Evgeniy Vorobyovning hikoya va hikoyalar kitobining ushbu qisqacha muqaddimasida biz kitobning o'zi haqida emas, balki uni yozgan shaxs haqida ko'p gapiramiz.
Evgeniy Vorobyovning bir-biridan qariyb yigirma yil ajratilgan ikkita eng yirik asari bir qarashda faqat bilvosita Ulug' Vatan urushi mavzusi bilan bog'liq. "Eten" - Bosh qahramon oxirgi roman Vorobyov "Yer, talab bo'yicha" - 1936 yilda Italiya kontrrazvedkasi qo'liga tushgan, Vatan urushining barcha yillarini fashistik qamoqxonalar va lagerlarda o'tkazgan va G'alaba kunida vafot etgan taniqli sovet razvedkachisi Lev Manevich o'limidan bir necha kun oldin og'ir kasal bo'lgan kontslager.
Vorobyovning yana bir romani - oltmishinchi yillarning boshlarida nashr etilgan "Balandlik" qahramoni, baland tog'li alpinist Nikolay Pasechnik kurashmagan, balki mamlakatni vayronalar va kullardan ko'targan bir paytda yozuvchi sifatida namoyon bo'ladi. Sobiq front razvedkachisi bo'lgan uning uchun "Balandlik" romanidagi urush hali ham uzoq bo'lmasa ham, o'tmishda.
Biroq, biz ishonch bilan aytishimiz mumkinki, muallif uchun uning "Bo'yi"dagi sevimli qahramoni ko'p va ajralmas mavzularda urush bilan bog'liq bo'lgan odam bo'lib chiqishi bejiz emas. "Land on Restante" kitobining qahramoni Manevich ("Etyen") Italiya qamoqxonasida jang qilishda va o'z askarlik burchini bajarishda davom etishi bejiz emas. Ulug 'Vatan urushi yillarida sodir bo'lgan hamma narsa, qamoqxona devorlari orqali unga kirib borgan hamma narsa uning axloqiy hayotida katta o'rin egallaydi.
Pasechnik - front askariga xos bo'lgan quruvchi, hayotining so'nggi soatigacha vatan va armiyadan uzoqlashgan Manevich esa o'z jang maydonida o'z pozitsiyasiga ega bo'lgan jangchi.
Har qanday yozma muhitda bosh qahramonlarni tanlash, boshqalarga emas, balki bu odamlarga yaqindan qiziqish ko'proq yoki kamroq darajada muallifning shaxsiy hayotiy tajribasidir.
Evgeniy Vorobyov uchun bunday tajriba G'arbiy frontda boshidan oxirigacha bo'lgan Ulug' Vatan urushi edi, keyinchalik u Smolensk yaqinida, Solovyov o'tish joyida boshlanib, Boltiqbo'yida, Frishda tugaydigan Uchinchi Belorussiya deb o'zgartirildi. -Nerung tupurdi, u yerda urushning so‘nggi o‘qlari otilgan kuni.
Aytgancha, "So'nggi o'q" - bu "Krasnoarmeyskaya pravda" front gazetasining muxbiri kapitan Vorobyovning so'nggi harbiy inshosining nomi.
"- STOP! Otishni to'xtating! Urush tugadi!
Ushbu raketani qayerga qo'yish kerak? Ko'rsatmalarga ko'ra, qurolni o'q bilan tushirish kerak. Gaubitsa yoqilgan va dengizga otilgan.
Oxirgi tortishish.
Qurolchilar gaubitsa barrelini tushirdilar, issiq murvatni ochdilar, uglerod konlarini sovunli suv bilan yuvdilar, so'ngra gaubitsani brezent bilan yopdilar.
Bir daqiqa oldin yoki kechroq, lekin hamma oxirgi o'qni otdi..."
1432-sonli gaubitsa qatnashgan urush tugashi haqidagi ushbu insho urush muxbiri Evgeniy Vorobyovning frontdagi hayotini tugatdi. Oldinda tinch hayotga qaytish va yozuvchilik ishlari bor edi - birinchi kitob va undan keyin kapitan Vorobyovni professional yozuvchiga aylantirgan boshqa kitoblar.
Kimdir yozuvchi bo'lganida har birimiz haqimizda yetarlicha aniqlik aytish qiyin. Boshqalar esa o'z-o'zini anglaydilarki, u, yozuvchi, bu haqiqatni jamoatchilik e'tirof etish vaqtida oldinda; boshqalar uchun esa, aksincha, orqada qoladi. Biror kishi yozgan va nashr etgan narsa uni allaqachon yozuvchiga aylantirgan, lekin uning o'zi hali ham o'zini shunday deyishga jur'at etmaydi, u hali ham bu majburiy so'z ustida harakat qiladi.
Urushdan qaytib, o'ttiz to'rt yoshida Evgeniy Vorobyov o'zini yozuvchi deb hisoblamadi. Garchi aslida u allaqachon edi. Keyinchalik "G'arbiy frontdan kelgan o'rtoqlar" kitobiga kiritilgan ko'plab frontal maqolalarida yozuvchining o'n olti yillik qat'iyatli jurnalistikaning mustahkam va serhosil poydevorida kamol topgan qo'li va adabiy iste'dodini his qilish mumkin edi. urushda ham, urushdan oldingi yillarda ham ishlaydi.
Urush oxirida Vorobyev nafaqat adabiyotga kirib kelgan yozuvchi, balki zo'r harbiy jurnalist, aniq, tezkor, o'z jurnalistlik burchini jasorat bilan bajargan va urushni yaxshi bilgan. Ayniqsa, uning yetakchi tomoniga e'tibor qaratish lozim. Chunki bunday bilim ko'pincha yuqori narxga ega. Vorobyov ham bundan mustasno emas edi; u bu bilim uchun yaralar va qobiq zarbasi bilan to'ladi.
Urush boshida u o'ttizinchi yillarda ajoyib jurnalistika maktabiga ega edi. Maktab, men qo'shimcha qilishim kerak, uning avlodining ko'p odamlari uchun xosdir. Leningraddagi "Qizil tirnoq" zavodida mexanizator bo'lib ishlab, u ishchi muxbir, keyin Kommunistik jurnalistika institutida talaba bo'ldi, so'ngra ushbu institutda sirtqi talaba bo'lib, Ural komsomolining xodimi bo'ldi. gazetasida ishlagan va Magnitostroyda "Komsomolskaya pravda" ko'chma tahririyatida ishlagan. Shundan so'ng, "Komsomolskaya pravda" gazetasida, avval Uralda, so'ngra Moskvada, gazetaning sanoat bo'limida shtat muxbiri sifatida ishlagan yillar va 30-yillarda qurilish maydonchalariga ko'p sayohatlar bo'ldi.
Bularning barchasi Vorobyovning mehnat va qurilish mavzusiga keyingi chuqur qiziqishini aniqladi. Qiziqish uning "Balandlik" romanida eng aniq namoyon bo'ldi.
Biroq, bu shunchaki tushmaydi. Vorobyovning frontal ocherklarini birin-ketin o‘qiganingizda, uning urushdan keyingi hikoya va hikoyalar to‘plamlari, ayrimlari ushbu kitobga kiritilgan hikoyalar va hikoyalar to‘plamining yozish uslubi va yozuvchi kuzatuvining o‘ziga xos jihatlari haqida fikr yuritasiz. urush va urush odamlari, siz, shubhasiz, uning urush idrokini his qilasiz, avvalambor, millionlab odamlarning hozirgi mehnat sharoitida misli ko'rilmagan, ammo zarur. Harbiy mehnat, lekin birinchi navbatda - mehnat.
Yozuvchi qahramonlik lahzalari, to‘satdan harbiy ilhom portlashlarining qadrini biladi, lekin u ko‘rgan, ko‘rgan va o‘rganayotgan asosiy narsa mashaqqatli harbiy mehnatdir. U o‘zining jangovar hikoyalari, hikoyalari va ocherklarida har kuni va tinimsiz mehnat qiladigan, o‘z mardliklari haqida kam gapiradigan, lekin ba’zan bu mardonavorlik darajasini hatto to‘liq anglamay turib, qoshlari teri bilan bajaradigan odamlardir. va ular amalga oshirgan barcha go'zalliklari.
