poet began to be treated as a generally recognized writer, but she did not add commercial success to his books.

Korney Chukovsky wrote in his memoirs that the Scorpion publishing house had unopened boxes of Falling Leaves lying around for several years. Visitors used them instead of furniture. As a result, the publisher reduced the price. Instead of one ruble, "Listopad" began to be sold for 60 kopecks.

Analysis of the poem "Falling Leaves" by Bunin

It is worth noting that this poem was created in the early period of the author’s career. It was written in 1900, when the poet turned 30 years old. It was first published in the St. Petersburg magazine Life. It was accompanied by the subtitle "Autumn Poem". Interestingly, the text was specifically dedicated to Maxim Gorky.

It is this work that gives the name to the collection published in 1901, which was eventually awarded the Pushkin Prize. Bunin himself treasured it until the end of his life.

When analyzing the poem "Falling Leaves" by Bunin, it should be noted that this is a so-called work of landscape lyricism. It is devoted exclusively to the topic of describing autumn nature. The author observes the slowly changing picture of the nature around him, and at the same time begins to reflect on human fate and life; philosophical motives appear in the poem.

Poem Structure

According to the plan, in the analysis of Bunin's poem "Falling Leaves" it is necessary to include an assessment of the rhyme of the text. It is distinguished by a very peculiar construction. The poet's work consists of seven quatrains and two couplets. They have the same and strict size - this is iambic tetrameter.

Moreover, the stanzas differ significantly from one another. If the first, third and fifth are written with a cross rhyme, they alternate between feminine and masculine rhymes, then the sixth, eighth and ninth stanzas have a ring rhyme. The second, fourth and seventh stanzas are written in their own way - they have adjacent rhymes. One of the main features of this poem is its melodiousness, which brings the text closer to folklore and folk art.

Throughout the entire poem, Bunin tries with all his might to push the boundaries of space and time. At the very beginning, he writes only about one day, limiting his actions exclusively to one clearing. All this allows the reader to enjoy the last moments of happiness from the passing summer - the last moth, the singing of a flying thrush, to feel the last warmth of the sun.

Closer to the middle, time expands to a whole month - we are already talking about the whole month - September, and the described space also increases. This is already the forest and the whole sky.

When analyzing the poem “Falling Leaves” by Ivan Bunin, it is necessary to note that by the end of the text, space and time have already assumed the interplanetary scale of the Universe.

Image of Autumn

The image of Autumn plays an important role in the text. It is interesting that this is a unique work, understandable and interesting for both younger and high school students. For example, the analysis of Bunin's poem "Falling Leaves" in grade 3 is mainly devoted to what the author describes. The way he relates to nature and his environment.

At the same time, the analysis of the poem “Falling Leaves” by Bunin in the 11th grade is already more in-depth. It includes an assessment of the image of Autumn.

Autumn in the text includes many concepts. It is not only a season, but also an entity in its own right. A kind of quiet widow, mistress of the forest and all fading nature.

Depicting Autumn, the poet uses the technique of humanization. So he reveals the inner life of nature, filled with its sorrows and joys, pain, suffering and discoveries.

Artistic techniques and means

The plan for analyzing the poem "Falling Leaves" by I. Bunin includes a description of the artistic techniques used by the author. With their help, the poet manages to convey how the mood of the lyrical hero changes, without separating man from nature.

Bunin in the text brings up the idea of the cyclical nature of all processes existing in the universe, and therefore the eternal life of all things. In his poem, he creates a looping narrative, drawing a line from a beautiful golden autumn through fading and beauty to new beauty. Now it's cold and winter.

Parts of a poem

The first part of this text especially remembers the image of the autumn forest. Bunin does not spare bright colors, describing the “lilac tower”, “amber reflection of foliage”, “silver of the web”. It’s as if he’s drawing a real autumn fairy tale on paper.

Then the cheerful rhythm of the narrative gives way to a sad and decadent mood. It is associated with the appearance of the image of Autumn, which brings with it the motive of death.

The third part of this poem conveys a picture of dying with the help of sounds and bright colors that disappear into oblivion. Winter comes, and autumn moves further - to the south.

Use of Tropes

One of the main differences between the poem "Falling Leaves" is the large number of tropes. Bunin actively uses assonance and anaphora, which give the text melody. And the alliteration of the sounds “s” and “sh” creates the image of rustling leaves and oppressive silence.

