§ 4. Vowels after hissing words 1. After hissing words (zh, ch, sh, shch), the letters i, yu, y are not written, but are written accordingly a, y, and, for example: seagull, farewell, miracle, squint, fat, sew . Exceptions: brochure, jury, parachute, pshute, fishyu and some other words of foreign origin. Note.

§ 12. Capital letters after punctuation marks 1. C capital letter The first word is written after the period, question or exclamation mark, or ellipsis at the end of the previous sentence. For example: Black evening. White Snow (Block). Won't you leave? No? (Chekhov). Forward!

VI. Vowels after sibilants and c in suffixes and endings § 35. Vowels o and e after sibilants 1. After sibilants, o is written under stress, in accordance with the pronunciation: a) at the endings of nouns, for example: dugout, turn (turn), listage, displacement, footage,

§ 35. Vowels o and e after sibilants 1. After sibilants, o is written under stress, in accordance with the pronunciation: a) at the endings of nouns, for example: dugout, turn (turn), listage, litrazh, metrage, installation, dummy, page , rack, ball, paralysis,

§ 4. Vowels after hissing words 1. After hissing words (zh, ch, sh, shch), the letters i, yu, y are not written, but are written accordingly a, y, and, for example: seagull, farewell, miracle, squint, fat, sew .Exceptions: brochure, jury, parachute, pshute, fishu and some other words of foreign origin. Note.

§ 12. Capital letters after punctuation marks 1. The first word after a period, question or exclamation mark, or ellipsis at the end of the previous sentence is written with a capital letter. For example: Black evening. White Snow (Block). Won't you leave? No? (Chekhov). Forward!

VI. VOWELS AFTER SISSINGS AND C IN SUFFIXES AND ENDINGS § 34. Vowels o and e after sibilants 1. After sibilants, under stress, o is written, in accordance with the pronunciation: a) at the endings of nouns, for example: dugout, turn (turn), leafage, displacement, footage,

§ 34. Vowels o and e after sibilants 1. After sibilants, o is written under stress, in accordance with the pronunciation: a) at the endings of nouns, for example: dugout, turn (turn), listage, litrazh, metrage, installation, dummy, page , rack, ball, paralysis,

Vowels not after sibilants and q Letters a - ya, y - yu § 1. Letters a, y are used: To convey vowels a, y at the beginning of a word and after vowels, for example: hell, scarlet, army, gasp, liana, oasis , Loire; mind, morning, bumpkin, spider, will teach. To convey the vowels a, u and at the same time to indicate

Vowels after sibilants and q Letters a, y § 13. After zh, sh, ch, sch, q the letters a, y are written (and not written i, y), for example: sorry, Zhanna, boundary; ball, noodles; hour, candle, silent; platform, raincoat; heron, father; creepy, I'll say; noise, Shura, enormous; feeling, silent; pike, forgive me; in a row, to father. Note 1. B

Letters i, s § 14. After zh, sh, h, sch the letter i is written (and s is not written), for example: fat, saffron milk cap, interpublishing, say, sew, reeds, clean, rays, shield, look. Note. In some foreign-language proper names, the letter y is written after h, for example: Truong Tinh (Vietnamese proper name). § 15.

The letters o and e after c § 22. After c, to convey the stressed vowel o, the letter o is written, to convey the stressed e - the letter e, for example: clatter, socle, dancer, dancer, dance, facing, crimson, face, face, cucumber , cucumbers, sheep; valuable, whole, tse (letter name), tsetse

The letter e after sibilants and c § 25. The letter e is written after the letters zh, ch, sh, c only in the following special cases.1. In abbreviations, for example: ZhEA (housing maintenance office), ZhES (railway power station), CHES (frequency electromagnetic sensing), CELT (color

Algorithm on topic « Spelling o, e (e) after hissing and c"

1) If the stressed vowel is in the root, look:

there is an alternation with e (silk-silk) - we write e; no alternation - write about (rustle);

2) if the vowel is in a suffix or ending, pay attention to the part of speech: in nouns, adjectives and adverbs, the accent is written about (bear, stranger, hot); in verbs and verbal formations it is written ё (save, stewed, condensed milk).

After ts under stress it is written O, without accent - e.

For example: base, coat, letter, cucumber, dancer, veneer, face;

glossy, veneer, dance, building, dress.

Spelling o, e, e after sibilants and Ts

e(e) at the root

Pay attention to the unverifiable writing. It will be useful and interesting to work with spelling dictionary.

* Write it down in a dictionary

junk (Chinese sailing ship)

jockey

juggler

hood

cruchon

major (musical joyful mood)

retoucher (doing retouching)

ratchet

chauvinism (extreme nationalism)

ramrod

highway

chauffeur

clatter

palazzo (palace)

Scherzo (musical piece at a fast tempo)

Individual control over the assimilation of the material can be carried out using tasks on cards.

You can use the following exercises to strengthen your spelling skills.

