Complex sentences allow you to convey voluminous messages about several situations or phenomena, making speech more expressive and informative. More often complex sentences used in works of art, journalistic articles, scientific works, texts in official business style.
What is a complex sentence?
Difficult sentence - a sentence that consists of two or more grammar basics, is an intonationally formed semantic unity that expresses a certain meaning. Depending on the relationship of parts, complex sentences with coordinating subordinating and non-union connection.
Complex sentences with coordinating connections
Compound Sentences - union proposals, which consist of equal parts connected by a coordinating connection. Parts of complex sentences are combined into one whole using coordinating, adversative or disjunctive conjunctions. In writing, a comma is placed before the conjunction between parts of a compound sentence.
Examples of compound sentences: The boy shook the tree, and ripe apples fell to the ground. Katya went to college, and Sasha stayed at home. Either someone called me, or it seemed like it.
Complex sentences with subordinating connections
Complex sentences - conjunctional sentences consisting of unequal parts that are connected by a subordinating connection. In complex sentences, there is a main part and a dependent (subordinate) part. Parts of the dictionary are connected to each other using conjunctions and allied words. In writing, between parts of a complex sentence, a comma is placed before the conjunction (conjunctive word).
Examples of complex sentences: He picked a flower to give to his mother. Those present were wondering where Ivan Petrovich came from. Misha went to the store his friend was talking about.
Usually, a question can be raised from the main clause to the subordinate clause. Examples: I came home (when?) when everyone had already sat down to dinner. We learned about (what?) what happened yesterday.
Complex sentences with non-conjunction connections
Unconjunct complex sentences are sentences whose parts are connected only with the help of intonation, without the use of conjunctions and allied words.
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Examples of complex sentences with non-conjunctive connections between parts: The music started playing, the guests started dancing. It will be frosty in the morning - we won’t go anywhere. Tanya turned around: a tiny kitten was huddled against the wall.
A comma, dash, colon or semicolon can be placed between parts of non-union complex sentences (depending on what meaning the parts of the BSP express).
Complex sentences with different types of connections
Mixed complex sentences can include several clauses connected to each other by coordinating, subordinating and non-conjunctive connections. In writing, in mixed complex sentences, the punctuation characteristic of complex, complex and non-union sentences is observed.
Examples: Vitya decided that if the teacher asked him to answer a question, he would have to admit that he had not prepared for the lesson. On the right hung a painting depicting a blooming garden, and on the left there was a table with carved legs. The weather worsened: a strong wind rose and it began to rain, but it was warm and dry in the tent.
If complex sentences within a mixed sentence form logical-syntactic blocks, a semicolon is placed between such blocks. Example: On the porch, a sparrow was pecking at grains that grandmother accidentally scattered; At this time, dad came out, and the bird quickly flew away.
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Non-union and allied coordinating connections are one of the ways of constructing. Without them, speech is poor, because they provide more information and are capable of containing two or more sentences telling about different events.
Complex sentences and their types
Depending on the number of parts, complex structures are divided into two- and polynomial. In any of the options, the elements are connected either by a conjunction (which, in turn, is provided by the corresponding part of speech) or by a non-conjunction.
Depending on what types of relationships are present, complex formations create the following groups:
- Complex sentence with non-union and allied coordinating connection: The sky suddenly darkened, a distant rumble was heard, and a wall of rain covered the ground, driving down dust and washing away the city smog.
- Constructions that combine elements with a subordinating relationship, for example: The house we entered was depressing, but in this situation we had no choice.
- Complex sentences with subordinating and non-conjunctive types of connections: No matter how he hurried, his help was late: another car took the wounded.
- In polynomial constructions, subordinating, non-union and allied coordinating connections can be used simultaneously. The next time the phone rang, my mother answered it, but heard only the voice of a robot informing her that her loan was overdue.
It is important to be able to distinguish between complex sentences and constructions complicated, for example, by homogeneous predicates. As a rule, in the first case, the syntactic lexical unit contains several grammatical stems, while in the second there will be one subject and several predicates.
