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Scientific theories about parallel worlds. Parallel worlds exist

As is known, quantum particles are capable of being in a variety of states, as well as in different areas at the same time, which is called “superposition”. The definition of the above concept arose back in 1957, and was already recognized by scientists at that time. Thanks to him, H. Everett's theory appeared, telling us about the multiworld. This specialist assumed that the ability of a quantum particle to be in several places is direct evidence of the presence of at least one parallel reality.

At the end of the previous year 2014, American scientists projected a supernova theory regarding the above:

In reality, there is a huge number parallel worlds, which can somehow influence each other by forces of rejection. These forces serve as the driving mechanism of all processes, thanks to which parallel realities gradually begin to differ from one another. Data distinctive characteristics increase with constant frequency.

The existence of parallel worlds contradicts the opinion of most scientists, who believe that the “world” exists in a single copy. Thus, everything in it must obey Newton's laws of mechanics. But how then can we identify unusual paranormal phenomena that occur at regular intervals? Their explanation is possible only by the presence of several (it is impossible to reliably say the number) parallel universes.

Theories

There are two incredible theories about parallel worlds that look as plausible and complete as possible:

1 Each of our steps or actions serves as a determination in which of the parallel worlds we will reside before making the next decision. Simply put, there is a certain world in which a person follows one road. At the same time, in another world, he will walk along a different road, as a result of which he will slip and injure his leg.

2 There are several similar parallel worlds in which history progresses and develops in different ways. For example, in one of them, America was discovered by Europeans, and in the second, by Russians. In one reality we are a super-developed civilization, and in the second we live at the level of development of savages. In one of the parallel realities or worlds, we are in full communication with extraterrestrial beings who pass on their experience to us, and in the second we are constantly at war, destroying our civilization. There are a lot of examples that can be given in this theory, but they will all have the same meaning.

I am not against parallel worlds and esotericism. According to her, anyone can visit a parallel world, accelerating their perception of reality at the molecular level. The above is the principle of time travel.

Do you think that parallel Universes are just an invention of science fiction writers? Not at all. Scientists around the world have long been approaching the solution to parallel worlds and are finding more and more evidencethat they really exist. Until now, scientists have limited themselves only to theoreticalmodels of parallel Universes, but over the past 10 years several scientificconfirmation of these theories.

The first confirmation was found during the study of a map of cosmic microwave background radiation.space. Let us recall that cosmic microwave background radiation is electromagnetic radiation in Space,which was discovered in the 20th century. Its existence was predicted by astrophysicist GeorgiyGamow, who is one of the creators of the Big Bang theory. According to this theory, inprimordial electromagnetic radiation must exist in outer space,appeared with the formation of the Universe.

In 1983, experiments were carried out to measure the cosmic microwave background radiation, as a result of whichIt turned out that the temperature of this radiation is not uniform throughout space. This is how maps of the cosmic microwave background radiation appeared, on which colder and hotter areas are marked. ExceptIn addition, accurate measurements of the spectrum of the cosmic microwave background radiation were made using satellites, andit turned out that it completely corresponds to the radiation spectrum of a completely black body with a temperature 2.725 Kelvin.

Let's go back to the present day. In 2010, scientists from University College London, studying mapscosmic microwave background radiation, discovered several round zones with anomalously high temperature radiation. According to scientists, these “potholes” appeared as a result of the collision of our Universe with parallel universes due to their gravitational influence. Scientists suggest that our worldis just a small “bubble” floating in space and colliding with othersworlds-Universes similar to it. There have been no fewer such collisions since the Big Bang.four, say the researchers.

Another confirmation of the theory of parallel worlds was discovered by mathematicians from Oxford. Byin their opinion, only the theory of splitting the Universe into an infinite number of parallel worldscan explain some phenomena of quantum mechanics. As is known, one of the fundamentallaws of quantum mechanics is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. This principle states that forIt is impossible to simultaneously determine the exact speed and exact location (coordinates in space and trajectory) of the same particle. And this is not a theory, this isa fact that scientists have encountered in advanced research. Trying to measure the particle's speed, they could not determine itlocation, and while trying to identify the position, they could not measure the speed. Thus,both began to be determined by probabilistic characteristics.