Insert vowels o and e after the words hissing in the roots.

yellowish

ts.. cat

f..m

h..rt

slap

sh..k

zh..rnov

prich..ska

prich..ska

w..ngler

voracious

stove

bitty

kryzh..vnik

sh..collady

h..porn

mouths

izzh..ha

cheap

sh..loch

Scotland

burned

highway

hood..n

arson-.g (n.)

pch..ly

ts..kotukha

light..g (verb)

w..bath

condensed...nka

ts.. when

heavy

stew... stewed

Please indicate the incorrect spelling of the words baked electric meter

clicking carved party acorn

slap half-whisper driver chocolate major demarcation condensed milk shock cookie

demarcation gluttonous shirt

pink-cheeked dude chewed

gall hood

driver trainee joker newlyweds cheap polygamy

Considering the great learning potential of dictations, of course, thematic ones should be constantly conducted.

* Copy using punctuation marks and inserting missing letters.

A little mouse with a purse in his hands wandered through the thicket. Chewing the pod..to the beans, he sadly looked at the circle..to the smoked sausage wrapped in a canvas rag..a lot. Exhausted after spending the night in the forest, Mouse was thinking about how hot his mother was, she would hug him, bake him some pies, and open a jar of stew. Then everything will be of no use to him! Soon it started to rain. Having covered himself with a cloak..m and putting on a hood..m, he led the flow..m and, stepping on the water, ran home..

* Copy using punctuation marks and inserting missing letters.

Tests according to the rule “O-Y after the hissing and c in different parts words and parts of speech"

Bear..nok - in the suffix of nouns under stress after hissing ones

is written e.

Zh..lob - at the root after hissing words it is written e, since there is a check word.

Ring..vaya - in the suffix of an adjective after ts not written under stress e.

Boiling... in the suffix of a verbal adjective after hissing is written e.

2. Provide the correct explanation for the spelling of the word.

Tush..nka - in the suffix of nouns under stress, a letter is written after the hissing ones O.

Burnt... in the participle suffix it is written after the hissing ones.

Nosh..y - at the end of nouns the letter is written without stress O.

Sh..rokh - in the root under stress after hissing words it is written O, since there is a test word.

3. Which answer option contains all the words where the letter O is missing?

A walrus B shower C seam D abbreviated

1. A D 2. A B C 3. A B 4 B D

4. Which answer option contains all the words where the letter E is missing?

A condensed..nka B careful..r C major..r D experience..r

1. A D 2. A B C 3. A B 4 B D

Algorithm on this topic « N and NN in suffixes of adjectives, participles, adverbs.”

1. The spelling of adjectives depends on the composition of the suffixes:

I write N in suffixes:

In- bee

An- sandy

Jan- silver

Remember:

glass, tin, wood

I write NN in suffixes:

They- organizational

Enn- straw

in words with a stem ending in N + suffix N

fog - foggy

Remember:

Windy (day), wind-powered (powered by the wind) engine, but windless.

Young, ruddy, pork, green, etc.

* There are as many N written in the short form as in the full form: foggy - foggy, windy - windy.

2. Spelling of participles.

NN is written in full participles that have one of the following conditions:

1) prefix, except NOT: scattered,

2) suffix -ova- (-eva-), -irova- lined, paved

3) dependent word: someone's mown meadow

4) formed from a perfective verb: decided.

Remember: wounded, wounded in battle.

N is written

in a word in the absence of all these conditions, as well as

in short participles: things are scattered.

3. Spelling adverbs.

There are as many N written in adverbs as in the word from which it is derived:

speaks abstractly (from abstracted),

speaks confusedly (from confused).

Spelling Н and НН in suffixes of adjectives and

participles.

In adjectives

Write it down in a dictionary.

desired

unheard of

unexpected

unexpected

inadvertent

unprecedented

blue

green

rosy

young

pork

windy (but chicken pox, wind turbine)

glass tin

wooden wounded (but wounded, wounded in battle)