Non-union designs
In this type of lexical constructions, 2 simple sentences or more can be combined, which are connected by intonation and meaning. They can communicate with each other in the following ways:
- Sentences are linked by enumeration. The evening gradually faded, night fell on the earth, the moon began to rule the world.
- Constructions in which elements are divided into several parts, two of which are opposite fragments. The weather was as if to order: the sky cleared of clouds, the sun was shining brightly, a light breeze blew across the face, creating a slight coolness. In this unionless design, the second fragment, consisting of 3 simple sentences, connected by enumerative intonation, explains its first part.
- Binary connection of simple elements into a polynomial complex design, in which the parts are combined into semantic groups: The moon rose above the ridge, we did not immediately notice it: the haze hid its radiance.
A non-conjunctive, like a conjunctive coordinating connection, in a complete connection separates individual sentences from each other with punctuation marks.
Commas in non-union polynomial constructions
In complex compounds, their parts are separated by commas, semicolons, dashes and colons. Commas and semicolons are used in enumerative relations:
- The parts are small in size and connected to each other in meaning. After the storm there was silence, followed by a light whisper of rain.
- When parts are too common and not connected by a single meaning, a semicolon is used. Chamomiles and poppies covered the entire clearing; Grasshoppers were chirping somewhere below.
Non-union constructions are most often used to convey a large amount of information that is not always connected in meaning.
Dividing marks in non-union formations
These signs are used for the following types of relationships between elements of a syntactic structure:
- Dash - when the second part is sharply opposed to the first, for example: We knew about his fears - no one knew about his readiness to die.(In such a construction with a non-union, as well as a union, coordinating connection between parts, I would like to put the conjunction “but”).
- When the first part talks about a condition or time, then a dash is also placed between it and the second fragment. The rooster crowed - it's time to get up. In such sentences, the meaning of the conjunctions “if” or “when” is appropriate.
- The same sign is placed if the second part contains a conclusion about what was discussed in the first. There was no strength to object - he silently agreed. In such conjunction constructions, “therefore” is usually inserted.
- When the second part of the sentence is compared and determined by what is narrated in the first. He makes a speech - he breathes hope into people. In these constructions you can add “as if” or “as if”.
- In sentences with an explanatory connection and justification of the reason, a colon is used. I’ll tell you to the point: you can’t let your friends down.
Sentences with a non-union, as well as a union, coordinating connection between parts are separated by signs depending on their semantic relationship.
Complex constructions
In sentences of this type, a coordinating connection is used, carried out using coordinating conjunctions. In this case, between their parts there may be:
- Connective relationships interconnected by unions and, yes or, particles also, also and neither...nor. No birds chirp, no mosquito squeaks, no cicadas chirp.
- In separating relationships, conjunctions are used what and, or, particles either... or, not that... not that and others. Either the wind brings an incomprehensible sound, or it itself approaches us.
- Sentences with both non-union and allied coordinating connections with comparative relations indicate the identity of events, but in the second case with the use of conjunctions namely And that is. Everyone was happy to see him, that is, that’s what he read on their faces.
- Explanatory relationships tend to use conjunctions yes, but, ah, particles but, and therefore and others. A blizzard was raging outside the window, but it was warm near the fireplace in the living room.
Often it is conjunctions and particles that explain what connects simple sentences into a single complex structure.
Complex sentences with mixed types of communication
Constructions where a non-union and a union coordinating connection are present at the same time occur quite often. They can contain separate blocks, each of which contains several simple sentences. Within blocks, some elements are connected to others in meaning and are separated by punctuation marks with or without conjunctions. In a complex sentence with a non-conjunctive and a conjunctive coordinating connection, the line between them is separators, although individual blocks may not be connected in meaning.
Goals:
update students' knowledge about structural features complex sentences with different types communications - union and non-union; continue work on preparing students for the State Examination;
develop the ability to schematically represent a sentence, instill text analysis skills, improve spelling and punctuation skills;
to cultivate patriotism and responsibility towards people who have accomplished feats in the name of saving humanity from fascism.
