Home Orthopedics Biochemical blood test: how long it takes to do, how many days to prepare. Biochemical blood test: decoding Why biochemistry is done

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Biochemical blood test: how long it takes to do, how many days to prepare. Biochemical blood test: decoding Why biochemistry is done

Often, a biochemical blood test is prescribed by a doctor if a general analysis reveals some pathologies. Also, all patients over 45-50 years old are recommended to undergo annual preventive examinations and at the same time undergo “biochemistry”. The doctor will tell you what the result will show at your appointment. Let's take a closer look at what it represents this analysis blood.

Why are they sent to biochemistry?

So, what will a biochemical blood test show? As a rule, the doctor most often prescribes it to determine an accurate diagnosis. But often biochemistry is done during the treatment process, when the diagnosis is already known, it allows you to control the process and results of treatment. A biochemical blood test will give an accurate clinical picture. What will it show? The presence of inflammation, anemia, allergic reactions, infections, blood clotting disorders. The following analysis is necessary for diseases:

kidney;
hepatobiliary system;
endocrine disorders;
musculoskeletal system;
hearts;
blood.

Interesting Facts. Blood in total makes up 6 to 8% of the mass of an adult. For a child - 8-9%. The body contains on average 5 to 6 liters of blood.

Preparation and blood collection procedure

If you have to do a biochemical blood test, what the result will show largely depends on how you prepared for the study. The rules are very simple. They are easy to follow:

At least 8 hours before taking blood, you need to avoid sweet and carbonated drinks, do not eat anything, and do not smoke.

Limit your consumption to plain water. It is for these reasons that biochemistry is prescribed early in the morning.

You must completely give up alcohol within two days.

If you take vitamin complexes or dietary supplements, you will have to take a break.

If you are using significant medications, you should definitely inform your doctor about this, he will explain what to do in this case.

The day before the analysis, refrain from physical activity, saunas and steam baths.

Spend the day in peace, without stress. All of these factors can affect the results.

Blood for biochemical analysis is taken from a vein. The most convenient place to take blood is the elbow. But in cases where there is no access to it, you can take blood elsewhere. Before the puncture, the area is treated with an antiseptic. Blood is drawn into a sterile tube in an amount of 5 to 10 ml. Such blood loss is insignificant for the patient.

What does a biochemical analysis of blood from a vein show? Decoding

In practice, there is a difference between basic and advanced biochemical blood tests. It is not practical to identify absolutely all indicators. If this is required, the doctor will indicate this. Basic analysis indicators are always assigned, these include:

Direct and indirect bilirubin.
Total protein.
ALT, AST.
Urea.
Creatinine.
Cholesterol.
Glucose.
Electrolytes.

In many clinics, a biochemical blood test is ready the very next day. The doctor will interpret what the result shows. Patients themselves are unlikely to understand the indicators. This requires special knowledge. For general information purposes, we provide information on the breakdown of biochemistry.

Squirrels

What does a biochemical test of blood from a vein show in the “Total Protein” column? The total concentration of all proteins in the blood serum. If this indicator is too high, then perhaps there is some kind of infection in the body. An overestimation also indicates rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatism or dehydration (with diarrhea or vomiting). If the protein is low, then this may be due to diseases of the pancreas, kidneys, liver, intestines, as well as tumor processes and bleeding.

Interesting fact. The blood of a healthy person is constantly renewed. Five billion white blood cells, a billion red blood cells and two billion platelets die every hour. They are replaced by new cells produced by the bone marrow. Every day 25 g of blood is renewed.

Lipids

The normal value is 4.6-7.0 g/l. If blood lipids are elevated, this may be a sign of hepatitis, diabetes, or obesity. A separate study of the lipid - cholesterol. Its normal value is 3.0-6.0 mmol/l. Elevations are caused by liver disease, hypothyroidism, alcohol abuse, and atherosclerosis. Cholesterol may also be elevated in pregnant women and when taking oral contraceptives. A low total cholesterol level indicates impaired fat absorption and hyperthyroidism.