There are many comparisons in the poem. For example, a moth is likened to a white petal, there are many metaphors and personifications. The text contains a large number of epithets ("quiet widow", "frosty silver", "dead silence").

In this poem, Bunin managed to convey all the greatness and beauty of the nature around us.

The poem “Falling Leaves” was written in the early period of I. Bunin’s work (1900), but in terms of skill it is not inferior to the author’s later works. “Leaf Fall” was first published in the magazine “Life”, which was published in St. Petersburg. It should be noted that the first publication had a dedication to M. Gorky and the subtitle “Autumn Poem”. Indeed, the work can be classified as a poem, since it has a plot, a system of acting characters, but at the same time it is written in poetic form and has a clearly defined lyrical beginning.

The theme of the poem is the arrival of autumn and the change of seasons. The author shows the beauty of nature, which is not subject to time and weather changes, affirms the idea of cyclicality and eternal life. I. Bunin shows the reader the passage of time, the withering and degeneration of nature. At first, he focuses on only one day, “today,” gradually expanding the time frame to several months.

In “Falling Leaves,” a humanized image of Autumn operates; the poet presents her as a widow returning to her “variegated mansion,” which is the forest. Autumn the widow is sad, despite the extraordinary beauty of the forest, because she knows that the riot of colors and sounds will soon end in withering. The forest is slowly dying, and Autumn becomes terrified in the midst of “another silence,” a dead silence, she locks herself in her mansion to survive the rain and darkness. Next, the author describes the departure of Autumn: she goes after the birds, giving way to winter beauty.

Landscapes play a key role in the poem. As a rule, they are extra-plot elements, but in our case they are the plot background, without which it is impossible to understand the idea of the work. Autumn landscapes, woven from variegated colors and gloomy tones, create a complete panorama of the golden sad time. They replace each other like frames on a film, and in each frame the forest appears before us in a new attire and mood. The pictures of nature are dynamic: a moth plays, a blackbird flies, starlings flash in the sky, geese fly away.

I. Bunin pays attention to the smallest details, even a thin cobweb and the quiet rustling of leaves do not go unnoticed. And so that the reader also feels the mood of the forest and Autumn, the author fills the landscapes with sounds and colors. There are more than a dozen colors and shades in “Leaf Fall,” but in general the entire gamut is divided into three parts: bright, variegated colors (lilac, red, gold, etc.), pale and gray tones, and the white color of a snow-covered forest. The same with sounds: at first you can hear birds singing from everywhere, a pleasant rustling of leaves, which is gradually replaced by silence and the howl of a wolf.

The arsenal of artistic means in the poem “Falling Leaves” is very diverse, but the main ones are personification (autumn) and the metaphor of the forest-tower. Epithets and comparisons also play an important role in revealing the ideological meaning. The composition of the work is quite complex. The text is divided into seven stanzas, which are formed according to their meaning. Each stanza has 14 to 14 lines. At the same time, the rhyme is strict: quatrains with cross rhyme alternate with couplets with parallel rhyme. The poetic meter is iambic tetrameter.

Images, artistic means, compositional features and poetic meter - all this harmoniously complements each other and serves to reveal the theme and idea of the work.

The poem “Falling Leaves” by Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was written in 1990, the poet was then thirty years old. His poem was written about mother nature and her wealth.

How beautiful nature is in autumn, no writer has conveyed such a subtle tragedy. Pain and joy are written on Bunin’s face. The pain is that autumn is a wonderful time, when everything around turns into millions of colors. The world puts on a mask, under which winter finds it. Here at this moment pain manifests itself, the line between two periods creates death and the rebirth of something new. The forest is described as a home that is full of warmth and care. Leaves and tree crowns can mean windows and doors. At this moment, frost begins to walk through the forest, it envelops the whole world in a white sheet. Bunin's autumn forest is like a fable, mysterious, unusual and amazing.

In any line of the poem “Falling Leaves” one can feel the poet’s passion for his native nature, an idea of its charm and delight in its greatness. Bunin constantly stood out for his lyrical, colorful depictions of nature. If you follow the course of the period, the change of seasons, then little by little all everyday troubles recede to the next plane, giving in to the greatness of nature. “Falling Leaves” was composed in a monolithic creative impulse, the phrases come from the very heart of the creator. He loved to walk in silence and watch life change.

Of course, this is not his only work that made a great impression on many people. If you look into his entire work, you can find a lot of interesting things.