Vorobyov urush haqida ko'pchiligimizdan ko'ra ko'proq biladi, shekilli, ular butun urushni boshidan oxirigacha bosib o'tgan. U oldingi chiziqda va unga yaqin joyda - kompaniyada, batalonda, artilleriya pozitsiyalarida, kuzatuv postlarida nima bo'layotganini biladi. Uning harbiy ishlarini o'qiyotganda siz doimo buni his qilasiz: askar hayotining barcha tafsilotlari va uning barcha qiyinchiliklari har xil. turli vaqtlar yilning; bu hayotning barcha kamchiliklari va uning barcha oddiy o'tkinchi quvonchlari. U o'tishni qanday qilib qo'lbola vositalar yordamida tashkil etilganini, hujum ko'prigi qanday uloqtirilganini va undan keyin vaqtinchalik ko'prik qanday qurilganini aniq biladi. Boshqa tarafdagi yamoq nima va u erda qanday aloqa o'rnatiladi, yarador askar front chizig'idan qanday evakuatsiya qilinadi va "oldingi chiziq" ga issiq ovqat etkazib berish nimani anglatadi. U parashyutchining nafaqat tankga ko'tarilishi, balki tankdan sakrashi va boshqa ko'p narsalarni eslaydi, ularsiz urushning oldingi chizig'ida sodir bo'lgan hamma narsani ishonchli yozish deyarli mumkin emas. .
Bu bilimlar ortida o‘z xizmat burchini bajarish chog‘ida o‘z qahramonlarini urush qayerda bo‘lishga majbur qilsa, ularga yaqin bo‘lishni zarur deb hisoblaydigan va qulay imkoniyatdan foydalanmaydigan front muxbirining shaxsiy tajribasi yotadi. bu qahramonlardan suhbat uchun qulayroq muhitda - ta'tilda, islohotda yoki kasalxonada yotoqda jangovar tafsilotlar haqida so'rang.
Bu bilimlar ortida nafaqat yozuvchining uning qahramonlari harakat qiladigan joylarda va muhitda takror-takror ishtirok etishi seziladi. Shubhasiz, bu shunday, lekin siz qo'rqoq bo'lmagan odam bo'lishingiz va xavfli joylarda, jangning o'rtasida bo'lishingiz mumkin va shunga qaramay, barcha xavf-xatarlarga e'tiborli, ehtiyotkor bo'lish uchun o'zingizda etarli iroda topa olmaysiz U sizni urushning barcha tafsilotlari va urushdagi odamlarning xatti-harakatlarining barcha tafsilotlari bilan o'rab oladi.
Bu har doim Evgeniy Vorobyovning urush ishlarining orqasida ajoyib mulk birinchi navbatda odamning xatti-harakatlaridagi barcha mayda tafsilotlarga doimiy e'tibor. Kichkina narsalarga umuman kichik bo'lmagan narsalar, chunki aslida ularning deyarli har biri insonning ruhiy holati, hayotining qiyin damlarida uning ma'naviy balandligi o'lchovi bilan bog'liq.
Shuni qo'shimcha qilmoqchimanki, tafsilotlarga bunday doimiy e'tibor turli shakllarda bo'ladi. Bundan tashqari, bu odamlarga nisbatan g'azabning natijasi bo'lib, o'zingizning zaif tomonlaringizni oqlaydigan zaif tomonlarni har qanday holatda ham payqashga ongli, ba'zan esa to'liq ongli ravishda istakdir. Ba'zan adabiyotda buni uchratasiz. Va bu yoqimsiz bo'lsa-da, bu inson tomonidan tushunarli.
Vorobyovning kuzatuvchanlik mahorati ortida odamlarga chuqur, ishonchli muhabbat yotadi. Yomon, mayda-chuyda narsalar uni hayratda qoldiradi, u ulardan o'tmaydi, hamma narsani sezadi. Va u bu haqda yozadi. Lekin u har safar uni yangidan larzaga soladigandek yozadi. Va aksincha, u odamlardagi yaxshilikdan ajablanmaydi. U shunchaki diqqat bilan qaraydi va umumiy so'zlardan qochib, bu yaxshilikni askarning urushdagi xatti-harakatlarining jonli va aniq tafsilotlari orqali ifodalashga harakat qiladi, ularsiz uning harbiy nasrining deyarli bir sahifasi ham to'liq bo'lmaydi.
Men bu bir jildlikga kiritilgan Evgeniy Vorobyovning urush hikoyalari va hikoyalarini baholamoqchi emasman va tahlil qilmoqchi emasman. Ehtimol, uning o'quvchilariga, xuddi men kabi, bir muqova ostida to'plangan bir nechta narsalarni o'qiyotganda, ba'zilari yaqinroq ko'rinadi, boshqalari uzoqroq, birini kamroq, boshqasini ko'proq sevadilar. Men yana bir bor o'quvchilar e'tiborini asosiy narsaga - yozuvchi va uning qahramonlari axloqiy xarakteri o'rtasidagi ichki bog'liqlikka, urushning front chizig'idagi oddiy mehnatkashlarga yaqin, imtiyozli e'tiborga qaratmoqchi edim. yozuvchi e’lon qilmaydi, balki shunday qat’iyat bilan namoyon qiladiki, buning ortida insonning haqligiga chuqur ishonch bor.
Agar biz ehtiroslar haqida gapiradigan bo'lsak, menda bu kitobga ishtiyoq bor, chunki men Yevgeniy Vorobyovning harbiy tarjimai holini bilmasam ham, urush ishchilari haqidagi ushbu kitobni o'qishning o'zi odam qo'li bilan yozilganiga ishontirishim mumkin edi. Urush haqidagi barcha bilimlarni o‘z dumbasi bilan egallagan, qahramonlari singari, o‘zi ham halol va tinimsiz mehnatkash sifatida o‘tgan.
To'rt yil oldin Evgeniy VOROBYOVning "Yer, talab bo'yicha" romani Xalqlar do'stligi kutubxonasida nashr etilgan. Kitobda ilk bor atoqli harbiy razvedkachi, Sovet Ittifoqi Qahramoni Lev Efimovich Manevich (Eten) haqida uning zukko, murakkab mehnati, jasorati va qadr-qimmati, uning mislsiz taqdiri haqida hikoya qilinadi.
Kitob bir qator nashrlardan o'tdi, ikkinchisi ilgari noma'lum bo'lgan yangi hujjatlar bilan to'ldirildi - tadqiqot va yozish ishlari kitobning nashr etilishi bilan tugamaydi.
Roman belarus va latış tillariga tarjima qilingan va Bolgariya, Vengriya va Chexoslovakiyada nashr etilgan "Etyen va uning soyasi" nomi bilan nashr etilgan; 1974 yilda suratga olindi - "Yer, talab bo'yicha" filmini 50 million kishi tomosha qildi. Mamlakat Manevich-Etenni tan oldi. Kashshoflar o'z bo'linmalarini uning nomi bilan atashadi, ularning geografiyasi juda keng: Arxangelskdan Bokugacha, Brestdan Saxalingacha.
Bizning zamondoshimiz qiyofasi - yozuvchi ijodining umumiy yo'nalishini shunday ifodalash mumkin. Bu kitobda to‘plangan urush va urushdan keyingi hikoyalar, hikoyalar buning so‘zsiz dalili bo‘lib xizmat qiladi. Hikoyalar urushning turli bosqichlari haqidadir, lekin ularning aksariyati oxirgi bosqichga, ya'ni "bo'ladigan g'alabaning aksi ozodlik jangchilarining charchagan, olovdan yonib ketgan yuzlariga tushgan" oxirgi yilga ishora qiladi. Evgeniy Vorobyov harbiy mavzuni haqli ravishda o'ziga xos deb hisoblashi mumkin. U yozuvchi sifatida frontda rivojlandi, u erda to'rt yilni tark etmasdan o'tkazdi.
Yozuvchining ishonchi komilki, eng muhimi, zamonaviy jihat harbiy mavzu - axloqiy. Yaxshilik va yovuzlik haqidagi yolg'on va haqiqiy tushunchalar, ma'naviy saxiylik va qo'pollik, qattiqqo'llik va shafqatsizlik, qo'rquv va qo'rqmaslik, harbiy burchni yuksak tushunish va nizomga o'ylamasdan rioya qilish, o'ziga va boshqalarga nisbatan talabchanlik - bu abadiy umumbashariy muammolar. Ehtimol, roman va hikoyalarda asosiy.