Cards on the topic

1. Write down the numbers of examples in which one letter N is written.

1. silver watch

2. old weapons

3. swan song

4. incredible abilities

5. fake documents

6. sandy shore

7. lemon juice

8. hemp oil

9. an ordinary person

10.lecture material

11..lu...light

12. engine room

13.leather...chair

14.ice...oh wind

15.windmills

16.desk

17.s... old woman

18.wooden house

19. wet apples

20.confused answers

21. dried mushrooms

22. forged hoops

23.confident walk

2. Fill in the missing ones letters. Explain the spellings graphically.

1. oily stove

2. vymaz...os dress

3. gilded dish

4. gilded spoons

5. slaked or quicklime

6. mown meadow

7. uncut grass

8. meadow not mowed by collective farmers

9. boiled potatoes

10. boiled meat

11.potatoes boiled in a pot

12.drawn boot

13.waxed face

14. baited wolf

3. Identify misspelled words.

1. foggy haze

2. flighty friend

3. unspeakable silence

4. unplowed field

5. long shadows

6. silver watch

7. undeserved insult

8. mysterious adventures

9. seeded herbs

10. stone gate

11. canvas shirt

12.genuine feeling

13. worried face

14. unexpected meeting

15.this text

4. Determine the correct spellings of words.

1. paved street

2. silver cup

3. silver plated chain

4. woven tablecloth

5. woven carpet

6. gold-woven pattern

7. creamy ice cream

8. frozen meat

9. frozen fillet

10. fresh frozen fruit

11. fresh frozen vegetables

12. gold-plated product

13. autumn day -

14. dried berries

15. military affairs

16. paramilitary detachment

17. confident look

18. leather jacket

Tests according to the rule “One and two letters N in suffixes of adjectives and participles.”

1. Indicate the incorrect explanation of the spelling of the word.

Kamen..yy - the adjective has two letters НН at the junction of the stem ending in Н and the suffix –Н-.

Oroshen..a - in the suffix of the short passive participle one letter N is written.

Windy - in the adjective suffix -ENN- two letters N are written.

Asphalted..yy - two letters NN are written in the participle suffix, so the word has the suffix -IROVA-.

In what example does the rule apply to the highlighted word: “In the suffix of short passive participles, one letter N is written”?

The night is foggy..a

People acted skillfully and harmoniously..o.

Scientists are focused...on solving problems.

The participants of the hike are calm and relaxed.

3. In what example is one letter N written in a denominate adjective in the suffix –AN- (-YAN-).

Woven carpet.

Glass veranda.

Welcome guests.

Crimson flowers .

4. In what example does the rule apply to the highlighted word: “In the suffix –ENN- of adjectives formed from nouns, two letters НН are written”?

1. The grass is cut in the meadow.

2. Crazy gallop.

3. Straw hats.

4. Painted floors.

5. Give an example of an adjective in which НН is written, since it is formed from a noun with a stem in –Н using the suffix –Н-?

Linen factories

Silver plated dishes

Cologne smell.

Hardened metal

6. Which answer option contains all words with the same letter H?

And the Barkha... sands.

B Baked milk.

In the extinguished light.

G Written handsome man.

1. A B C 2. A D 3. C D 4. D

7. Which answer option contains all words with two letters НН?

A. Detained criminal.

B Painted table.

The Tin Soldier

G Silver tray.

1. A B 2 A B C 3 A 4 C

According to the rule "Spelling of adverbs."

1. Indicate the correct explanation of the spelling of the adverb.

Somewhere - it is written separately with a suffix That.

In French - written with a hyphen, as it is formed from an adjective using a prefix By- and suffix -ski.

A long time ago - written separately, since it is a complex adverb.

Somehow - after the console some written separately.

2. Indicate the incorrect explanation of the spelling of the adverb.

In your (trace) - written with a hyphen, as it is formed from an adjective

using the attachment By- and suffix -to him.

2. Wherever it is written with a hyphen, there is a suffix something.

3. By bearish - written with a hyphen, as it is formed from the adjective at

using the set-top box By and suffix yi.

4. Far away - written with a hyphen, since it is a complex adverb.

3. Which answer option contains all the words that should be hyphenated?

A (in) simple B (in) Turkish C exactly (c) exactly D side (about) side

1. A B C D 2. B C 3. A B D 4. B C D

4. Which answer option indicates all the words that should be written together?

A (c) on top B (on) tiptoes C (one at a time) D (one at a time)

1. A B D 2. A C D 3. A 4. A C

5. In what example does the rule apply to the highlighted word: “In adverbs formed from nouns, full adjectives and collective numerals by simultaneously attaching a prefix and suffix, the adverb is usually written together.

1. Laugh

2. Someone was walking

3. Increase by three.

4. Waste your time.

6. In what example does the rule apply to the highlighted word: “An adverb formed by combining a prefix with an adverb is written together.”

Remember forever.

During the journey.

Fatherly care.

Run away without looking back.

7. In what example does the rule apply to the highlighted word: “Complex adverb,

formed by repetition, is written with a hyphen.”

Willy-nilly.

Step by step.

In the end.

From side to side.

8. This adverb is written together.

One at a time

In Turkish

Unexpectedly out of the blue

Divide evenly

9. This adverb is written with a hyphen.

In a personal meeting

Cross to cross

Through thick and thin

Visit abroad

10. In what example does the rule apply to the highlighted word: “In an adverb I write the same number of Ns as there were in the word from which it was formed.”

Unexpected...oh

1. Organized..o

   Special..o

11. Which answer option contains all the adverbs ending with the suffix O?

B again...

Dry...

G early..

1. A B D 2. B C 3. A 4. A C

12. Which answer option contains all the words ending with the suffix A?

And from afar...

B red...

Easily..G trusting..

1. A B 2. C D 3. B D 4. A C

13. Which answer option indicates that all adverbs end in O?

A hot... B more... C melodious... D fresh..

