Compound
It differs from ampicillin in the presence of three molecules of water of crystallization in the molecule.White crystalline powder. Soluble in water (1:300), practically insoluble in alcohol.
One tablet contains 250 mg of ampicillin.
pharmachologic effect
Ampicillin trihydrate is an antibiotic of the group of semisynthetic penicillins. Has an antibacterial (bactericidal) effect. Active against a wide range of gram-positive (alpha- and beta-hemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Starhylococcus spp., with the exception of penicillinase-producing strains, Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium spp., Enterococcus spp.) and gram-negative (Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Salmonella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella spp., Escherichia coli, Bordetella pertussis) microorganisms. It is destroyed by penicillinase and therefore has no effect on penicillinase-producing strains of pathogens.Pharmacokinetics:
40-60% of the dose taken is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. The maximum concentration in the blood is achieved 1.5-2 hours after administration. Penetrates into tissues and biological fluids of the body. Does not break down in the acidic environment of the stomach. It is excreted mainly by the kidneys unchanged. High concentrations of unchanged antibiotic are created in the urine. Partially excreted with bile, in nursing mothers - with milk. With repeated administrations it does not accumulate, which makes it possible to use ampicillin trihydrate for a long time.
Indications for use
Inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract: pneumonia (pneumonia), bronchitis (inflammation of the bronchi), pharyngitis (inflammation of the pharynx), etc.; urological diseases: pyelonephritis (inflammation of the kidney tissue and renal pelvis), cystitis (inflammation of the bladder), prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate gland), intestinal infections: dysentery, salmonellosis, enterocolitis (inflammation of the small and large intestines), septic endocarditis (inflammation of the internal cavities of the heart due to the presence of microbes in the blood), meningitis (inflammation of the membranes of the brain), erysipelas and others.Mode of application
Ampicillin trihydrate is administered orally, regardless of food intake. A single dose for adults is 0.5 g, a daily dose is 2-3 g. Children over 1 month of age are prescribed a daily dose of 100 mg/kg. The daily dose is divided into 4-6 doses. The duration of treatment is set individually depending on the severity and form of the disease (from 5-10 days to 2-3 weeks or more).Side effects
Allergic reactions: possible - itching and peeling of the skin, urticaria, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, angioedema, rarely - fever, arthralgia, eosinophilia, erythematous and maculopapular rash, exfoliative dermatitis, exudative erythema multiforme (including Stevens-Johnson syndrome), reactions, similar to serum sickness, in isolated cases - anaphylactic shock, non-allergic ampicillin rash, which may disappear without stopping the drug.From the digestive system: dysbacteriosis, stomatitis, gastritis, dry mouth, change in taste, abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, stomatitis, glossitis, moderate increase in the activity of “liver” transaminases, pseudomembranous enterocolitis.
From the central nervous system: headache, tremor, convulsions (with high-dose therapy).
Laboratory indicators: leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, anemia.
Local reactions: pain at the injection site, infiltrates with intramuscular injection, phlebitis with intravenous administration in large doses.
Other: interstitial nephritis, nephropathy, superinfection (especially in patients with chronic diseases or reduced body resistance), vaginal candidiasis.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity (including to other penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems), infectious mononucleosis, lymphocytic leukemia, liver failure, history of gastrointestinal diseases (especially colitis associated with the use of antibiotics), lactation period, children's age (up to 1 month). With caution. Bronchial asthma, hay fever and other allergic diseases, renal failure, history of bleeding, pregnancy.Overdose:
Symptoms - manifestations of toxic effects on the central nervous system (especially in patients with renal failure); nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, water and electrolyte imbalance (as a result of vomiting and diarrhea).
Treatment is gastric lavage, activated charcoal, saline laxatives, drugs to maintain water-electrolyte balance and symptomatic. Eliminated by hemodialysis.
Drug interactions:
Ampicillin trihydrate reduces the effect of oral contraceptives and increases the effect of anticoagulants and aminoglycoside antibiotics. Allopurinol increases the likelihood of skin rashes. Probenecid, when used simultaneously with ampicillin, reduces the tubular secretion of the latter, resulting in an increase in the concentration of ampicillin in the blood plasma and an increased risk of developing toxic effects.