Ma'naviy yuk - bu front askarlari o'zlarining sumkalarida uylariga olib kelgan asosiy qadriyat. Ularning barchasi o'z vatanlariga - Leningradga yoki Bokuga, Belorussiyaga yoki Magnitogorskga - oilasi va yaqinlari oldiga qaytib: "Men sizning oldingizga to'rt yildan beri kelyapman ..." deyishlari mumkin edi. jonli va qonli tasvirlarda Sovet odami, tinch hayotda o‘zini jangchidek his qilish, askar birodarligining muqaddas qonunlariga sodiqlik. Bu, ayniqsa, "Qimmatroq narsa yo'q", "Kecha urush bo'ldi", "Xarita maydoni" hikoyalarida ifodali va hayajon bilan ifodalangan.
“Jangdoshlar”, “Shon-sharaf boshingda”, “Momaqaldiroq va chaqmoq” qissalari jangovar qismdagi askarlarning qon birodarligi va uning an’analari haqidadir. Polk bayrog'i "minglab lablarning teginishini eslaydi, ziqna erkaklar ko'z yoshlari bilan yuviladi va uning ustida jigarrang qon dog'lari bor. Bu qahramonlarning ismlarini saqlab qoladi va ismlarini hech kim eslamaydigan qo'rqoqlarga nafratlanadi."
"Unutma" - bu go'zal yosh ayol, hamshira Gala Legoshina haqidagi hikoya. U ko'p odamlarning hayotini saqlab qoldi, ko'p chidadi, juda ko'p dahshatli, qo'pol, shafqatsiz narsalarni ko'rdi. Va shunga qaramay, bu hikoya nozik, sof, baxtli sevgi, quvonchli va qiyin onalik haqida. Unutma - halol, samimiy, o'tkir va to'g'ridan-to'g'ri odam. Muallif rostgo‘y va ochiqchasiga, ziynatsiz va lak-bo‘yoqsiz, urushdan keyingi dastlabki oylarda och, yalang‘och o‘lkada, xarobaga aylangan shaharda, qorong‘ulikda yashovchi qishloqda, odamlarning hayoti naqadar qiyin bo‘lganini ko‘rsatadi. hali ularning boshiga tom qurish uchun. Muallif urushdan keyingi hayot qiyinchiliklari vayronagarchilik bilan cheklanmaganini ta’kidlagani to‘g‘ri. U urushdan qaytgan odamlarga xushmuomalaliksiz qaraydi va hammani ideallashtirmaydi. Bor, istisnolar bor. Urush hamma narsani tozalamadi, barcha yomon narsalarni ildizi bilan yo'q qilmadi, hammani qayta tarbiyalamadi. “Kecha urush bo‘ldi” qissasidagi “bitta mutasaddi”, “bir ahmoq”, “bir qo‘rqoq” haqida tinchlik-osoyishtalik kunlarigacha omon qolgan hazil-mutoyiba ortidan xavotir va ogohlantirish eshitiladi.
Yozuvchining qalbi kulrang palto kiyganlarga berilgan. U ularning ma'naviy pokligiga, chinakam muhabbatga bo'lgan ishtiyoqiga qoyil qoladi - bu "Necha yillar, qancha qish" hikoyasi, "Sentimental vals", "Tuvaldagi yorug'lik", "Bu ko'cha qayerda, qayerda" hikoyalari. bu uymi”, “Sahifalar shitirlashi”. Oxirgi hikoya qamaldagi Leningrad haqidadir. Bu yerda xuddi “Qamaldagi osmon” qissasidagidek o‘ziga xos muhit seziladi, aniq tafsilotlar esga olinadi: Xalq kutubxonasidagi olti yuzta muzlatilgan siyoh bo‘yoqlari, ayoz bilan qoplangan kitoblar, kulrang xaltadan yasalgan qutidagi Admiralty ignasi.
O'quvchi inson psixologiyasini tushunadi - muallif uni chuqur o'rganadi. “Osmonning har bir parchasi” qissasida murakkab psixologik vaziyat yuzaga keladi: ma’lum bo‘lishicha, ba’zida skautning eng oliy jasorati jang maydonini o‘z vaqtida tark etish, uni qo‘rqoq, deb tamg‘alashdan qo‘rqmasdan, eng oliy manfaatlar bo‘lsa, tark etishdir. ishning buyrug'i: chekin!
E. Vorobyov asarlarida front jangchilari o'zlarini tan oladilar, uning qahramonlari bilan ko'p yillik do'stlik va jonli yozishmalar mavjud.
Yozuvchi hozir nima qilyapti? Albatta, u yangi kitob tayyorlamoqda - muallif jasur alpinistlar qabilasidan xalqqa qaytdi. U olti marta Bratskka, Ust-Ilimga uchdi: u erda, Angara qirg'og'ida uning "qahramonlari" yashaydi va ishlaydi. Dahshatli Kolya Pasechnik endi trestni boshqaradi-yu, boshqa tanishlarmi?.. Yozuvchining yangi kitobini kutib qolaylik. Biz unga tez va baxtli bo'lishini tilaymiz.
G'ARB FRONTIDAN O'RTASH
Evgeniy Vorobyovning hikoya va hikoyalar kitobining ushbu qisqacha muqaddimasida biz kitobning o'zi haqida emas, balki uni yozgan shaxs haqida ko'p gapiramiz.
Evgeniy Vorobyovning bir-biridan qariyb yigirma yil ajratilgan ikkita eng yirik asari bir qarashda faqat bilvosita Ulug' Vatan urushi mavzusi bilan bog'liq. "Etyen" - Vorobyovning "Restantedagi yer" so'nggi romanining bosh qahramoni - 1936 yilda Italiya kontrrazvedkasi qo'liga tushgan, Vatan urushining barcha yillarini fashistik qamoqxonalar va lagerlarda o'tkazgan taniqli sovet razvedkachisi Lev Manevich. va G'alaba kunida vafot etdi, o'limdan bir necha kun oldin kontsentratsion lagerlardan ozod qilindi.
Vorobyovning yana bir romani - oltmishinchi yillarning boshlarida nashr etilgan "Balandlik" qahramoni, baland tog'li alpinist Nikolay Pasechnik kurashmagan, balki mamlakatni vayronalar va kullardan ko'targan bir paytda yozuvchi sifatida namoyon bo'ladi. Sobiq front razvedkachisi bo'lgan uning uchun "Balandlik" romanidagi urush hali ham uzoq bo'lmasa ham, o'tmishda.
Biroq, biz ishonch bilan aytishimiz mumkinki, muallif uchun uning "Bo'yi"dagi sevimli qahramoni ko'p va ajralmas mavzularda urush bilan bog'liq bo'lgan odam bo'lib chiqishi bejiz emas. "Land on Restante" kitobining qahramoni Manevich ("Etyen") Italiya qamoqxonasida jang qilishda va o'z askarlik burchini bajarishda davom etishi bejiz emas. Ulug 'Vatan urushi yillarida sodir bo'lgan hamma narsa, qamoqxona devorlari orqali unga kirib borgan hamma narsa uning axloqiy hayotida katta o'rin egallaydi.
Pasechnik - front askariga xos bo'lgan quruvchi, hayotining so'nggi soatigacha vatan va armiyadan uzoqlashgan Manevich esa o'z jang maydonida o'z pozitsiyasiga ega bo'lgan jangchi.
Har qanday yozma muhitda bosh qahramonlarni tanlash, boshqalarga emas, balki bu odamlarga yaqindan qiziqish ko'proq yoki kamroq darajada muallifning shaxsiy hayotiy tajribasidir.
Evgeniy Vorobyov uchun bunday tajriba G'arbiy frontda boshidan oxirigacha bo'lgan Ulug' Vatan urushi edi, keyinchalik u Smolensk yaqinida, Solovyov o'tish joyida boshlanib, Boltiqbo'yida, Frishda tugaydigan Uchinchi Belorussiya deb o'zgartirildi. -Nerung tupurdi, u yerda urushning so‘nggi o‘qlari otilgan kuni.