1. A B D 2. C D 3. A D 4. D

14. Which answer option indicates that all adverbs end in E?

A brilliant.. B general.. C good.. D soothing..

1. A B D 2. C D 3. A D 4. D

Summary of a Russian language lesson in 7th grade on the topic

"Spelling of adverbs."

1. Lesson type: generalization and systematization of knowledge

2. Goals:educational(summarize knowledge on the topic “Spelling of adverbs”, prepare for practical work; developing(distinguish adverbs from other parts of speech) educational(to promote the development of cognitive interest in the subject, will and perseverance in achieving the goal.

3. Content selection:(didactic material, student report)

4. Method: reproductive (explanatory and illustrative)

5. Shapes: frontal survey, student reports, collective creative activity.

6. Control: independent work followed by self-test,

mutual control, answers to teacher questions

7. Result:

During the classes.

1. Organizational stage (Communication of the topic and purpose of the lesson.)

Today in class we are finishing repeating the topic “Spelling adverbs.” The purpose of this lesson is to learn how to correctly write adverbs and adverbial combinations, and also to prepare for the test dictation.

2. Checking homework.

The student prepared a message from history for us adverb formationalmost And in vain.

Checking homework (orally).

3. Updating the basic knowledge and skills of students.

Frontal survey.

What branch of the science of language studies the spelling of words according to the rule?

What is an adverb called?

Tell us about the spelling of adverbs with a sibilant at the end.

4. Stage of generalization and systematization of knowledge

1. Work with the card (write out adverbs, inserting where necessary, b) followed by self-test.

Underline the adverbs and insert a soft sign where necessary.

You'll kill..

at all..

backhand..

entirely..

married..

unbearable

good

hordes..

false..

you participate.

schools

young

hedgehog..

lilyuch..

already (n)

extra..

do you feel..

carcass..

namaz...those

unwell..

2 Group work (4 people each) on composing adverbs according to given patterns:

Form adverbs according to the given patterns. What are the rules about spelling

adverbs you used when making adverbs?

In-oh, on~o, something - …, …something, …-either, in~uyu, for-o, before~a, in his opinion, ~ - ~.

After completing the work, students read out the resulting adverbs, and one of the group tells one of the rules about

adverb spelling (suffixes O and A at the end of adverbs, hyphen, continuous and separate writing adverb)

3. Work “in a chain”. Write the adverbs in three columns: together, with a hyphen, separately.

Determine the continuous, hyphenated, and separate spelling of adverbs.

(without knowledge

why(that)

(exactly the same)

(in) three

say (from) shoulder

put on display

(c)awake

(from) side

(soon

ever

(until) full

(for) two

(tiuntka) (v) (tiuntka)

(line by) line

(by oneself

(French

(to)tla

(by) boar

(day after tomorrow

(Thirdly

business (deed)

praise (on) break friend

(more) more than a friend

(c) solid

(a little) a little

divide by three

(quietly)at attention

(some)where

(to the touch

Teacher's conclusion:

So, we have looked at the rules for spelling adverbs.

Do you understand everything?

4. Doing practical work (In a notebook or on a card)

Insert the missing spellings, open the brackets.

In mid-September, clear weather settled in (for) a long time, and the guys and I walked (a lot) in the forest, which was (not) nearby. We wanted to enjoy the last warmth, and we went into the forest (one by one), (by) two, (by) three,

One day my friends were looking for mushrooms for (several) hours in a row. The day passed (in) empty, but I didn’t want to return (with) anything. And then (in) the distance a small clearing appeared, in the middle of which stood a gnarled stump, completely strewn with mushrooms. It was a dream come true. The guys instantly became cheerful and rushed to the treasured stump. (C)began..they picked the mushrooms (in)discriminately and (in)shuffled them into the basket, but (in)soon they noticed that the whole clearing was dotted with chanterelles and milk mushrooms.

That day, friends (before) they fell, picked mushrooms, (before) filled their baskets, climbed.. lived (with) the most beautiful chanterelles (on) display and went (to) their backs, (un)controllably laughing and ( and) quietly teasing each other. In the evening everyone ate their fill of fried mushrooms.

5. Homework

Compose an oral story about the adverb.

6. Reflection.

Spelling the letters O and E after sibilants
In order to accurately write a dubious vowel (O or E) after sibilants (Zh, Sh, Ch, Shch) and not CHOKE, you must first find out in which part of the word the vowel being tested is located - in the root, suffix or ending. In addition, if the vowel is in a suffix or ending (in other words, outside the root), then you also need to know what part of speech the word being tested belongs to (that is, whether it is a noun, adjective, adverb, verb).

HOW TO CHOOSE A VOWEL AT THE ROOT OF A WORD?

