Here you can take a lesson on the topic: Future tense and the verb "will" in English language. Future Simple Tense and "will".

In English there are several ways to express actions in the future tense. So, for example, with the help of the phrase to be going to (plans and intentions), or with the help of tenses Present Continuous(pre-planned events) and Present Simple (schedules and programs).

However, the most important and ambiguous way of expressing the future simple tense in English is a short word will, which is both the future form of the verb to be and one of the modal verbs.

The form of the verb will is quite simple, since it does not vary in numbers or persons, and is used with the usual infinitive. The meaning of the word will is more complex, which we will look at in this lesson, along with its use in various offers and some distinctive features.

I. The first thing you should familiarize yourself with is conjugation of the verb will in affirmative, negative and interrogative form, using personal pronouns as an example. pay attention to possible reductions.

1. Below is the conjugation in affirmative, negative and interrogative forms:

(+)
I will (I"ll) - I will
You will (You"ll) - You will / You will
He will (He"ll) - He will
She will (She"ll) - She will
It will (It"ll) - He/She will (inanimate)
We will (We"ll) - We will
They will (They"ll) - They will

(-)
I will not (I won't) - I won't
You will not (You won't) - You won't / You won't
He will not (He won't) - He won't
She will not (She won't) - She won't
It will not (It won't) - He/She will not (inanimate)
We will not (We won't) - We won't
They will not (They won't) - They won't

(?)
Will I..? - Will I be..?
Will you..? - Will you..? / Will you..?
Will he..? - Will he..?
Will she..? - Will she..?
Will it..? - Will he/she..? (inanimate)
Will we..? - Will we..?
Will they..? - Will they..?

As can be seen from the examples, will does not change in any way, and this is quite convenient when composing sentences. The only noticeable changes are visible in the shortened negative form - won"t /"wəunt/.

2. Due to the fact that the verb will belongs to the modal group, he obeys many of the rules of this particular group. For example, after all modal verbs (except have to and need to) in sentences follows the infinitive(original form of the verb). For example:

He will call you tomorrow. - He will call you tomorrow.
I won't tell you her secret. - I won't tell you her secret.
Will she be back by next Sunday? -Yes, she will. -No, she won't. - Will she be back by next Sunday? - Yes. - No.
Where will you stay during your holiday? - Where will you stay during your vacation?

As can be seen from the examples, marker words are often used in the simple future tense: tomorrow (tomorrow), next week (on next week), next month (next month), in the future (in the future), in the coming year (in the coming year), soon (soon), in a week (in a week), in several days (in a few days) and etc.

The examples also show several features of interrogative sentences with the word will. First of all, these are short answers to general issues, which are mandatory repeat the verb will in affirmative and negative form. And the second feature is the ability to build special questions in the simple future tense with any question words (what, where, why, when, etc.) that are placed at the very beginning of the sentence.

II. The future tense verb will has many meanings. Let's consider each of them separately.

1. First of all, will, in contrast to the phrase to be going to, expresses spontaneous unplanned actions in the future. For example:

Fine, I"ll let you know when I"m free. - Okay, I'll let you know when I'm free.
- The phone is ringing. - I "ll answer it. - The phone rings. - I will answer.
I think, he will never call again. - I don't think he'll ever call again.

From the examples it is clear that these phrases express unplanned thoughts, i.e. that the speaker did not plan them in advance, but just decided. The last example also clearly demonstrates that instead of the particle not, the word never can be used to give a sentence a negative connotation.

2. The word will is often used in offers - promises. For example:

I will never leave you. - I'll never leave you.
It won't hurt, I promise. - It won't hurt, I promise.

3. Will is also used to express actions in the future that are inevitable. For example:

He will be far away at this time tomorrow. - He will be very far away by this time tomorrow.
I will turn 30 next September. - I will turn 30 next September.

4. One of the common uses of the word will is confident future forecasts and predictions. For example:

This card says that you"ll be happy with him. - This card says that you will be happy with him.
The weather won't change tomorrow. - The weather won't change tomorrow.

5. B the main part of conditional sentences of the first type the verb will is also often used. For example:

If it rains. I"ll wear a raincoat. - If it rains, I will put on a raincoat.
If you come with us, we"ll book a larger table. - If you come with us, we will reserve a larger table.

6. Will is also often used to express probable actions in future with expressions:
I think.., I hope.., I"m sure.., I"m afraid.., I promise.., possibly, probably, and some others. For example:

I think she will pass this exam. - I think she will pass this exam.
I promise that I"ll help you with your home task. - I promise I will help you with your homework.
I"m sure they"ll win. - I'm sure they will win.
I"m afraid he won"t come. - I'm afraid he won't come.
It"ll probably rain tonight. - It might rain tonight.
He'll possibly win this fight. - Perhaps he will win this fight.