1. Mobilizing stage.
On the desk:
How does a person maintain spiritual strength?
I remember an interview in which a veteran talks about his military profession: he was a photographer and cameraman, and also a suicide bomber.
He saw his entire life through the sight of a sniper rifle, and, according to him, he only had to communicate with the dead.
How do thoughts about honor and dignity, about the meaning and value of life, about heroism arise in a being in whom life barely glimmers?
This confession accurately and succinctly conveys the fullness of human horror and fearlessness.
Exercise:
Read the sentences and say what unites them? (Subject).
- Can these sentences be called text? (It is forbidden).
- Arrange these sentences according to the code and read the resulting text.
PP – SPP – ? – SSP – PP
(Students name the types of sentences, arrange them in accordance with the code, using cards).
- What sentence should be instead of the question? Explain the punctuation in this sentence. Build a diagram. (According to academic grammar, sentences with different types of connections are called sentences with contaminated stems).
Taking into account the punctograms found only in this sentence, formulate the topic of the lesson.
- Considering the topic of the lesson, formulate the purpose of the lesson. Use support words: get acquainted, consider, model, explain.
(Get acquainted with complex sentences with various types allied and demon union communications; consider the schemes of complex sentences with various types of connections, model such sentences and explain the punctograms in them).
3. Updating knowledge.
What is a complex sentence? (A complex sentence is a sentence consisting of two or more simple clauses ( predicative parts), connected into a single whole in meaning and intonation).
- What groups are complex sentences divided into?
- What do you know about them? Student presentations about SSP, SPP, SBP according to plan:
1. What is...
2. What punctuation marks... conjunctions (conjunctive words)...
3. Relationships between sentences.
4. Types.
Teacher: You already know that there are complex sentences with different types of connections and that according to academic grammar they are called sentences with contaminated stems. What else can you call such proposals? Look in the textbook on page 141.
4. Learning new material.
I. Writing sentences on the board and in notebooks. Proposal analysis.
It is noteworthy how eyewitnesses perceived the terrible news: the diary messages are short, in them the pulse of the war is felt with chilling clarity, confusion is read.
Exercise:
Analyze the proposal.
Analysis algorithm.
- Find the basics, break them down into parts.
- Determine the type of connection, union or non-union.
- Type of conjunction: coordinating and subordinating.
- In a non-union complex sentence there are semantic relations and, therefore, punctuation marks.
- Draw diagrams.
- Describe the type of communication.
- Check the diagrams for punctuation marks.
II. Work in pairs. Peer review.
(The task is given according to options. It is necessary to place punctuation marks in the sentence, write letters, determine grammatical basics, determine the type of sentences, draw diagrams ).
- The power of memory draws birds from distant lands to the place where they were born; it warms the human heart throughout its entire life, making it happy.
- We talk a lot about the beauty of the earth, but we poorly protect what we absolutely must protect.
Work with text.
1.During the years of the Great Patriotic War the prose poem “Russian Language” by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev strengthened people’s faith in victory and called on them to achieve it at any cost. 2. They say that a young girl, a teacher of the Russian language, came to the commandant of occupied Oryol and asked permission to open the I. S. Turgenev Museum. 3. The commandant gave permission, allocating a small room for this.4. And now the museum is open. 5. At first people did not understand what this idea was for, but several days passed and there were more and more visitors. 6. Having visited the museum, they seemed to be transformed: their gaze brightened, their gait became firmer, their heads were raised higher. 7. The first thing everyone saw were the words: “In days of doubt, in days of painful thoughts about the fate of my Motherland, you alone are my support and support, oh great, powerful, truthful and free Russian language! Without you, how can one not fall into despair at the sight of everything that is happening at home? But one cannot believe that such a language was not given to a great people!”
Text analysis(questions on content).
Assignment by options:
1st century – Find a complex sentence with a subordinating and non-union connection.
2c. – Find a sentence with a subordinating and coordinating connection.
Explain punctuation marks .
Test tasks (in GIA format).
AT 7. In the sentences below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas between parts of a complex sentence connected by a coordinating connection.