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fBN, BU YERDA NSCH VSHCHBMY...
pVUFBOPCHLB HAQIDA 'BRBDOPN ZHTPOFE FTBZYUEULYN MEFPN 1941 ZPDB OE RPJCHPMYMB CHPEOOSHN LPTTEURPODEOFBN-OPCHPVTBOGBN DPMZP "CHTSICHBFSHUS" CH NBFETYBFSHUS" CH NBFETYBHPUCHB. YoSche Y' OBU FPMSHLP OEDBCHOP UOSMY RYDTSBLY, OE OBKHYYMYUSH LBL UMEDHEF OBNBFSHCHBFSH RPTFSOLY, PVTBEBFSHUS UP UFTEMLPCHSHCHN PTHTSYEN. bTNEKULYE TSKHTOBMYUFSHCH-OPCHYULY RPRBMY CH UBNPE RELMP, CH ZHEKH ZTPOSHI UPVSCHFYK.
ULPMSHLP TB NOE RTYIPDYMPUSH UB DEUSFSH MEF TBVPFSHCH "lPNUPNPMSHULPK RTBCHDE" UDBCHBFSH NBFETYBM U RPD'BZPMPCHLPN "pF OBEZP LPTTEURPODEOFB"! FP VSHMY PUETLY P RHULE LPNUPNPMSHULPK DPNOSHCH nBZOYFLE HAQIDA; P ZPTSOLBI, UVTPUYCHYI RBTBODTSKH CH ZMKHIPN DBZEUFBOULPN BKHME UPI; P UMPFPİULBFEMSI RTIIULB chYUYNP-yBKFBOUL, FBETSOPN hTBME HAQIDA; P RETCHPN RPMEFE OBEZP DYTYTSBVMS; P CHUFTEYUE RBRBOYOGECH NBFETYLE HAQIDA; P UFSHYULBI RPZTBOYUOYLPCH U OBTHYYFEMSNY HAQIDA FHTEGLLPK ZTBOYGE; P FPTCEUFCHEOOPN URHULE HAQIDA CHPDH FERMPIPDB HAQIDA UECHETOPK CHETZHY CH MEOYOZTBDE (IPFEMPUSH PLTPRYFSH YUFBFEMEK VTSCHJZBNY YBNRBOULPZP, P ZHPTYFECHMATHEUPV.bbFTBVICHMATHYSH.H).
OP OY PDYO NBFETYBM UB CHUE ZPDSH TBVPFSCHOE DBMUSNOE U FBLYN FTHDPN, LBL LPTTEURPODEOGYS "x RPDOPTSYS CHUPFSHCH o", Ch LPFPTPK S RSCHFBMUS PRYUBFSH VPKSHUNPSHMEBO, -'BRBDOOEE DETECHOY lPTPCHOIL.
nsch RTYMETSOP RPM'BMY U ZHPPLPTTEURPODEOFPN mePOYDPN vBFSH RP LBLYN-FP LBOBCHBN, DPVTBMYUSH DP VPKGPC, UYDECHYI CH PLPRBI, OP RETEZPCHPTYFSH FPMLNKPE OX U. HD. th OEPVUFTEMSOOSCHK OPCHYYUPL, PVEUUYMECHYK PF UFTBIB, PZMPIYYK PF UNETFOPZP ZTPIPFB VPS, RTYRPM PVTBFOP HAQIDA UCHPA "YUIDDOHA" RPYGYA CH SNKH UPKH UPKHOPTBTOOPK SHCHYEK, OBDEFK OBVELTEOSH RP CHEMEOYA CHTSCHCHOPK CHPMOSCH. OH PDOPK UFTPYULY CH VMPLOPFE. mYYSH RPUMEDHAEBS VEUEDB U LPNBODITPN RPMLB AMDBYECHSCHN RPNPZMB NOE CHPPVTBIJFSH IPD VPS, MYUOSCHE OBVMADEOYS UPUFBCHYMY ZHPO LPTTEURPODEOGYY. h OEK ULCHPYYMY OBYCHOPUFSH Y UNSFEOYE OPCHYULB.
TEDBLFPT BTNEKULPK ZBJEFSHCH "UB UYUBUFSHE tPDYOSCH" NBKPT CHEDETOIL LTERLP CHSHCHTHZBM NEOS 'B RKHFEEUFCHYE RPD PZOEN CH TPPH, B S PVTBDPCHBMUS, YuTBTHPZ. 'OBYUIF, RPDPVOZP TPDB LULUHLHTUYY CHCHUE OE PVSBFEMSHOSHCH DMS OBEZP VTBFB CHPEOOOPZP LPTTEURPODEOFB, EUMY PRSCHFOSHCHK BTNEEG OBCHBM LFP NBMSHYUYEUFCHPN. bilan Y UBN KHVEDYMUS, YuFP Ch FBLPK PVUFBOPCHLE OEMSH'S RPZPCHPTYFSH U LEN-OYVKhDSH RP DKHYBN, NPTsOP FPMSHLP OBUREY PVNEOSFSHUS UMPCHBNY. s CHETOHMUS L TBVYFPNKH UBTBA, OH TBH OE DPUFBC "CHEYUOPK THYULY", B MEPOYD OH TBKH OE EEMLOKHM 'BFCHPTPN "ZhdB".
oOBBCHFTB, UMEDHS UPCHEFKH FPCHBTYEEK, S OE XFATSYM MPLFSNY Y LPMEOSNY YENMA, B DPVTBMUS DP LPNBODOPZP RHOLFB RPMLB Y KHOOBM X OBYUBMSHOILB YFBVOPUF RPYTPVB. noe UFBMB SUOB PVEBS LBTFYOB, NOE OBCHBMY ZHBNYMYY UFTEMLPC, RKHMENEFYUYLPCH, UBOIFBTPC Y ULHRP RETEYUYUMYMY, YUEN YNEOOOP POY PFMYUYUMYUSH. OP OILBLYI DEFBMEK, OEPVIPDYNSHI PUETLYUFKH RPDTPVOPUFEK BILAN OE HOBBM.
chFPTBS LPTTEURPODEOGYS VSHMB Y'MYYYOE PVEB, EE OE PRBMYMP DSCHIBOIE VPS OH UPYUOSHI DEFBMEK, OH TSYCHSHI MADEK. pVIMYE ZBLFPCH Y ZHBNYMYK OE URBUMP BCHFPTB, OECHOSFOBS ULPTPZPCHPTLB, RETEULBBOOPE NOPA UHIPE RPMYFDPOEUEOEYE KHNBMYYCHBMY P UBNPN IBTBLFETOPN. noe PUFBCHBMPUSH YMY NPMYUBFSH, YMY ZHBOFBYTPCHBFSH. th RTEDPYU RETCHPE BILAN.
h PVEYI NPYI RTPZHMLBI HAQIDA RETEDPCHHA S DEKUFCHPCHBM OEHNEMP. OE UNPZ OBKFY HAQIDA RETEDOEN LTBE UCHPK "OBVMADBFEMSHOSHCHK" RHOLF, B LPTTEURPODEOFKH, EUMY PO IPUEF VSCHFSH PYUECHYDGEN ZPTSYUYI UPVSHCHFYK, OBDPCHSHPCSHVESHBLFYF. yOPZDB OBYENKH VTBFH RTYIPDIFUS DEKUFCHPCHBFSH U "'BLTSCHFSHCHI RPIYGYK", B YOPZDB CHSHCHYZBFSHUS "RTSNKHA OBCHPDLH" HAQIDA. CHUE DEMP CH IBTBLFETE 'BDBOYS, OILBLYI ZPFPCHSHCHI TEGERFPCH 'DEUSH OEF Y VSHFSH OE NPTSEF.
rPUME YUEFSHTEI MEF TBVPFSCH HAQIDA ZHTPOF, PRBUBSUSH VSHFSH EBRPPDPTEOOSCHN CH OEULTPNOPUFY, CHUE TSE ULBTSKH, YuFP L RETCHPNH YUFPYUOILH UVPTB NBFETYVETYBYMBYMBYMBY FDPOEOOYS, TBUULBSCH TBOEOSCHI CH ZPURYFBME) RTYVEZBM TEDLP, B YUBEE VSHM PYUECHYDGEN FPZP, P YUEN OBRYUBM.
