Home Pulpitis There were houses, squares and parks. The Moscow bourgeoisie is driving the working class out of industrial zones

There were houses, squares and parks. The Moscow bourgeoisie is driving the working class out of industrial zones

Option 2
Part 1
Read the text and complete tasks 1-3.

(1) On March 22, 1993, news agencies around the world reported sensational news: an unknown robotic engineer, Rudolf Gantenbrink, had made the most outstanding discovery of the decade. (2) Gantenbrink, who was hired by the German Archaeological Institute located in Cairo to study the possibility of installing a ventilation system in the Great Pyramid, sent a remote-controlled robot he created into the southern ventilation shaft of the burial chamber. (3) Having walked sixty-five meters, which was approximately half the distance, the robot sent a video image on which a door with a very mysterious void behind it was clearly visible.
1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) German engineer Rudolf Gantenbrink created a special robot to explore ventilation shafts in the Great Pyramid, and this invention made the scientist famous.
2) A robot created by engineer Gantenbrink, while exploring a ventilation shaft in the Great Pyramid, discovered a mysterious door in this shaft, and this news shocked the whole world.
3) Robotics engineer Rudolf Gantenbrink, exploring the ventilation shaft of the Great Pyramid with the help of a controlled robot, made an amazing discovery: there is a door in the shaft.
4) Rudolf Gantenbrink's robot, having completed half the journey in one of the mines in Cairo, sent the operator a clear video image.
5) In March 1993, sensational news spread throughout the world that an unknown robotics engineer, Rudolf Gantenbrink, had created a radio-controlled robot.

2. Which of the following words or combinations of words should be missing in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

On the contrary, Therefore, In all likelihood, And Probably
3. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word WORK. Determine in what sense this word is used in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.
WORK, -s, w.r.
1) Being in action, activity of something., the process of converting energy of one type into another. R. machines.
2) Occupation, work. Physical river
3) Service, occupation at some kind. enterprise, institution as a source of income. To get a job.
4) plural Production activity of creating, processing something. Irrigation works.
5) Product of labor, finished product. Printed works.
4. In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.
WILL EASIER AIRPORTS SEALING STARTED TO THE BOTTOM
5. In one of the sentences below, the highlighted word is used INCORRECTLY. Correct the mistake and write this word correctly.

On a difficult track, the advantage was given not to the owners of the most powerful engines, but to the most TECHNICAL racers.
Kolosentsev immediately stood up with a BUSINESS look.
She considered herself a backward, UNLUCKY creature, doomed to live a dull, hard life.
Wait! he interrupted me excitedly. You are putting me in a HUMILIATING position.
ROMANTIC irony, gothic parody, fighting street song, forms of small magazine-satirical (colloquial) genres, Shrovetide laughter are uniquely combined in Heine’s wonderful poetic satire.
6. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

aroma SHAMPOOS in SEVEN HUNDRED versts for more than a LONG time got wet in the rain
several young ladies

7. Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and the sentences in which they were made: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS
OFFERS

A) misuse case form noun with preposition
B) disruption of the connection between subject and predicate
C) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial phrase
D) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech
D) violation in the construction of sentences with homogeneous members
1) It was completely dark in the houses, squares, parks, it was deep night, from which something mysterious and mysterious wafted.
2) Without thinking for a second, Fedya rushed across the cyclist, who was riding straight towards little Dasha.
3) A small forest near the village, a tiny pond behind the garden, a small grandmother’s house - all this seemed to Nikolenka to be a huge world full of adventures.
4) Father promised that upon arrival from a business trip he would certainly tell in all details what he saw abroad.
5) All those who have found the strength to resist evil towards man will not allow cruelty towards nature.
6) When everyone expressed their point of view, after weighing all the pros and cons, we made a compromise decision.
7) D.S. Likhachev writes that “an intellectual can be recognized by his lack of aggressiveness, suspicion, inferiority complex, and gentleness of behavior.”
8) Anyone who was at Anna Dmitrievna’s party on that memorable day was struck by the luxurious decoration of her house.
9) After thinking a little, the professor said that even I, being an experienced surgeon, was not ready to take on such a complex operation, and it became clear that I, a doctor just starting my practice, could not cope.

8. Identify the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

arrived..speech see..forge (food) abandoned (fence) simplification subtraction..tanning
9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.

pr..following, (to) pr..dacha
up..small, about..sk
be..delicious, ..shaved (beard)
pr..highed, pr..layed down
with..agreement, pr..image
10. Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap.

oil..pressure..seal..quiet..on moving..

11. Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

rebuilt..finished..unacceptable..hopeful..flourished..expanded

12. Determine the sentence in which NOT is written together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.

This (UN)FAMILIAR person behaved as if he knew everyone well.
Our hero constantly (NOT) had enough money, because it was spent quickly and stupidly.
Today's performance turned out to be no more (NOT) INTERESTING than yesterday's.
(UN)ABLE to speak in public, Demidov was very worried before the meeting.
I didn’t know how to start a conversation in such an (UN)USUAL environment.
13. Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write down these two words.

Yegor sat alone for a long time in a (SEMI) DARK room, then he went out into the dining room, said something, but no one understood what he meant.
Krygin was also a specialist in this field, and well known.
My grandmother and I walked DEEPLY into the forest, but I wasn’t worried at all, because I knew: my grandmother knew this forest well enough to find the way back.
SO the director talked about the company’s plans for the coming year, and everyone listened attentively for several hours.
The children split into columns of (AT) TWO and (THAT) HOUR they hit the road.
14. Indicate all the numbers in whose place NN is written.

In mid-September it was windy (1)o; yellow and crimson(2) leaves, doomed(3) obeying the gusts of wind, circled in desperate(4) round dances through the streets and squares and, mingling with silver(5) cobwebs, flew off somewhere into the distance.
15. Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) I wanted to give my mother a box or a hat or a silk muffler for her birthday.
2) At night it was freezing and stars dotted the sky.
3) At the Bird Market you could either buy the animals you liked or simply admire them.
4) Lightning flashed and for a few moments the forest was illuminated with an inexpressibly bright light and filled with bizarre shadows.
5) Copernicus reflected on the Ptolemaic system of the world and was amazed at its complexity and artificiality, illogicality and confusion.
16. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

Nikolai Ivanovich (1) being naturally strong and healthy person(2) that day, for no apparent reason, I felt ill and (3) immediately interrupting the meeting (4) and (5) calling a car (6) went to my home.

17. Place all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

– You (1) guys (2) from the middle
Start off. And I will say:
I'm not the first shoes
I wear it here without repair.
Here (3) you (4) arrived at the place,
Take your guns and fight.
And who (5) of you (6) knows
What is Sabantui?
18. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

Literary work was thought of by stylistics as a closed and self-sufficient whole (1) all elements (2) of which (3) constitute a closed system (4) and do not presuppose any others outside of themselves
statements.
19. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

When Zhenya decided to accept Alexander Semyonovich’s offer (1) and (2) a letter about this decision had already been sent to his Moscow address (3) she was going to go say goodbye to her aunt (4) so ​​that (5) despite the fact that (6 ) the relationship between them was very difficult (7) to receive a blessing from her.
20. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write this word down.

Cold snow packed into the wrinkles of the bark, and the thick, three-girth trunk seemed stitched with silver threads.
Read the text and complete tasks 21-26

(1) It was Christmas Eve
(2) The guard of the resettlement barracks, a retired soldier, with a gray beard like mouse fur, named Semyon Dmitrievich, or simply Mitrich, approached his wife and said cheerfully:
- (3) Well, woman, what a trick I came up with! (4) I say, the holiday is coming... (5) And for everyone it is a holiday, everyone rejoices at it... (6) Everyone has their own: who has new clothes for the holiday, who will have feasts... (7) For example, your room will be clean, I will also have my own pleasure: I’ll buy myself some sausages!..
- (8) So what? – the old woman said indifferently.
- (9) Otherwise, - Mitrich sighed again, - it will be like a holiday for everyone, but, I say, for the kids, it turns out there is no real holiday... (10) I look at them - and my heart bleeds : oh, I think it’s wrong!.. (11) It’s known, orphans... (12) Neither mother, nor father, nor relatives... (13) It’s awkward!.. (14) So I thought of this: it’s necessary amuse the children! (17) They’ll bring a Christmas tree, decorate it with candles and gifts, and their kids will just jump for joy!.. (18) The forest is close to us - I’ll cut down the Christmas tree and give the kids such fun!
(19) Mitrich winked cheerfully, smacked his lips and went out into the yard.
(20) Wooden houses covered with snow and covered with boards were scattered around the yard here and there. (21) From early spring until late autumn, settlers passed through the city. (22) There were so many of them, and they were so poor, that good people built these houses for them, which Mitrich guarded. (23) By autumn the houses were vacated, and by winter there was no one left except Mitrich and Agrafena and a few more children, no one knows whose. (24) These children’s parents either died or went to an unknown place. (25) Mitrich had eight such children this winter. (26) He settled them all together in one house, where he was going to have a holiday today.
(27) First of all, Mitrich went to the church warden to ask for some cinders of church candles to decorate the Christmas tree. (28) Then he went to the resettlement official. (29) But the official was busy; without seeing Mitrich, he ordered to say “thank you” to him and sent fifty dollars.
(30) Returning home, Mitrich did not say a word to his wife, but just chuckled silently and, looking at the coin, figured out when and how to arrange everything.
(31) “Eight children,” Mitrich reasoned, bending the clumsy fingers on his hands, “that means eight candies...”
(32)...It was a clear frosty afternoon. (33) With an ax in his belt, in a sheepskin coat and a hat, Mitrich returned from the forest, dragging a Christmas tree on his shoulder. (34) He was having fun, although he was tired. (35) In the morning he went to the city to buy candy for the children, and sausage for himself and his wife, which he was a passionate hunter for, but he rarely bought it and ate it only on holidays.
(36) Mitrich brought the tree and sharpened the end with an ax; then he adjusted it so that it would stand, and when everything was ready, he dragged it to the children in the barracks.
(37) When the tree warmed up, the room smelled of freshness and resin. (38) The children’s faces, sad and thoughtful, suddenly became cheerful... (39) No one yet understood what the old man was doing, but everyone was already anticipating pleasure, and Mitrich looked cheerfully at the eyes fixed on him from all sides.
(40) When the candles and sweets were already on the tree, Mitrich thought: the decoration was sparse. (41) No matter how keen he was on his idea, he could not hang anything on the tree except eight candies.
(42) Suddenly such a thought came to him that he even stopped. (43) Although he loved sausage very much and treasured every piece, the desire to treat him to glory overpowered all his considerations:
- (44) I’ll cut each one a circle and hang it on a string. (45) And a slice of bread, and also for the Christmas tree.
(46) As soon as it got dark, the tree was lit. (47) It smelled of melted wax, resin and herbs. (48) Always gloomy and thoughtful, the children screamed joyfully, looking at the lights. (49) Their eyes perked up, their faces blushed. (50) Laughter, screams and chatter enlivened for the first time this gloomy room, where from year to year only complaints and tears were heard. (51) Even Agrafena threw up her hands in surprise, and Mitrich, rejoicing from the bottom of his heart, clapped his hands. (52) Admiring the Christmas tree and the children having fun, he smiled. (53) And then he commanded:
- (54) Public! (55) Come! (56) Taking a piece of bread and sausage from the tree, Mitrich dressed all the children, then took Agrafena for himself.
- (57) Look, the orphans are chewing! (58) Look, they’re chewing! (59) Look! (60) Rejoice! - he shouted. (61) And then Mitrich took the harmonica and, forgetting his old age, started dancing with the children. (62) The children jumped, squealed and twirled merrily, and Mitrich did not lag behind them. (63) His soul was filled with such joy that he did not remember whether such a holiday had ever happened in his life.
- (64) Public! – he finally exclaimed. – (65) The candles are burning out. (66) Get yourself some candy, and it’s time to go to bed!
(67) The children screamed joyfully and rushed to the tree, and Mitrich, touched almost to the point of tears, whispered to Agrafena:
- (68) Good!.. (69) We can say directly: right!..

(according to N.D. Teleshov*)

*Nikolai Dmitrievich Telesho
·v (1867–1957) – Russian Soviet writer, poet, organizer of the famous circle of Moscow writers “Sreda” (1899–1916). The story “Yolka Mitrich” (1897) is part of the “Migrants” cycle, dedicated to the great resettlement beyond the Urals, to Siberia, where peasants were given plots of land.
21. Read sentences 19–29. Indicate the number of the sentence after which the next fragment should appear.

“The houses were always overcrowded, and meanwhile the settlers kept coming and coming. They had nowhere to go, so they set up huts in the field, where they hid with their family and children in the cold and bad weather. Some lived here for a week, two, and others for more than a month, waiting for their turn on the ship.”

22. Which of the following statements are true? Please provide answer numbers.
Enter the numbers in ascending order.

1) Sentences 10–13 present the narrative.
2) Sentence 19 presents a narrative.
3) Sentences 30–31 provide a description.
4) Proposition 47 indicates the consequence of what is said in sentence 46.
5) Sentences 61–62 present the narrative.

23. From sentences 42–51, write down a phraseological unit with the meaning “very good, excellent, great.”

24. Among sentences 20–26, find one(s) that is related to the previous one using a defining pronoun, a demonstrative pronoun and lexical repetition. Write the number(s) of this sentence(s).
25. Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while completing tasks 20–23.
“Telling the reader the story of the holiday organized by Mitrich, N.D. Teleshov generously uses a wide variety of means of artistic expression. At the lexical level, it is worth noting the active use of (A)_____ (“theirs” in sentence 17, “adjust” in sentence 36, “Mitrich”), as well as such a trope as (B)_____ (in sentence 2). Among other means of expressiveness, one can highlight such a technique as (B)_____ (for example, in sentences 15–16, 57–58), and such syntactic device, as (G)_____(in sentences 3, 68, 69).”

List of terms
1) synonyms 2) comparison 3) metonymy 4) litotes
5) colloquial vocabulary 6) rows of homogeneous members
7) rhetorical exclamations 8) anaphora 9) rhetorical appeals
26. Write an essay based on the text you read.
Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.
Comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid excessive quoting).
Formulate the position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).
The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.
ANSWERS:
1. Answer: 23|32.
2. Answer: i.
3. Answer: 3.
4. Answer: started.
5. Answer: technical.
6. Answer: shampoo.
7. Answer: 45691
8. Answer: subtraction
9. Answer: agreement prototype
10. Answer: capture
11. Answer: graduated
12. Answer: unusual
13. Answer: also
14. Answer: 34.
15. Answer: 35
16. Answer: 1236
17. Answer: 12
18. Answer: 1.
19. Answer: 3457.
20. Answer: cold.
21. Answer: 22
22. Answer: 245.
23. Answer: to glory
24. Answer: 25
25. Answer: 5287

1. The problem of the role of holidays in human life. (What role does a holiday play in a person’s life?)
1. The holiday is very important for people. And this applies to both children and adults. Children can sincerely rejoice and have fun, this helps them forget about all the troubles and feel happy. And adults, thanks to the holiday, forget about age, about problems, and plunge into childhood, happy and carefree.