They say 1 that a young girl, 2 a teacher of the Russian language, 3 came to the commandant of occupied Orel, 3 and asked permission to open a museum of I. S. Turgenev.
The commandant gave permission, 4 allocating a small room for this.
And now the museum is open. At first people did not understand 5 what this idea was for, 6 but several days passed and there were more and more visitors.
Answer: _______________________
AT 9. Among sentences 2-5, find a complex one with a non-union and allied subordinating connection between the parts. Write the number of this offer.
Answer: ______________________
Reflection.
Today we remembered...
We have learned...
I like it…
House. exercise:
Write a miniature essay on the topic:
“Why were people transformed after reading Turgenev’s words about the Russian language?”
“Is it worth remembering the past?”
How do you understand the words of M. Dudin: “The fallen knew how to win, the living must remember.”
How do you understand the proverb: “He who lives for himself dies for others.”
Teacher's comments on the material being studied
| Good advice |
|
| It can be difficult to distinguish between a simple sentence complicated by homogeneous predicates and a complex sentence, especially if one of the parts of the complex sentence is an incomplete sentence. For example: I was late because I forgot my watch at home. | It should be remembered that homogeneous members Sentences can only be connected by coordinating conjunctions. Do not confuse a coordinating conjunction, which connects parts of a complex sentence, and a coordinating conjunction, which connects homogeneous members of a sentence: I was tired and lay down to rest. - a conjunction connects homogeneous predicates; I was tired and I wanted to rest. - a conjunction connects parts of a complex sentence. If there is a subordinating conjunction in a dubious sentence, then you have a complex sentence, the second part of which is an incomplete sentence: I was late because I forgot my watch at home. I was in a hurry, but I was still late. |
| Can be confused with part of a complex sentence isolated member sentences, clarifying clause, introductory construction, comparative phrase. For example: Having rounded a high cape, the ship entered the bay. Many gases, such as hydrogen, are lighter than air. I think his name is Ivan. | Make sure that this is part of a complex sentence with an independent grammatical basis, and not any of the listed structures. It should be especially noted that the target turnover with the union so is subordinate clause a complex sentence, the grammatical basis of which consists of a predicate expressed by an infinitive: To memorize the poem, she read it out loud six times. |
| If the subordinate clause is inside the main clause, you can make a mistake in counting the number of parts of a complex sentence (in the answer options for a task of this kind, the number of parts of a complex sentence is sometimes indicated). | Find the grammatical bases of the sentences that make up the complex. There are exactly as many parts to a sentence as there are grammatical principles. For example: He quickly studied what was then known in the field of mathematics, and even began his own research. The basis of the first part: he studied and studied. The basis of the second part: what was known. Therefore, a complex sentence has two parts. |
| It can be difficult to determine the types of connections between parts of a complex sentence with different types of connections. For example: It was impossible to stop: as soon as I stopped moving, my legs were sucked in and my footprints filled with water. | The type of connection is determined by the union. Find conjunctions that connect parts of a complex sentence. If there is no union between some parts, then the connection between them is non-union, if the union is coordinating or subordinating, then the connection is coordinating or subordinating, respectively. In the example given, the sentence consists of four parts. The first (it was impossible to stop) and the third (my legs were sucked in) are connected by a non-union connection, the second (as soon as I stopped moving) and the third (my legs were sucked in) are connected by a subordinating connection using a subordinating conjunction as soon as possible, the third and fourth (the footprints were filled with water) - a coordinating connection using the coordinating conjunction a. |
Difficult sentence. Types of Complex Sentences
In addition to simple sentences, complex sentences are often used in speech, with the help of which we express thoughts in more detail, connecting them with each other.
Complex sentences are sentences consisting of two or more simple clauses. Simple sentences as part of a complex sentence do not have intonation completeness, do not have their own purpose of utterance and are combined in meaning and pronunciation into one whole.
The storm has already subsided, the wind has weakened.
As it comes back, so will it respond.
The frost was terrible, but the apple trees survived.