YuFP TSE LBUBEFUS ZhTPOFPChPZP PRSHCHFB, FP TSY'OSH VSHUFTP PFKHYUYMB PF YFBFULPK VEURPNPEOPUFY Y EUMY OE OBKHYUMB VEUUFTBYA, FP OBKHYUMBCHPCHPFYB YOPFCHPTOSCHK UFTBI, RPDUFKHRBCHYYK L ZPTMH, Y LBBBFSHUS URPLKOSCHN CH CHEUSHNB OEURPLPKOPK PVUFBOPCHLE, LBLYI VSC HUYMYK LFP OH UFPYMP.
bCHZKHUF UEOFSVTSH 1941 ZPDB NOE DPCHEMPUSH RTPCHEUFY CH 20-K BTNYY, YUSHY PVEUYMEOOOSCH RPMLY U TSEUFPLYNY VPSNY CHSTCHBMYUSH YY UECHETOSHIZPTUSCHTY YBMMEPTUSCHTYB UPPMCHHECHH Y TBDYUYOULHA RETERTBCHSHCH CHPUFPYUOSCHK VETEZ DOERTB HAQIDA.
h FE UFTBIOSCH OEDEMY RTYYMPUSH OENBMP RPRPM'BFSH RP RETEDOENH LTBA Y RP OYUEKOPK ENME. OBOY NEDUBOVBFSH Y RPMLPCHCHES NEDRHOLFSH UYMSHOP RPUFTBDBMY PF VPNVETSEL, CH TPFBI OE ICHBFBMP NEDYLBNEOFPC. lPZDB YMY VPY CH RPMKHPLTHTSEOYY, OE ICHBFBMP RKHMENEFPC, RBFTPOPC, CHYOFPCHPL.
NEOS CHLMAYUYMY CH RPYULPCHHA ZTHRRH, LPFPTBS OPYUBNY PVIPDYMB RPME VPS. NSH PVYBTYCHBMY TBOGSH Y 'BRMEYUOSHE NEYLY XVYFSHCHI. UPVTBM FPZDB DEUSFLB RPMFPTB CHYOFPCHPL Y BCHFPNBFPCH, NOPZP ZTBOBF Y RPDUKHNLPCH U RBFTPOBNY, U RPMUPFOY YODYCHYDHBMSHOSHI RBLEFPCH bilan. VSHMP LFP KH FPK CE CHSHUPFSCH o H 'OPKOSCHE OPYUY, PFTBCHMEOOOSCH FTHROSCHN UNTBDPN.
RETCHPE ZhTPOFPCHPE MEFP 'BRPNOYMPUSH EEE Y FEN, YuFP HAQIDA RPME UPS PUFBCHBMYUSH METSBFSH TBDHFSHE FKHYY KHVYFSHI MPYBDEC, PF OYI YUIPDYMP'MPCHPOYE. dPMZP RETED NPINY ZMBBNY UFPSMP UFTBIOPE 'TEMYEE: RTSSNSHN RPRBDBOYEN VPNVSH YULBTETSEOB RKHYLB-FTEIDACNPCHLB, B YuEFSHTE MPYBDY, FSOKHCHYIE EE, METSBF ZPCHPMCHPCHYB, METSBF ZPPCHERTCHYB...
mPIBDYOSCH FHY RTPYCHEMY HAQIDA NEOS ZOEFHEEE CHREYUBFMEOYE, CHPNPTSOP, RPFPNKH, YuFP OEBDPMZP DP CHPKOSHCH BILAN 'BOINBMUS CH NBOETSE, CH YLPME CHETIPSHCHOPFYBMBBFYP NB. rTY PZhPTNMEOYY NEOS CHPEOOSHCHN LPTTEURPODEOFPN S OBYCHOP RTPUYMUS HAQIDA AZP-'BRBDOP OBRTBCHMEOYE L NBTYBMH vKhDEOOPNKH: FBN VSCHMP OENBMP LBCHBMETYKULYI. “UFTEMSA ULCHETOP, UBN OEPVUFTEMSO, CH FBLFYUEULPN PFOPEYOY VEZTBNPFEO, OECHEUEMP UKHDYM S P UEVE. IPTPYP IPFSH LTERLP UYTSKH CH UEDME, KHNEA RPUMBFSH LPOS CH ZBMPR, OE VHDHF UNESFSHUS OBD CHUBDOILPN...”
fen MEFPN OEPVUFTEMSOOSCH MPYBDY CHUFBCHBMY HAQIDA DSHVSHCH RPUME LBTSDPZP CHSHCHUFTEMB, YBTBIBMYUSH CH UFPTPOH PF LBTSDPZP FBOLB, RHZBMYUSH CHPTPOPL HAQIDA; FPZDB EEE MPYBDY VBFBTESI VSHMY RPDPVTBOSHCH NBUFSH HAQIDA; FPZDB EEE HAQIDA DSHCHYMBY HRTTSEL VPMFBMYUSH RPRBTOP YUXDPCHYEOSHCH MPYBDYOSCH RTPFYCHPZBYUSH; FPZDB EEE HAQIDA ZHTPOF OEMSH'S VSHMP KHCHYDEFSH TSETEVEOLB. TSETEVSF, ZHTPOF HAQIDA TPTSDEOOSCHI, KHCHYDEM RPTSE BILAN, YUETE ZPD-DCHB-FTY. NYMSHCH UNEYOSCH DHTBMEY, U NMBDEOYUEUFCHB RTYCHSHLYYE L ZTPIPFH CHPKOSHCH, 'BDTBCH ICHPUFSHCH, TECHYMYUSH RPD RHMSNYY DEMYMY U NBFETSNY FSCEUFSH RPIPTFSH VPNWMPUFCHF. (rPUME CHPKOSH S RETEYUYFBM TBUULB ch. ZBTYOB "YUEFSHTE DOS" U PRYUBOYEN RPMS VPS CH TKHUULP-FKHTEGLHA CHPKOH, B RETED ZMBYBNY CHP'OILBMY TSBTLYEFBCHYBCHYBCHYBOY ERTB.)
CHEUSH NEUSG NSCH URBMY, TEDLP LPZDB TBHCHBSUSH. RP NOPZKH TB HAQIDA DOA TBDBCHBMYUSH YUFPYOSCH LTYLY "CHPDKHI", RETEDCHYZBFSHUS RP DPTPZBN RPDYUBU VSHMP PRBUOEEE, YUEN UIDEFSH CH PLPR. noe RTYYMPUSH FPZDB CHSCHOPUYFSH U RPMS VPS TBOEOSCHI, DEMBFSH RETECHSLY, RPNPZBFSH ZTHYFSH YI HAQIDA UBOYFBTOSCH RPCHPLY, RPMHFPTLY.
YuFPVSH VShchFSH RTBCHDYCHSHCHN, UMEDHEF ULBBFSH, YuFP CH CHPEOOPN PFOPEYOYY S PUFBCHBMUS NBMPZTBNPFOSHN, RPMKHOBKLPK. OE RPOINBM EEE, YuFP FBLPE NBOECHT, PITBOB UFSHLPCH, NEFPDYUEULYK PZPOSH, RTPNETSKHFPYuOSCHK THVETS. OP KHCE OBKHYUMUS OBVYCHBFSH RBFTPOBNY RXMENEFOXA MEOFKH; PFMYYUBM CHPTPOLYX, UDEMBOOKHA UOBTSDPN, PF CHPTPOLY NYOOPK; OE PFLBSCHCHBMUS PF PVEDB RPD PVUFTEMPN, B, LBL CHUE VPKGSHCH, OEFETREMYCHP DPUFBCHBM Y'-'B ZPMEOYEB UCHPA MPTSLH; OBM, LBLPC OENEGLYK LPTTELFYTPCHAIL OBSCHCHBAF "TBNPK", B LBLPC "LPUFSCHMAN"; CHNEUFE U OPNETBNY PTHDYKOPZP TBUYUEFB PFLTSCHCHBM TPF RTY LBTSDPN 'BMRE UCHPEK VBFBTEY, YUFPVSH OE PZMKHYYMP.