2. The problem of mercy. (What is mercy? How does it manifest itself? Do a person’s financial capabilities affect the ability to be merciful?)
2. Charity is the ability to care for others. Organizing a holiday is also an act of mercy, since it is an attempt to give children a piece of happiness. A person, even alone, can do a truly good deed, show mercy, because this feeling comes from within, it does not require large financial expenses, a person is driven only by the desire to help, please, make happy.

3. The problem of a good deed, the role of a dear deed in a person’s life. (What is the role of a good deed in our lives?)
3. When a person does good and brings happiness to others, this makes him happy.

* To formulate a problem, the examinee may use vocabulary that differs from that presented in the table. The problem can also be cited from the original text or indicated using links

Option 2

Part 1

Read the text and complete tasks 1-3 .

(1) On March 22, 1993, news agencies around the world reported sensational news: an unknown robotic engineer, Rudolf Gantenbrink, had made the most outstanding discovery of the decade. (2) Gantenbrink, who was hired by the German Archaeological Institute located in Cairo to study the possibility of installing a ventilation system in the Great Pyramid, sent a remote-controlled robot he created into the southern ventilation shaft of the burial chamber. (3)<…>having walked sixty-five meters, which was about half the distance, the robot sent a video image in which a door with a very mysterious void behind it was clearly visible.

1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) German engineer Rudolf Gantenbrink created a special robot to explore ventilation shafts in the Great Pyramid, and this invention made the scientist famous.

2) A robot created by engineer Gantenbrink, while exploring a ventilation shaft in the Great Pyramid, discovered a mysterious door in this shaft, and this news shocked the whole world.

3) Robotics engineer Rudolf Gantenbrink, exploring the ventilation shaft of the Great Pyramid with the help of a controlled robot, made an amazing discovery: there is a door in the shaft.

4) Rudolf Gantenbrink's robot, having completed half the journey in one of the mines in Cairo, sent the operator a clear video image.

5) In March 1993, sensational news spread throughout the world that an unknown robotics engineer, Rudolf Gantenbrink, had created a radio-controlled robot.

2. Which of the following words or combinations of words should be missing in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

On the contrary, Therefore, In all likelihood, And Probably

3. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word WORK. Determine in what sense this word is used in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

JOB, -s, zh.r.

1) Being in action, the activity of something, the process of converting energy of one type into another. R. machines.

2) Occupation, work. Physical river

3) Service, occupation at some kind. enterprise, institution as a source of income. To get a job.

4) plural Production activity of creating, processing something. Irrigation works.

5) Product of labor, finished product. Printed works.

4. In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.

WILL EASIER AIRPORTS SEALING STARTED TO THE BOTTOM

5. One of the sentences below uses the highlighted word incorrectly. Correct the mistake and write this word correctly.

On a difficult track, the advantage was given not to the owners of the most powerful engines, but to the most TECHNICAL racers.

Kolosentsev immediately stood up with a BUSINESS look.

She considered herself a backward, UNLUCKY creature, doomed to live a dull, hard life.

Wait! - he interrupted me excitedly. “You are putting me in a HUMILIATING position.”

ROMANTIC irony, gothic parody, fighting street song, forms of small magazine-satirical (colloquial) genres, Shrovetide laughter are uniquely combined in Heine’s wonderful poetic satire.

6. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form.Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

aroma SHAMPOOS in SEVEN HUNDRED versts for more than a LONG time got wet in the rain

several young ladies

7. Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and the sentences in which they were made: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

OFFERS

A) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

B) disruption of the connection between subject and predicate

C) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial phrase

D) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech

D) violation in the construction of sentences with homogeneous members

1) It was completely dark in the houses, squares, parks, it was deep night, from which something mysterious and mysterious wafted.

2) Without thinking for a second, Fedya rushed across the cyclist, who was riding straight towards little Dasha.

3) A small forest near the village, a tiny pond behind the garden, a small grandmother’s house - all this seemed to Nikolenka to be a huge world full of adventures.

4) Father promised that upon arrival from a business trip he would certainly tell in all details what he saw abroad.

5) All those who have found the strength to resist evil towards man will not allow cruelty towards nature.

6) When everyone expressed their point of view, after weighing all the pros and cons, we made a compromise decision.

7) D.S. Likhachev writes that “an intellectual can be recognized by his lack of aggressiveness, suspicion, inferiority complex, and gentleness of behavior.”

8) Anyone who was at Anna Dmitrievna’s party on that memorable day was struck by the luxurious decoration of her house.

9) After thinking a little, the professor said that even I, being an experienced surgeon, was not ready to take on such a complex operation, and it became clear that I, a doctor just starting my practice, could not cope.

8. Identify the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

arrived..speech see..forge (food) abandoned (fence) simplification subtraction..tanning

9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.

pr..following, (to) pr..dacha

up..small, about..sk

be..delicious, ..shaved (beard)

pr..highed, pr..layed down

with..agreement, pr..image

10. Write down the word in which the letter E is written in the blank.

oil..pressure..seal..quiet..on moving..

11. Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

rebuilt..finished..unacceptable..hopeful..flourished..expanded

12. Determine the sentence in which NOT is spelled together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.

This (UN)FAMILIAR person behaved as if he knew everyone well.

Our hero constantly (NOT) had enough money, because it was spent quickly and stupidly.

Today's performance turned out to be no more (NOT) INTERESTING than yesterday's.

(UN)ABLE to speak in public, Demidov was very worried before the meeting.

I didn’t know how to start a conversation in such an (UN)USUAL environment.

13. Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write down these two words.

Yegor sat alone for a long time in a (SEMI) DARK room, then he went out into the dining room, said something, but no one understood what he meant.

Krygin was also a specialist in this field, and well known.

My grandmother and I walked DEEPLY into the forest, but I wasn’t worried at all, because I knew: my grandmother knew this forest well enough to find the way back.

SO the director talked about the company’s plans for the coming year, and everyone listened attentively for several hours.

The children split into columns of (AT) TWO and (THAT) HOUR they hit the road.

14. Indicate all the numbers in whose place NN is written.

In mid-September it was windy (1)o; yellow and crimson(2) leaves, doomed(3) obeying the gusts of wind, circled in desperate(4) round dances through the streets and squares and, mingling with silver(5) cobwebs, flew off somewhere into the distance.

15. Punctuate . Specify two sentences in which you need to putONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) I wanted to give my mother a box or a hat or a silk muffler for her birthday.

2) At night it was freezing and stars dotted the sky.

3) At the Bird Market you could either buy the animals you liked or simply admire them.

4) Lightning flashed and for a few moments the forest was illuminated with an inexpressibly bright light and filled with bizarre shadows.

5) Copernicus reflected on the Ptolemaic system of the world and was amazed at its complexity and artificiality, illogicality and confusion.

16. Place all punctuation marks:

Nikolai Ivanovich (1) being a naturally strong and healthy person (2) that day, for no apparent reason, felt bad and (3) immediately interrupting the meeting (4) and (5) calling a car (6) went to his home .

17. Place all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

– You (1) guys (2) from the middle

Start off. And I will say:

I'm not the first shoes

I wear it here without repair.

Here (3) you (4) arrived at the place,

Take your guns and fight.

And who (5) of you (6) knows

What is Sabantui?

18. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

A literary work was conceived by stylistics as a closed and self-sufficient whole (1) all elements (2) of which (3) constitute a closed system (4) and do not presuppose any others outside of themselves

statements.

19. Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

When Zhenya decided to accept Alexander Semyonovich’s offer (1) and (2) a letter about this decision had already been sent to his Moscow address (3) she was going to go say goodbye to her aunt (4) so ​​that (5) despite the fact that (6 ) the relationship between them was very difficult (7) to receive a blessing from her.

20. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error,excluding unnecessary word. Write this word down.

Cold snow packed into the wrinkles of the bark, and the thick, three-girth trunk seemed stitched with silver threads.

Read the text and complete tasks 21-26

(1) It was Christmas Eve...

(2) The guard of the resettlement barracks, a retired soldier, with a gray beard like mouse fur, named Semyon Dmitrievich, or simply Mitrich, approached his wife and said cheerfully:

- (3) Well, woman, what a trick I came up with! (4) I say, the holiday is coming... (5) And for everyone it is a holiday, everyone rejoices at it... (6) Everyone has their own: who has new clothes for the holiday, who will have feasts... (7) For example, your room will be clean, I will also have my own pleasure: I’ll buy myself some sausages!..

- (8) So what? – the old woman said indifferently.

- (9) Otherwise, - Mitrich sighed again, - it will be like a holiday for everyone, but, I say, for the kids, it turns out there is no real holiday... (10) I look at them - and my heart bleeds : oh, I think it’s wrong!.. (11) It’s known, orphans... (12) Neither mother, nor father, nor relatives... (13) It’s awkward!.. (14) So I thought of this: it’s necessary amuse the children! (17) They’ll bring a Christmas tree, decorate it with candles and gifts, and their kids will just jump for joy!.. (18) The forest is close to us - I’ll cut down the Christmas tree and give the kids such fun!

(19) Mitrich winked cheerfully, smacked his lips and went out into the yard.

(20) Wooden houses covered with snow and covered with boards were scattered around the yard here and there. (21) From early spring until late autumn, settlers passed through the city. (22) There were so many of them, and they were so poor, that good people built these houses for them, which Mitrich guarded. (23) By autumn the houses were vacated, and by winter there was no one left except Mitrich and Agrafena and a few more children, no one knows whose. (24) These children’s parents either died or went to an unknown place. (25) Mitrich had eight such children this winter. (26) He settled them all together in one house, where he was going to have a holiday today.

(27) First of all, Mitrich went to the church warden to ask for some cinders of church candles to decorate the Christmas tree. (28) Then he went to the resettlement official. (29) But the official was busy; without seeing Mitrich, he ordered to say “thank you” to him and sent fifty dollars.

(30) Returning home, Mitrich did not say a word to his wife, but just chuckled silently and, looking at the coin, figured out when and how to arrange everything.

(31) “Eight children,” Mitrich reasoned, bending the clumsy fingers on his hands, “that means eight candies...”

(32)...It was a clear frosty afternoon. (33) With an ax in his belt, in a sheepskin coat and a hat, Mitrich returned from the forest, dragging a Christmas tree on his shoulder. (34) He was having fun, although he was tired. (35) In the morning he went to the city to buy candy for the children, and sausage for himself and his wife, which he was a passionate hunter for, but he rarely bought it and ate it only on holidays.

(36) Mitrich brought the tree and sharpened the end with an ax; then he adjusted it so that it would stand, and when everything was ready, he dragged it to the children in the barracks.

(37) When the tree warmed up, the room smelled of freshness and resin. (38) The children’s faces, sad and thoughtful, suddenly became cheerful... (39) No one yet understood what the old man was doing, but everyone was already anticipating pleasure, and Mitrich looked cheerfully at the eyes fixed on him from all sides.

(40) When the candles and sweets were already on the tree, Mitrich thought: the decoration was sparse. (41) No matter how keen he was on his idea, he could not hang anything on the tree except eight candies.

(42) Suddenly such a thought came to him that he even stopped. (43) Although he loved sausage very much and treasured every piece, the desire to treat him to glory overpowered all his considerations:

- (44) I’ll cut each one a circle and hang it on a string. (45) And a slice of bread, and also for the Christmas tree.

(46) As soon as it got dark, the tree was lit. (47) It smelled of melted wax, resin and herbs. (48) Always gloomy and thoughtful, the children screamed joyfully, looking at the lights. (49) Their eyes perked up, their faces blushed. (50) Laughter, screams and chatter enlivened for the first time this gloomy room, where from year to year only complaints and tears were heard. (51) Even Agrafena threw up her hands in surprise, and Mitrich, rejoicing from the bottom of his heart, clapped his hands. (52) Admiring the Christmas tree and the children having fun, he smiled. (53) And then he commanded:

- (54) Public! (55) Come! (56) Taking a piece of bread and sausage from the tree, Mitrich dressed all the children, then took Agrafena for himself.

- (57) Look, the orphans are chewing! (58) Look, they’re chewing! (59) Look! (60) Rejoice! - he shouted. (61) And then Mitrich took the harmonica and, forgetting his old age, started dancing with the children. (62) The children jumped, squealed and twirled merrily, and Mitrich did not lag behind them. (63) His soul was filled with such joy that he did not remember whether such a holiday had ever happened in his life.

- (64) Public! – he finally exclaimed. – (65) The candles are burning out. (66) Get yourself some candy, and it’s time to go to bed!

(67) The children screamed joyfully and rushed to the tree, and Mitrich, touched almost to the point of tears, whispered to Agrafena:

- (68) Good!.. (69) We can say directly: right!..

(according to N.D. Teleshov*)

* Nikolai Dmitrievich Teleshov (1867–1957) - Russian Soviet writer, poet, organizer of the famous circle of Moscow writers “Sreda” (1899–1916). The story “Yolka Mitrich” (1897) is part of the “Migrants” cycle, dedicated to the great resettlement beyond the Urals, to Siberia, where peasants were given plots of land.

21. Read sentences 19–29. Indicate the number of the sentence after which the next fragment should appear.

“The houses were always overcrowded, and meanwhile the settlers kept coming and coming. They had nowhere to go, so they set up huts in the field, where they hid with their family and children in the cold and bad weather. Some lived here for a week, two, and others for more than a month, waiting for their turn on the ship.”

22. Which of the following statements arefaithful ? Please provide answer numbers.

Enter the numbers in ascending order.

1) Sentences 10–13 present the narrative.

2) Sentence 19 presents a narrative.

3) Sentences 30–31 provide a description.

4) Proposition 47 indicates the consequence of what is said in sentence 46.

5) Sentences 61–62 present the narrative.

23. From sentences 42–51, write down a phraseological unit with the meaning “very good, excellent, great.”

24. Among sentences 20–26, find one(s) that is related to the previous one using a defining pronoun, a demonstrative pronoun, and lexical repetition. Write the number(s) of this sentence(s).

25. Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while completing tasks 20–23.

“Telling the reader the story of the holiday organized by Mitrich, N.D. Teleshov generously uses a wide variety of means of artistic expression. At the lexical level, it is worth noting the active use of (A)_____ (“theirs” in sentence 17, “adjust” in sentence 36, “Mitrich”), as well as such a trope as (B)_____ (in sentence 2). Among other means of expressiveness, one can distinguish such a device as (B)_____ (for example, in sentences 15–16, 57–58), and such a syntactic device as (D)_____ (in sentences 3, 68, 69).”

List of terms

1) synonyms 2) comparison 3) metonymy 4) litotes

5) colloquial vocabulary 6) rows of homogeneous members

7) rhetorical exclamations 8) anaphora 9) rhetorical appeals

26. Write an essay based on the text you read.

Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.

Comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid excessive quoting).

Formulate the position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).