Carbohydrates

This indicator is otherwise called blood glucose or “sugar”. Most important indicator in carbohydrate metabolism. An increase is observed with diabetes mellitus, pheochromocytoma, acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome, diseases of the pancreas, kidneys and liver, as well as with emotional and physical overload. If the indicator is below normal, then perhaps it’s all due to insufficient nutrition (often with diets), or an overdose of insulin. Low sugar can occur due to diseases of the pancreas, improper functioning of the endocrine glands, as well as tumors.

Inorganic substances, vitamins

The attending physician should tell and show the norm of the biochemical blood test.

Iron. The norm for men is from 11.6 to 30.4 mmol/l, for women this figure is from 8.9 to 30.4. For children, the norm will be from 7.1 to 21.4 mol/l. This indicator increases with sickle cell anemia, hemolytic anemia, with acute leukemia, as well as with uncontrolled use of iron supplements. A reduced rate indicates hypothyroidism, iron deficiency anemia, hidden bleeding, and malignant neoplasms.

Potassium. Elevated potassium indicates dehydration, cell damage, and acute adrenal or liver failure. Decreased - with a lack of potassium in food, a consequence of prolonged diarrhea and vomiting, impaired renal function.

Calcium. An increase in the norm can occur with malignant tumors (when the bones are affected), with sarcoidosis, dehydration, excess vitamin D. Low calcium - disruption of the thyroid gland, renal failure, hypoalbuminemia.

Sodium. Increased numbers occur when excessive consumption salt, hyperactivity of the adrenal cortex, with disorders of water-salt metabolism in the body. Low sodium occurs in diabetics, with kidney pathologies, and with cirrhosis of the liver.

Chlorine. An increase in chlorine occurs when diabetes insipidus, in case of salicylate poisoning, in acute renal failure, as a sign of dehydration. Low numbers - excessive sweating, after vomiting and gastric lavage.

Folic acid. An increase occurs with vegetarian diets, and a decrease with B 12 deficiency, alcoholism, malnutrition, and malabsorption.

Vitamin B12. Excess indicates an unbalanced diet. For the same reason, there is a lack of this vitamin.

Low molecular weight nitrogenous substances

Urea. Increased rate- a sign of impaired renal function, increased protein content in food, in case of myocardial infarction, burns. Reduced numbers - with protein starvation, pregnancy, malabsorption.

Creatinine. The reasons for the increase in the indicator are similar to those for the urea indicator.

Uric acid. An increase occurs with gout, multiple myeloma, renal failure, toxicosis in pregnant women, and heavy physical exertion.

Pigments and enzymes

Pigments

Total bilirubin. A reading above 27 indicates the presence of jaundice. High performance total bilirubin indicate cancer, poisoning or cirrhosis, liver disease, hepatitis, cholelithiasis.

Direct bilirubin. An increase indicates an acute viral toxic hepatitis, cholecystitis, liver infection, syphilis, jaundice in pregnant women, hypothyroidism in newborns.

Enzymes

Aminotransferase. It increases with liver necrosis, acute and chronic hepatitis, myocardial infarction, cholestasis, tissue hypoxia.

Lactate dehydrogenase. It increases with renal infarction, myocardial infarction, extensive hemolysis, myocarditis, and acute hepatitis.

Creatine phosphokinase. The norm is up to 200 U/l. The indicator is increased with necrosis skeletal muscles, myocardial infarction, epilepsy, muscular dystrophy, myositis.

Cancer indicators. Biochemistry for hepatitis

Oncology is a very serious disease. Biochemical studies in cancer patients differ in many ways from those of a healthy person. To confirm the presence of malignant diseases, the doctor will definitely send you for further examination. So what does a biochemical blood test show in oncology?

Hemoglobin is low.
Increased level of leukocytes.