III. In addition to the verb will, the modal verb shall is sometimes used to express the future simple tense. This is especially applicable to questions with shades of request (Request) or proposal(Offer). For example:

Shall we dance? - Shall we dance?
Shall I make you some coffee? - Shall I make you some coffee?
Shall I see you tomorrow? - Will we see you tomorrow?

In British English shall is considered to be used in ordinary affirmative sentences with the first person (I shall, We shall), however, these are slightly outdated expressions.

Quite often the future simple tense with the verbs will and shall is used in English sayings. For example:

Broken friendship may be soldered, but will never be sound. - A cracked friendship can be mended, but it will never be strong again.
No herb will cure love. - Love cannot be cured by any potions.
He that will eat the kernel must crack the nut. - Anyone who wants to eat nuts must crack them. / If you don’t crack the nut, you won’t eat the kernel.
We shall see what we shall see. - We'll see about that later./ It depends on how you look.
Many words will not fill a bushel. - You can’t fill a vessel with many words. / You won’t be full of conversations.
If the sky falls, we shall catch larks. - If the sky falls, we will catch larks./ If only, if only.
Hawks will not pick hawks" eyes. - A hawk will not peck out a hawk's eyes.
Not that will not when he may, when he will he shall have nay. - He who doesn’t want to when he can, won’t be able to when he wants to.
As the tree falls, so shall it lie. - As the tree falls, so will it lie./Where the tree leaned, that’s where it fell.

Thus, we became familiar with the future tense in English, as well as with the verbs of the future: will and shall. In addition, we looked at the form and place of the verb will in sentences, plus its many meanings.

For a small charge, try to translate the following sentences in English:

I think he will like this gift.
The weather will change for the better next week.
He promised that he would call me.
Can I help you with these heavy bags?
Can you help me?
If it's cold, I'll put on my warm coat.
I'm sure this team will win.
She probably won't come.
It might rain tomorrow.
I'm afraid this won't help.
Where should we celebrate this Christmas?

The verb will has two functions in English - a modal verb and an auxiliary verb, which is used to form the future tense. And it is not at all accidental that one verb performs these two, seemingly so different, functions. The fact is that in modern English the future tense always carries some additional connotation: either necessity, or compulsion, or desire. What is usually conveyed by a modal verb.

Will as a modal verb

The modal verb will means in English the speaker's determination or agreement to perform some action. In this meaning, the modal verb will is used only in affirmative sentences.
Examples:

We will help you.
We will help you. (we promise to help)

I don't like this job but I will work.
I don't like this job, but I will work. (agreement)

In interrogative sentences, the verb will adds politeness to the question or expresses a polite request.
For example:

Will you repeat open the door?
Could you please open the door?

IN negative sentences the presence of will speaks of persistence and perseverance in performing the action:

The plane will not take off.
The plane won't take off.

Will as an auxiliary verb

How to build sentences correctly

with the modal verb will?

As with other modal verbs, in affirmative sentences the modal verb will is placed immediately after the subject, and will is immediately followed by the semantic verb. For example:

We will help you.
We will help you.

Here we (we) is the subject, help (to help) is the semantic verb.

The presence of the modal verb will allows you to do without the auxiliary verb do:

• V interrogative sentence will is placed before the subject;
• In a negative sentence, the particle not is placed immediately after will.

Sentences in which will is used as an auxiliary verb are constructed according to the same rules.

Modal verb would

In addition, the verb would can act as an auxiliary verb when forming the tense future in the past. You can read more about this function of the verb would in the article

Often our lives change and we stop doing what we used to do. For example:

"When we were at university, we Always We had lunch at this cafe. When she came to rest, she Always stayed with us. When we went on vacation we Always went on excursions."

To talk about actions that were repeated in the past, we use would always. In this article I will tell you how to use this expression correctly.

From the article you will learn:

Difference between would always and used to in English

I think many of you are already familiar with the construction used to, which translates as “happened/before” and is a form of the past tense.

It is used to describe actions, situations and conditions that occurred in the past. For example, in the past you had long hair, but now you have short hair, or you once collected stamps, but now you don’t.

Would always translated as “before”, “always”, “before always”.

Just like used to, we use would always when we talk about an action that we did in the past, but are not doing it now. For example: As a child, he always climbed trees.

But there are differences between used to and would always.

1. Would always we use only when talking about action

Used to we can use in 3 cases when we say:

• about the action (she used to go dancing)
• about his condition (he used to be modest)
• about the phenomenon (was someone) (they used to be waiters).

Would always can replace used to only in the first case, when we are talking about an action that we did before.

Wrong:

He would always be teacher.
He used to be a teacher.