The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

ANSWERS:

1. Answer: 23|32.

2. Answer: i.

3. Answer: 3.

4. Answer: started.

5. Answer: technical.

6. Answer: shampoo.

7. Answer: 45691

8. Answer: subtraction

9. Answer: agreement prototype

10. Answer: capture

11. Answer: graduated

12. Answer: unusual

13. Answer: it has to do with it too

14. Answer: 34.

15. Answer: 35

16. Answer: 1236

17. Answer: 12

18. Answer: 1.

19. Answer: 3457.

20. Answer: cold.

21. Answer: 22

22. Answer: 245.

23. Answer: to glory

24. Answer: 25

25. Answer: 5287

Explanation.

1. The holiday is very important for people. And this applies to both children and adults. Children can sincerely rejoice and have fun, this helps them forget about all the troubles and feel happy. And adults, thanks to the holiday, forget about age, about problems, and plunge into childhood, happy and carefree.

2. The problem of mercy. (What is mercy? How does it manifest itself? Do a person’s financial capabilities affect the ability to be merciful?)

2. Charity is the ability to care for others. Organizing a holiday is also an act of mercy, since it is an attempt to give children a piece of happiness. A person, even alone, can do a truly good deed, show mercy, because this feeling comes from within, it does not require large financial expenses, a person is driven only by the desire to help, please, make happy.

3. The problem of a good deed, the role of a dear deed in a person’s life. (What is the role of a good deed in our lives?)

3. When a person does good and brings happiness to others, this makes him happy.

* To formulate a problem, the examinee may use vocabulary that differs from that presented in the table. The problem can also be cited from the original text or indicated using links

— Good afternoon, Valery Dmitrievich, let's start with the latest events. Here, again, we had searches at night. Moreover, the searches are no longer of politicians, but of those who were identified as participants in these protests, as Sergei Semyonovich Sobyanin called them, “mass riots.” Although Varvara found out that what happened had nothing to do with the article of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Mass riots”.


- Yes, I, too, naturally, looked at this article, which is incriminated against the accused, and, naturally, there is nothing in common between the content of the article and what we all observed, personally and indirectly, on July 27. The authorities are now trying to stop the growth of protests in Moscow. And she does this in two ways that are familiar to her, or rather, three. The first way is to isolate potential and actual leaders. The second is to hang the sword of Damocles of criminal prosecution over all potential participants in future actions. And thirdly, she is launching a propaganda campaign. Received guidelines, that the State Department is supposedly behind all this, neither more nor less. Look how quickly Trump reacted to Navalny’s poisoning (real or alleged). And that all this, they say, is not without reason and that it is necessary to stop the “fire of the orange revolution”, the “orange plague” in the heart of Russia, in the Russian capital, at any cost. A natural analogy with the “Bolotnaya case” arises. But I think that the authorities are not ready to go that far yet. She would rather like to intimidate. But if the protest continues, I am inclined to believe that it will continue in an unsanctioned form. Because those who came out on July 27 felt the charm of freedom.

Unauthorized protests will continue, and then this will entail tougher repression. But this still will not stop the protests, since they have become decentralized.

This is becoming similar to the yellow vest movement in France, where protests have been going on for almost a year now, if my memory serves me correctly, and where the organizer has not been identified. This is quite possible to do in Moscow and other large cities of the Russian Federation. What we saw on July 27 was the transition of a political crisis from a latent phase to an open phase. This is the beginning of the open phase of the political crisis in the Russian Federation.

— From the point of view of social psychology, how do today’s protests differ from the protests of 2012? Some say that people have become more evil. Some say that they felt that, unlike in 2012, there were no prospects.

— Your question actually contains the answer. First of all, there is nothing left to lose. And everyone understands this well. Secondly, any illusions that you can go to the polls and achieve something are disappearing right now. In Russia there have always been supporters of gradual steps, evolutionary action. All these hopes are dashed. Whether you go to the polls or not, you simply won’t be allowed to participate anyway. And third, people are tired of being afraid. It is very important. They are tired of being afraid. This is the part that took to the streets on July 27, she is freed from this fear, she broke through this barrier or it became lower for her and they are aware of this.. This did not happen in 2012, when the repressions first hit. But now they know that they have to pay for participating in politics, and they are ready. That is, a natural moral and psychological political selection took place, if you like. And this selection will forge, I am not afraid of this word, a galaxy of real revolutionaries.


- Yesterday, one of my acquaintances wrote that I was listening to the frightening speeches of the Prosecutor General, who is whipping up something about mass unrest, that now we will restore order, and so on, and all of Moscow and the region know that his son is involved in the garbage business and he polluted the entire Moscow region with his garbage dumps. Here he sits with a serious look, saying something, and people know that the stench from landfills is part of his son’s business. That is, they are no longer perceived as legitimate power. After all, the police who screwed people in the center of Moscow are the same people who beat people at landfills and during spot developments, acting as servants of the construction and garbage mafia. That is, people are beginning to develop some kind of immunity to these menacing statements from the security forces.


- These people went through school. I completely agree with your explanation, Yuri, that the government there has lost its legitimacy, because key representatives are mired in crimes. It's true. But what matters is how people perceive it all. They are tired of seeing all this, they are tired of enduring and they understand that they were left with no other choice. They just didn't leave it.
When you and I write books about how the next revolution began in Russia, we will use all these terms to legitimize power. When we look at this at the everyday level, in our everyday life, what words do we use? Enough. I can't stand it anymore. Enough. This is a feeling of moral satiety, right? What next, if we tolerate, we cease to be human. It’s no longer even a question of whether I’m a citizen or not. We simply cease to be human. This is how people defend their human dignity.

That is, “not to be a beast,” as in this song?

-Yes. This is a very good song, by the way. It could very well be an anthem. Yes, “not to be a beast” is absolutely true.
— Yes... In your opinion, this is why they decided not to admit candidates? Was this some kind of miscalculation by the authorities or do they simply not care anymore?

- Well, you know, Var, both are true. Firstly, they are completely lazy, well, just completely, they don’t want to be sophisticated, they rely only on blunt force, that’s blunt force and an absolute disregard for public opinion. And secondly, I can put this first, a mistake was made in assessing the situation. We decided: it’s summer, people will swallow it. Well, before they swallowed it. Remember? Well, since they've grabbed it before, they'll grab it this time too. An, they didn’t steal it.

I have a feeling that for many who went to the rally on July 20, on the 27th, who will come out on August 3, they don’t care at all who the candidate is. They have a sense of the moral intolerance of the situation.

This seems very important to me. Moreover, the process of collecting signatures itself... To be honest, if you collect signatures, you somehow involve people in this matter, each candidate involves several thousand people.

You and I have said several times that people have changed psychological image, they don’t want to endure anymore, they want change. Not all of them are willing to pay for change, that's true, but those who came out on July 27 are clearly willing to pay for change. including your own, perhaps, freedom, and your own health. It is obvious. To be honest, I didn’t see such bitterness in ’12. It wasn't easy. Then people hoped that they would be able to somehow get through, everything would be much simpler. And now they understand that they will have to fight for real. This is the qualitative difference in the situation. And the authorities also did not appreciate the change in mass sentiment. Moreover, there is a qualitative change in mass sentiment. So, she made mistakes and this could have been avoided, or at least on this scale. because this is an unprecedented mobilization for the height of summer.

By the way, in event, which as of August 3 had already registered almost twice more people than on the 27th. How can you explain this?

— There is such a field of scientific knowledge - the study of revolution, revolutionary studies. It says that if society perceives the government as illegitimate, then repression by the government is perceived as illegal and increases the political mobilization of protesters. This is exactly what we have come to now. The more they press, the stronger the force of opposition. Now we are seeing this in real time. This is considered a very important qualitative point for any political crisis, it means that we are simply starting to creep into revolution. Not in a crisis, but in a revolution, when people’s desire to resist grows.



“We discovered yesterday that the event itself was organized according to a very interesting scheme. There are about 5 points on the boulevards, starting from Strastnoy and ending with Pokrovka. And it goes on Roundabout Circulation along the boulevard ring.

— Visualization is important for protest. In my opinion, you can use the colors of the national flag, such as a ribbon or badge, for this. Then people understand that there are many of them, and arresting people because they have a badge with the national flag is already an admission that a coup d’etat has taken place in Russia.

— In your opinion, are the elections already over or, perhaps, Pamfilova will be able to turn on the ombudsman regime and again play some role?

- Well, it’s not Pamfilova who decides. Her powers have always been limited, this is decided at a higher level. IN in this case, the policy regarding the Moscow protests is determined by the security forces at the federal level. Sobyanin was on the side here, they gave me the text and said “Read it, protect the Russian Guard.” By the way, on July 27, the Russian Guard was instructed not to spare batons. They were told, “We’ll get you off your back, don’t worry.” This caused tension between them and the police.

And who does Gorbunov from the Moscow City Election Commission work for?

— In this case, everything came under the control of the security forces, because the security forces are now preventing a color revolution. On July 27, snipers were sitting on the roof of Tverskaya.

— Do I understand correctly that our nomination to the Moscow City Duma is now equated to the “Orange Revolution”?

- Still, they haven’t come that far yet. They made a conclusion, I don’t know on what basis. But, considering that these are people who have serious mental problems, they are the people who assess the situation. I don’t know what kind of intelligence information they received.

“But it seems to me that they just invent them themselves.”

- You see, this is what they are afraid of. They are most afraid of revolution. They view the revolution as generals preparing for past battles. They think that a crowd will gather and take over some government building and set up a camp there. So it needs to be prevented. Therefore, like Pavlov’s dog, they reacted to the appearance of a tent on July 14 near the building of the Moscow City Election Commission. This immediately became a signal to them that this was preparation for a revolution.

—And you know that specially hired provocateurs carried these tents and waved candidates’ signs near them. But that’s not the point, the point is that there wouldn’t have been any tents if there hadn’t been these vile scenes when the signatures of opposition candidates were rejected. Moreover, everyone knew that the signatures that United Russia’s “self-nominees” collected were not collected from living people, but for some reason it was their signatures that were checked according to an accelerated procedure.

—Everything you say is the pure truth, but 2-3 years ago society would have swallowed this whole situation, would have been indignant, but would not have gone out into the streets. Now people have changed, they began to come out. And this is very important.

— Do you agree that there are simply very serious economic motives here, because they don’t need independent, non-corrupt candidates in the Moscow City Duma?

- Well, imagine: someone will consider the budget under magnifying glass and says “Look, why do so many billions go to curbs and landscaping, and not to hospitals?”

- And don’t just look at it! Nobody bothers us to look at it now; we rummage through it ourselves regularly. But with the powers of deputies, it seems to me that it is possible to create a completely different level of informing citizens about what is happening.

- Certainly! There's a lot of money at stake. And deputies have legal access to this information and will be able to quickly share it thanks to social networks, to which everyone has access in Moscow.


Information on the Moscow budget for 2019-2021 / Mos.ru
— Probably, the authorities “ran into trouble” even with the emergence of well-organized newindependentmunicipal deputies in 2017? And does this effect cause additional fear?

- Firstly, yes. Secondly, everything is being considered with an eye to the 2021 elections. Imagine, there, Yashin achieves success, Sobol achieves success. Yashin and Sobol are connected to Navalny. Gudkov achieves success. They publicize all these unseemly deeds, they become very well known and popular figures on a national or citywide scale, what will happen then in 21? They think with this in mind. And here they are thinking about the transit of power in order to carry out everything smoothly. They must win 80% of the constituencies during the Duma elections. There is already such a policy: 80% must be taken to ensure a majority in the State Duma. In voting on party lists, United Russia's chances are already decreasing almost every day.

In fact, it was not clear initially and now remains unclear how many of the opposition candidates could get into the Moscow City Duma. But the authorities do not want to take risks, this is important. It assumes that people are hiding their true allegiances now, more so than before, and therefore the election results may be unexpected. That is, they don’t even trust sociology, and sociology didn’t look its best. At least in some districts. Therefore, we decided simply not to risk it. This decision was made initially. This was a fundamental preliminary installation: not to let in either Gudkov, Yashin, or Sobol. And it was precisely on this issue that there was complete consensus between the presidential administration and the Moscow mayor’s office. Nobody expected such consequences. Now they probably think they should have let Mitrokhin in right away, then they would have split the conditional united front. Maybe someone else, they think, maybe one of the candidates who has less chance of getting through, you know? And then they took it and “banned” everyone. But it was possible not all, but the most dangerous ones. Just think, 1-2 people would have passed through, not very pleasant, but still tolerable. But, you see, they needed to achieve one hundred percent guarantees. That's "achieved". In fact, the institution of elections no longer exists.

It seems to me, you know, they simply did not expect that the candidates would be prepared, that they would have headquarters.

— Honestly, we didn’t expect that we would be able to collect so many signatures. We didn't expect it, yes.

— Couldn’t this be the result of complete incompetence in political matters of Sobyanin’s “new” team? This is Sergunina, who previously was generally involved in city property.

“I can say with absolute certainty that all the people who work with her on the subject of elections speak extremely negatively about her. They say that Rakova, no matter how she was treated, was a very good political manager, capable of clearly responding to analytics, to changing situations, and modifying the political behavior of the authorities. Sergunina is completely different. This is a question of how to make more money from elections.


Even so? Is this a laundering of campaign budgets?

— Huge amounts of money are being allocated for the campaign. I'm not kidding at all. This is allocated to field work, sociology, conducting and supporting independent candidates. It was possible to receive a budget, but it was several times larger than the budget of the opposition. We conditionally agreed to run as an independent candidate and said that I would campaign. They could have given you a lot.

The corrupt officials at this lower level have now brought the country to the brink of revolution.

“That’s how revolutions usually happen.” It is not revolutionaries who lead society to revolution. Power leads. And not because of great intelligence, but because of stupidity, mistakes and greed. Here are three motives. There are studies that show that all revolutions, from two-thirds to three-quarters of revolutions, begin as a result of mistakes by the authorities, and not as a result of objective facts and actions of revolutionaries. Nothing like this. The authorities simply provoke themselves. We see in the example of Moscow how this happens.

— As for nonsense, Mikhail Svetov was detained right at the exit from the city hall. A parliamentarian came to negotiate and was detained. That is, not only were the negotiations themselves of an ultimatum nature, but the parliamentarian was also detained. This is fine? Is this a mistake or intent?

- This is their style of thinking, this is how they think. But in doing so, the government creates serious problems for itself. Who will now talk to you about anything or who will believe even a single word you say? To use the jargon characteristic of the ruling generation, this is all very un-boyish. Boys don't behave like that. They will receive a similar reaction in return. They show a tendency towards unmotivated violence. People are given a free hand. What do we see? The de-anonymization of police officers and members of the Russian National Guard has begun, and threats have allegedly already been made to their families. And what will happen next? It’s not the opposition that’s doing this anymore. This is very important to understand. Now any discussion about the need for negotiations is over. Now no one will debate whether changes need to be achieved in a revolutionary way or in a radical way. The discussion is over. The authorities themselves put an end to it.