Cancer cells progress in the body, and specific antigen proteins are released. Thanks to them, it is possible to determine exactly where the cancerous tumor is located. These antigens are called tumor markers. Most popular:

PSA (prostate gland).
CA 15-3 (breast glands).
CA 125 (endometrial ovaries).
CA 19-9 (gastrointestinal tract).
CEA (intestines, lungs, liver, bladder, pancreas).

In cases where a biochemical blood test shows cancer, confirmation of the diagnosis with tumor markers and additional diagnostics is required. Hepatitis is considered no less dangerous. When diagnosing this disease, biochemistry is necessarily prescribed. A biochemical blood test will show hepatitis if the following indicators are too high:

ALT, AST.
Total and direct bilirubin.
Triglycerides.
Gamma globulins.

The albumin level will be underestimated. A PCR blood test and immunological tests should also be performed.

HIV infection and biochemistry

Once HIV enters the body, it destroys and weakens the immune system. The body easily perceives various infections and cancer. In HIV-infected people, blood biochemistry shows anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. But we cannot say directly that a biochemical blood test will show HIV. The study will only indicate the changes that occur in the body. To directly detect HIV, you need to do a special test. It is he who detects antibodies to the virus in the body. Applies also PCR method, pathology can be detected already on the tenth day of infection.

Biochemical analysis in children

Biochemical blood test - what does it show in a child and what does it show in an adult? The only difference is the norms of indicators. It is worth considering that children's body is constantly growing and the norms should be interpreted based on age-related changes. Often, when a doctor prescribes blood biochemistry for a child, he only wants to refute or confirm some of his suspicions.

When taking a blood test, you must follow the same rules as those listed above for adults. It all depends on the parents. They must control this. It should be remembered that proper preparation will allow you to get the most correct results. The doctor will not make a diagnosis based only on the results of biochemistry. A comprehensive examination will definitely be scheduled.

What does a biochemical blood test show in cats?

As for people, we dealt in detail with the biochemical blood test. But what if the disease bothers animals, namely our pet furry cats? Will a biochemical blood test show any abnormalities in their body? Undoubtedly. Deciphering “cat tests” is a very difficult task. Leave this to an experienced veterinarian. Many cats are prone to urolithiasis, it is for this reason that the doctor first looks at the ratio of phosphorus and calcium in the blood. An increase in calcium may indicate:

kidney disease;
various types of cancer;
steam pathology thyroid gland;
various poisonings leading to complications in the urinary system.

If phosphorus is elevated, it is possible to diagnose kidney damage or diseases of the digestive system.

Amylase and lipase increase with pancreatitis.

Cats can develop diabetes mellitus as well as Cushing's syndrome. This will be indicated by high levels of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides. Reduced sugar levels indicate problems with the liver.

Proper feeding is the main task of the owner. Much depends on the selection of food for your pet. Be responsible for those you teach. Listen to the advice of competent experts.

A biochemical blood test is a study that is carried out in laboratory conditions and is used in medicine to identify information about the functional state of the body as a whole, and individual organs. Its results help to accurately determine malfunctions in the body.

Correct interpretation of biochemical blood test indicators in adults allows for an accurate diagnosis of the condition of internal organs.

A biochemical blood test includes the determination of a number of indicators that reliably reflect the state of metabolic processes such as mineral, carbohydrate, lipid, and protein.

How to decipher a biochemical blood test in adults?

Decoding a biochemical blood test is a comparison of the results obtained with normal values. The analysis form contains a complete list of indicators determined by the biochemical laboratory and their reference values.

Biochemical analysis prescribed for diagnosis:

Pathologies of the gynecological system.
Diseases of the circulatory system (leukemia).
Kidney, liver failure (hereditary pathologies).
Disturbances in the functioning of the heart muscle (heart attack, stroke).
Diseases in the musculoskeletal system (arthritis, arthrosis, osteoporosis).
Diseases of the thyroid gland (diabetes mellitus).
Deviations in the functioning of the stomach, intestines, pancreas.

Sometimes it is enough to establish a final diagnosis based on deviations from the norm in one or more parameters, but more often, for a full diagnosis, other results of additional research methods and assessment are required clinical picture diseases.