In general, all quantum mechanics is built on probabilities, since precise measurements in it are practicallyimpossible. Many scientists who undertook the study of quantum phenomena came to the conclusion thatour Universe is not completely deterministic, that is, it is only a collection

Probabilities. For example, the famous photon experiment, where a beam of light is directed atplate with slits, showed that in principle it is impossible to determine which photon passed throughwhat kind of gap, but you can create a so-called “probability distribution” picture.

Thus, scientists from Oxford concluded that it was Hugh Everett's theory of fissionuniverse into many copies of itself can explain the probabilistic nature of quantummeasurements. Hugh Everett is one of the founders of the theory of the existence of parallel realities. In the mid-20th century, he presented a dissertation on the topic of the splitting of worlds. According tohis theory, every moment our Universe creates an infinite number of copies of itself, and theneach copy continues to split in the same way. Splitting is caused by our decisions and actions,each of which has countless options for implementation. Everett's theory is longremained unnoticed and, of course, was not taken seriously. However, they remembered her afterfruitless attempts to explain the absolute uncertainty of quantum phenomena and states.

Of course, science fiction writers were the first to write about parallel worlds, but gradually their ideas migrated toscientific direction. Since then, the idea that the theory of parallel Universes has become stronger in the minds of scientistsmay become a new scientific paradigm in the future. Hugh Everett's ideas were developed and supportedsuch scientists as Andrei Linde - professor of physics at Stanford University, Martin Rees -Professor of Cosmology and Astrophysics at the University of Cambridge, Max Tegmark is Professor of Physics andastronomy at the University of Pennsylvania, etc. Perhaps very interesting discoveries await us in the future.

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Bubble universes and quantum foam

Quantum theory predicts that, at the subatomic level, the cosmos is a frenzy of subatomic activity involving particles and waves. And what we recognize as reality are just blemishes on the face of this quantum continuum.

Quantum mechanics suggests that in the world of subatomic particles, all probabilities occur in different places at the same time. Want to be in two places at once? Quantum mechanics says it's possible.

Start existence can be imagined as the seething boiling of a potential universal bubble that appears in the quantum foam of the continuum. When Quantum Appears bubble, it can grow and expand, becoming an expanding stellar universe. Perhaps an infinite number of expanding bubble universes could emerge from the sea of quantum foam.

The Universal Bubble Theory is based on the concept cosmic inflation, proposed by Alan Guth, Alexander Vilenkin and others. The universe we live in is just one bubble among countless bubbles rising from the quantum foam that is the basis for everything that exists.

In the vast sea of quantum space, there may be countless bubbles. But not all of them will exist according to the same rules and under the same physics that governs our world.

11 dimensions

Some of these worlds may be four-dimensional like ours. While others can fold into seven, eleven or more dimensions. In one bubble universe, you can fly in all directions without restrictions. Whereas in our physics the laws of Newton and Einstein describe such restrictions.

Bubble universes that are close to each other can even stick together. At least temporarily, creating holes and cracks in the outer membrane. If they come together, then perhaps some of the physical materials from one bubble can be transferred to the other. Now you know where the strange material growing inside the refrigerator came from. He's from another dimension.

Scientists Paul Steinhardt and Neil Turok suggest that there was no Big Bang. Rather, we arose in an endless cycle of cosmic collisions. Possibly associated with alternating bubble Universes. This explains the discovery of researcher Ranga-Rama Chari in 2015 - our Universe could collide with another Universe. Whether this collision was mild is unknown. But based on an analysis of the cosmic background, he discovered mysterious luminous spots. They may be a “bruise” resulting from a collision with a parallel Universe.

Everett's Many Worlds

As theoretical physicist Hugh Everett argued, the universal wave function is “a fundamental entity governed at all times by a deterministic wave equation” (Everett, 1956). Thus the wave function is real and independent of the observer or other mental postulates (Everett 1957), although it is still subject to quantum entanglement.

In Everett's formulation, the measuring device (MA) and the object systems (OS) form a composite system. Until the moment of measurement, it exists in well-defined (but time-dependent) states. The measurement is considered to be the cause of the interaction between MA and OS. Once the OS interacts with the MA, it is no longer possible to describe any system as an independent state. According to Everett (1956, 1957), the only meaningful descriptions of each system are relative states. For example, the relative state of OS given the state of MA or the relative state of MA given the state of OS. As Hugh Everett argued, what the observer sees and Current state object, connected by the very act of measurement or observation; they are confused.