— So, if we conclude here, people have stopped perceiving the authorities as a party to negotiations?
- Yes. In a broad sense, they are no longer perceived as power. They are perceived as usurpers. It is very important. You can use a strong expression - like an occupying power. But I would say that if you are not legitimate, you become a usurper. You have no right. And if the usurper resorts to violence...

- That is278tharticle of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

“Then he pushes those who oppose the usurpation of power to violence. You and I have already discussed the Moscow City Duma in previous interviews. Did the opposition have a chance to get a majority, like, say, in 1996? No. Maximum - 4-5 places. You and I understand this well.

— What about preventive arrests of oppositionists? In the country, all independent candidates outraged by the illegal rejection of signatures were arrested for a period of 10 to 30 days. This is a scandal! In essence, society was demonstratively “planted” with these false cases, which in no way correspond to the law and reality, just like drugs were given to Ivan Golunov.

- This is mistake. Politically this is a mistake. Protests will appear anyway, there will be other leaders. People have shown the ability to self-organize and act beyond legitimate leaders. This is the most dangerous thing that can happen - when the government deprives itself of the second party to the negotiations, the subject of the negotiations. When an autonomist movement appears that says: well, what can I talk to you about? You'll arrest us all. We will begin to act anonymously. This immediately increases the degree of violence, when people are afraid to negotiate, hide their faces, but at the same time are ready to protest, this automatically leads to an increase in the degree of confrontation and the degree of violence. Again, whose fault is this? This is a self-evident answer. This is important to understand. You and I are witnessing an absolute textbook development of the well-known political scientist and historian’s thesis that “The road to upheaval is paved by power.” It’s not the opposition, it’s the government that does this. Also notice how persistently and consistently she does this. Step by step.

— Valery Dmitrievich, then the last question. I'll ask again about the 3rd number. On the 27th a lot of people came out - despite some stuffing intimidating, warning about certain provocations, secret weapons. In fact it was even a very powerful hidden company. Now we have moved from stuffing and intimidation to specific arrests and imprisonments, cases have been opened under criminal articles, for which there is no suspended sentence, there is only one sanction - imprisonment. Now, if, despite all this, the same number of people come out on the 3rd as came out on the 27th, what will this say, in your opinion?

“This will indicate that the protests are taking on a new quality.” In its, at least, moral and psychological aspect. Next should follow in the fall the unification of protesters, the movement on a national platform. You can’t limit yourself to Moscow only. To achieve success, you need to go beyond Moscow. I think the protesters will come to sense this. Now the protesters are simply testing their own strength and power. It is important for people to feel their new state.

I had a feeling that on July 27th they caught the drive, what I observed, my extensive communication, incl. with those people who came for the first time, I was surprised by their reaction: “You know, we liked it, we’ll definitely come out!” We want to fight for freedom, we like to fight for freedom!” That's what they wrote to me. I believe that this is a very important moral and psychological shift. And then he will push for other political forms: for unification, for developing a long-term strategy, because in order to solve the problem of power in the country, a long-term strategy and national actions are needed. This is understandable, right? We'll get to this in the fall. I want to say that repression will become more severe. The repressive machine will operate for a year, starting in August. But by next year it will simply break.

- Why do you think it will break?

“She won’t be able to handle the stress she will face.” She will face growing protests. First. And second, a very strong moral and psychological breakdown will occur inside the machine itself. The risks will increase, you know? The risks for those inside the machine itself will increase sharply, and motivation will disappear. I can still understand, relatively speaking, the advanced Russian Guard who receive 50-60 thousand rubles. For them, coming from small towns, this is a lot of money. Plus hatred for Muscovites. Imagine these protests all over Russia. The Russian Guard definitely does not have enough strength. By the way, there are not many of them at all. I mean capable. This is the first. Secondly, there are officers, they will begin to think: is it worth risking their own lives and future for the sake of the generals. In any political crisis, such a moment occurs when the loyalty of the repressive machine begins to break. And according to my estimates, not only mine, by the way, the loyalty of the repressive machine will not last long.

Interviewed by Varvara Gryaznova and Yuri Ivanov.

Wednesday, July 31, 2019


I don’t know in detail what the situation is with fires in Siberia, but, as my local comrades explained, at first they thought that there was no need to extinguish them, and then, when they realized that they had to, it turned out that it wouldn’t be possible. And they decided that now we must continue to say that it was not necessary, because if we say that, after all, it was necessary, it will turn out that we have crap ourselves.

I had a classmate in elementary school who crapped himself in class and tried hard to pretend that nothing had happened. He sat at his desk with a concentrated face and did not get up. And everyone, of course, realized that something was wrong, they sniffed, whispered, in general, it was uncomfortable. During the break we found out what happened and to whom. Because everyone was running and jumping, and he sat - gloomy, serious, immersed in his textbook.
The teacher saved us. She said: “Vasya, I’m letting you go, go home.” He got up and left. And everyone breathed a sigh of relief. True, not right away.

In the situation with fires in Siberia, it feels like there is no teacher in the class, or she is very busy. severe runny nose and she doesn't feel anything. And so those who crap themselves continue to sit and remain silent, pretending that nothing is happening. It's disturbing and sad.

The story of the Moscow City Duma elections is even sadder. I feel like the teacher in this class crap. But she, as if nothing had happened, continues to teach the lesson, and when someone expresses dissatisfaction, she gives two marks and calls the physical educator to bring order to the class. And he says: “Guys, what don’t you like? Look how beautiful our curtains are!”
So it was we who gave money to them...


We, independent municipal deputies of Moscow, express solidarity with
demand of tens of thousands of Muscovites who came out to peacefully protest on July 20, 2019.

We advocate fair, competitive elections as the only way for peaceful change.

We once again call on the Moscow City Election Commission to register all opposition candidates for deputies of the Moscow City Duma.

We are confident that such a decision will ensure civil peace and tranquility in our city.

We demand from Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin and the Moscow authorities not to interfere with the Moscow City Election Commission to impartially consider the legitimate complaints of candidates about refusal of registration and make the only correct and legal decision on their registration so as not to aggravate the social situation in our city.

If the city authorities continue to block political competition and insist on an unfair and illegal decision to remove the candidates who have collected signatures, we are ready to present our demands at a public gathering near the Moscow City Hall on Saturday, July 27, together with our voters. We are ready to support Muscovites at this event with our personal authority and presence.

We call on the police to ensure the safety of citizens exercising their constitutional right to peaceful protest and are committed to assisting citizens in protecting the interests of society and local government.

1 Filina Elena Evgenievna, Vernadsky Avenue;
2 Filchenko Galina Aleksandrovna, Tverskoy;
3 Titov Vyacheslav Konstantinovich, Tverskoy;
4 Yakubovich Yakov Borisovich, Tverskoy
5 Kotov Viktor Nikolaevich, Basmanny;
6 Tikhonova Asiya Firdavisovna, Khamovniki;
7 Pishchalnikov Alexander Sergeevich, Troparevo-Nikulino;
8 Volnov Yuri Anatolyevich, Preobrazhenskoye;
9 Dikarev Vasily Andreevich, Yakimanka;
10 Shcherbakova Yulia Anatolyevna, Cheryomushki;
11 Petrov Dmitry Alexandrovich, Yakimanka;
12 Melkumov Alexander Alexandrovich, Khamovniki;
13 Venediktov Vadim Arkadevich, Khamovniki;
14 Nakhimson Alexander Emmanuilovich, Khamovniki;
15 Surikova Irina Evgenievna, Filevsky Park;
16 Ataulin Vadim Rafailovich, Voikovsky;
17 Ilyin Nikita Igorevich, Voikovsky;
18 Romashkevich Anastasia Yuryevna, Presnensky;
19 Kolodkin Efim Romanovich, Arbat;
20 Vilents Alexey Viktorovich, Cheryomushki;
21 Komissarova Natalya Lvovna, Preobrazhenskoye;
22 Kakitelashvili Sergey Ilyich, Arbat;
23 Zalischak Vladimir Borisovich, Donskoy;
24 Alifanov Anton Viktorovich, Khamovniki;
25 Krashakova Tatyana Vladimirovna, Kuntsevo;
26 Tsukasov Sergey Sergeevich, Ostankino;
27 Chudnovsky Alexander Olegovich, Khamovniki;
28 Alieva Elizaveta Romanovna, Maryina Roshcha;
29 Kasimova Tatyana Leonidovna, Khamovniki;
30 Chernikova Tatyana Grigorievna, Troparevo-Nikulino;
31 Alyokhina Natalya Anatolyevna,
Dorogomilovo;
32 Andreeva Tatyana Gennadievna, Dorogomilovo;
33 Ulyanenko Irina Anatolyevna, Dorogomilovo;
34 Trifonov Sergey Yurievich, Dorogomilovo;
35 Rusakova Elena Leonidovna, Gagarinsky;
36 Gongalsky Maxim Bronislavovich, Ramenki;
37 Prushinsky Sergey Anatolyevich, Teply Stan;
38 Kruglova Anna Lvovna, Sokol;
39 Azar Ilya Vilyamovich, Khamovniki;
40 Truntaev Gennady Fedorovich, Timiryazevsky;
41 Vdovin Sergey Evgenievich, Timiryazevsky;
42 Galyamina Yulia Evgenievna, Timiryazevsky;
43 Morev Andrey Zinovievich, Yakimanka;
44 Kolesnik Anton Valerievich, Airport;
45 Biryukov Mikhail Yurievich, Krasnoselsky;
46 Gospodarik Nikolai Yurievich, Khamovniki;
47 Zuev Yuri Borisovich, Gagarinsky;
48 Zelenov Dmitry Gennadievich, Yakimanka;
49 Dolinsky Maxim Semyonovich, Meshchansky;
50 Selkova Elena Andreevna, Cheryomushki;
51 Khalezov Ivan Aleksandrovich, Bogorodskoye;
52 Tatsiy Egor Sergeevich, Zamoskvorechye;
53 Leonova Vera Alexandrovna, Zamoskvorechye;
54 Barantsev Viktor Sergeevich, Zamoskvorechye;
55 Panov Alexey Vladimirovich, Konkovo;
56 Zhuikova Nadezhda Mikhailovna, Academic;
57 Gryaznova Anna Mikhailovna, Khamovniki;
58 Gagarin Alexander Nikolaevich, Troparevo-Nikulino;
59 Tsarenko Tatyana Vladimirovna, Izmailovo;
60 Velmakin Mikhail Vadimovich, Otradnoe;
61 Reinhimmel Yuri Alexandrovich, Meshchansky;
62 Gretskaya Marina Valerievna, Tverskoy;
63 Yashin Ilya Valerievich, Krasnoselsky;
64 Belavsky Evgeny Vladimirovich, Timiryazevsky
65 Gruzdeva Alexandra Nikolaevna, Troparevo-Nikulino
66 Vitkovskaya Kira Georgievna, Vnukovskoe village
67 Vasiliev Nikolay Vladimirovich, Presnensky
68 Gershberg Evgenia Igorevna, Troparevo-Nikulino
69 Vasandani Tatyana Mikhailovna, Academic
70 Khananashvili Nodari Lotarievich, Academic
71 Oleshkevich Denis Valerievich, Savelovsky
72 Lukyanenko Alexey Vladimirovich, Zyuzino;
73 Ivanov Mikhail Sergeevich, Zyuzino;
74 Gurylev Boris Vyacheslavovich, Zyuzino;
75 Kezin Mikhail Sergeevich, Ostankino;
76 Petrunin Maxim Maksimovich, Krylatskoye;
77 Mostinskaya Olga Sergeevna, Filevsky Park;
78 Glek Igor Vladimirovich, Troparevo-Nikulino;
79 Ivashkina Elena Valerievna, Presnensky;
80 Khoroshilov Vasily Vadimovich, Academic;
81 Shaposhnikova Anna Svetlana Alfredovna, Northern Tushino;
82 Yarilin Pavel Anatolyevich, Airport;
83 Makarova Natalya Viktorovna, Tagansky;
84 Kopkina Irina Nikolaevna, Strogino;
85 Mishchenko Ilya Alexandrovich, Krasnoselsky;
86 Silaeva Ekaterina Gennadievna, Northern Izmailovo;
87 Guller Nonna Viktorovna, Arbat;
88 Prokuronov Denis Dmitrievich, Filevsky Park;
89 Denezhkina Marina Nikolaevna, Butyrsky;
90 Ber Ilya Leonidovich, Preobrazhenskoye;
91 Korovin Vadim Alexandrovich, Filevsky Park;
92 Larichev Andrey Viktorovich, Fili-Davydkovo;
93 Devyatov Alexey Alekseevich, Fili-Davydkov;
94 Klochkov Dmitry Vladimirovich, Maryina Roshcha
95 Stusov Anton Aleksandrovich, Academic;
96 Dovgal Sergey Fedorovich, Timiryazevsky;
97 Remizova Evgenia Mikhailovna, Basmanny;
98 Kuksina Natalya Sergeevna, Timiryazevsky;
99 Kravchuk Olga Vladimirovna, Rostokino;
100 Langar Artem Rahimullovich, Gagarinsky; Dmitry Gudkov (5th district), Director of the Anti-Corruption Foundation Ivan Zhdanov(8th district), municipal deputy from Zyuzino Konstantin Jankauskas(31 districts). In addition, the working group examined complaints Lyubov Sobol(43rd district) and Elena Rusakova(37th district), however, the forecast for registration is also negative, which is why Lyubov Sobol

Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and the sentences in which they were made: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS OFFERS

A) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

B) disruption of the connection between subject and predicate

C) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial phrase

D) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech

D) violation in the construction of sentences with homogeneous members

1) It was completely dark in the houses, squares, parks, it was deep night, from which something mysterious and mysterious wafted.

2) Without thinking for a second, Fedya rushed across the cyclist, who was riding straight towards little Dasha.

3) A small forest near the village, a tiny pond behind the garden, a small grandmother’s house - all this seemed to Nikolenka to be a huge world full of adventures.

4) Father promised that upon arrival from a business trip he would certainly tell in all details what he saw abroad.

5) All those who have found the strength to resist evil towards man will not allow cruelty towards nature.

6) When everyone expressed their point of view, after weighing all the pros and cons, we made a compromise decision.

7) D.S. Likhachev writes that “an intellectual can be recognized by his lack of aggressiveness, suspicion, inferiority complex, and gentleness of behavior.”

8) Anyone who was at Anna Dmitrievna’s party on that memorable day was struck by the luxurious decoration of her house.

9) After thinking a little, the professor said that even I, being an experienced surgeon, was not ready to take on such a complex operation, and it became clear that I, a doctor just starting my practice, could not cope.

Write down the numbers in your answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

ABINGD

Explanation (see also Rule below).

A) the incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition in sentence 4 is that the non-derivative preposition “by” in the meaning “after something” is used with a noun only in the form of the prepositional case, and not the dative

Let's give the correct spelling: Father promised that upon arrival from a business trip he would certainly tell in all details what he saw abroad.