Right:

He used to be a teacher.
He used to be a teacher.

That is, we cannot use would always with the verb to be. We only use it when we speak about repetitive actions in past.

2. We don't use would always when talking about facts.

Would we always use only with actions that repeated many times in past.

Wrong:

He would always live in Moscow.
He used to live in Moscow.

He could not live in Moscow again and again (repetitive action), he lived there for some period (fact).

Right:

He used to live in Moscow.
He used to live in Moscow.

Let's look at an example of using would always:

He would always come to Moscow on vacations.
He used to always come to Moscow on vacation.

As you can see, he came to Moscow again and again, that is, the action is repeated. Therefore we can use would always.

Using would always in English

This form is formed very simply; after would always we put the verb in initial form. The outline of such a proposal would be:

Actor + would always + action

I
You
We		work
They	would always	smoke
She		come
He
It

She would always sleep until noon.
She used to always sleep until lunchtime.

They would always come late to work.
They always came to work late.

In addition: Also in English the following options can be used

• would constantly - used to constantly
• would often - often before
• would sometimes - sometimes before

We would often have coffee together.
We used to often drink coffee together.

They would sometimes give me presents.
They sometimes gave me gifts.

Using would never in English

If we say we haven't done something before, we use would never, which translates as “never before.” The outline of such a proposal would be:

Actor + would never + action

I
You
We		work
They	would never	smoke
She		come
He
It

He would never smoke when he studied at university.
He never smoked when he was at university.

She would never bring her young sister to the parties.
She never took her little sister to parties.

Questions with would always/never in English

We can ask a question with would always and would never. To do this, you need to put would first in the sentence. The outline of such a proposal would be:

Would + actor+ always/never + action?

	I
	you
	we		work?
Would	they	always	smoke?
	she	never	come?
	he
	it

Would they always go abroad on summer?
Did they always travel abroad in the summer before?

Would he never stay at home alone?
Has he ever been alone at home?

So now you know another construction to talk about actions that were constantly performed in the past. Let's consolidate the use of this design in practice.

Reinforcement task

Translate the following sentences into English. Leave your answers in the comments.

1. She used to always go by subway.
2. Has he never paid bills before?
3. They sometimes came late to the meeting.
4. We have never traveled abroad before.
5. She used to always play in the yard.

English modal verbs shall And will are used only in two forms: in the present tense - shall, will and in the past tense - should,would.

The infinitive after these verbs is used without the particle to:

I shall be busy on Monday. I'll be busy on Monday.
He will come soon. He'll come soon.
I said that I should be busy on Monday. I said I'd be busy on Monday.
He said that he would come soon. He said he would come soon.

IN colloquial speech The following abbreviations are used:
I will = I"ll
I would = I"d
he will = he"ll
he would = he"d
she will = she"ll
she would = she"d
we will = we"ll
we would = we"d
you will = you"ll
you would = you"d
they will = they"ll
they would = they"d
shall not = shan"t
will not = won't
would not = wouldn't
shouldn't = shouldn't

Verb shall used as an auxiliary verb in combination with an infinitive to form future tense forms with the 1st person singular and plural:

I shall be free tonight. I'll be free tonight.
Shall I see you tomorrow? I will see you tomorrow?
We shall not have an English lesson tomorrow. Tomorrow we will not have an English lesson.

In modern English, instead of shall usually used with first person will: I will be free tonight. We will not have an English lesson tomorrow.

Shall used in an interrogative sentence when addressing an interlocutor for orders or instructions. Shall in this case it has a modal meaning, giving the action a shade of obligation. In the corresponding Russian sentence, the verb is used in the infinitive form:

Shall I close the window? Close a window?
Where shall we wait for you? Where should we wait for you?
Shall he wait for you at the hotel? Should he wait for you at the hotel?

Shall used with the 2nd and 3rd person singular and plural in affirmative and negative sentences. In this case shall has a modal meaning, giving action in the future tense a shade of promise, command, threat, warning on the part of the speaker. Modal meaning in Russian shall conveyed with appropriate intonation:

Tell her that she shall have the books tomorrow. Tell her that she will receive the books tomorrow (promise).
You shall write your exercises at once. You will write the exercises immediately (order).

Shall used with the 2nd and 3rd person singular and plural in agreements, contracts and other documents. In this case shall has a modal meaning, giving action in the future tense a connotation of obligation. The corresponding Russian sentence uses the future tense or more often “must” with an infinitive:

The Buyers shall have the right to inspect the goods during their manufacture. Buyers should have the right (will have the right) to inspect the product during its production process.

Should(past tense form of shall) is used as an auxiliary verb:

1. with the 1st person singular and plural to form the Future in the Past forms of the indicative mood:
I said that I should be glad to see him. I said I would be glad to see him.