However, Everett reasoned that since the wave function appeared to have changed at the time it was observed, then there was no need to actually assume that it had changed. According to Everett, the collapse of the wave function is redundant. Thus, there is no need to include wavefunction collapse in quantum mechanics. And he removed it from his theory, keeping the wave function, which includes the probability wave.

According to Everett (1956), the collapsed state of an object and its associated observer who observed the same outcome were correlated by the act of measurement or observation. That is, what the observer perceives and the state of the object becomes entangled.

However, instead of the collapse of the wave function, the choice is made from a set possible options. So among all the possible probable outcomes, the outcome becomes a reality.

There is a world for everyone

Everett argued that the experimental apparatus should be viewed quantum mechanically. Combined with the wave function and the probable nature of reality, this led to the “many worlds” interpretation (Dewitt, 1971). The object of measurement and the measuring apparatus/observer are located in two different states, that is, in different “worlds”.

When a measurement (observation) is made, the world unfolds into a separate world for each possible outcome depending on their probability. All probable outcomes exist regardless of how likely or unlikely it is. And each result represents a separate “world”. In each world, the measuring apparatus indicates which outcome is obtained and which probable world becomes reality for that observer (Dewitt, 1971; Everett, 1956, 1957).

Therefore, predictions are based on calculations of the probability that an observer will find himself in a particular world. Once an observer enters another world, he is unaware of other worlds that exist in parallel. Moreover, if he changes worlds, he will no longer know that another world exists (Everett, 1956, 1957): all observations become consistent and even include the memory of a past existence in another world.

Interpretation of "many worlds"

(formulated by Bryce Devitt and Hugh Everett), rejects wave function collapse. Instead, it embraces the universal wave function. It represents a common objective reality consisting of all possible futures. All of them are real, and exist as alternate realities in several Universes. What separates these multiple worlds is quantum decoherence.

The present, future and past are seen as having several branches. Like an infinite number of roads leading to endless outcomes. Thus, the world is both deterministic and indeterministic (this is represented by chaos or random radioactive decay). And there are countless possibilities for the future and the past.

As described by Brice Dewitt (1973; Dewitt, 1971): “This reality, jointly described by the dynamic variables and the state vector, is not the reality we usually think of. It is a reality consisting of many worlds. Due to the temporal development of dynamic variables, the state vector naturally breaks up into orthogonal vectors, reflecting the continuous splitting of the Universe into many mutually unobservable, but equally real worlds, in each of which each measurement gave a certain result, and in most of them the known statistical quantum laws are observed." .

Devitt talks about a many-worlds interpretation of Everett's work. He argues that there can be a split in the unified observer-object system. This is a divisive observation. And each split corresponds to different or multiple possible results observations. Each split is a separate branch or path. "World" refers to one branch and includes full story measurements of the observer relative to that single branch which is a world unto itself. However, each observation and interaction can cause a split or branch in such a way that the combined observer-object wave function changes into two or more non-interacting branches, which can split into many "worlds", depending on which ones are more likely. The splitting of worlds can continue indefinitely.

Since there are countless observable events,

constantly happening, exists great amount simultaneously existing states or worlds. All of them exist in parallel, but which can get confused. And this means that they cannot be independent of each other and relate to each other. This concept is fundamental to the concept of quantum computing.

Likewise, in Everett's formulation these branches are not completely separate. They are subject to quantum interference and entanglement. So they can merge rather than separate from each other, thereby creating one reality. But if they split, multiple worlds are created. This leads to the question: what if there is something that separates Are these universes apart? Could it be dark matter?

Multiplayer mathematics

“Mathematics is a tool with which you can describe any event in such a way that it is completely independent of human perception. I truly believe that there is a universe that can exist independently of me. And it will continue to exist even if there were no people at all,” says Max Tegmark, a professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

It is argued that the theory of mathematical multiverse is the most objective perspective on multiple universes. Proponents of mathematical universes argue that mathematics is not a symbol of physical reality. It only summarizes the existing reality. The numbers are not separate language, which describes real physical things. Numbers are the thing.

The mathematical universe is based on two factors. First, the physical world is a mathematical structure. Second, all mathematical structures exist somewhere else. You and I and the cat are symbols of a mathematical structure. Mathematical multiversion requires us to abandon the idea of subjective reality. Reality is not based on our perception of it, and we do not “create our own reality”—at least according to this view. There is a reality independent of our perception. And the way we perceive and communicate this reality is just a shallow human approximation of the ultimate mathematical truth.