Rule 7.7.2

7.7 INCORRECT USE OF THE CASE FORM OF A NOUN WITH A PREPOSITION

This type includes incorrectly constructed sentences with derived prepositions and the non-derivative preposition “po”.

7.7.1 Using the correct case form of a noun with derivative prepositions “thanks to”, “according to”, “contrary to”, “like”, “contrary”, “contrary”

After the prepositions “thanks to”, “according to”, “contrary to”, “like” and other nouns are used only in the dative case (to whom? to what?) and in no other.

Let's look at the sentences with errors:

Example 1. Real success can only be achieved through (what?) perseverance, determination and (what?) deep knowledge of a person. If the words “persistence, purposefulness” are in the dative case (which is true!), then the phrase “deep knowledge” is used in the genitive case, it needs to be corrected by writing “deep knowledge”.

Example 2. According to (what?) traditions established in the navy, crossing the equator was considered a significant event. We replace the case: according to (what?) “established traditions.”

Example 3. It was decided to carry out work on the strait, contrary to (what?) established rules, not in summer, but in winter. We replace: “contrary to established rules.”

Note 1. The preposition “thanks to” is used only when we are talking about the reasons that caused positive result. Therefore, phrases with this preposition in combination with something negative should be considered unsuccessful: Thanks to my mother's death, I grew up early. In this sentence you need to use the simple preposition “because of”.

Note 2. The preposition “thanks to” is called derivative because it was formed from the gerund “thanks to.” And these are completely different parts of speech. To the participle we pose the question “what are we doing?” and separated by commas either as a single word or as part of an adverbial phrase.

Compare: He successfully defended his thesis and, (doing what?) thanks to (who?) the project manager and (who else?) comrades for their help and support, he left the classroom. The participle “thanks to” is an additive action to the predicate “went out.”

He successfully defended his thesis thanks to (what?) the help of the project manager and his comrades. There is no way to ask the question “what are you doing?” this is not an additional action, this is a pretext. And there are no commas. A comma in sentences with the word “thanks to” can serve as a hint: it does not exist with a preposition.

7.7.2 With a noun there is a preposition “by”

The non-derivative preposition “by” in the meaning “after something” is used with a noun only in the form of the prepositional case, and not the dative case

Therefore, the sentences below are constructed wrong:

Upon arrival Yu When he arrived in Moscow he felt unwell.

Upon arrival at In Venice, I immediately visited several of my old acquaintances.

Upon completion Yu construction workers left the site in perfect order.

Upon completion Yu courses in English I received a certificate.

In these sentences, the preposition “by” means “after something,” so the word after it had to be used in the prepositional form, not the dative case:

upon arrival in Moscow (= after arrival in Moscow), upon arrival in Venice (= after arrival in Venice), upon completion of construction (= after completion of construction), upon completion of courses (= after completion).

The following construction of these sentences would be correct:

Upon arrival in Moscow, he felt unwell.

Upon arrival in Venice, I immediately visited several of my old acquaintances.

Upon completion of construction, the workers left the site in perfect order.

Upon completion of the English language courses, I received a certificate.

Remember:

upon arrival (= after arrival),

upon arrival (= after arrival),

upon completion (= after completion),

upon completion (= after finishing).

7.7.3 With a noun there is a derived preposition “due to”, “due to”, “in case”, “provided”, “with help” and others

These prepositions also arose as a result of the transition from independent parts of speech and require genitive case from the nouns behind them.

Due to (who? what?) bad weather;

Due to (who? what?) frosts;

In case of (who? what?) success

B) the violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate in sentence 5 is that with the subject ALL the predicate is in singular. number, but it is necessary in multiplicity.

The sentence can be rearranged as follows: All those who have found the strength to resist evil towards humans will not allow cruelty towards nature.

Rule 7.3.1

7.3. Agreement of the predicate with the subject

INTRODUCTION

Subject - main member offers, which agrees with its predicate according to the laws of grammar.

The subject and predicate usually have the same grammatical forms of number, gender, person, for example: The clouds are rushing, the clouds are swirling; The invisible moon illuminates the flying snow; The sky is cloudy, the night is cloudy.

In such cases, we can talk about agreement of the predicate with the subject. However, the correspondence of the grammatical forms of the main members of the sentence is not necessary; incomplete correspondence of the grammatical forms of the main members is possible: My whole life has been a guarantee of a faithful date with you- correspondence of number forms, but different shapes s kind; Your destiny is endless troubles- mismatch of number forms.

The grammatical connection of the main members of a sentence is considered coordination. This grammatical connection is broader and freer than agreement. It can contain different words; their morphological properties do not necessarily have to correspond to each other.

When coordinating the main members of a sentence, the problem of choosing the number forms of the predicate arises when the gender/number of the subject is difficult to determine. This “Help” section is devoted to consideration of these issues.

7.3.1. In a complex sentence, pronouns act as subjects

If a sentence (and not necessarily a sentence!) uses a pronoun as the subject, then you need to know a number of rules that prescribe how to correctly coordinate the predicate with it.

A) If the subject is expressed by the pronouns WHO, WHAT, NO ONE, NOTHING, SOMEONE, SOMEONE, WHOEVER, then the predicate is put in the singular form: For example: [Those ( who neglect the opinions of others) risk being left alone].

EXAMPLE 1 (Whoever comes), [everyone will know].

EXAMPLE 2 [Nobody knew (that the class was postponed).]

EXAMPLE 1 (Whoever comes, [everyone will know].

EXAMPLE 2 [Nobody knew (that the class was postponed).]

B) If the subject is expressed by a plural pronoun TE, ALL, the predicate is put in the plural form. If the subject is expressed by pronouns in singular TOT, TA, TO, the predicate is put in singular form. For example: [ THOSE (who graduated from school with honors) have a greater chance of entering a university on a free basis].

This proposal is built on the following model:

[Those (who+ predicate), ...predicate...]. And this is the most common model in which it is proposed to find an error. Let's analyze the structure complex sentence: in the main sentence the pronoun “those” is the subject, plural. h; “have” - predicate, plural This corresponds to rule B.

Now pay attention to the subordinate clause: “who” is the subject, “finished” is the predicate in the singular. This corresponds to rule A.

Let's look at sentences with grammatical errors:

EXAMPLE 1 [Everyone (who purchased tickets at the box office) must independently check in for the flight].

EXAMPLE 2. [Those (who have seen the northern lights at least once) will no longer be able to forget this extraordinary phenomenon].

EXAMPLE 3. [Those (who are planning a vacation for the summer) buy tickets in the spring].

Here are the corrected options:

EXAMPLE 1 [Everyone (who purchased tickets at the box office) must independently check in for the flight].

EXAMPLE 2. [Those (who have seen the northern lights at least once) will no longer be able to forget this extraordinary phenomenon].

In examples 1 and 2 the error is easy to see: it is enough to throw out the subordinate clause. In the following example, the error often goes undetected.

EXAMPLE 3. [Those ( who is planning a vacation for the summer), buy tickets in the spring].

C) If the subject is expressed by the phrase ONE OF..., EACH OF..., NONE OF... then the predicate is put in singular form. If the subject is expressed by the phrase MANY OF..., SOME OF..., ALL OF... then the predicate is put in the plural form. For example: [None of those (who took the prize) wanted to go to the republican competition].

Let's look at sentences with grammatical errors:

EXAMPLE 4 [Many of those (who visited Mikhailovsky Park) were amazed at the size of the ancient estate trees].

EXAMPLE 5 [Each of us (who has been in a similar situation) certainly thought about ways out of it].

EXAMPLE 6 [Each of the parties (who presented their project) defended its advantages over other projects].

Here are the corrected options:

EXAMPLE 4 [Many of those (who visited Mikhailovsky Park) were amazed at the size of the ancient estate trees].

EXAMPLE 5 [Each of us (who has been in a similar situation) certainly thought about ways out of it].

EXAMPLE 6 [Each side, (who presented her project), defended its advantages over other projects].

D) If the sentence contains the phrase WHO, HOW NOT..., the predicate is put in the singular masculine form. For example: Who, if not parents, SHOULD teach children the ability to communicate?

This phrase can be considered as clarifying, see other examples in paragraph 7.3.3, part B.

Let's look at sentences with grammatical errors:

EXAMPLE 7 Who, if not us, should worry about the cleanliness of our cities?

EXAMPLE 8 Who, if not your mother, taught you an example of endurance and love of life?

Here are the corrected options:

EXAMPLE 7 Who, if not us, should worry about the cleanliness of our cities?

EXAMPLE 8 Who, if not your mother, taught you an example of endurance and love of life?

7.3.2 Coordination of predicate with subject, expressed word or combination of words with the meaning of quantity

When coordinating the main members of a sentence, the problem of choosing the forms of the number of the predicate arises when the subject indicates many objects, but appears in the singular.

A) The subject is a collective noun and words close to them in meaning.

Collective nouns denote a collection of homogeneous objects or living beings as an indivisible whole: FOLIAGE, OAK, ASPEN, CHILDREN, STUDENTS, TEACHING, PROFESSORY, PEASANTRY. They have only the singular form, are not combined with cardinal numbers and with words denoting units of measure, but can be combined with the words a lot/little or how much: A LITTLE RELATIVES, A LITTLE LEAVES, A LOT OF MOVIES.

Close to them in terms of the meaning of collectiveness are the words PEOPLE, PACK, ARMY, GROUP, CROWD; THOUSAND, MILLION, HUNDRED; THREE, PAIR; DARKNESS, ABYSS, MANY AND OTHERS

The subject expressed by a collective noun requires the predicate to be placed only in the singular form:

For example: The children frolicked in the courtyard of the house; young people often take the initiative.

The subject expressed by a noun like GROUP, CROWD also requires putting the predicate only in the singular form:

For example: A group of festival participants shared their impressions; three horses rushed under the windows

Let's look at sentences with grammatical errors:

EXAMPLE 1. Within three recent years The management of the Central and regional markets have repeatedly filed complaints with higher organizations.

EXAMPLE 3. A couple of lovers were sitting on a bench.

Here are the corrected options: 

EXAMPLE 1. Over the past three years, the management of the Central and regional markets has repeatedly filed complaints with higher organizations.

EXAMPLE 3. A couple of lovers were sitting on a bench.

B) The subject is a collective noun with a quantitative meaning

The nouns MOST, MINORITY, PLURAL, SERIES, PART, despite the grammatical form of the singular, denote not one object, but many, and therefore the predicate can take not only the singular form, but also the plural. For example: On this pond... countless ducks were bred and kept; Many hands are knocking on all the windows from the street, and someone is breaking on the door. Which form should you prefer?

A subject containing the collective nouns MOST, MINORITY, PLURAL, SERIES, PART requires putting the predicate only in the singular form if:

A) there are no dependent words from a collective noun

Some went on vacation, and some stayed; many fled Axis, a minority remained

b) a collective noun has a singular dependent word

With a subject containing the words MAJORITY, MINORITY, PLURAL, SERIES, PART, you can put the predicate in both the plural and plural form, if the noun has a dependent word in the plural:

Most students passed the test; a number of participants demonstrated excellent knowledge.

Some of the books were purchased for the library; a number of objects were delivered ahead of schedule

The plural of the predicate in such constructions usually indicates the activity of the characters.

Let's consider cases in which the use of a plural predicate is permitted and permissible.

The predicate is put
in the singular, ifin the plural, if
The activity of animate persons is not emphasized:

Some of the conference participants didn't accept participation in discussion

Activity is emphasized. The subject is animate.

Most writers decidedly rejected editor fixes. Most students are good answered at the lesson.

Activity is not emphasized; the passive participle indicates that the object itself does not perform the action.

A number of employeesattracted to responsibility.

Activity is emphasized in the presence of a participial or adverbial phrase.
The activity is not emphasized, the subject is inanimate

Most items lay in disarray

A number of workshops manufactures parts for our workshop.

Activity is also indicated by a number of homogeneous members:

Majority editors, proofreaders, authors, reviewers studied these documents.

Most editors got order, got acquainted with its content and done necessary conclusions. A series of homogeneous predicates.

Nevertheless, it must be taken into account that the singular form of the predicate is more consistent with the tradition of book and written styles and the use of the plural form of the predicate must be clearly justified. An error in the Unified State Examination tasks would be the unreasonable placement of the predicate in the plural.

Let's look at sentences with grammatical errors:

EXAMPLE 4 Most of the tasks were not completed correctly enough.

EXAMPLE 5 A number of events will be held in Yelets, Voronezh, and Orel.

EXAMPLE 6 Many poems by this author have been published in the “Children’s Library” series

Here are the corrected options: 

EXAMPLE 4 Most of the tasks were not completed correctly. The predicate in the form of the passive participle indicates the passivity of the actor.

EXAMPLE 5 A number of events will take place in Yelets, Voronezh, and Orel. Events cannot act on their own, so the predicate must be used in the singular.

EXAMPLE 6 Many poems by this author were published in the “Children’s Library” series. The predicate in the form of the passive participle indicates the passivity of the actor.

C) The subject is a combination of a numeral and a noun

With a subject expressed by a quantitative-nominal combination, the same problem arises: in what number is it better to use the predicate. In Chekhov we find: Some three soldiers stood nearby at the very descent and were silent; He had two sons. L. Tolstoy preferred the following forms: Three men and a woman were sitting in the sleigh; Two feelings fought in his soul - good and evil.

Note: Such cases do not occur in Unified State Examination tasks, since there is a high possibility of misclassification of the type of error - such cases can be attributed to an error in the use of a numeral. Therefore, we will limit ourselves to general comments and note the most serious mistakes made in written works.

When a subject contains a numeral or a word with the meaning of quantity, you can put the predicate in both the plural and singular form:

Five years have passed; ten graduates chose our institute

The use of different forms depends on the meaning that the predicate brings to the sentence, activity and generality of action are emphasized many times. number.

The predicate is usually put in the singular if

The subject is a numeral ending in “one”:

Twenty-one students of our institute are members of the city volleyball team, But Twenty-two (three, four, five...) students of our institute are members of the city's national volleyball team

If the message records a particular fact, result, or when the message is given an impersonal character:

Twenty-two suits sold; About three or four students will be transferred to another class.

The predicate is expressed by a verb with the meaning of being, presence, existence, position in space:

Three kingdoms stood before her. The room had two windows with wide window sills. Three windows of the room faced north

Wrong: Three kingdoms stood. The room had two windows with wide window sills. Three windows of the room faced north

A single number, creating an idea of ​​a single whole, is used to designate a measure of weight, space, time:

To paint the roof you will need thirty-four kilograms of drying oil. Twenty-five kilometers remained until the end of the journey. A hundred years have passed. However, it seems that eleven o'clock has already struck. Five months have elapsed since then

Wrong: Thirty-four kilograms of drying oil will be required to paint the roof; Twenty-five kilometers remained until the end of the journey. A hundred years have passed. However, it seems that eleven o'clock has already struck. Five months have passed since then.