Preparing for analysis

The reliability of the blood test may well be affected by its preparation and implementation. Therefore, it is worth noting the main points of preparation in order to receive normal research results without false deviations.

Eliminate from diet heavy food (fried, fatty and spicy foods) at least 24 hours before blood sampling - it is best to stick to a balanced diet several days before the test.
Reduce to minimum consumption of coffee, strong tea, psychostimulants - 12 hours before donating blood, you should not take substances that affect the central nervous system (caffeine, alcohol).
Provide comfortable conditions for emotional state , avoid stress and physical activity.
On the day of blood collection You should not eat before the procedure.

According to the analysis, the doctor compares the results from the laboratory with generally accepted ones and determines the presence of a possible disease.

Biochemical blood test: normal indicators

For convenience, the norms of biochemical blood test indicators in adults are shown in the table:

Analysis:	Men:	Women:
Total protein	64-84 g/l.	64-84 g/l.
Hemoglobin	130-160 g/l	120-150 g/l.
Haptoglobin	150-2000 mg/l	150-2000 mg/l
Glucose	3.30-5.50 mmol/l.	3.30-5.50 mmol/l.
Urea	2.5-8.3 mmol/l.	2.5-8.3 mmol/l.
Creatinine	62-115 µmol/l	53-97 µmol/l.
Cholesterol	3.5-6.5 mmol/l.	3.5-6.5 mmol/l.
Bilirubin	5-20 µmol/l.	5-20 µmol/l.
AlAT (ALT)	up to 45 units/l.	up to 31 units/l.
ASAT (AST)	up to 45 units/l.	up to 31 units/l.
Lipase	0-190 units/l.	0-190 units/l.
Alpha amylase	28-100 units/l.	28-100 units/l.
Pancreatic amylase	0-50 units/l.	0-50 units/l.

Each of the criteria indicated in the table reflects the condition of one or more human organs, and the combination of some of them allows in some cases to make an accurate diagnosis or direct the diagnostic process in the right direction.

Below we will look at what each of these tests shows using the example of deciphering a biochemical blood test in adults.

Total protein

Total protein is the total concentration of proteins found in the blood. Proteins take part in all biochemical reactions of the body - they transport various substances, act as catalysts for reactions, and participate in immune defense.

Normal levels of protein in the blood are 64-84 g/l. If the protein is higher than this, the body may be susceptible to infection. Moreover, the reason increased protein maybe, or the beginning of an oncological disease. With a low protein content in the blood, the likelihood of liver disease increases many times, as well as problems with the intestines and kidneys. The most difficult diagnosis for low protein is cancer.

Albumen

This protein is produced by the liver and is considered the main protein in the blood plasma. In general, experts distinguish albumins as a separate protein group, called protein fractions.

An increase in the concentration of albumin in the blood (hyperalbuminemia) may be associated with the following pathologies:

dehydration, or dehydration (loss of fluid from the body through vomiting, diarrhea, profuse sweating);
extensive burns.

A reduced albumin level is observed in patients who smoke and in women during pregnancy, as well as breastfeeding. In other people, a decrease in albumin may indicate various liver pathologies (for example, oncology), or intestinal inflammation of an infectious nature (). In addition, in case of cancer, burns or fever, various injuries or overdose medicines albumin in the blood will be below normal.

Glucose (sugar)

The most common indicator carbohydrate metabolism is the blood sugar level. Its short-term increase occurs during emotional arousal, stress reactions, pain attacks, and after eating. The norm is 3.5-5.5 mmol/l (glucose tolerance test, sugar load test).

Increased sugar - endocrine disorders, pancreatic tumor, cerebral hemorrhage, chronic liver and kidney damage, cystic fibrosis.
Sugar is low - damage to the liver and pancreas, stomach or adrenal cancer, poisoning with arsenic or certain medicines, alcohol intoxication.