1. At the ROOT WORD under stress, you need to write E if in other forms of this word or in words with the same root the letter E is written: WHISPER (because WHISPERS), BEES (because BEE), BLACK (because BLACK), YELLOW (because YELLOW), SHEL (because COME), etc. This is how most roots are written.
2. If it is not possible to find a test word, then after the hissing words, at the root, under the stress, you should write O: SEAM, RUSH, BLINDERS, HEARTBURN, GOOSEBERRY, GLUTTER, Clink Clinks, Slum. There are not very many such words, and they are usually remembered as exceptions.
3. If you have a word of foreign origin in front of you, then you need to write O after the hissing consonant at the root under stress, for example: HOOD, SHOCK, JUGGLE.

HOW TO CHOOSE A VOWEL IN SUFFIX AND ENDING?

1. In the SUFFIX of a noun, adjective, adverb, the letter O is written under stress: DOG-ONK-A, KAMYSH-OV-YY, HOT-O.
2. AT THE ENDING OF nouns and adjectives, the letter O is written under stress: DOCTOR-OM, BIG-OH.
3. In SUFFIXES of verbs, participles and all words formed from verbs, the letter E is written under stress: PECH-ET, YOU-KORCH-EV-YVA-TY, YOU-KORCH-EV-KA, PERE-SECH-YONN-YY , NIGHT-YOV-KA, LISH-YONN-YY.

DIFFICULT CASES

Please note that the nouns STEW, CONDENSED, OCHEVKA and some others are written with the letter E. The letter E is written in the suffixes of these words, since they are related in meaning to the verbs STEW, CONDENSATE and OCHEVAT.

Please note that the words RECHOVKA, MELOCHOVKA, PLASCHOVKA are written with an O. The letter O is written in the suffixes of nouns according to the rule stated above.

Please note that the word BECHEVKA is written with the letter E. The letter E is written because this vowel is part of the root and is verified by the word BECHEVA.

Separately, it is necessary to remember the rule of writing words with the root ZHOG / ZHEG.
If the word is a noun, then you need to write the letter O. For example: SEVERE BURN, ARSON COMMITTED TO A HOUSE. But when the word is a verb, it is written with the letter E. For example: SEVERELY BURNED MY HANDS, AN UNKNOWN MAN SET THE HOUSE BURNED, THE AUTHOR BURNED THE MANUSCRIPTS.