When the subject is expressed by a complex noun, the first part of which is the numeral gender, the predicate is usually placed in the singular, and in the past tense - in the neuter gender, For example: half an hour will pass, half a year has flown by, half the city has taken part in the demonstration.

Wrong: half the class took part in the competition, half an hour will pass

7.3.3 Coordination between subject and predicate separated from each other

Between the subject and the predicate there may be secondary separate members sentences, clarifying members, subordinate clauses. In these cases, the general rule must be strictly observed: the predicate and subject must be consistent.

Let's consider special cases.

A) Coordination of the subject and the compound nominal predicate in a sentence built according to the “noun” model. – this is a noun.”

Note to teacher: this type of error in the SPP is noted in his manual “How to get 100 Unified State Exam points” (2015) by I.P. Tsybulko, while in the “Handbook of Spelling and Literary Editing” by D. Rosenthal, such an error is called a shift in construction in a complex sentence.

The nominal part of the predicate in a sentence constructed according to the noun+noun model must be in the nominative case.

For example: [The first thing (what you should learn) is to highlight the stem of the sentence].

The grammatical basis of the main clause consists of a subject first and predicate allocation. Both words are in the nominative case.

And this is what it looks like misspelled sentence: [The first thing (what you should learn) is to highlight the basis of the sentence]. Under the influence of the subordinate clause, the predicate received the genitive case, which is an error.

Let's look at sentences with grammatical errors:

EXAMPLE 1 [The main thing (that needs to be paid attention to) is the ideological side of the work]

EXAMPLE 2 [The last thing (that should be addressed) is the composition of the book]

EXAMPLE 3 [The most important thing (to strive for) is to make your dreams come true]

Here are the corrected options:

EXAMPLE 1 The main thing (what needs to be paid attention to) is the ideological side of the work]

EXAMPLE 2 [The last thing (that should be addressed) is the composition of the book]

EXAMPLE 3 [The most important thing (to strive for) is the fulfillment of dreams]

B). Coordination of the predicate with the subject, in which there are clarifying members.

In order to clarify the subject, sometimes clarifying (explanatory phrases), connecting members of the sentence, and separate additions are used. Yes, in a sentence Competition jury, including representatives of a cosmetic company selected from the audience, could not determine the winner, the highlighted turnover is connecting(in other manuals it is called clarifying).

The presence in a sentence of any member that specifies the meaning of the subject does not affect the number of the predicate. Such phrases are attached with the words: EVEN, ESPECIALLY, INCLUDING, FOR EXAMPLE; EXCEPT, IN ADDITION, INCLUDING and the like. For example: Editorial board of the magazine, including editors of the Internet portal, advocates for reorganization.

Let's look at sentences with grammatical errors:

EXAMPLE 4. The entire team, including dancers and jugglers, supported participation in the competition.

EXAMPLE 5. The whole family, and especially younger children I was looking forward to the arrival of my grandfather.

EXAMPLE 6. The school administration, including members of the parent committee, advocated holding an extended parent meeting.

Here are the corrected options:

The error is easy to see if you drop the subordinate clause.

EXAMPLE 4 The entire team, including dancers and jugglers, supported participation in the competition.

EXAMPLE 5 The whole family, and especially the younger children, was looking forward to the arrival of their grandfather.

EXAMPLE 6 The school administration, including members of the parent committee, advocated holding an extended parent meeting.

7.3.4 Coordination of the predicate with the subject, the gender or number of which is difficult to determine.

To correctly connect the subject with the predicate, it is very important to know the gender of the noun.

A) Certain categories or groups of nouns have difficulty determining gender or number.

The gender and number of indeclinable nouns, abbreviations, conventional words and a number of other words are determined by special rules. To correctly match such words with the predicate, you need to know their morphological features.

Ignorance of these rules causes errors: Sochi became the capital of the Olympics; cocoa has cooled down; the shampoo is out; the university has announced enrollment of students, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs reported

Need to: Sochi became the capital of the Olympics; the cocoa has cooled down; The shampoo has run out, the university has announced enrollment of students, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs reported

Nouns whose gender/number is difficult to determine are discussed in the section. After studying the material provided, you will be able to successfully complete not only task 6, but also 7.

Consider sentences with errors

EXAMPLE 1. The parcel was sent at the beginning of the week.

In the sentence, the word "parcel" is the subject, female. The predicate “was sent” is in the masculine. This is mistake. Correcting: The parcel was sent at the beginning of the week

EXAMPLE 2. The tulle harmonized perfectly with the color of the upholstered furniture.

In the sentence, the word “tulle” is the subject, masculine. The predicate “approached” is in the feminine. This is mistake. Correcting: The tulle harmonized perfectly with the color of the upholstered furniture.

EXAMPLE 3. The UN has gathered for its next meeting.

In the sentence, the word “UN” is the feminine subject (organization). The predicate “gathered” is on average. This is mistake. Correcting: The UN has gathered for its next meeting.

EXAMPLE 4. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced participation in the meeting

In the sentence, the word “MFA” is the subject, it does not change. When decrypted we get “Ministry

Foreign Affairs". At the same time, we remember that this word refers to the masculine gender. The predicate “reported” is on average. This is mistake. Correcting: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced its participation in the meeting.

EXAMPLE 5. Moskovsky Komsomolets published the rating best universities countries.

In the sentence, the phrase “Moskovsky Komsomolets” is the subject; it is a conventional Russian name, a masculine word, like the word “Komsomolets”. The predicate “printed” is in the feminine. This is mistake. Correction: Moskovsky Komsomolets published a ranking of the best universities in the country.

EXAMPLE 6. Tbilisi attracts tourists .

In the sentence, the word “Tbilisi” is the subject; it is an unchangeable conditional name. It is a masculine word, like the word "city". The predicate “attract” is in the plural. This is mistake. Correcting: Tbilisi attracts tourists. 

B) Coordination of the predicate with the subject with the meaning of profession

When a masculine noun denotes a profession, position, title, etc., the predicate is put in the masculine gender, regardless of the gender of the person in question. For example: the teacher made a report, the director called an employee to his office

WITH proposals would be a mistake, in which the teacher made a report, the director called an employee to her .

Note: in the presence of a person’s own name, especially a surname, in which the specified words act as applications, the predicate is consistent with own name: Teacher Sergeeva gave a lecture. More details about this point below, 7.3.5

7.3.5 With the subject there is an application

Application is a definition expressed by a noun that agrees with the word being defined in case: city ​​(which?) Sochi, bird (what?) hummingbird, website (which?) “I will solve the Unified State Examination”

By general rule the predicate agrees with the subject, and the presence of the latter in the form of a different gender or number does not affect the agreement

For example: The plant, this grandiose colossus, seemed to also be a ship of unheard-of dimensions The proposal would be wrong The plant, this grandiose colossus, seemed to also be a ship of unheard of sizes .

If there is an application with the subject, then, first of all, it is necessary to find out which of the words is the subject and which is the application, and after that put the predicate in one gender or another.

Table 1. The application and subjects are written separately. When combining a generic name and a species name or a species name and an individual name, the subject is considered to be a word denoting a broader concept, and the predicate agrees with it. Here are some examples:

Application is a common noun:

the rose flower smelled amazing; the oak tree has grown; Kharcho soup is cooked

Application - proper noun

the Dnieper River overflowed; newspaper "Moscow's comsomolets" came out ; Barbos the dog barked

Exception: last names of people. In pairs, engineer Svetlova reported, Doctor of Sciences Zvantseva came out, head teacher Marina Sergeevna noted proper names are the subject.

Table 2. Subject is compound noun, forms terms, in which one part functions like an application. In these cases, the leading (defined) word is the word that expresses a broader concept or specifically designates an object.

The predicate agrees with the first word, both words change

the chair-bed stood in the corner; The laboratory plant fulfilled the order; the invoice was issued on time; the studio theater trained many actors; The table-poster attracted attention; the romance song became very popular

The predicate agrees with the second word, the first word does not change:

cafe-dining room is open(dining room is a broader concept); vending machine is open(in this combination the bearer of a specific meaning is the snack bar part); the raincoat lay(a tent in the form of a raincoat, not a raincoat in the form of a tent); "Roman-newspaper" was published in large circulation(newspaper is a broader name).

EXAMPLE 1 Ice cream cake cut into equal parts .

The compound noun “ice cream cake” is based on the main, more general word “cake”, masculine, therefore: Ice cream cake cut into equal parts

EXAMPLE 2 The story “Children of the Dungeon” was written by V.G. Korolenko. .

The conventional name is an application, so the predicate must be coordinated with the word “story”: The story “Children of the Dungeon” was written by V.G. Korolenko.

EXAMPLE 3 A tiny dog, just a puppy, suddenly barked loudly. .

The subject is the word “dog”, it is feminine, therefore: A tiny dog, just a puppy, suddenly barked loudly.

EXAMPLE 4 Yesterday the young teacher Petrova gave his first lecture. .

The subject is the surname “Petrova”, it is feminine, therefore: Yesterday the young teacher Petrova gave her first lecture.

A) The sentence has homogeneous subjects and one predicate

If the predicate refers to several subjects not connected by conjunctions or connected through a connecting conjunction, then the following forms of coordination are applied:

The predicate, which comes after homogeneous subjects, is usually placed in the plural:

Industry and agriculture in Russia are steadily developing.

The predicate preceding homogeneous subjects usually agrees with the nearest of them:

There was stomping and screaming in the village

If there are separators between subjects or adversative conjunctions, then the predicate is put in the singular.

The fear or momentary fright experienced after just a minute seems funny, strange, and incomprehensible. Not you, but fate is to blame.

Let's look at sentences with errors:

EXAMPLE 1 Passion for sports and a strict daily routine did their job. .

There are two subjects, the predicate comes after a number of homogeneous members, and therefore must be in the plural: Passion for sports and a strict daily routine did the trick.

EXAMPLE 2 It was not reason, but fear that suddenly took possession of me. .

Two subjects, with the conjunction a, the predicate must therefore be singular: It was not reason, but fear that suddenly took possession of me.

EXAMPLE 3 The usual noise and loud voices were heard in the distance. .

There are two subjects, the predicate stands before a number of homogeneous members, therefore it must be in the singular: In the distance the usual noise and loud voices were heard.

B) The combination in the subject of a noun in the nominative case with a noun in the instrumental case (with the preposition c) like “brother and sister”

Placing the predicate in the plural or singular depends on what meaning is given to the phrase: joint action or separate.

When the subject combines a noun in the nominative case with a noun in the instrumental case (with the preposition c) like “brother and sister,” the predicate is put:

in plural, if both named objects (persons) act as equal action producers(both are subjects);

Pasha and Petya waited a long time for their mother to return and were very worried.

singular, if the second object (person) accompanies the main producer of the action ( is a complement):

The mother and child went to the outpatient clinic. Nikolai and his younger sister arrived later than everyone else.

Only in the singular in the presence of the words TOGETHER, TOGETHER:

The father and mother went out of town.

Only in the singular with a subject expressed by the pronoun I, YOU

I'll come with a friend; you and your mom had a fight

Let's look at sentences with errors:

EXAMPLE 1 My brother and his friends went to the beach. .

With the word “together” the predicate cannot be in the plural: My brother and his friends went to the beach.

EXAMPLE 2 Ruslan and I will come to class today. .

With the subject I (+someone else), the predicate cannot be in the plural: Ruslan and I will come to class today. Or: Ruslan and I will come to class today.

EXAMPLE 3 You and your sister will live in this room. .

With the subject you (+ someone else), the predicate cannot be in the plural: You and your sister will live in this room.Or: You and your sister will live in this room.

C) the incorrect construction of the sentence with the participial phrase in sentence 6 is that the gerund and predicate must denote the actions of the same person, that is, the subject. In this sentence, the subject “decision” cannot weigh. In addition, the grammatically passive participle “accepted” cannot have an adverbial turn.

Let's give the correct spelling: When everyone expressed their point of view, we, after weighing all the pros and cons, made a compromise decision.

Rule 7.8.1 type 2

7.8. USE OF PARICIPLES. ERRORS DURING USAGE

INTRODUCTION

A participial phrase is a participle with dependent words.

A gerund always denotes an additional action that occurs in parallel with the main one, for example: the man walked (main action), waving his arms(additional, what while doing); the cat fell asleep (main action), tucking its paws (additional action, what did you do?)

Participles answer the question: What are you doing? (imperfect form) and what did you do? (perfect view). Along with this question, you can also ask questions How? how? for what purpose? and the like. A participle always denotes a sign of an action, that is, it describes how the main action occurs.

We classify all types of possible grammatical errors when using participles.

7.8.1 Participial phrase in a sentence with a subject

The general rule for using participial phrases is as follows: The gerund and the predicate must denote the actions of the same person, that is, the subject. This person performs two actions: one main, the second additional. The gerund should be easily replaced by the second verb: sat down, laid out the textbooks - sat down and laid them out; looked, smiling - looked and smiled.

TYPE 1. Participle and verbal predicate, expressed by a verb without a postfix -sya

Slipping on the ice, the guy who happened to be nearby picked me up.

Passing under the house, an icicle almost fell on me.

In each of the sentences there were two characters: in the first, someone slipped and someone caught him; in the second: someone was passing and someone almost fell. But due to an error in the construction, it turns out that the guy caught it after slipping; The icicle almost fell off as it passed.

With this construction, the participle is mistakenly attributed to one character, and the predicate to another, which violates the basic rule. To avoid mistakes, you need to ensure that the gerund and predicate refer to the same person.

When I slipped on the ice, the guy next to me caught me.

When I walked under the house, an icicle almost fell on me.

TYPE 2. The gerund refers to the predicate in the form of a short passive participle

Having written the poem “Death of a Poet”, Lermontov's fate was determined.

Analyzing the poetic text, I was absolutely correct in determining its size.

As in type 1, the gerund and predicate refer to to different persons. Due to an error in construction, it turns out that fate was determined by writing; size is determined having analyzed. The predicate is a short passive participle.

If the predicate is expressed by a short participle, it means that the subject itself does not perform the action, something is done to it. With this form of the predicate gerund there cannot be.

Here are the options for the corrected proposals:

When Lermontov wrote the poem “The Death of a Poet,” his fate was determined.

When I analyzed poetic text, I determined its size absolutely correctly.

TYPE 3. The participial phrase is attached to the predicate-reflexive verb in the passive meaning, which has a postfix Xia

Let's look at sentences with grammatical errors.

Usually, creating your own work, it expresses Xia the author's attitude to life and people.

Having received an education, students guide Xia senior master for practice.

As in type 2, the subject in such a sentence does not actually perform the action itself: attitude expresses Xia(by someone); displays Xia(by someone); guide Xia(by someone). But ah if there is no action, then there cannot be an additional, additional, expressed by a gerund. We replace the participial phrase with a subordinate clause.

Here are the options for the corrected proposals:

Usually, when a work is created, it expresses the author’s attitude towards life and people. Or: Creating a work, the author always expresses his attitude towards life and people.