OP RPOBDPVYMPUSH NOPZP NEUSGECH HYUEVSHCH YUEFSHTEIMEFOEN ZhTPOFPChPN KHOYCHETUYFEFE, YuFPVSH NPTsOP VSHMP ULBBFSH: OBKHYUMUS GEMEUPPVTBOBOP OBIPDIFSH DMS UEVSTBFSHOBCHV." TYTHF, OHTSOSCHK DMS TBVPFSH. rPUFEROOOP YVBCHMSMUS PF VPSJO NOYNSCHI PRBUOPUFEK Y PF OEPUNPFTYFEMSHOPZP RPCHEDEOYS CH UMPTsOPK PVUFBOPCHL. TYUL, LPFPTSCHK YUBUFP UPRKhFUFCHHEF ZhTPOFPCHPNH LPTTEURPODEOFH CH EZP NBTYTHFBI, DPMTSEO PRTBCHDSCHBFSHUS CHBTsOPUFSHA FENSCH, GEOOPUFSHA DPVschCHBFEENPB. ZMKHRP TYULPCHBFSH RP RHUFSLBN, Y'-'B ETHODPCHULPK 'BNEFLY.
zhTPOFPCHBS UHDSHVB OE VSHMB LP NOE VMBZPULMPOOPK. rPUME RTPTSCHB RTPFYCHOILPN 'BRBDOPZP ZhTPOFB OBYB 20-S BTNYS, FBL CE LBL "RTBCHCHSHCHE" Y "MECHSHCHE" UPUEDY, PLBBBMBUSH CH PLTHTSEOYY. OBN OE HDBMPUSH PTZBOYPCHBOOP RTPVYFSHUS L UCHPYN. OENGSH TBZTPNYY YFBV BTNYY, Y NSCH RTPUBUYCHBMYUSH CHPUFPL NEMLYNY ZTHRRBNY HAQIDA. h LBOHO PLTHTSEOYS S RPMKHYUM OUELPMSHLP GEOOSCHI UPCHEFPCH PF LBRYFBOB OILPOB yeChGPChB, LPFPTSCHK KHUREM RTPCHPECHBFSH RPYUFY DCHB NEUSGB CH OENEGLLCHPN OUELPMSHLP, DCHB CH OENEGLLCHPN OUELPMSHSDD, FSHDCHBOB OILPOB.
YINB VSHMB CH FPF ZPD TBOOSS, PFUEFMYCHP RPNOA, YuFP UOEZ CH MEUBI UECHETP-'BRBDOEEE dPTPZPVKHTSB Y CH TBKPOE chSSHNSCH CHShCHRBM 6 PLFSVTS Y FPMZP OSB. TELY Y TEYULY, LPFPTSCHE RTYYMPUSH ZHPTUITPCHBFSH, VSHCHMY CH MEDSOSHHI 'BVETEZBI. rPD OPZBNY ITHUFEM MEDPL. OBYENH OEVPMSHYPNH PFTSDH RTYYMPUSH RTPCHEUFY OEULPMSHLP VPECHSCHI UFSCHUEL, LPZDB RETEUELBMY YPUUEKOSH DPTPZY YMY RETEYIDYMY YUETE NPUFYLY, LPFPTSHMSHCHE RBBMNYFPTSHYTP RBBMYTHCHGB. oby PFTSD DCHYZBMUS OPYUBNY, B “DOECHLY” KHUFTBYCHBMY CH MEUOSHI YUBEBI. vMBZPDBTS LFPNH NPI LTBFLPUTPYUOSCH LHTUSH "PLTHTSEOGB" DMYMYUSH DEUSFSH DOEK, NSCH RTPYMY U VPSNY VPMSHYE 150 LYMPNEFTCH Y HCE 12 PLFSVTS CHSHCHYYRPYPYPDY L UCHPYPPYPP, OCHTPYPPYPED. h LFPN TBKPOE S RTPCH OEULPMSHLP DOEK, FBL LBL "PVE'OPTSYM", OE NPZ DCHYZBFSHUS DBMSHYE UCHPYN IPDPN RPTFSOLY VSHCHMY CH LTPCHY. OP LFPF CHSCHOKHTSDEOOOSCHK "RTYCHBM" RPYEM NOE RPMSH'KH HAQIDA, UFBM UCHYDEFEMEN UPVSHCHFYK YUFPTYUUEULPZP OBYUEOYS BILAN.
Obboxoe obezpdb l uchpyn ch TBKPOE NPTSBKULB TBZTHYMYY TBZHYMYYDYYYY, UFBCHYK METEDDBTOSHTHN, LPNDHHHHPPT Yu RPmpuxiyo. OBVMADBM bilan, LBL RPMLPCHOIL RTPCHPDYM TELPZOPUGYTPCHLH HAQIDA NEUFOPUFY. 17-K lTBUOPOBNEOOOSCHK RPML PUEDMBM BCHFPUFTBDKH nYOUL nPULCHB Y TSEMEOKHA DPTPZH, B PLPRSH RTBCHPZHMBOZPCHPZP VBFBMSHPOB FSOKHMYUSH L UBNHPNULPNHVPDMA. RBNSFOLY TBFOPK UMBCHSCH UFBMY UCHYDEFEMSNY LPNBODITULPK TBCHEDLY, POB BLPOYUMBUSH HAQIDA YUFPTYUEULPK VBFBTEE TBECHULPZP. UMSCHYBM, LBL, OBRKHFUFCHHS LPNBODITPCH, UREYYCHYI CH UCHPY RPMLY Y VBFBMSHPOSH, LPNDICH rPMPUKHIYO, UFPS HAQIDA IPMNE, ULBUBM NOPZPOBYUYFEMSHOP:
oBU TsDEF TSEUFPLYK VPK. vHDEN VYFSHUS U ZHBUYUFBNY vPTPDYOULPN RPME HAQIDA. ChSchUFPSFSH MAVPK GEOPK CHPF RTYLB. fBLBS OBN DPFBMBUSH DPMS!
OBRTSCEOOOP TBVPFBMY UBRETSH SING NYOTPCHBMY RPDIPDSH L OBYN RPIYGYSN Y RPDZPFPCHYMY L CHATSHCHH NPUF HAQIDA BCHFPUFTBD. iPFSH EMEOSHLB TEYULB-OECHEMYULB, POB FPTSE DPMTSOB UFBFSH RTEZTBDPK DMS OENEGLYI FBOLPCH. h OPYUSH HAQIDA 13 PLFSVTS, RETED UBNSCHN TBUUCHEFPN, OBIY UBRETSH CHPTCHBMY NPUF X UEMSHGB CHETIOSS EMSHOS, ZDE RTPIPDAYM RETEDOYK LTBC PVPTPPOSH. rPUMEDOYN RP NPUFKH RTPYYEM FBOL Y' 18-K VTYZBDSHCH, VHLUYE HAQIDA FBAME RPDVIFSHCHK FBOL.
lBCDBS RSDSH YENMY 'DEUSH RTYOBDMETSYF YUFPTYY, Y TSDPN U UYVYTSLBNY UTBTSBMYUSH VEUUNETFOSCH FEOY RTEDLPCH. PVEMYULE HAQIDA, CHPDTHTSEOOPN HAQIDA LHTZBOYE Y KHCHEOYUBOOPN RBTSEIN PTMPN, CHCHUEEOSCH UMPCHB: “oERTYSFEMSH PFTBTSEO HAQIDA CHUEI RHOLFBI.” lPZDB S DEMBM 'BRYUSH CH UCHPEN RPFTERBOOPN, NOPZPLTBFOP RPDNPYUEOOPN Y CHCHUPIYEN VMPLOPFE, RPDKHNBM: “xDBUFUS MY OSCHOE UYVYTSLBN RPDRYUBFSHUSGMSGMSGMB CH yMMBTYPOPCHYUB lHFH'PCHB? yMY OBOY RPFPNLY KHRTELOKHF VPKGPCH Y LPNBODYTPCH DYCHYYY rPMPUKHIYOB CH OEUFPKLPUFY Y RTPYOEUKHF UCHPK RTYZPCHPT: “vPZBFSHTY OE CHCH”?
zhBYUFBN KHDBMPUSH 'BICHBFYFSH UFBOGYA vPTPDYOP. 17-K RPML RPOEU VPMSHYIE RPFETY, VPK CHP'ZMBCHYM ZETPKULYK LPNYUUBT DYCHYYYY nBTFSCHOPCH. “OENOPZYE CHETOHMYUSH U RPMS”, OP LMSFCHH CHETOPUFY POY UDETSBMY.
fY UMPCHB RTPCHKHYUBMY U PUPVEOOOPK UYMPK FBN, ZDE RP UPUEDUFCHH U RBNSFOILPN lHFKHIPCHH Y ZETPSN VSHMPZP UTBTSEOYS FSOKHMYUSH DMYOOSHCH TSSH RTPFLPCHMCHPSHMECHP CH OBDPMVSH, B CH PLPRBI YUFTEVYFEMY FBOLPCHNI TETKIRISh.