Exercise

1. – And why the hell didn’t I go straight to the archers! - Wartkin exclaimed bitterly. (M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin)
2. He was struck by the silence during the day and the rustling during the night. (M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin)
3. The bus stopped, and the driver said: “We’ve arrived.” (A. and B. Strugatsky)
4. At that very moment a mask appeared in front of him and put its hand on his shoulder. (M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin)
5. An Orlov resident went to them, hoping to feast on sterlets in Staritsa, but found that there was “only enough dirt” there. (M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin)
6. ...Looks into the field through the window bars, sees cheerful birds floating freely in the sea of ​​​​air ... (N. M. Karamzin)
7. He listened intently for some time. (A. and B. Strugatsky)
8. Below are lush, densely green flowering meadows, and behind them, along the yellow sands, a bright river flows (N. M. Karamzin)
9. Peace was soon concluded, and Erast returned to Moscow, burdened with debts. (N. M. Karamzin)
10. ...I would bow to him with a smile and say warmly: “Hello, dear shepherd” (N. M. Karamzin)
11. ...The sad story of those times when the ferocious Tatars and Lithuanians devastated the surrounding area with fire and sword... (N. M. Karamzin)
12. The enlightened reader knows that Shakespeare and Walter Scott both presented their gravediggers as cheerful and playful people. (A.S. Pushkin)
13. Dunya sat down in the wagon next to the hussar, the servant jumped onto the beam, the driver whistled and the horses galloped. (A.S. Pushkin)
14. The officer, inflamed by the wine, the game and the laughter of his comrades, considered himself severely offended. (A. S. Pushkin)
15. Honorable, but troublesome, and not so much honorable as troublesome, and in the end not honorable at all, but so... (A. and B. Strugatsky)
16. At the border of the illuminated space, a car with a canvas top was getting wet, and next to the car, two people in shiny raincoats were bending a third one, black and wet, to the pavement. (A. and B. Strugatsky)
17. A hefty big-lipped man with rosy cheeks, clicking his fingers as he walked and dancing, walked towards the counter. (A. and B. Strugatsky)
18. Victor took a step back. It was a patient from a leper colony - a “wetman”, or a “bespectacled man”, as they were called here for the yellow circles around the eyes - in a tight black bandage hiding the lower half of his face. (A. and B. Strugatsky)
19. Only once did he clearly and loudly say: “I don’t know.” (A. and B. Strugatsky)
20. And he took out a fountain pen and began to unscrew the cap, listening to his feelings with the interest of an outsider, and he was not surprised when he felt proud. (A. and B. Strugatsky)
21. Are you familiar with the toy called “Bad Wolf”? (A. and B. Strugatsky)
22. Firstly, maybe not with brass knuckles at all, but with a brick, and secondly, who knows where they can hit me in the skull? I could be hanged at any moment, so what, now – don’t leave the room? (A. and B. Strugatsky)
23. The two in cloaks turned around at once and looked at Victor for several moments from under their pulled-up hoods. (A. and B. Strugatsky)
24. Society, at least, would be sweetly sh_, and pale young men with burning eyes would tag along on your heels. (A. and B. Strugatsky)
25. I have a diseased liver, catarrh of the intestines and something else with my stomach. (A. and B. Strugatsky)
26. “You and I, our psyche is not adapted to such sh_ kam. (A. and B. Strugatsky)
27. And for a whole minute not a sound was heard, only some rustling, like fog, rustled, creeping over the ground. (A. and B. Strugatsky)
28. – Well, stop! - Sh_ then they said from the darkness and pressed something familiar into their chest. Victor automatically raised his hands. (A. and B. Strugatsky)
29. A jeep pulled up to the entrance, the door opened, and a young man with glasses and a briefcase and his lanky companion got out into the rain, covered with only a raincoat. (A. and B. Strugatsky)
30. Only Teddy, a shelter rat, a product of the port slums, could know such words_ b. (A. and B. Strugatsky)
31. There were illuminated shop windows and a neon-lit entrance to the cinema, where very identical young people of indeterminate gender, in shiny raincoats down to their heels, crowded under the canopy. (A. and B. Strugatsky)
32. Mr. President deigned to work himself up to the last degree, splashes flew from his fanged mouth, and I took out a handkerchief and demonstratively wiped my cheek, and this was probably the most courageous act in my life, except for the case when I fought with three tanks at once. (A. and B. Strugatsky)
33. – Has everyone read my works?
“Yes,” children’s voices responded. - Read... Everything...
“Great,” Victor said, puzzled. - Polish, although surprised. (A. and B. Strugatsky)
34. Either they will begin to look at each other in embarrassment, or their faces will light up with understanding, or a certain sigh of relief will sweep through the hall as a sign that the misunderstanding has been clarified. (A. and B. Strugatsky)
35. Diana sensibly reasoned that Rossheper, with all his abnormal gluttony, could not cope with such a mass of berries alone. (A. and B. Strugatsky)
36. Where is the bungee, he thought. Where did I put the bunge_? (A. and B. Strugatsky)
37. There were a lot of people here, some semi-familiar men and women, they stood in a circle and clapped their hands, and in the center of the circle Diana danced with that same yellow-faced dude, the owner of an eagle profile. (A. and B. Strugatsky)
38. This morning an investigator came to see me. You see, I’m in a brutal state of mind, my head is cracking, I’m sitting, looking out the window, and then this cudgel appears and starts doing business... (A. and B. Strugatsky)
39. He jumped up, turned on the light and, wincing from the pain in his eyes, began to grope for his clothes. (A. and B. Strugatsky)
40. Cars with their headlights on were crowded in front of the police department. (A. and B. Strugatsky)
The exercise was prepared by N. Gorbanev-Gamaleya and B.A. Panov (“League of Schools”)

Vowels O, e, Yo after sibilants and Ts (spelling)

Oh, Yo after the hissing w, ch, sh, shch

O is written

2. In suffixes of nouns under stress:

OK ,
eg: circle, hook, cockerel, borscht, jump, push, and in derivatives from such words: circle, hook, jump, etc.;

ONOK and -CHONOK,
eg: little bear, little mouse, little pebble, little barrel, little little arap; -onysh: uzhonysh;

-ONK(A) and -ONK(I),
eg: little book, little hand, shirt, vest, money, pants, rhymes;

-OVKA(A) (in denominative derivative words),
e.g.: siskin (female siskin), mousebird (rodent), chrychovka, small mouse;

-OB(A): thicket, chischoba (forest clearing); the same in the word slum, where the suffix is ​​not distinguished in modern language, and in the ironic formation khrushchoba, created after its model. Exception: in the word study it is written e;

OTK(A): ratchet;
-ovshchin(s): stabbing.

3. In the suffix of adjectives -OV-
e.g.: hedgehog, brocade, penny, canvas,

4. Also in nouns ending in -ovka, -ovnik, derived from adjectives with the suffix -ov- (-ev-):
e.g.: pear and pear (cf. pear), hacksaw (cf. knife and knife variant), cherry plum (plum), guzhovka (drawn), punshovka (punch), mite "heron with a pincer-shaped beak" (mite), dračovka ( drachovy, from drač "a kind of planer"), raincoat (cloak), rechovka (speech), hogweed (borscht), uzhovnik (uzhovy).
The word gooseberry is spelled in the same way, where the suffix is ​​not distinguished in modern language.

Note 1. Denominate nouns in –OVKA such as small things, hacksaw, raincoat should be distinguished from verbal nouns such as overnight.