Uric acid

The main breakdown product of the main component of nucleic acids - purine bases. Since it is not used further in metabolic processes, it is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. The normal level in blood plasma is 0.16-0.44 mmol/l.

renal failure;
leukemia, lymphoma;
prolonged fasting;
alcohol abuse;
overdose of salicylates and diuretics.

A decrease in the level of uric acid in the blood can be observed during treatment with piperazine drugs, allopurinol, prebenecid, ACTH, and sometimes with hepatitis.

Urea

It is a consequence of the breakdown of proteins. In human blood permissible quantity of this substance changes with age. Often, urea levels go through the roof in patients who have pathologies in their kidney function: doctors prescribe a similar blood test to diagnose and predict the disease.

A decrease in the level of urea in the blood can be triggered by reasons that are physiological (pregnancy, fasting, excessive exercise), or pathological (celiac disease, cirrhosis of the liver, heavy metal poisoning).

Creatinine

This substance, like urea, is a product of protein metabolism and is also excreted by the kidneys. Creatinine is a product of metabolic processes occurring in skeletal muscles, and to a lesser extent in the brain. Accordingly, its level will depend on the condition of the kidneys and muscles.

Increased creatinine is observed in renal failure, severe injuries with muscle damage, increased thyroid function, and after the use of certain anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agents. Moderately high creatinine is found in athletes.

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, AlAt)

This indicator, along with AST, is used in medical practice for laboratory diagnosis of liver damage. Alanine aminotransferase is synthesized intracellularly, and normally only a small part of this enzyme enters the blood. When the liver is damaged (hepatitis, cirrhosis) as a result of cytolysis (cell destruction), this enzyme enters the blood, which is detected by laboratory methods.

The level of this transaminase may also increase during myocardial infarction and other conditions. An increase in ALT that exceeds an increase in AST is characteristic of liver damage; if the AST indicator increases more than the ALT increases, then this, as a rule, indicates problems with myocardial (heart muscle) cells.

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, AST)

A cellular enzyme involved in amino acid metabolism. AST is found in the tissues of the heart, liver, kidneys, nervous tissue, skeletal muscles and other organs. An AST blood test may show an increase in AST in the blood if the body has a disease such as:

viral, toxic, alcoholic hepatitis;
spicy ;
liver cancer;
acute rheumatic carditis;

AST is elevated in skeletal muscle injuries, burns, heatstroke and due to cardiac surgery.

Alkaline phosphatase

Many laboratories automatically include this enzyme in their biochemical analysis. From a practical point of view, only an increase in the activity of this enzyme in the blood may be of interest.

This is evidence of either intrahepatic stagnation of bile in small bile ducts, which happens with mechanical and parenchymal jaundice, or progressive osteoporosis or destruction of bone tissue (myeloma, aging of the body)..

Cholesterol

A component of fat metabolism, it is involved in the construction of cell membranes, the synthesis of sex hormones and vitamin D. There is total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.

Degrees of increased cholesterol in the blood:

5.2-6.5 mmol/l – mild degree increased substance, risk area for atherosclerosis;
6.5-8.0 mmol/l – a moderate increase, which is corrected by diet;
over 8.0 mmol/l – a high level requiring drug intervention.

Amylase

Breaks down carbohydrates from food and ensures their digestion. Contained in the salivary glands and pancreas. There is alpha-amylysis (diastase) and pancreatic amylase.

alpha-amylase rate: 28-100 units/l.
pancreatic amylase rate: 0-50 units/l.

Decreased alpha-amylase: thyrotoxicosis; myocardial infarction; complete necrosis of the pancreas; toxicosis of pregnant women.

Potassium

Another important intracellular electrolyte. His normal content in the body ranges from 3.5 to 5.5 mmol per liter.

excess hormones of the adrenal cortex (including taking dosage forms cortisone);
chronic fasting (failure to receive potassium from food);
prolonged vomiting, diarrhea (loss with intestinal juice);
renal dysfunction;
cystic fibrosis.

dehydration;
acute renal failure (impaired renal excretion); ,
adrenal insufficiency.
cell damage (hemolysis - destruction of blood cells, severe starvation, convulsions, severe injuries).