'BICHBFYCH UFBOGYA vPTPDYOP, ZHBUYUFSH RTPTCHBMYUSH BCHFPUFTBDH HAQIDA. h FPF DEOSH U REYUBMSHOPK 'MPVPDOECHOPUFSH RTP'CHHYUBMY VSC METNPOFPCHULYE UFTPULY: “UNNEYBMYUSH CH LHYUKH LPOY, MADI, Y 'BMRSCH FSHUSYU PTHDYK UMYBRSCH FSHUSYU PTHDYK PCSCHMSCHMSCHMSCHMSCHMMY." OP FERETSH L PZMKHYYFEMSHOPK LBOPOBDE RTYUPEDYOMUS EEE CHPK "NEUUETYNYFFPCH" Y "AOLETUPCH".
lPZDB 18 PLFSSVTS CHTBTSEULIN FBOLBN Y NPFPREPREIPFE HDBMPUSH PVPKFY nPTsBKUL U UECHETB Y AZB, NSCH PUFBCHYMY ZPTPD. h RPMOEVB UFPSMP PVMBLP DSHNB OBD UFBOGYEK ZPTEMB OJFEVBB. rP YPUUE HIPDYMY RPUMEDOYE UBOYFBTOSCH RPCHPLYY, ZTHJPCHYLY. MEZLPTBOOESCH UFPSMY HAQIDA RPDOPTSLBI, DETTSBUSH 'B DCHETGSCH YPZHETULYI LBVYO, CH LH'PCHBI METSBMY CHRPCHBMLKH FSTSEMPTBOOESCH. rPUMEDOYNYY nPTsBKULB HIPDYMYYEOYFUYILY, NYMYGYPOETSH, YUFTEVYFEMY FBOLPCH, ZTHRRSH NPFPGYILMYUFPCH CH UYOYI LPNVIOE'POBI Y'RPMLB Y''RPMLB Y'BYBTZBNEB VB.
TSDPN UP UFBOGYEK TsBCHPTPOLY, CH UPCHIPYE "CHMBUYIB", TBSHCHULBM RPMYFKHRTBCHMEOYE ZHTPOFB, UDBM LNEODBOFKH RPD TBURYULH R PTKHTSYE, LPFPTPE YB YOPYOSHBYUTB4 BFTOPCH. fBLPZP TPDB TBURYULB Y NPI DPLKHNEOFSH USHZTBMY TPMSH CH FPN, YuFP S VShchM UTPYuOP NPVYMYJPCHBO, RTYOSM RTYUSZH, NEOS 'BUUIMICH IFBF TEDBLGy RTBOPSHTBCHBT" ZBOOPSHTBCHPK".
okhtsop ulbbfsh, noe pyueosh RPCHEMP. h "lTBUOPBTNEKULPK RTBCHDE" UPVTBMBUSH UYMSHOBS FChPTYUEULBS ZTHRRRB. "rTBCHPZHMBOZPCHSHCHN" VSHM VBFBMSHPOOSCHK LPNYUUBT bMELUEK UHTLPCH, CH RYUBFEMSHULPN "CHJCHPDE" YUYUMYMYUSH chBDYN lPTSECHOILPC, nPTYU UMPVPDULPGEUPSHK, nPTYU UMPVPDULPSHHD CHETEKULYK Y CHYFBMYK ZPTSECH, PRSCHFOSHCH TSHTOBMYUFSH YI NPULCHSCHY NYOULB. 'BVEZBS CHRETED, ULBTsKH, YuFP, LPZDB UHTLPCHB RETECHEMY CH "lTBUOKHA 'CHEDKH", B lPTSECHOILPCHB CH "rTBCHDH", CHBLBOYA TEDBLGYPOOPZP RPPFB f'BOSMETCHPLECHK PCHB S.
ObyB DPChPEOOBS DTHTSVB U RYUBFEMEN-UBFYTYLPN UMVPPDULYN Y 'BVPFMYCHPE LP NOE PFOPYEOYE UHTLPCHB RPNPZMY RPYUKHCHUFChBFSH UEVS KHCHETOOEE CH TEDBLEEMMYPONEF.
zhTPOFPCHBS PVUFBOPCHLB CHULPTE CHOPCHSH RTYCHEMB NEOS NPTSBKULYK THVETS HAQIDA. h LBOHO pLFSVTSHULPZP RTBDOILB OBIPDIYMUS CH 82-K UFTEMLPCHPK DYCHYYY, CH RPMLH, LPFPTSCHN LPNBODPCHBM OEBVSCCHBENSCHK NOPA OYLPMBK OYLPMBECHYU UPMPCHECHYU. vPECHSHCHE RPYYGYY RPMLB FSOKHMYUSH FBN, ZDE NYOULPE YPUUE CHRMPFOKHA RPDIPDIF L UFBTPK uNPMEOUULPK DPTPZE. yMY TSEUFPLYE VPY, UYVYTSLYY KHTBMSHGSH PFVYCHBMY FBOLPCHCHE BFBLY ZHBUYUFPCH. bilan KHCHYDEM CH VYOPLMSH, LBL VESCHNSOOSHCHK ZETPK YCHSHTOKHM CH OENEGLYK FBOL VHFSHCHMLH U 'BTSYZBFEMSHOPK UNEUSHA lu (UNEUSH VSHCHMB FPZDB OPCHYOLPK) Y FBOLTMUSB...
OE KHURECH PFDSCHYBFSHUS RPUME CHUEI RETEDTSZ Y UFTBIPC CH RPMLH UPMPCHECHB, S RPRHFOSHNY NBUYOBNY DPVTBMUS DP nPULCHSHCH, YUFPVSH CHSHRPMOYFSH VBDBOIE TEDBLFBTCHP NYUUBTB f. qism NYTPOPCHB DBFSH CH "lTBUOPBTNEKLH" PFUEF P FPTCEUFCHEOOPN BUEDBOY nPUUPCHEFB, RPUCHSEOOOPN 24-K ZPDPCHEYOE pLFSVTSHULPK TECHPMAGYY. y' UPAB RYUBFEMEK HAQIDA KHMYGE chPTPCHULZP NEOS ORTTBCHYMY Ch lTBUOPRTEUOOULYK TBKLPN a'zosi (V), PO RPNEEBMUS HAQIDA UKhChPTCHULPN VKHMSHCHBTE, FERETSH FBNSHCHULPN dbBMT GEBMT GEBMT UBMT GEB. h YUBUSCH CHPJDKHYOPK FTECHPZY (EE PVYASCHMSMY CH LFPF DEOSH OEULPMSHLP TB) BUEDBOYS, UPCHEEBOYS, YOUFTHLFYTPCHBOYE PRPMYUEOGECH, CHSDYUB RTPDKHYOPK. fPK UBNPK GETLCHIY KH OYLYFULYI CHPTPF, CH LPFPTPK CHEOYUBUS RHYLYO. rPDChBM FBN UP UCHPDBNY NEFTPPCHP FPMEYOSCH.
rTYENYUFBS VHLCHB “n” RMPEBDY HAQIDA nBSLPCHULPZP EDCHB UCHEFYMBUSH UOYN UCHEFPN. bULBMBFPT UFBOGYY NEFTP TBVPFBM VEURETEVPKOP HAQIDA. DOEN CHPYOULYE LPNBODSCH, CHP'DKHYOKHA FTECHPZKH HAQIDA OECHYTBS, OPUYMY Y UPUEDOYI 'TYFEMSHOSHHI 'BMPCH VMPLY UFHMSHECH, UCHYOYUEOOSCHI RP RPMDATSYOE.