Note 2. In Russian surnames there is a hissing + -OV (-ЁВ) is written ABOUT or Yo in accordance with tradition and with registration in official documents: cf., for example, Chernyshov and Chernyshev, Kalachov and Kalachev, Khrushchev and Khrushchev; Emelyan Pugachev.

5. In the suffix of adjectives and adverbs -OHONK-
eg: fresh, good, good.

6. In place of the fluent vowel o in nouns and adjectives,
eg: glutton, glutton, gluttonous (cf. eat), pulp (cf. press), burn, arson, overburn, heartburn (cf. burn, burned); trouble (cf. gen. n. rod), seam (seam); knyazhon (genus plural from princess), nozhon (genus plural from scabbard - an obsolete version of the word scabbard), scrotum, scrotum (genus plural and diminutive from moshna), intestines , kishochki (gender and diminutive from intestine), kvashonka (diminutive from kvashnya), koshomka and koshomny (from koshma), ochochki (from ochka), ochochko (from ochko), smeshon (short form of the masculine gender from funny);

This also includes words with the suffix -OK: hook, jump (kind of hook, jump).

However, in the words accounting, offset, account, account, calculation (cf. take into account, set off, begin, count, count out) the letter e is written

Note. Just like SMESHON, colloquial versions of the short forms husband are written when necessary. sort of
eg: terrible, must, need.

7. In those roots of Russian words where the vowel o after sibilants is always stressed and does not alternate with e (in the letter ё): zholknut (and zholknut), zhoster, zhokh, zazhor (and variant zazhora), zho; clink glasses, crazy, grebe, prim, clink, clink; shorkat, rustle, blinkers (and saddlery, saddler).
The word vechor (and vechoroshny) is also spelled, although it is related to the word vecher (and evening)
Some Russian proper names are written with the letter o, for example: Zhora, Zhostovo, Pechora (river), Pechory (city), Sholokhov.

8. In the roots of borrowed (foreign) words.

List of basic words:
borjomi, joker, junk, joule, major, dude, drum major, force majeure; anchovy, kharcho, choker; hood, gherkin, cruchon, offshore, torshon, shock, ramrod, shop, shorts, shorts, show;

The same in proper names,
eg: John, Georges, Joyce, Chaucer, Shaw, Shchors.

The letter E is written after sibilants

The spelling of verbs with the root ZhЁG should be distinguished from nouns with the same root with the letter O: burn, arson, burnout

8. In those roots of Russian words where the stressed sound O corresponds in other words or forms with the same root to a vowel (stressed or unstressed) conveyed by the letter E.

The following is a list of basic words with such roots (in parentheses, words with the same root or forms with the letter E after zh, ch, sh, shch are indicated).

Roots with the same combination:
chewed (chew),
gutter (gutter, groove, grooved),
yellow (yellow, yellowish, turn yellow, yolk),
acorn (acorns, stomach "small acorn", acorn),
bile, bile (cf. variants bile, bile; bile, bile),
wives, little wife, little wife, newlywed (wife, woman, woman, female, getting married, getting married),
perch (pole, perch, perch),
millstone (millstone, millstone),
hard, rigidity (hard, harsh),
sazhenki (sazhen and sazhen),
heavy (heavier, heavier, outdated heavier).

Roots with the combination CH:
twine (string, twine),
evening (evening, evening),
liver, hepatic (liver),
honour, honorable (honor),
bees, bee (bee, beekeeper),
account, account, offset, report, accounting, counter, counting, offset, accounting, cross-count, even, odd, even, rosary (count, count, recalculate, set off, take into account, deduction, accounts, accountant, odd),
cheboty (chebotar),
bangs, bangs, chela (plural) (brow, petition, ochelya), cheln (shuttles, shuttle),
cross out, cross out, cross out, cross out, cross out, underline (cf. option cross out; cross out, cross out, cross out, cross out, cross out, underline),
black (black, blacken, rabble, blackness, blackish),
callous, callousness (callous, callous),
damn, damn, devilish (devils, devils, devilish, devilish, devilish, devilishness),
dash (dash, devil, draws, draws, drawing),
comb, comb, comb, comb, comb, comb, comb, hairstyle, comb, comb, comb (comb, comb, comb, comb),
clear, clarity, distinct (rosary),
tap dancing (tapping).
Roots with a combination of she:
cheap, cheap (cheap, cheap, cheaper, get cheaper),
Koshevka (kosheva),
wallet (wallet, wallet),
millet, millet (millet),
lattice, sieve (plural), lattice (option: lattice; sieve, lattice),
silk, silky (silks, silky),
whisper, whisper (whisper, whisper, whispers),
wool, long-haired, short-haired (wool, woolly, woolly).

Roots with the combination ШЁ:
dandy (dandy, dapper, flaunt, flaunt),
cheeks, cheek, slap, buccal (cheek, cheeky),
tickle (tickle, tickle),
lye, lye (slit, cracks),
click, click (click, click),
lye, alkali (alkalis, alkaline),
puppy (puppy, puppy), brush (bristles).