Release form
Tablets, in jars of 24 tablets, in blister packs of 10, 20, 24, 30 tablets, in blister packs of 6, 10 tablets, granules for preparing a suspension.Storage conditions
List B. In a dry place, protected from light, at room temperature.Nosological classification (ICD-10)
Other salmonella infections (A02)
Scarlet fever (A38)
Meningococcal infection (A39)
Streptococcal septicemia (A40)
Other septicemia (A41)
Purulent and unspecified otitis media (H66)
Instructions for medical use
medicine
Ampicillin Trihydrate
Tradename
Ampicillin trihydrate
International nonproprietary name
Ampicillin
Dosage form
Tablets 0.25 g
Compound
One tablet contains
active substance: ampicillin trihydrate (in terms of ampicillin) - 0.2887 g (0.250 g),
Excipients: potato starch, calcium stearate, talc.
Description
Tablets are white, round in shape, with a biconvex surface, scored.
Pharmacotherapeutic group
Beta-lactam antibacterial drugs - Penicillins. Broad-spectrum penicillins. Ampicillin.
ATX code J01CA01
Pharmacological properties
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption after oral administration is fast, high, bioavailability - 40%; the time to reach the maximum concentration when taking 500 mg is 2 hours, the maximum concentration is 3 - 4 mcg/ml. Communication with plasma proteins - 20%. The half-life is 1 - 2 hours. Evenly distributed in the organs and tissues of the body, found in therapeutic concentrations in pleural, peritoneal, amniotic and synovial fluids, cerebrospinal fluid, the contents of blisters, urine (high concentrations), intestinal mucosa, bones, gall bladder, lungs, tissues of the female genital organs, bile , in bronchial secretions (in purulent bronchial secretions the accumulation is weak), paranasal sinuses, middle ear fluid (with inflammation), saliva, fetal tissues. It penetrates the blood-brain barrier poorly (permeability increases with inflammation of the meninges). Excreted primarily by the kidneys (70 - 80%), very high concentrations of unchanged antibiotic are created in the urine; partially - with bile, in nursing mothers - with milk. Does not cumulate. Removed by hemodialysis.
Pharmacodynamics
Semi-synthetic penicillin, broad-spectrum, bactericidal. Acid resistant. Suppresses bacterial cell wall synthesis.
Active against gram-positive (alpha- and beta-hemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium spp.).
Moderately active against most enterococci, incl. Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria spp., and gram-negative (Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Proteus mirabilis, Yersinia multocida (formerly Pasteurella), many species of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Escherichia coli, Chlamydia trachomatis) microorganisms, aerobic non-spore-forming bacteria.
Ineffective against penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus spp., all strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, most strains of Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp.
Indications for use
Infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by ampicillin-sensitive microorganisms:
Respiratory tract and ENT organs (sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, otitis media, bronchitis, pneumonia, lung abscess)
Kidney and urinary tract (pyelonephritis, pyelitis, cystitis, urethritis)
Gonorrhea
Biliary tract (cholangitis, cholecystitis)
Chlamydial infections in pregnant women (with intolerance to erythromycin)
Cervicitis
Skin and soft tissues (erysipelas, impetigo, secondary infected dermatoses)
Musculoskeletal system
Gastrointestinal tract (typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever, dysentery, salmonellosis, salmonellosis carriage).
Directions for use and doses
Orally, adults - 0.25 g 4 times a day 0.5-1 hour before meals with a small amount of water; if necessary, the dose is increased to 3 g/day.
Infections of the gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary system: 0.5 g 4 times a day.
Children over 6 years old are prescribed 1 g per day. The daily dose is divided into 4-6 doses.
The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the disease (from 5-10 days).
Side effects
Sometimes:
Skin peeling, itching, urticaria, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, Quincke's edema
Dysbacteriosis, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
Rarely:
Fever, arthralgia, eosinophilia, erythematous and maculopapular rash, exfoliative dermatitis, exudative erythema multiforme, incl. Stevens-Johnson syndrome, reactions similar to serum sickness
Stomatitis, gastritis, dry oral mucosa, change in taste, diarrhea, glossitis, liver dysfunction, moderate increase in the activity of liver transaminases, pseudomembranous enterocolitis
Agitation or aggressiveness, anxiety, confusion, behavior changes
Leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
Very rarely;
Anaphylactic shock
Depression, seizures (with high dose therapy)
Agranulocytosis, anemia
Other adverse reactions
Sometimes:
- vaginal candidiasis
Rarely:
- interstitial nephritis, nephropathy, superinfection (especially in patients with chronic diseases or reduced body resistance)
Non-allergic ampicillin rash (may disappear without stopping the drug)
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity (including to other penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems)
Infectious mononucleosis
Lymphocytic leukemia
Liver failure
History of gastrointestinal diseases (especially antibiotic-associated colitis)
Lactation period
Children under 6 years old
Drug interactions
Pharmaceutically incompatible with aminoglycosides.