From this theory we get the conclusion that our Universe is simply a computer simulator.

Could parallel worlds be responsible for the “lost” mass of our Universe?

Much of the matter in our Universe appears to have gone missing. Cosmologists and astrophysicists cannot find it. For example, based on data collected spacecraft The European Space Agency's Planck stated that we only see 4.9% of the Universe. Another 68.3% are dark forces and pure energy, with the remaining 26.8% reserved for dark matter. Even an ultra-precise 15-month survey of space by the European Space Agency's Planck spacecraft could only detect less than 5% of the total. So where is all this mass?

Perhaps the missing substance is safely stored in a parallel Universe...

The belief in the existence of invisible neighbors borders on fantasy. Or with a sick imagination. That's what the skeptics say. And supporters stand their ground and give as many as 10 arguments in favor of an alternative reality.

1. Many-Worlds Interpretation

The question of the uniqueness of all things worried great minds long before the authors of science fiction novels. The ancient Greek philosophers Democritus, Epicurus and Metrodorus of Chios thought about it. About alternate universes It is also said in the sacred texts of Hindus.

For official science, this idea was born only in 1957. American physicist Hugh Everett created the theory of many worlds, designed to fill gaps in quantum mechanics. In particular, find out why light quanta behave either like particles or like waves.

According to Everett, each event leads to a split and copying of the Universe. In this case, the number of “clones” is always equal to the number possible outcomes. And the sum of the central and new universes can be depicted in the form of a branched tree.

2. Artifacts of unknown civilizations

Some finds baffle even the most experienced archaeologists.

For example, a hammer discovered in London, dated to 500 million BC, that is, a period when there was not even a hint of Homosapiens on Earth!

Or a computational mechanism that allows you to determine the trajectory of stars and planets. A bronze analogue of the computer was caught in 1901 near the Greek island of Antikythera. Research on the device began in 1959 and continues to this day. In the 2000s, it was possible to calculate the approximate age of the artifact - 1st century BC.

So far there is nothing indicating a fake. Three versions remain: the computer was invented by representatives of an unknown ancient civilization, lost by time travelers or... planted by people from other worlds.

3. Teleportation Victim

Misterious story Spaniard Lerin Garcia's life began on an ordinary July morning when she woke up in an alien reality. But I didn’t immediately understand what had happened. It was still 2008, Lerin was 41 years old, she was in the same city and house where she went to bed.

Only the pajamas and bedding changed colors dramatically overnight, and the closet ran into another room. The office where Lerin worked for 20 years was not there. Soon the ex-fiancé, who had been dismissed six months ago, materialized “at home.” Even a private detective could not figure out where the current friend of his heart had gone...

Alcohol and drug tests were negative. As well as consultation with a psychiatrist. The doctor attributed the incident to stress. The diagnosis did not satisfy Lerin and prompted her to search for information about parallel worlds. She was never able to return to her native dimension.

4. Deja vu in reverse

The essence of deja vu does not boil down to the vague feeling of “repetition” familiar to many and everyday foresight. This phenomenon has an antipode - jamevu. People who have experienced it suddenly stop recognizing familiar places, old friends and scenes from films they have watched. Regular jamevues indicate mental disorders. And isolated and rare memory failures also occur in healthy people.
A striking illustration is the experiment of English neuropsychologist Chris Moulin. 92 volunteers had to write the word “doors” 30 times in a minute. As a result, 68% of subjects seriously doubted the existence of the word. A glitch in thinking or instantaneous leaps from reality to reality?

5. The Roots of Dreams

Despite the abundance of research methods, the reason for the appearance of dreams still remains a mystery. According to the generally accepted view of sleep, the brain merely processes information accumulated in reality. And it translates it into pictures - the most convenient format for the sleeping mind. Solution number two - nervous system sends chaotic signals to the sleeping person. They are transformed into colorful visions.

According to Freud, in dreams we gain access to the subconscious. Freed from the censorship of consciousness, it hastens to tell us about repressed sexual desires. The fourth point of view was first expressed by Carl Jung. What you see in a dream is not a fantasy, but a specific continuation full life. Jung also saw a code in the dream images. But not from suppressed libido, but from the collective unconscious.
In the middle of the last century, psychologists started talking about the possibility of controlling sleep. Appropriate manuals have appeared. The most famous was the three-volume instruction manual by American psychophysiologist Stephen LaBerge.