Leaf fall

The forest is like a painted tower,
Lilac, gold, crimson,
A cheerful, motley wall
Standing above a bright clearing.
Birch trees with yellow carving
Glisten in the blue azure,
Like towers, the fir trees are darkening,
And between the maples they turn blue
Here and there through the foliage
Clearances in the sky, like a window.
The forest smells of oak and pine,
Over the summer it dried out from the sun,
And Autumn is a quiet widow
Enters his motley mansion.
Today in an empty clearing,
Among the wide yard,
Air web fabric
They shine like a silver net.
Plays all day today
The last moth in the yard
And, like a white petal,
Freezes on the web,
Warmed by the warmth of the sun;
It's so light all around today,
Such dead silence
In the forest and in the blue heights,
What is possible in this silence
Hear the rustle of a leaf.
The forest is like a painted tower,
Lilac, gold, crimson,
Standing above a sunny meadow,
Mesmerized by the silence;
The blackbird clucks as it flies
Among the undersea, where the thick
The foliage sheds an amber glow;
While playing, it will flash in the sky
Scattered flock of starlings -
And again everything around will freeze.
Last moments of happiness!
Autumn already knows what he is
Deep and silent peace -
A harbinger of long bad weather.
Deeply, strangely the forest was silent
And at dawn, when from sunset
Purple sparkle of fire and gold
The tower was illuminated by fire.
Then it became gloomily dark inside him.
The moon is rising, and in the forest
Shadows fall on the dew...
It's become cold and white
Among the clearings, among the through
Of the dead autumn thicket,
And terribly in autumn alone
In the desert silence of the night.
Now the silence is different:
Listen - she is growing,
And with her, frightening with her paleness,
And the month slowly rises.
He made all the shadows shorter
Transparent smoke hovered over the forest
And now he looks straight into the eyes
From the misty heights of heaven.
Oh, the dead sleep of an autumn night!
Oh, the terrible hour of night wonders!
In the silvery and damp fog
The clearing is light and empty;
Forest, flooded with white light,
With its frozen beauty
As if he were prophesying death for himself;
The owl is silent too: it sits
Yes, he looks stupidly from the branches,
Sometimes he will laugh wildly,
Falls down with a noise from above,
Flapping soft wings,
And he will sit on the bushes again
And he looks with round eyes,
Leading with his eared head
Around, as if in amazement;
And the forest stands in a daze,
Filled with a pale, light haze
And leaves with rotten dampness...
Don't wait: it won't show up in the morning
The sun is in the sky. Rain and haze
The forest is fogged with cold smoke, -
No wonder this night passed!
But Autumn will hide deep
Everything she's been through
In the silent night and lonely
He will lock himself in his chamber:
Let the forest rage in the rain,
May the nights be dark and stormy
And in the clearing there are wolf eyes
They glow green with fire!
The forest is like a tower without a watcher,
All darkened and faded,
September, circling through the forest,
He took the roof off it in places
And the entrance was strewn with damp leaves;
And there the winter fell at night
And it began to melt, killing everything...
Horns blow in distant fields,
Their copper overflow rings,
Like a sad cry among the wide
Rainy and foggy fields.
Through the noise of the trees, beyond the valley,
Lost in the depths of the forests,
The horn of Turin howls gloomily,
Calling the dogs for their prey,
And the sonorous din of their voices
The desert noise carries the storm.
The rain is pouring, cold as ice,
Leaves are spinning across the meadows,
And geese in a long caravan
They fly over the forest.
But the days go by. And now there's smoke
They rise in pillars at dawn,
The forests are crimson, motionless,
The earth is in frosty silver,
And in the ermine slush,
Having washed my pale face,
Meeting the last day in the forest,
Autumn comes out onto the porch.
The yard is empty and cold. At the gate
Among two dried aspens,
She can see the blue of the valleys
And the expanse of the desert swamp,
The road to the far south:
There from winter storms and blizzards,
From winter cold and snowstorm
The birds have long since flown away;
There and Autumn in the morning
Will direct his lonely path
And forever in an empty forest
The open mansion will leave its own.
Sorry, forest! Sorry, goodbye,
The day will be gentle, good,
And soon soft powder
The dead edge will turn silver.
How strange they will be in this white
Deserted and cold day
And the forest and the empty tower,
And the roofs of quiet villages,
And heaven and without borders
There are receding fields in them!
How happy the sables will be,
And stoats and martens,
frolicking and warming up on the run
In the soft snowdrifts in the meadow!
And there, like a wild dance of a shaman,
They will burst into the bare taiga
Winds from the tundra, from the ocean,
Humming in the spinning snow
And howling like a beast in the field.
They will destroy the old tower,
They will leave the stakes and then
On this empty skeleton
Frost will hang through,
And they will be in the blue sky
The icy palaces shine
And crystal and silver.
And at night, between their white streaks,
The lights of the heavens will rise,
The star shield Stozhar will shine -
At that hour when, in the silence
Frosty fire glows,
The blossoming of the polar lights.
1900