Antacids, glucosamine, laxatives, foods and aminoglycosides slow down and reduce absorption.
Ascorbic acid increases absorption.
Bactericidal antibiotics (including aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, cycloserine, vancomycin, rifampicin) have a synergistic effect; bacteriostatic drugs (macrolides, chloramphenicol, lincosamides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides) - antagonistic.
Increases the effectiveness of indirect anticoagulants (suppressing intestinal microflora, reduces the synthesis of vitamin K and the prothrombin index).
Reduces the effectiveness of estrogen-containing oral contraceptives (it is necessary to use additional methods of contraception), drugs during the metabolism of which para-aminobenzoic acid is formed, ethinyl estradiol (in the latter case, the risk of breakthrough bleeding increases).
Diuretics, allopurinol, oxyphenbutazone, phenylbutazone, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other drugs that block tubular secretion increase the concentration of ampicillin in plasma (by reducing tubular secretion).
Allopurinol increases the risk of developing skin rashes.
Reduces clearance and increases toxicity of methotrexate.
special instructions
During treatment, systematic monitoring of renal, liver and peripheral blood function is necessary. Patients with impaired renal function require a doctor-recommended adjustment of the dosage regimen in accordance with creatinine clearance values. It is possible that superinfection may develop due to the growth of microflora that is insensitive to it, which requires a corresponding change in antibacterial therapy.
When used in high doses in patients with renal failure, toxic effects on the central nervous system are possible.
When ampicillin is used in patients with bacteremia (sepsis), a bacteriolysis reaction (Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction) is possible.
When treating mild diarrhea that occurs during a course of treatment, antidiarrheal drugs that reduce intestinal motility should be avoided; You can use kaolin- or attapulgite-containing antidiarrheal drugs; discontinuation of the drug is indicated. If diarrhea is severe, consult a doctor. Treatment must be continued
huddle for another 48 - 72 hours after the disappearance of clinical signs of the disease.
At the first signs of allergy, the drug is discontinued and desensitizing therapy is carried out.
Carefully:
Bronchial asthma
Hay fever and other allergic diseases
Kidney failure
History of bleeding
Pregnancy
Use during pregnancy is possible when the benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus.
Features of the effect of the drug on the ability to drive a vehicle or potentially dangerous mechanisms
During the treatment period, care must be taken when driving vehicles and engaging in other potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration and speed of psychomotor reactions.
Overdose
Symptoms: manifestations of toxic effects on the central nervous system (especially in patients with renal failure); nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, water and electrolyte imbalance (as a result of vomiting and diarrhea).
Name:
Ampicillin trihydrate
INN:
Ampicillin
Analogues:
None
Pharmacotherapeutic group
Antibiotic, semi-synthetic penicillin.
pharmachologic effect
An antibiotic from the group of semisynthetic penicillins with a broad spectrum of action. It has a bactericidal effect by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls.
Active against aerobic gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus spp. (except for penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., Listeria monocytogenes; aerobic gram-negative bacteria: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Bordetella pertussis, some strains of Haemophilus influenzae.
Destroyed by bacterial β-lactamases.
Pharmacokinetics
After oral administration, it is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Ampicillin is distributed in most organs and tissues. Penetrates the placental barrier, poorly penetrates the BBB. With inflammation of the meninges, the permeability of the BBB increases sharply. 30% of ampicillin is metabolized in the liver. Excreted in urine and bile.
Compound
1 tablet contains
Active substances :
250 mg ampicillin trihydrate.
Indications for use
Ampicillin trihydrate is used for:
- pneumonia,
- bronchopneumonia,
- lung abscesses;
- peritonitis; sepsis;
- sore throat;
Infections, including mixed ones,
- urinary and biliary tract (pyelitis, pyelonephritis, cystitis, cholangitis, cholecystitis);
- infections of the gastrointestinal tract, including salmonella carriage;
- soft tissue infections and other diseases caused by antibiotic-sensitive microorganisms.