Note. However, in proper names with the roots of the words listed in paragraph 8, the letter O can be written. In accordance with tradition and registration in official documents, the letter o is written in such proper names as, for example, Choboty (name of a locality), Chorny, Pshonnaya, Zholobov, Zholtikov (surnames).

8. In the Prepositional case of the pronoun WHAT
eg: about what, on what, as well as in the words how much, how much, and; in the word more.

9. In some borrowed words, where the letter e conveys under stress a special vowel sound of the source language, different from Russian o
eg wife-premier, Schönbrunn, Schönberg.

Letters o, e in place of unstressed vowels

2. In a number of words of foreign language origin, after zh, ch, sh, the letter O is written in an unstressed position. List of basic words: jonathan, jockey, juggler, majordomo, majoritarian, banjo, harmonic; chonguri, lecho, poncho, ranch, capriccio (cf. capriccio variant); chauvinism, chocolate, highway, driver; proper names, eg: Scotland, Jaurès, Chopin, Shostakovich, Boccaccio. Derivatives from words of foreign language origin with a stressed o after hissing words and forms of such words where the vowel after the hissing word is unstressed are also written, for example: shock (from shock), torshonate (from torshon), chokerovka (from choker), ramrod (plural). . from cleaning rod).
Note 1. The letter o is written after sibilants not under stress in words with the prefix inter- and in compound abbreviated words if it begins the second part of the word, for example: interregional, intercommunal, intersectoral, leather shoe.
Note 2. The letter o after hissing words not under stress is also written in individual formations not legalized by the literary norm, for example: zhokhovaty (from zhokh), stiff (from stiff), shoroshok ("barely audible rustle"), nasvezho (from fresh, according to the sample in rough form, completely).

Many people get confused with “o” and “e” at the root of the word. This is one of the rules of the Russian language that is easy to remember, but even so, most people misspell such words. To remember the rule about O and E after the hissing words at the root of the word, you need to look at the peculiarities of their use.

“O” is written when in the root, with or without stress after sibilants, this vowel cannot be verified by selecting a cognate word with “E”.

• Chocolate. When selecting words of the same root, “o” retains its position: chocolate, chocolate.
• To shock – shock, shock, shock therapy.

It is important to distinguish between the roots -zhog- and -zhog-: they have different lexical meanings. The verbs use “ё”: “Peter suddenly burned his hand while pouring tea.” In nouns, the root word is “o”: “Marina treated the burn herself with the help of oils and ointments.”

“O” is also written in some foreign words: highway, driver, chauvinism and all derivatives from them.

Note! In the words “stew”, “condensed milk”, “overnight” it is written “e”. In these cases, you need to look at the words they relate to. In this case, these are the verbs “stew”, “thicken”, “overnight”. Therefore, “е” in these words does not refer to the root, but to the suffix.

“Yo” in the roots of words after hissing words

“E” is written at the root of a word in cases where, when the form of the word changes, “e” appears in its place.

• Whisper. If you change the word to a verb, you get the word “whisper.” “e” appears at the root of the word, so “e” is used in the noun.
• Walked. If you change the word to other forms, for example, “who came,” the letter “e” appears at the root of the word, so it is correct to use “e” in the adjective.

If, when changing the number of a word or case, the stress shifts to another syllable, then the root of the word is also written “e”.

For example:

• gutter – gutters;
• millstone - millstone;
• liver - liver.

These two conditions - stress and alternation of “е” with “e” help to choose which letter to write at the root after sibilants.

“Yo” in the roots of words after hissing words

You can remember these rules using simple rhyming “memory notes”.

For example:

• Should I write O or E? Do not you know!

Then you change the word!

If “e” replaced “e”,

Then drop the “o” altogether!

• If you change a word and get an “e” at the root,

Then you can freely write “e” in it quickly, easily!

• Vowels o and e after sibilants

They confuse different children and adults,

But if the word can be changed,

And change the letter “е” to “e” there,

There is no need to think and guess for a long time,

But still write “e” with confidence!

• Don’t forget to write “o” or “e”,

If the rule is simple, you will know.

If you change the word, you get "e"

Then forget about “o” and “e” and write quickly.

How to remember the rule

For those who like sequence of actions when choosing a spelling, there is a sequence of actions that need to be followed in order not to make a mistake.

The algorithm for choosing a letter when in doubt includes the following steps:

1. Write down the word, identify the letter that is in doubt.
2. Determine whether a word belongs to
3. Choose several words with the same root.
4. Analyze changes in the root of the word: does the letter change or not?
5. If the letter has changed to “e”, then in the first form of the word you need to write “e”; if no changes occur, then in the root after the sibilants you need to write “o”.

Interesting fact! Often “e” is used instead of “e”. Many linguists claim that this is a gross spelling error. But in fact, the use of “е” is optional: it is mandatory in dictionaries, texts where emphasis matters, in books for schoolchildren, textbooks for foreigners. In other cases, its use is optional.