Simple sentences are combined into complex ones in two main ways. In allied complex sentences, parts are combined using intonation and conjunctions (or allied words - relative pronouns and adverbs). In non-union complex sentences, parts are combined only with the help of intonation (without conjunctions or allied words).
The sun is shining over the lake, and the glare is blinding your eyes(union).
Sentences with conjunctions and allied words are divided into two groups: complex sentences, complex sentences.
Compound sentences are those in which simple sentences can be equal in meaning and are connected by coordinating conjunctions.
June turned out to be hot, and the windows in the houses were opened wide at night.
The fur coat was moth-eaten, but the mittens were like new.
Complex sentences are those in which one of the sentences is subordinate in meaning to another and is connected with it by a subordinating conjunction or a conjunctive word. An independent sentence as part of a complex sentence is called the main one, and a dependent sentence, subordinate to the main one in meaning and grammatically, is called a subordinate clause.
If you're in Myshkin(adverbial clause), go to the Efimkins(The main thing).
I want to find a pebble(The main thing), which you don't have(adverbial clause).
Complex sentences with various types of allied and non-union connections
If a complex sentence consists of three or more parts, then some of them can be connected using coordinating conjunctions, others - using subordinating conjunctions, and others - without conjunctions. Such a sentence is called a complex sentence with different types of conjunction and non-conjunction connections.
There was no one too strong vice in me that would have stood out more clearly than all my other vices, there was no picture-perfect virtue in me that could have given me some kind of picture-perfect appearance, but instead, in me there was a collection of all possible nasty things, a little bit of each, and in such a multitude that I have never seen before in any person. (N.V. Gogol).
(This is a complex sentence consisting of six simple ones, the parts of which are connected by subordinating, coordinating and non-conjunctive connections.)
Please)))))1) Replace the bookish word reverent in the sentence with a stylistically neutral synonym. Write this synonym. Jan lookedat him with reverent admiration.
2) In the sentences below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas between parts of a complex sentence connected by a subordinate connection. Shooting at him now, (1) when he was resting, (2) unaware of the danger, (3) would be a crime... But Ian had longed for this meeting for a long time, (4) he must shoot!
3) Among sentences 1-4, find a complex sentence with heterogeneous (parallel) and sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.
1) The hunting season was already nearing its end when Jan met a familiar woodcutter one windy, frosty morning. 2) The woodcutter told him that he saw a giant deer in the forest, which had a whole forest of antlers on its head. 3) Ian realized that this was exactly the deer that he had been tracking for a long time, and quickly walked in the direction that the woodcutter had shown him. 4) Soon he came across tracks that undoubtedly belonged to a Sand Hills deer.
4) Among sentences 26-31, find a complex sentence with a non-union and a union coordinating connection. Write the number of this offer.
26) Poor, beautiful animal! 27) For a long time we were enemies: I was the pursuer, you were the victim, but now everything has changed. 28) For many days I pursued you, and now you can stand before me without fear. 29) Never my hand will not rise to kill you. 30) Go, wander through the wooded hills without fear: never again will I pursue you.
5) How do you understand the meaning of the word humanity? Formulate and comment on the definition you have given. Write an essay on the topic: What is humanity, using the definition you gave as the thesis. Give reasons for your thesis and give an example from your life experience.
Please)))))
(1) Our mathematics teacher's name was Kharlampy Diogenovich.
(2) His main weapon is to make a person funny.
(3) A student who deviates from the school rules is not a lazy person. not a loafer, not a hooligan, but just a funny person.
(4) It must be said that Kharlampy Diogenovich did not give anyone privileges: everyone could turn out to be funny.
(5) Of course, I also did not escape the common fate.
(6) I didn’t solve my homework problem that day.
(7) In general, the problem was somewhat confusing, and my solution did not coincide with the answer.
(8) The lesson began, and Kharlampy Diogenovich began to look around the class, choosing a victim. - I held my breath.
(9) At that moment the door suddenly opened and a doctor and a nurse appeared.
Just let's be serious. it is very important.
the meaning of subordinating conjunctions is: after, as soon as, barely, before, before, before. Place a comma between parts of a complex sentence.