Directions for use and doses
Ampicillin trihydrate is administered orally, regardless of food intake.
A single dose for adults is 0.5 g, a daily dose is 2-3 g. Children over 1 month of age are prescribed a daily dose of 100 mg/kg.
The daily dose is divided into 4-6 doses.
The duration of treatment is determined individually depending on the severity and form of the disease (from 5-10 days to 2-3 weeks or more).
special instructions
During treatment with ampicillin trihydrate, systematic monitoring of liver, kidney and peripheral blood function is necessary. Patients with impaired renal function require adjustment of the dosage regimen in accordance with creatinine clearance values. When using high doses of the drug in patients with renal failure, toxic effects on the central nervous system are possible.
For bronchial asthma, hay fever and other allergic conditions, desensitizing agents are simultaneously prescribed. In case of liver failure, ampicillin trihydrate is used under the control of the functional state of the liver.
Side effects
- Allergic reactions (urticaria, erythema, Quincke's edema, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, rarely - fever, joint pain, eosinophilia, extremely rarely - anaphylactic shock),
- Nausea, vomiting, intestinal dysbiosis, colitis caused by C. difficale,
- Oral candidiasis, vaginal candidiasis.
Contraindications
- Increased individual sensitivity (including to other penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems);
- Infectious mononucleosis;
- Severe liver dysfunction;
- Breastfeeding (must be suspended during treatment).
Interaction with other drugs
Ampicillin trihydrate reduces the effect of oral contraceptives and increases the effect of anticoagulants and aminoglycoside antibiotics. Allopurinol increases the likelihood of skin rashes. Probenecid, when used simultaneously with ampicillin, reduces the tubular secretion of the latter, resulting in an increase in the concentration of ampicillin in the blood plasma and an increased risk of developing toxic effects.
Overdose
Symptoms:
It has a toxic effect on the central nervous system (especially in patients with renal failure).
Treatment:
Symptomatic (maintaining vital functions).
Release form
Tablets of 250 mg in package No. 20 (No. 10x2 in contour-free packaging).
Manufacturer:
Belmedpreparaty
Recipe (international)
Rp.: Tab. Ampicillini trihydratis 0.25 No. 10
D.S. One tablet 3 times a day
Rp.: Ampicillini trihydratis 0.25
D. No. 20 in caps.
S.: Inside, regardless of food intake. Adults: 0.5 g 4-6 times a day.
Active substance
Ampicillin
pharmachologic effect
Ampicillin trihydrate is an antibiotic of the semisynthetic penicillin group. Has an antibacterial (bactericidal) effect. Active against a wide range of gram-positive (alpha- and beta-hemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Starhylococcus spp., with the exception of penicillinase-producing strains, Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium spp., Enterococcus spp.) and gram-negative (Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Salmonella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella spp., Escherichia coli, Bordetella pertussis) microorganisms. It is destroyed by penicillinase and therefore has no effect on penicillinase-producing strains of pathogens.
Mode of application
For adults: Inside, regardless of food intake.
A single dose for adults is 0.5 g, daily - 2-3 g.
The duration of treatment is determined individually depending on the severity and form of the disease (from 5-10 days to 2-3 weeks or more).
For children: Children over 1 month of age are prescribed a daily dose of 100 mg/kg.
The daily dose is divided into 4-6 doses.
Indications
Pneumonia
- bronchopneumonia
- lung abscesses
- peritonitis;
- sepsis;
- sore throat;
- infections, including mixed
- urinary and biliary tract (pyelitis, pyelonephritis, cystitis, cholangitis, cholecystitis);
- infections of the gastrointestinal tract, including salmonella carriage;
- infections of soft tissues and other diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to the action of antibiotics.
Contraindications
Increased individual sensitivity (including to other penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems)
- Infectious mononucleosis
- severe liver dysfunction
- breastfeeding (must be suspended during treatment).
Side effects
Allergic reactions (urticaria, erythema, Quincke's edema, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, rarely - fever, joint pain, eosinophilia, extremely rarely - anaphylactic shock), nausea, vomiting, intestinal dysbiosis, colitis caused by C. difficale, oral candidiasis, vaginal candidiasis.
Release form
Tablets of 250 mg in package No. 20 (No. 10x2 in contour-free packaging).
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