The condition when potassium is elevated is called hyperkalemia, and when it is low, hypokalemia.

Sodium

Sodium does not directly participate in metabolism. It is completely abundant in the extracellular fluid. Its main function is to maintain osmotic pressure and pH. Sodium excretion occurs in the urine and is controlled by the adrenal hormone aldosterone.

decreased concentration due to increased fluid volume (diabetes mellitus, chronic heart disease)
failure, liver cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, edema).
loss of an element (abuse of diuretics, kidney pathology, adrenal insufficiency).

increased function of the adrenal cortex;
excess salt intake;
loss of extracellular fluid (profuse sweat, severe vomiting and diarrhea, increased urination in diabetes insipidus);
violation of the central regulation of water-salt metabolism (pathology of the hypothalamus, coma).

An increase in a microelement is called hypernatremia, and a decrease is called hyponatremia.

Bottom line

Different laboratories can conduct a biochemical blood test in accordance with excellent methodological manuals and use other units for measuring the concentrations of elements.

Therefore, the norms of indicators can vary significantly. When the laboratory technician gives you test results, be sure to make sure that the standards are written on the form. This is the only way you can understand whether there are changes in your analyzes or not.

Blood biochemistry is an analysis that reflects the functioning of many organs of the human body, namely: liver, heart, kidneys, musculoskeletal system, metabolic processes, the presence of autoimmune diseases, and more. Identified deviations from the norm are a signal to begin taking treatment.

Biochemistry of blood, how to donate

As before most tests, in this case you need to donate blood while hungry, at least 6 hours after eating. It is not recommended to drink sweet tea, juices, coffee, milk, alcohol the day before, and do not eat fatty, smoked and spicy foods. You can eat lean meat, cereals, vegetables and fruits, and drink water. If these instructions are not followed, the analysis will be distorted and the prescribed treatment may not be as effective as possible. Blood is taken from the patient's antecubital vein.

Biochemical blood test - interpretation in children

The main indicator of the analysis was blood serum protein - total protein. The value may be lower than normal due to a lack of protein in the case of diet, poor nutrition or metabolic disorders. The protein content may increase with liver disease.

The norm for newborns and children under 4 years of age is 49-74 g/l.
4-7 years - 61-74 g/l.
4-15 years - 60-76 g/l.
from 16 - 66-86 g/l.

Blood biochemistry: bilirubin

This is a breakdown product of hemoglobin. It can be tied and free. Hemoglobin exists in red blood cells. When they break down, the iron-containing protein ends up in the bloodstream. It appears to be a toxic compound that can cause tissue damage. It is normal if this happens during the aging of red blood cells, the life cycle of which consists of approximately 120 days. Therefore, proteins manage to remove it from the body. Pathology destroys them faster and in considerable quantities. The cause is hereditary or acquired diseases.

What does blood biochemistry say about sugar levels?

Glucose is usually increased in patients with diabetes, and decreased when there is a low intake of glucose into the blood. Both deviations require medical intervention. The norm is the same for everyone and does not depend on age. It is 3.2-5.4 µmol/l. Some sources claim that up to 6.5 µmol/l can be considered normal, but this is already a hidden form of diabetes.

AlAt and AsAt

Enzymes that tell about the work of the liver and heart. Here the norm is also the same for both children and adults, it is 27-178 nkat/l in the first case and 27-128 nkat/l in the second.

Amylase

The indicator largely relates to the functioning of the pancreas and increases when it is inflamed. It is difficult to judge the standards; they depend on the methods of analysis.

Urea

The indicator increases with renal failure or with impaired filtration capacity of the kidneys. The norm is the same for any age, 2.4-8.2 mmol/l.

Creatinine

The norm is 44-106 µml/l. May increase if there are violations glomerular filtration kidney

Triglycerides

The norm up to 10 years for girls is 0.40-1.24; for boys 0.33-1.12.

Phospholipids

The norm for any age is 2.52-2.91.