6. Lost between two Europes

In 1952, a strange passenger appeared at Tokyo airport. Judging by the visas and customs stamps in his passport, he has flown to Japan many times over the past 5 years. But in the “Country” column there was a certain Taured. The owner of the document assured that his homeland was European state with a thousand-year history. The “alien” presented a driver’s license and bank statements obtained in the same mysterious country.

Citizen Taured, no less surprised than the customs officers, was left overnight at a nearby hotel. The immigration officers who arrived the next morning did not find him. According to the receptionist, the guest did not even leave the room.

Tokyo police have found no trace of the missing Taured. Either he escaped through a window on the 15th floor, or he managed to transport himself back.

7. Paranormal activity

“Alive” furniture, noises of unknown origin, ghostly silhouettes hovering in the air in photographs... Meetings with the dead occur not only in the movies. For example, many mystical incidents in the London underground.

At Aldwych station, which closed in 1994, intrepid Brits hold parties, make films and periodically see a female figure walking along the tracks. The subway section near the British Museum is occupied by the mummy of an ancient Egyptian princess. Since the 1950s, a dandy has been frequenting Covent Garden, dressed in the fashion of the late 19th century and literally melting before our eyes when anyone pays attention to him...

Materialists brush aside dubious facts, believing

contacts with spirits, hallucinations, mirages and outright lies of storytellers. Then why has humanity clung to ghost stories for centuries? Perhaps the mythical kingdom of the dead is one of the alternative realities?

8. Fourth and fifth dimensions

Visible to the eye length, height and width have already been studied up and down. The same cannot be said about the other two dimensions, which are absent in Euclidean (traditional) geometry.

Science community has not yet delved into the intricacies of the space-time continuum discovered by Lobachevsky and Einstein. But there has already been talk about a higher – fifth – dimension, accessible only to those with psychic talents. It is also open to those who expand consciousness through spiritual practices.

If we put aside the guesses of science fiction writers, almost nothing is known about the non-obvious coordinates of the Universe. Presumably, it is from there that supernatural beings come into our three-dimensional space.

9. Rethinking the double-slit experiment

Howard Weissman is convinced that the duality of the nature of light is the result of the contact of parallel worlds. The Australian researcher's hypothesis connects Everett's many-worlds interpretation with the experience of Thomas Young.

The father of the wave theory of light published a report on the famous double-slit experiment in 1803. Jung installed a projection screen in the laboratory, and in front of it was a dense screen-screen with two parallel slits. Then light was directed onto the cracks made.

Some of the radiation behaved like electromagnetic wave– stripes of light were reflected on the rear screen, passing straight through the slits. Another half of the light flux appeared as a cluster elementary particles and scattered across the screen.
“Each of the worlds is limited by the laws of classical physics. This means that without their intersection, quantum phenomena would simply be impossible,” explains Weissman.

10. Large Hadron Collider

The multiverse is not just theoretical model. French astrophysicist Aurélien Barrot came to this conclusion while observing the operation of the Large Hadron Collider. More precisely, the interaction of protons and ions placed in it. The collision of heavy particles produced results incompatible with conventional physics.

Barro, like Weissman, interpreted this contradiction as a consequence of the collision of parallel worlds.

The idea of the existence of parallel worlds became especially popular after astrophysicists proved that our Universe has a limited size - about 46 billion light years and a certain age - 13.8 billion years.

Several questions arise at once. What lies beyond the boundaries of the Universe? What was there before its emergence from the cosmological singularity? How did the cosmological singularity arise? What does the future hold for the Universe?

The hypothesis of parallel worlds gives a rational answer: in fact, there are many universes, they exist next to ours, they are born and die, but we do not observe them, because we are not able to go beyond our own three-dimensional space, just as a beetle crawling along one side of a paper sheet is unable to see a beetle located next to it, but on the other side of the sheet.

However, it is not enough for scientists to accept a beautiful hypothesis that will streamline our understanding of the world, reducing it to everyday ideas - the presence of parallel worlds should manifest itself in different physical effects. And this is where the rub arose.

When the fact of the expansion of the Universe was comprehensively proven, and cosmologists began to build a model of its evolution from the moment of the Big Bang to the present, they were faced with a number of problems.