When students complete their education, they are sent to practice by a senior master.

7.8.2. Participial phrase in a sentence without a subject

It often happens that the subject performing both actions may not be formally expressed, that is, there is no subject in the sentence. Speech in this case goes about one-part sentences. It is these types that cause the greatest difficulty in finding errors.

TYPE 4. Participial phrase in an impersonal sentence (except type 7)

Consider sentences with grammatical errors.

Sending a rather important telegram, I didn't have enough money.

He was sad.

There is no subject, the actor is expressed by a pronoun to me(this is the dative case). The use of participles in impersonal sentences is unacceptable. You can: either make a subordinate clause from an adverbial clause, or make an ordinary one from an impersonal one, with a subject.

The exception is sentences with an infinitive verb, see type 7.

Here are the options for the corrected proposals:

When I sent a rather important telegram, I did not have enough money.

Refusing to conduct an experiment, he felt sad.

TYPE 5. Participial turnover in an indefinite-personal sentence

Let's look at sentences with grammatical errors.

Having received a good education, Griboyedov was sent as secretary of the diplomatic mission to Persia.

Without finishing the report, the head of the department was asked to go on a business trip.

There cannot be an adverbial phrase with a subject if it is not defined. This situation occurs in vaguely personal sentences with a verb in the past tense plural form.

Who directed? who received it? who suggested? who didn't finish the report? Unclear. We replace the phrase with a subordinate clause or rearrange it so that it is clear who received the education and who completed the report.

Here are the options for the corrected proposals:

When Griboyedov received a good education, he was sent as secretary of the diplomatic mission to Persia.

Without finishing the report, the head of the department received an offer to go on a business trip.

7.8.3. Participial phrase in a sentence without a subject. Permitted techniques.

Due to the fact that the tasks may also contain correct sentences with participles, we consider it important to place a table with examples and rules that are not found in the erroneous ones. Everything in this table is allowed.

TYPE 6. The participial phrase refers to the verb in the imperative mood

When crossing the street, pay close attention to traffic.

Having received a task for an adverbial phrase, check whether it contains a request, order or advice.

There is no subject in sentences. But It is allowed to use participial phrases in sentences where a verb is used in the imperative mood: follow, go, write, search, and so on. It turns out that both the phrase and the predicate refer to the same person, to whom we advise to do something. It's easy to substitute a pronoun You: you follow, moving; you check after receiving.

TYPE 7. Participial phrase refers to the infinitive

Consider proposals without errors.

Walking through the autumn forest, it’s pleasant to inhale the intoxicating aroma of fallen leaves.

When submitting your work, you should check it carefully.

Despite the fact that there is no subject (impersonal sentence) It is permissible to use an adverbial phrase if it refers to the infinitive: while walking, inhale; reading, sitting; dreaming, dozing; dozing, dreaming.

Not all manuals allow this rule: in some of them, the infinitive is necessarily required, it is possible, it is necessary, it follows, and others (the so-called modal words). In any case, sentences like: when rewriting, you should mark; having started, one must finish; having received, it is necessary to do, will be ERROR FREE.

TYPE 8. Participial turnover in a definite-personal or generalized-personal sentence

Let's look at the sentences without errors.

Gathering at the family table in my parents' house, we always remember grandma’s pies and tea with viburnum and mint.

Planning your upcoming vacation, carefully calculate the family budget.

There is no subject, but a sentence definitely personal, easy to substitute a pronoun We. You can turn it around! It refers to the implied person: we remember as we gather; we calculate by planning.

D) the incorrect construction of the sentence with indirect speech in sentence 9 is that when trying to convey indirect speech, the pronouns were not replaced. Because of this, it is impossible to understand who I am.

Let's give the correct spelling: After thinking a little, the professor said that even HE, being an experienced surgeon, was not ready to take on such a complex operation, and it became clear that I, a doctor just starting my practice, could not cope.

Rule 7.9.1

7.9 IMPROPER CONSTRUCTION OF PRE-LO-SAME WITH ANOTHER SPEECH

In this task, the students' ability to correctly construct sentences with qi-ta-ta-mi and in oblique speech: out of 9 sentences on the right, you need to find one that contains an error.

In the pra-vi-la, from-lo-wives below, we will talk about qi-ti-ro-va-nii and about indirect speech, these are very close, but not the same units.

In everyday life, especially often in oral speech, we often use the translation of someone’s words on our own behalf, so on -zy-va-e-my indirect speech.

Sentences with indirect speech represent complex sentences consisting of two parts (words of the author and indirect speech), which are united with-you-behind-mi what, as if to, or place-name-ni-i-mi and na-re-chi-i-mi who, what, which, how, where, when, why etc., or parts whether.

For example: They told me that it was my brother. She demanded that I look into her eyes, and asked if I remember the dog, our little quarrels, peek-a-boo. We talk about how the birds I caught live.

Prepositions with indirect speech serve to convey someone else's speech on behalf of the speaker, and not the one who actually spoke it. from-nes. Unlike sentences with direct speech, they convey only the content of someone else’s speech, but cannot convey all the details -ben-no-sti of its form and in-to-nation.

Let's try to restore the prepositions: from indirect speech we translate them into prepositions with direct speech:

They told me that it was my brother. - They told me: “It was your brother.”

She demanded that I look into her eyes, and asked if I remember the dog, our little quarrels, peek-a-boo. - She said: “Look into my eyes!” And then tre-bo-va-tel-no asked: “Do you remember the dog-ka-rey, our meetings, our quarrels, peek-a-boo? Do you remember?"

A friend asked: “How do the birds you caught live?”

As can be seen from the examples, the prepositions of owls exist only in meaning, but here are the verbs, and place-nouns, and conjunctions -nya-yu-tsia. Ras-look-rim de-tal-but pra-vi-la per-re-vo-da direct speech into indirect speech: this is very important both for na-pi-sa-niya so-chi-ne -tion, and for you-not-for-giving 7.

7.9.1 Basic rules:

when substituting pre-lo-same with direct speech before pre-lo-same-ni-ya-mi with indirect speech, special attention must be paid on the correct use of personal and possessive places, as well as the verbs associated with them, so how in indirect speech we translate other people’s words on our own behalf.

Preposition with direct speechCorrectly formatted oblique speechIncorrectly formatted oblique speech
The father said: “ I I’ll be back late.”Father said that He true yeah It's late.My father said that I would be back late.
We asked: “A You where did you come from?"We asked from where He I arrived.We asked, “Where did you come from?”
I confessed: “ Yours Mi-kha-il took the books.”I admitted that their Mi-ha-il took the books.I admitted that “Mi-ha-il took your books.”
The children screamed: “ We not guilty!"The children screamed, what They not guilty.The children shouted that “we don’t see you.”
Pay attention to that, that calculators can help you to live with a mistake, but you can’t just focus on them, because calculus stand both in pre-lo-zhe-nii and in pre-lo-zhe-ni-yah with qi-ta-ta-mi without error, and not in all za-da-ni-yah.

7.9.2 There are a number of additional rules,

associated with the particular transfer of direct speech into indirect speech, their observance is also verified in for-da-nii 7.
a) If direct speech is a informative preposition,

What. Example: The secretary replied: “I have completed my request.” - The secretary said that he had filled out the request.. The place is behind me!

b) If direct speech is a questionable proposition,

then when replacing him with the exact role of the sub-chi-tel-nyh co-calls, you-full-nya in-pro-si-tel-nye-places, na-re-chia, parts, which are a hundred in a direct matter. The question mark after the indirect question does not become visible. Example: “What did you manage to do?” - asked the pre-po-da-va-tel student. - The pre-da-va-tel asked the students that they had time to complete the thread. The place is behind me!

c) When in direct speech - in the pro-si-tel-nominal pre-position there are no pro-si-tel-places of nouns, on -speech, parts,

when replacing it indirectly, they use parts for communication whether. Example: “Are you correct the text?” - the secretary asked impatiently. – The secretary asked impatiently if we were correcting the text. The place is behind me!

d) If direct speech is an exclamatory sentence with an incitement to action,
then she replaces me with a clear-cut pre-exact presentation with her to. Example: The father shouted to his son: “Come back!” - The father shouted to his son to come back. Place-name-additionally!
e) Parts and words that are not grammatically related to the members of the sentence

(formulations, inter-words, introductory words, complex prepositions) and contents in direct speech , when replaced by her indirect speech, omit. Example: “Ivan Petrovich, compile an estimate for the next quarter,” asked the chief accounting director . - The director asked the chief accountant to compile an estimate for the next quarter.

7.9.3. Special rights-vi-la qi-ti-ro-va-niya.

When writing a co-chi-ne-niy, it is often not possible to pro-qi-ti-ro-t or use the necessary fragment the course of the text, or when you say it from memory, or-ga-nich-but including the qi-ta-tu in the pre-lo -zhe-nie. There are three ways to introduce quotation into your speech:

1) with the help of direct speech, with all the signs of pre-pi-na-niya, for example: Push-kin said: “Love is always at its age.” or “Everything is possible for love,” said Pushkin. This is the simplest method, but it is not always convenient. Such proposals will be found among the faithful!

2) with help at-precisely the pre-position, that is, using conjunctions, for example: Push-kin said that “love is of all ages”. Pay attention to the signs of pre-pi-na-niya. This method nothing from the re-da-chi of indirect speech.

3) qi-ta-tu can be included in your text using introductory words, for example: As Pushkin said, “love is always at its height.”.

Let us note that in you can't change anything: what is keyed in the quotes is given ab-so-ly exactly, without any kind of pre-examination. If it is not possible to include in your text only part of the quotation, you use special signs (many , different types of brackets), but this has no relation to the given assignment, since the point there would be no mistake in the task 7.

Consider some special-ben-no-sti qi-ti-ro-va-niya.

a) How to avoid mistakes if there is a qi-ta with a place-name?

On the one hand, you can’t change the qi-ta, on the other hand, you can’t leave the place-name. If you just insert a quotation, there will be errors: On-le-he one-on-the-w-noted that “ I I can lose this battle, but I can’t lose my mi-nu.”. Or like this: In his memoirs, Ko-ro-len-ko wrote that always “ I I saw in Che-ho-va’s face an undeniable intelligence.”

In both prepositions you need:

firstly, replace the place-name I with OH, exclude the place-name from the quote:

secondly, from the verbs, connecting them with new places and also excluding them from the ci-ta you, so we know that nothing can be changed.

With such circumstances, the qi-ta-t-you will not necessarily “suffer”, and if we can keep the second sentence - thread in this form: Ko-ro-len-ko wrote that He always “saw in the face of Che-ho-va an in-body-li-gent-ness”, then you-said-on-leo-cannot-save-the-thread. That’s why I boldly kill the ka-vych-ki and replace-me-me-eat with qi-ta-tu indirect speech: On-le-he once noticed that he can pro-play this battle, but not Maybe to-lose the mi-well.

b) Particular attention should be paid to cases of mistaken combination of two ways of introducing qi-ta into the sentence -zhe-nie,

that you are calling for a grammatical error. As we already know, qi-ta-ta can be introduced either as an adjective, or with the help of introductory words. This is what would happen if two ways were combined:

Wrong: According to you Mo-pas-sa-na, What“love is as strong as death, but fragile as glass”.

Right: In the words of Mo-pas-sa-na, “love is as strong as death, but fragile as glass.”

Wrong: As P.I. Chaikovsky stated, What“inspiration is born only from labor and during labor”.

Right: As P.I. Chaikovsky asserted, “inspiration is born only from labor and during labor.”

In this way, we form the rule: when using introductory words, the conjunction is not required.

c) In students’ work, there are also cases when quotation is introduced with the help of introductory words,
but direct speech is formalized as a separate sentence. This is not only a change in the point-to-a-tion, it’s a change in the rules for the construction of a proposal with a ci-ta that one.

Wrong: According to the thought of An-tu-a-na de Saint-Ec-su-peri: “Only the heart is vigilant: you cannot see the main eye behind it.”

Right: According to An-tu-a-na de Saint-Ec-su-peri, “only the heart is vigilant: you cannot see the main eye behind it.”

Wrong: In the words of L.N. Tolstoy: “Art is the greatest manifestation of power in man ».

Right: According to L.N. Tolstoy, “art is the highest manifestation of power in man.” "

E) the mistake in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members in sentence 1 is that you cannot use a general preposition to all members of the series if the meaning of this preposition does not fit at least one of the OPs.

Let's add the necessary preposition: In the houses, in the squares, in the parks, it was completely dark, it was deep night, from which something mysterious and mysterious wafted.

Rule 7.6.4

7.6. ERROR IN CONSTRUCTING A SENTENCE WITH HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS

INTRODUCTION

Homogeneous are members of a sentence that perform the same syntactic function, are united by the same relationship to the same member of the sentence, and are connected by a coordinative connection. Both main and secondary members can be homogeneous: subjects, predicates, additions, definitions, circumstances. For example, the definitions “new, super-powerful computer” in relation to the word “computer” will be homogeneous; circumstances were “depicted colorfully, but unclearly” in relation to “depicted.”

TYPES OF ERRORS WHEN USING HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS

7.6.1 Homogeneous predicates have the same dependent object.

Rule: With a normal, correct structure of a sentence, from each of two homogeneous predicates (first and second), ONE GENERAL question is posed to the general complement, For example:

Guys are interested in (what?) and do (what?) sports; Heroes of the story remember (about what?) and share impressions (about what?) about the years of youth.

An error occurs if each of the predicates asks a DIFFERENT question to the COMMON object.

Example 1: I love (who? what?) and admire (who? what) my father.

The predicates “I love” and “I admire” have one dependent word “father”, which is in the instrumental case. It turned out that the addition “father” correctly obeyed only the second predicate, since the verb “love” requires an accusative from the addition (I love who? What? father), therefore, this sentence is constructed incorrectly. To correctly express a thought, you need to change the sentence so that each predicate has a separate, case-appropriate addition, for example, like this: I love and admire my father.

Example 2: The hero of the story believed (in what? what?) and strived (for what?) for his dream. Each verb requires its own form of object, general word It’s impossible to choose, so we change the sentence again so that each predicate has a separate, case-appropriate addition, for example, like this: The hero of the story believed in his dream and strived for it.

Note for teachers: This type of error refers to control errors. In written work, such an error is usually made by students due to inattention: the first predicate is simply overlooked, and the error (when pointed out) is easily corrected. A much more serious problem arises where the student does not realize that a particular case question cannot be raised from a given verb in principle.

7.6.2 Homogeneous members are connected by double unions not only..., but also...; if not... then... and others

.

Rule 1. In such proposals, you need to pay attention to the fact that that parts of a double union must connect homogeneous members of the same series, For example: We were inspired not so much colorful places in this quiet city, How many the sincerity of its inhabitants. Let's make a proposal diagram: not so much ABOUT , How many ABOUT . First part of the double conjunction: not so much, is located before the first och, subject to “places” (we do not take the word “colorful” into account), the second part How many stands before the second subject “soulfulness”.