2. with the 1st person singular and plural to form the subjunctive forms used in the main part of conditional sentences of the second and third types:
I should go there if I had time. I would go there if I had time.

Currently, instead of should usually used with 1st person would(both in Future in the Past and subjunctive forms).

3. with all singular and plural persons to form subjunctive forms used in the following types of sentences:

a) in subordinate clauses of subjects starting with the conjunction that after phrases like it is desirable - desirable, it is necessary - necessary, it is important - important, it is strange - strange, etc. (in combination with Simple and Perfect Infinitive):
It is strange that he should have said it. It's strange that he said that.

b) in additional subordinate clauses, when the predicate verb of the main sentence expresses determination, demand, proposal, agreement, order (in combination with the Simple Infinitive):
He ordered that the work should be done at once. He ordered the work to be done immediately.

c) in additional subordinate clauses, when the predicate verb of the main sentence expresses a feeling of regret, surprise, indignation, joy, etc. (in combination with Simple and Perfect Infinitive):
It is a pity that it should be so. It's a pity that this is so.

d) in subordinate clauses of the goal (in combination with the Simple Infinitive):
I"ll ring him up at once so that he shouldn"t wait for me. I'll call him immediately so he doesn't have to wait for me.

e) in subordinate clauses conditions (in combination with Simple Infinitive):
If they should come, I shall speak to them about it. If they come, I'll talk to them about it.

e) in direct and indirect questions starting with why, to express strong surprise, bewilderment (in combination with Simple and Perfect Infinitive):
Why should you have behaved so? Why did you behave this way?

Should used as a verb with an independent modal meaning to express moral duty or advice with all persons singular and plural. Should in combination with Simple Infinitive is used when we are talking about the present or the future and is translated into Russian as “must, should, should, should”:

Shouldn't help them. He should (should, should, should) help them.

Should in combination with Perfect Infinitive used in relation to the past, expresses censure or reproach and is translated into Russian “should have, should have, should have, should have”:

Shouldn't have helped them. He should have (should have, should have, should have) helped them.

Should in combination with Infinitive Passive is translated into Russian “must, should, should, should” with the infinitive of the passive voice or “should, should, should” with the infinitive of the active voice:

This letter should be sent off at once. This letter should (should) be sent immediately. This letter should (should) be sent immediately.

In Russian, “should, should” can be used both in relation to the present or future, and in relation to the past. When “should, should” are used in relation to the present or future, they correspond to the combination should with the infinitive in the Simple form. When “should, should have” are used in relation to the past, they correspond to the combination should with the infinitive in the Perfect form:

You should (you should) do it now (tomorrow). You should do it now (tomorrow).
You should have (you should have) done this yesterday. You should have done it yesterday.

Should also used with a modal meaning in indirect speech depending on the verb in the past tense, when in the corresponding direct speech shall should be used with a modal meaning. Should in this case it is used according to the rule of tense agreement:

I asked him where I should wait for him. I asked him where I should wait for him.

Verb will used as an auxiliary verb in combination with an infinitive to form future tense forms with the 2nd and 3rd person singular and plural:

Will not come to Moscow soon. He will soon arrive in Moscow.

Will used with the 1st person singular and plural with a modal meaning, giving action in the future tense a connotation of desire, intention, consent or promise:

I will call on you tomorrow. I'll come see you tomorrow.
We will help him. We will help him.

Would(past form of will) is used as an auxiliary verb:

1. with the 2nd and 3rd person singular and plural to form the Future in the Past forms of the indicative mood:
Didn't say that he would come soon. He said he would come soon.

2. with the 2nd and 3rd person singular and plural to form the subjunctive forms used in the main part of conditional sentences of the second and third type:
Wouldn't go there if he had time. He would go there if he had time.

Would often used with 1st person instead should.

Would is used with a modal meaning with all singular and plural persons in negative sentences to express persistent reluctance to perform an action in the past and in this case is translated into Russian as “didn’t want to”:

Didn't try to persuade me, but I wouldn't listen to him. He tried to convince me, but I did not want to listen to him. I asked him several times to give up smoking, but he wouldn't. I asked him several times to quit smoking, but he didn't want to.

Would used to express a request:

Would you mind passing me the salt? Please pass me the salt.

Would used with all singular and plural persons to express a repeated action in the past with the meaning “happened”:

Wouldn't sit for hours on the shore and (would) look at the sea. He used to sit for hours on the shore and look at the sea.
The verb would in this case approaches in meaning to used (to). It should be borne in mind that in colloquial speech used (to) is used much more often than would.

Would used in indirect speech, depending on the verb in the past tense, with the 1st person singular and plural with a connotation of intention, desire or consent, when in the corresponding direct speech will should be used. Would