The first problem is related to the average density of matter, which determines the curvature of space and, in fact, the future of the world we know. If the density of matter is below critical, then its gravitational influence will be insufficient to reverse the initial expansion caused by the Big Bang, so the Universe will expand forever, gradually cooling to absolute zero.

If the density is higher than the critical one, then, on the contrary, over time the expansion will turn into compression, the temperature will begin to rise until a fiery superdense object is formed. If the density is equal to critical, then the Universe will balance between the two named extreme states. Physicists have calculated the critical density value - five hydrogen atoms per cubic meter. This is close to critical, although according to theory it should be much less.

The second problem is the observed homogeneity of the Universe. Microwave cosmic microwave background radiation in zones of space separated by tens of billions of light years looks the same. If space were expanding from some kind of super-hot singularity, as the Big Bang theory states, then it would be “lumpy,” that is, different intensities of microwave radiation would be observed in different zones.

The third problem is the absence of monopoles, that is, hypothetical elementary particles with a non-zero magnetic charge, the existence of which was predicted by theory.

Trying to explain the discrepancies between the Big Bang theory and real observations, the young American physicist Alan Guth proposed in 1980 an inflationary model of the Universe (from inflatio - “inflating”), according to which starting moment of its birth, in the period from 10^-42 seconds to 10^-36 seconds, the Universe expanded 10^50 times.

Since the model of instantaneous “bloating” removed the problems of the theory, it was enthusiastically accepted by the majority of cosmologists. Among them was the Soviet scientist Andrei Dmitrievich Linde, who undertook to explain how such a fantastic “bloating” occurred.

In 1983, he proposed his own version of the model, called the “chaotic” theory of inflation. Linde described a certain infinite proto-universe, physical conditions which, unfortunately, we are not aware of. However, it is filled with a “scalar field”, in which “discharges” occur from time to time, as a result of which “bubbles” of universes are formed.

The “bubbles” quickly inflate, which leads to a sudden increase in potential energy and the emergence of elementary particles, which then make up matter. Thus, inflation theory provides justification for the hypothesis of the existence of parallel worlds, like an infinite number of “bubbles” inflating in an infinite “scalar field”.

If we accept inflation theory as a description of the real world order, then new questions arise. Do the parallel worlds it describes differ from ours or are they identical in everything? Is it possible to get from one world to another? What is the evolution of these worlds?

Physicists say that there can be an incredible variety of options. If in any of the newborn universes the density of matter is too high, then it will collapse very quickly. If the density of the substance, on the contrary, is too low, then they will expand forever.

It is suggested that the notorious “scalar field” is also present inside our Universe in the form of so-called “dark energy”, which continues to push galaxies apart. Therefore, it is possible that a spontaneous “discharge” may occur in our country, after which the Universe will “bloom into a bud”, giving birth to new worlds.

Swedish cosmologist Max Tegmark even put forward a mathematical universe hypothesis (also known as the Finite Ensemble), which states that any mathematically consistent set of physical laws corresponds to its own independent, but very real universe.

If physical laws in neighboring universes are different from ours, then the conditions for evolution in them may be very unusual. Let's say there are more stable particles, such as protons, in some universe. Then there must be more chemical elements, and life forms are much more complex than here, since compounds like DNA are created from more elements.

Is it possible to reach neighboring universes? Unfortunately no. To do this, as physicists say, you need to learn to fly faster speed light, which looks problematic.

Although the Gutha-Linde inflationary theory is generally accepted today, some scientists continue to criticize it, proposing their own models of the Big Bang. In addition, it has not yet been possible to detect the effects predicted by the theory.

At the same time, the very concept of the existence of parallel worlds, on the contrary, is finding more and more supporters. A careful study of the map of microwave radiation revealed an anomaly - a “relict cold spot” in the constellation Eridanus with an unusually low level radiation.

Professor Laura Mersini-Houghton from the University of North Carolina believes that this is an "imprint" of a neighboring universe from which ours may have been "inflated" - a kind of cosmological "belly button".

Another anomaly, called the "dark stream", is associated with the movement of galaxies: in 2008, a team of astrophysicists discovered that at least 1,400 clusters of galaxies are hurtling through space in a specific direction, driven by mass beyond the visible Universe.

One of the explanations, proposed by the same Laura Mersini-Houghton, is that they are attracted by the neighboring “mother” universe. For now, such assumptions are considered speculation. But, I think, the day is not far off when physicists will dot all the i’s. Or they will offer a new beautiful hypothesis.