Now let’s “break” the sentence. Us not so much inspired by the colorful places of this quiet city, How many the sincerity of its inhabitants. The first part of the conjunction now refers to the predicate, and the second to the subject. This is where this type of error lies.

Let's look at some more examples:

Example 1: It can be argued that the mood was the main thing Not only for the creator of the poem, but also for his readers. That's right: each part comes before the OP, in this example before the additions. Compare with an incorrectly constructed sentence: It can be argued that the mood was Not only most important for the creator of the poem, but also for his readers. The parts of a conjunction are connected not by homogeneous members, but by a predicate and an object.

Rule 2. It is also necessary to remember that the parts of the double conjunction are permanent and cannot be replaced with other words. So, the proposal would be wrong Merchants Stroganovs Not only cooked salt and , since the union not only...but also No. The conjunction “not only” has a second part “but also”, not “also”. The correct version of this sentence would be: Merchants Stroganovs Not only cooked salt but also mined iron and copper in their lands

This is how you can do it: (options for the second part are given in brackets).

1) not only... but also (and and; but even; and also; and besides); not only not... but (but rather, rather; on the contrary, on the contrary); not only; 2) not that... but (a; just; even, not even); not even... not that; not even... not even that; not even... much less;

3) not only that... also; not only that... also; little of; moreover, more than that; worse than that; or even...

7.6.3 In sentences with homogeneous members there is a generalizing word.

It must be taken into account that everything homogeneous members must be in the same case as the generalizing word.

The following sentence is grammatically correct: I forgot about everyone: about worries and sorrows, about sleepless nights, about sadness and melancholy. . The word [about] “everything” is generalizing and is in the prepositional case. All och stand in the same case.

Failure to comply with this rule is a gross violation of the syntactic norm: gifts:crossbows, sables and decorations.

In this sentence, the generalizing word “gifts” is in the genitive case, and all homogeneous members (“crossbows, sable and decorations”) are in the nominative case. Therefore, this sentence is constructed incorrectly. Correct option: Soon the nobleman began inspecting the brought gifts: crossbows, sables and jewelry.

7.6.5 Using various syntactic elements of a sentence as homogeneous members

.

There is a strict grammatical rule that prescribes which elements can and cannot be combined into homogeneous members.

Let us list the cases in which this rule is violated.

If in a sentence they are combined into homogeneous

- form of noun and infinitive form of verb: I love chess and swimming, I like embroidery and needlework, I’m afraid of the dark and being alone and similar;

- different forms of the nominal part of the predicate: my sister was sad and worried, she was younger and kinder and similar;

- participial phrase and subordinate clause: The main characters of the story are people who are not afraid of difficulties and who are always true to their word; I don’t like people who change their attitude and don’t hide it. and similar;

Participial and participial phrase: Loving their work and striving to do it well, the builders achieved excellent results and similar;

that is - grammar mistake. Note that such violations occur very often in written work, therefore, like the entire task 7, this part is of great practical importance.

The following types of errors were encountered in assignments before 2015.

7.6.4 With homogeneous members, different prepositions can be used.

In one row of OPs, when listing, it is possible to use prepositions, for example: V theater, and on exhibition VDNKh, and onRed Square. As you can see, this sentence uses prepositions V And on, and that's true. It would be a mistake to use the same preposition for all words in this series: During my three stays in Moscow I visited and V theater, and the VDNKh exhibition, and Red Square. You cannot be “in VDNKh” and “in Red Square.” So the rule goes like this: You cannot use a general preposition to all members of a series if the meaning of this preposition does not fit at least one of the OPs.

Example with error: Crowds of people were everywhere: on the streets, squares, squares. Before the word “squares” it is necessary to add the preposition “in,” since this word is not used with the preposition “on.” Correct option: Crowds of people were everywhere: in the streets, squares, and parks.

7.6.6 Combination of species and generic concepts in one row

For example, in the sentence: The bag contained oranges, juice, bananas, fruits a logical error has been made. “Oranges” and “bananas” are specific concepts in relation to the word “fruit” (that is, general), therefore, they cannot stand with it in the same row of homogeneous members. Correct option: The bag contained juice and fruit: bananas, oranges.

Another example with an error: Adults, children, and schoolchildren came to meet the famous artist. The words “children” and “schoolchildren” cannot be made homogeneous.

7.6.7 Use of logically incompatible concepts in the same series of homogeneous terms

For example, in the sentence Mourners walked with bags and sad faces a mistake is felt: “faces” and “bags” cannot be homogeneous.

Such a deliberate violation can act as a stylistic device: Only Masha, heating and winter did not sleep(K. G. Paustovsky). When the frost and mother allowed him to stick his nose out of the house, Nikita went to wander around the yard alone(A.N. Tolstoy). Only if this is acceptable for a work of art of the level of Tolstoy or Chekhov (they are not on an exam, they can joke, play with words!), then such humor will not be appreciated either in written work or in task 7.

Let's write down the numbers in the answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

ABINGD
4 5 6 9 1

Answer: 45691

Rule: Task 8. Syntactic norms.

Task 8 refers to tasks of a high level of complexity.

The right column shows 5 types of grammatical errors, the left column contains five sentences containing these errors, and 4 that do not contain errors. For each correct match found, 1 point is given. Thus, for this task you can receive from 0 to 5 points.

What is a grammatical error?

Grammar errors are divided into morpho-lo-gi-che-che-skie, word-formation and syn-tak-si-che-skie. Next, in tasks there can be no mistake-bok-or-fo-gram and point-to-gram.

If a word is formed incorrectly, this is a word formation error (over-laugh-sya, underscore, etc.). And this is checked in task 6. If the form of a word is formed incorrectly, this is a morphological error (di-rek-to-ry, higher, and so on). And this is also checked in task 6.

And only mistakes sin-so-si-che-skie are checked in task 7. Sin-tak-si-che-signs-reads errors when constructing phrases and prepositions, because these are the units of language that are studied in sin-tak-si-se.

In the 2015-2016 school year, students should be able to see and identify 10 types of errors. Moreover, each individual task can have combinations of 5 different types. Here is a list of checked types of syntax errors:

1) violation in the construction of sentences with participial verbs

2) an error in the construction of a complex sentence

3) violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent prefix

4) disruption of the connection between the subject and the verb

5) violation of type-temporal correlation of verb forms

6) violation in the construction of sentences with participial verbs

7) error in constructing a compound with indirect speech

8) error in the use of the case form of the noun

9) error in the use of numerals

10) error when using homogeneous terms

GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR COMPLETING THE TASK

1. If a sentence contains a participle/de-e-partition/word in quotation marks and so on, then this does not mean that there is an error in finding -on the. It will be exactly like this: in one sentence there can be de-participle, homogeneous members, and indirect speech. And this HARD sentence may be completely correct. Or maybe there will be a mistake in it. Therefore, it’s not easy to guess...

2. Do not rush to complete task 8 in test mode. Open tasks with no clarity. The explanation will provide a specific analysis of exactly THIS in the example task. If there is a need, open the PRA-VI-LO link, a link to it will be attached to each of the five types.

3. Please note that under type, for example, na-ru-she-nie in constructing a sentence with a participial verb as many as SIX different errors are hidden, one way or another related to the involved revolution. That is why it will be indicated: See paragraph 7.1.2 or 7.4.3. This will be exactly the part of the rule that is needed for explanations. For example, about what constitutes an error in the use of a za-loga in a private turnover, it will be written -sa-but in the “Reference”, in paragraph 7.1.3. On-ve-di-te to the link right and pro-chi-tai-te the necessary paragraph.

4. You learn the right way for one type, and only then move on to another.

According to official data, before the start of the mass practice of redevelopment of industrial zones, more than 18 thousand hectares were occupied by industrial territories within the old borders of Moscow - this is about 17 percent of the city's area. Approximately a quarter of these territories, according to the capital’s General Plan, will be built up with housing and related infrastructure, including park areas, in the coming years.

What will be built there, how much will it cost, and is it dangerous to settle on lands where factories and factories used to be located?

What where When?

There are industrial zones included in the list of liquidated ones in all administrative districts of Moscow. The largest number of them - 2.9 thousand hectares - is located in the South-Eastern Administrative District, the second and third places are occupied by the Southern Administrative District and North-Western Administrative District with indicators of 2.3 and 1.8 thousand hectares, respectively. The fewest industrial zones scheduled for liquidation remain in the Central Administrative District - 0.4 thousand hectares. A significant part of them is already being built up.

In total, about 30 planning projects for the renovation of industrial zones are currently in development, and construction is underway at 10 sites.

The largest of them is an industrial zone on the site of ZiL, the former Likhachev automobile plant, where ZILART is being built (1.3 million square meters of housing, about 20 hectares of territory are allocated for a park and grounds for sports and recreation). Three quarters of the buildings on the site have already been demolished.

The second largest construction site is the Hammer and Sickle plant. The oldest metallurgical plant in central Russia was located here, which ceased operation in 2011. Now, on a plot of 60 hectares, the Don-Stroy company has begun the construction of the Symbol residential complex. As part of the project, about 1.5 million square meters of real estate will be built: housing (about 850 thousand square meters), two business centers, social infrastructure facilities, etc. About 40 percent of the total area is allocated for landscaping.

The third large industrial zone undergoing redevelopment is the “City on the Tushino River-2018” project, which is being implemented on the territory of the former Tushino airfield (760 thousand square meters). Back in 2007, construction of the Otkritie Arena stadium began on the site, and now IFD Capital is building a residential complex here. Among the large projects, one can also note the Don-Stroy “Heart of the Capital” on an area of ​​14 hectares. The project is being implemented as part of the Big City. In total, more than 635 thousand square meters will be built (living space, infrastructure, public spaces). More than 45 percent of the territory will be occupied by parks and squares.

Among the medium-sized projects, noteworthy is the plan for the integrated development of the territory of the River Park residential complex, which is being implemented on the territory of the former industrial zone Nagatinsky Zaton. The total area of ​​the site is 29 hectares, but only 30 percent of the land is occupied by residential buildings - 18 residential buildings. The rest of the territory is public areas, commercial and social infrastructure, parking lots, shopping and entertainment and office and business centers. Larisa Shvetsova, general director of the River Park company, names the location as an advantage of her project - the complex is being built on the banks of the Moscow River, next to the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve.

The VectorStroyFinance company is implementing the residential development project "Kvartaly 21/19" on the territory of the Molniya plant on Ryazansky Prospekt. In total, it is planned to build 467 thousand square meters of real estate here - 21 residential buildings, a school, kindergartens, and infrastructure facilities. Andrey Kolochinsky, managing partner of the VectorStroyFinance Group of Companies, says that in 2014 the Rosatom Corporation, which included Molniya, decided to modernize production, reducing its scale through the introduction of new technologies. Of the 25 hectares of the plant's territory, 9 were allocated for new modernized production, the remaining areas were sold for construction.

In 2016, FSK Leader joined the developers working in the industrial zones of Moscow, presenting to the market the comfort-class residential complex “Generation” in the Otradnoye district. According to Grigory Altukhov, commercial director of FSK Leader, this is the first integrated residential development project of the “comfort+” level in Moscow. A complex is being built within the boundaries of the Altufevskoye Shosse industrial zone. On a plot of 6.14 hectares, the company will build four residential buildings, a kindergarten, a school, and infrastructure facilities.

Among the promising territories, Ekaterina Rumyantseva, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Kalinka Group, also highlights the Nagatinsky Zaton industrial zone, where an area of ​​33.43 hectares will be built up with three office and business centers, a hotel complex with 280 rooms and houses with a total living area of ​​229.9 thousand square meters. The renovation of another industrial zone with a total area of ​​19.4 hectares - "Grayvoronovo" - is planned to be completed in 2020. On the site of a former mechanical plant, they plan to build 763 thousand square meters of real estate, of which 295 thousand are housing and social infrastructure. Another territory exempted from production is located in the Fili region. On a plot of 33.8 hectares, which was previously occupied by the Khrunichev plant, it is planned to build about half a million square meters of comfort and economy class housing.

Whether it is necessary?

A question that quite naturally arises when considering a residential complex on the site of a former industrial zone as a place to live: isn’t it dangerous? The development of industrial zones is carried out in compliance with strict norms and regulations that will not allow the developer to build houses on contaminated territory (SNiP 11-02-96 “Engineering surveys for construction. Basic provisions” and others), - reassures Elizaveta Gudz, deputy general director according to analytics and consulting company NDV-Real Estate: “According to these standards, the site is assessed according to various criteria: the level of radioactive, chemical and biological contamination of soils, grounds, surface and groundwater. Based on the results obtained, zoning of the territory is carried out, identifying areas that require measures to rehabilitate the soil layer from chemical contamination, soil is removed, and so on.”

In addition, a significant part of the industrial zones that are being converted into residential areas have nothing to do with hazardous industries at all: the Ogonyok toy factory or the Moscow Bakery Plant, for example. As Grigory Altukhov says, despite the fact that the territorial site of the “Generation” residential complex is located in an industrial zone, in fact, there has always been a motor depot on it, ensuring the delivery of food to schools and kindergartens in the city, so minimal soil reclamation was required - concrete and asphalt were removed from the site coatings that reliably protected the ground from getting harmful substances. The residential complex "Kvartaly 21/19" is being built on the territory of the Molniya plant - the enterprise is also not environmentally harmful. Although, as Andrei Kolochinsky says, they did not neglect reclamation either.

That is, rumors about the danger to life of industrial areas being developed, according to developers, are greatly exaggerated. True, there is a certain layer of “environmentally concerned” citizens who do not consider residential complexes on the lands of former industrial zones in principle on the market, agrees Irina Dobrokhotova, chairman of the board of directors of the BEST-Novostroy company.

What is the price?

Of course, ex-industrial sites have their advantages. The first of them, in fact, is that such territories provide practically the only chance to settle in a new building in the established Moscow districts - “everything has already been built up before us.” This leads to other advantages of redevelopment products, for example, a good location: “Many factories a hundred years ago were located on the outskirts of the city, but today they are almost in the center,” Maria Litinetskaya, managing partner of Metrium Group, rightly notes. Secondly, transport accessibility. Most industrial zones boast good access from major transport routes, and a metro station in operation or under construction nearby. “Our Generation residential complex is located within walking distance from the Vladykino metro station,” Grigory Altukhov gives an example, “and in the future, in 2017, the Okruzhnaya station will open nearby.”

Another key factor is an attractive price. Complex development is a large volume of construction, and the developer, due to this volume, can optimize costs and offer interesting conditions to the buyer. In addition, as Elizaveta Gudz explains, despite the full development of such territories, at the initial stages it is quite difficult for the average buyer to assess the prospects of the project, and even more so to be confident in its implementation, so developers simply have to offer housing at lower prices at the initial stage.

You can count on a discount for another reason - industrial zone redevelopment projects are mostly large-scale, which means that in some buildings the location and view characteristics will inevitably be better. “Simpler” apartments, especially in a crisis situation, will most likely be offered at a discount.



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