Rheumatoid factor

Normally, no one has it. Otherwise, we can talk about rheumatic processes.

Antistreptolysin A

The norm for children under 14 years of age is 150 units maximum. After 14 years - no higher than 200 units.

Of course, this is not a complete list of indicators that are included in a biochemical blood test in children. The numbers given are not exact, because each laboratory offers its own standards, which depend on the analysis technique.

Blood test is laboratory diagnostics blood samples, which establish the quantitative and qualitative composition of blood. It is these characteristics that help identify a certain type of disease.

It is difficult to say how long a blood test takes, because in modern medicine there are various types of blood diagnostics. In this regard, it is necessary to consider each method separately and pay attention to the fact that the laboratory sets its own deadlines for conducting the study and issuing results.

General blood analysis

A general blood test includes determining the amount of hemoglobin, red blood cells, leukocytes, platelets, as well as calculating the leukocyte formula and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. This research method is used to determine hematological, infectious and inflammatory diseases, as well as to assess the patient’s condition. In addition, a general blood test helps determine the effectiveness of the ongoing treatment. Typically, a blood sample for testing is taken from a finger. No special preparation is required for diagnosis. But it should be noted that blood sampling should be carried out on an empty stomach. And the result will be ready in one and a half to two hours.

Determination of blood group is the establishment of membership in one or another blood group according to the AB0 system (a, b, zero). This study is used before the blood transfusion process and during pregnancy. And also for establishing hematological disease in newborns and during preparation for operations. Blood is donated from a vein, always on an empty stomach. Results can be obtained within an hour or two.

Rapid test for hepatitis

A quick and high-quality test at home to detect antibodies to the hepatitis virus. Blood from a finger is used, the test result is ready in fifteen minutes.

Rapid test for syphilis

Diagnosis at home, but this study reveals Treponema pallidum bacteria. They talk about the presence of infection (syphilis) in a person. Blood is also taken from a finger, and the result is ready in 10-15 minutes.

Rapid test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Diagnosis of blood for the presence of HIV infection. Results at home are ready in a few minutes (5-10 minutes). Blood is taken from a finger.

It should be noted that rapid testing can be used not only at home. Medical laboratories also use them, and in terms of time (how long blood tests are done using such systems) they are no different from doing them at home. In addition, there are great amount types of rapid testing (at-home blood tests), for example, to detect rubella, cancer embryonal antigen, and cancer markers. Therefore, you can find out how many blood tests are done using the express system only in the instructions.

Blood test for sugar

A blood sugar test is a determination of the level of glucose in the blood. A blood sample is also taken from a finger prick and on an empty stomach. This research method is used to diagnose diabetes mellitus. But for patients over forty years of age, it is performed regularly and does not depend on the presence of the disease. The results of a blood sugar test are ready within 24 hours.

Blood test for human immunodeficiency virus

A blood test for the human immunodeficiency virus in the laboratory can detect antibodies to this type of infection. It is performed on a blood sample from a vein, and the result takes two to ten days to prepare.

Test for syphilis

When testing blood for syphilis ( laboratory test) answers are ready in four to seven days, and when testing blood for hepatitis, serological and enzyme immunoassay blood - seven to fourteen days. A study of the hemostasis system shows results within two days. But how much blood testing is done for hormonal studies should be reported by the attending physician. Because the amount of hormones changes in different phases of the life cycle, and blood for diagnosis should be taken only according to an established individual schedule. But on average, hormonal diagnostics provide results within 2-30 days.

Blood test for tumor markers

It is impossible to determine with accuracy how many blood tests are done for tumor markers. This depends on the type of cancer. Each type cancer produces its own antigen (oncological marker), for example AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), PSA (prostate-specific antigen), CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen), CA-125 (ovarian cancer marker), CA 15-3 ( breast tumor marker), CA 19-9 (mucin-sialo-glycolipid, pancreatic tumor marker). Therefore, it is impossible to determine how many days a blood test for tumor markers is done. It may be noted that in most cases, tests are ready in one to five days.