Analysis of Bunin's poem Falling Leaves, version 2

The poem “Falling Leaves” dates back to the early period of I. Bunin’s work. The 30-year-old poet wrote it in August 1900, and in October the poem with a dedication to M. Gorky and the subtitle “Autumn Poem” was published in the St. Petersburg magazine “Life”. The work gave the name to a poetry collection of 1901, which was awarded the Pushkin Prize in 1903. The poet himself treasured the poem until the end of his life.

“Falling Leaves” is a work of landscape poetry dedicated to the description of autumn nature. Observing the changing picture of nature, the author reflects on the flow of human life, introducing philosophical motives into the poem.

“Leaf Fall” is distinguished by an unusual, peculiar construction: according to rhyme The poem consists of seven quatrains and two couplets, written in iambic tetrameter. The first, third and fifth stanzas of the work have a cross-rhyme pattern with alternating female and male rhymes. The sixth, eighth and ninth stanzas are written in a ring rhyme, and the second, fourth and seventh stanzas are written in adjacent rhymes. The peculiarity of the poem is its melodiousness and closeness to folklore.

Throughout the entire narrative, Bunin expands its temporal and spatial boundaries. At the beginning of the poem, time is short - one day, "Today", and the action is limited to a clearing, which allows you to catch the last moments of happiness - notice the last moth, feel the farewell warmth of the sun, hear the clucking thrush. Gradually the time expands to a month ( “September, circling through the forest…”), and the space covers the entire forest and the entire sky. At the end of the poem, time and space acquire planetary proportions.

Autumn in the poem acts as a collective concept: it is both a time of year and Autumn is an independent creature, "quiet widow", mistress of the forest. Artist through humanized image of Autumn reveals the world of the inner life of nature, filled with joy, suffering and pain.

The poet depicts the changing states of nature using various artistic means and techniques, at the same time, without separating nature from man, surprisingly subtly conveying the change in mood of the lyrical hero. Carrying out the idea of eternal life and the cyclical nature of all processes of the universe, Bunin creates a ring in the poem, going from the beauty of golden autumn through the beauty of withering and suffering of nature to a new beauty - winter, cold and beautiful.

In the first part of the poem, Bunin creates a magnificent image of an autumn forest using a variety of colors and contrasts ( purple tower, silver cobwebs, amber reflection of foliage, light, sunny meadow). Drawing an autumn fairy tale, the poet resorts to fairy-tale vocabulary, comparing a clearing with a wide courtyard, a forest with a carved tower, and gaps in the foliage with windows.

The cheerful, bright perception of the picture of the autumn forest is replaced by a minor mood associated with the appearance of the image in the poem "quiet widow" Autumn and motive for death. The poet paints a picture of the silent numbness of the forest on the eve of imminent death.

In the third part, the picture of the dying of nature is conveyed through sounds, the carnival of bright colors has sunk into oblivion, and autumn goes further and further to the south. However, in the final part, life, brought by the winter winds, again replaces death, and nature regains joy ( “How happy the sables, and ermines, and martens will be”).

The transmission of movement in the work is organized using a variety of expressive means: inversion in the first stanza ( the leaves are spinning, the rain is pouring), an antithesis opposing the disorderly ( leaves are spinning) and directional movement ( geese keep migrating).

"Leaf fall" is distinguished by abundance tropes. Bunin uses anaphora, assonance “o” and “e”, which gives melody to the poem, alliteration of the sounds “sh” and “s”, creating sound images of silence and rustling leaves.

The poem is full of comparisons (“a moth… like a white petal”, “… fabrics shine like a net of silver”), metaphors (among a wide courtyard, a colorful tower), personifications (“Autumn… enters his tower”), metaphors-personifications ( “smoke rises in columns”), epithets (quiet widow, dead silence, frosty silver).

A true artist, Bunin in “Falling Leaves” managed to put into words and convey all the diversity of the surrounding world, all the beauty and grandeur of nature.