UFBOGYS NEFTP RTECHTBFYMBUSH CH PZTPNOSHCHK, CHSHFSOKHFSHCHK CH DMYOH RBTFET, 'BUFBCHMEOOOSCHK TBOPNBUFOSHNY UFKHMSHSNY, PFLYDOSHNY LTEUMBNY.
bilan RTYYYEM TBOP, Y NOE KHDBMPUSH 'BOSFSH NEUFP VMY'LP PF FTYVKHOSH X RSFPC YMY YEUFPK LPMPOOSCH. RHFY UMECHB UFPSM NEFTPRPEED U TBULTSHFSHNY DCHETSNY HAQIDA. pLOB PDOPZP YJ CHBZPOPCH VSHMY 'BOBCHEYOSCH BTFYUFYUEULBS HVPTOBS DMS KHYBUFOYLPCH LPOGETFB. TSDPN U BTFYUFYUEULPK CHBZPO-VHZhEF.
at RTBChPK UFPTPOSCH, OBRETELPT PVSHYUOPNH OBRTBCHMEOYA, UP UFBOGYY "veMPTKHUULBS" RTYYEM UREGYBMSHOSCHK RPEUD RTYVSHCHMY YUMEOSH rPMYFVATP glr(V).
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dP FPZP LBL RPDOSMYUSH CH CHEUFYVAMSH, OBN RPD UELTEFPN UPPVEYMY, YuFP CH UMHYUBE VMBZPRTYSFOPK, FP EUFSH ULCHETOPK, OEMEFOPK, RPZPDSH FTTBlPUFPUFYBUB bilan RBTBD ChPKUL. rTPRKHULB ZHTPOFPCHYLBN CHSHCHDBDHF CH nPULPCHULPN LPNYFEFE RBTFYY, CH UELTEFBTYBFE b. u. eETVBLPCHB.
lPOOSCH RBFTKHMY YJ LPOGB CH LPOEG NETYMY RTYFYYYHA RMPEBDSH, Y' FENOPFSCH DPOPUYMUS GPLPF LPRSHCHF, RTYZMKHYEOOOSCHK UOEZPN. GYZHETVMBF YUBUPCH HAQIDA URBUULPK VBYOE OE UCHEFYMUS, BYUEIMEOP THVYOPCHPE UP'CHEDYE nPULCHSHCH. TEDLYE NBYOSCH, RTPPIPDYCHYE NNNP zkhnB, PUCHEEEBMY UEVE DPTPZH RTYEHTEOOOSCHNY ZHBTBNY: XLYE RTPPTEY RTPRKHULBMY MYYSH UYOYK RPDUMERPCHBFSHCHK UCHEF.
TEYEOYE RTPCHEUFY RBTBD DETSBMY DP RPTSCH DP CHTENEY CH FBKOE CH RTYZHTPOFPCHPN ZPTPDE UMEDPCBMP PRBUBFSHUS CHTBTSDEVOSCHI KHYEK Y ZMB. OBLBOKHOE EEE CH RPMPCHYOE DEUSFPZP CHYUETB RMPEBDSH RTEVSHCHBMB CH PTSYDBOY RTBDOYUOPZP OBTSDB Y VSHMB RHUFSCHOOB. OP RPD UFELMSOOPK, RTPVYFPK PULPMLBNY LTSCHYEK RTPNETYEZP zkhnB IMPRPFBMY IHDPTSOILY Y DELPTBFPTSCH, RMPFOYLY ULPMBUYCHBMY TBNSCH DMS FTBOURBTBOFPCH Y RPTFTEFPC. 'DEUSH TSE, CH ZHNE, TBURPMPTSYMUS RPUFPK YUFTEVYFEMSHOSHCHK PFTSD PRPMYUEOGECH-URPTFUNEOPCH HAQIDA. UTEDY OYI VSHCHMY Y OBNEOYFSHCHE YUENRYPOSH, UFBDYPOBI HAQIDA LPZP NPULCHYUY OEPDOPLTBFOP CHYDEMY.
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tBOOYN KHFTPN 7 OPSVTS CHUE UBBODECHPP FXNBOP; USHTPK NPTPOPK FSCEUFSHHA UFMBMUS ON OBD ENMEK. lPMPLPMSHOS YCHBOB CHEMYLPZP Y UPVPTOSCH LHRPMB OE RPUCHYUYCHBMY FHULMSCHN 'PMPFPN, YI RPLTSCHMY YEMEOPK LTBULPK.
rPZPDB OEMEFOBS, OP BYTPUFBFSCH 'BZTBTSDEOOYS RPUME OPYUOPZP DETSKHTUFCHB OE PRHUFYMY, LBL LFP DEMBMY LBTSDPE KhFTP, OE PFCHEMY HAQIDA DOECHLPPNKBB, DOECHLPKBBKB.
rPZPDB OE PVNBOKHMB PTSIDBOYK: EE UMEDPCHBMP RTYOBFSH LBL OEMSH'S VPMEE RPDIPDSEEK, RTPUFP CHEMILPMEROPK. yNEOOP P FBLPK RPZPDE NEYUFBMY KHUFTPYFEMY Y HYUBUFOILY RBTBDDB. rTEDPUFPTTPTTSOPUFY TBDI RBTBD OBYUBMUS HAQIDA DCHB YUBUB TBOSHYE, YUEN PVSHYUOP. rPZPDB YMB "HMKHYUYEOYE" HAQIDA. UOEZ OBVTPUYM VEMSH NBULYTPCHPYUOSCH IBMBFSH HAQIDA YETEOZH ZPMHVSCHI EMEC. CHEFET UNEFBM VEMKHA RSHMSH U 'XVGPCh ltenmechulpk UFEOSCH, Y LBBMPUSH, LFP RPTPIPCHPK DSHN UFEMEFUS OBD FCHETDSCHOEK.
zPTUFLB CHPEOOSCHI LPTTEURPODEOFPCH UPVTBMBUSH KH MECHPZP LTSHMB nBCH'PMES. dP CHPKOSH HAQIDA FPN NEUFE PE CHTENS RBTBDHP FPMRYMYUSH CHPEOOSH BFFBYE CH RBTBDOPK ZHTNE, OSCHOE RPUPMSHUFCHB UBCHBLHYTPCHBMYUSH.
u TEYUSHA CHSHCHUFKHRIM rTEDUEDBFEMSH zPUKHDBTUFCHEOOPZP lPNYFEFB pVPTPPOSH y. UFBMYO qismi. h FP KhFTP Y' TBKHNOSHHI FTEVPCHBOYK VE'PRBUOPUFY TBDYPFTBOUMSGYS U lTBUOPK RMPEBDY OBYUBMBUSH U PRPBDBOYEN, LPZDB uFBMYO HCE 'BLBOYUYCHBM UCHPA TEYUSH. uFTBOB XUMSCHIBMB EZP TEYUSH CH TBDIIPBRYUY.
CHUMED JB RPMLBNY Y VBFBMSHPOBNY, RTYVSCCHYYNY U ZHTPOFB, OBIPDIYCHYNYUS CH NPULCHE YMY OBRTBCHMEOOOSCHNY Y ZHTPOFPCHSHI FSHMPCH DMS HYUBUFYS CH RBTBDE, RTPPBZPRBZBZD.
oBDP RTYOBFSH, CHYD X VPKGPCH OBTPDOPZP PRPMYUEOYS VSHM OEDPUFBFPYuOP NMPPDGECHBFSHCHK, OE RBTBDOSCHK. OP LFP RPUFBCHYF YN CH HRTEL RMPIHA CHSHRTBCHLH? yI MY CHIOB, UFP OE PUFBMPUSH UFTPECHSHCHE 'BOSFYS HAQIDA O'QIB? MADI OERTYYSCCHOPZP CHPTBUFB Y DBMELP OE PFNEOOOPZP 'DPTPChSS KHYUMYUSH NBTYYTPCHBFSH RPD BLLPNRBOENEOF VMY'LPK LBOPOBDSH. OP YNEOOOP PFUADB, U lTBUOPK RMPEBDY, ZDE LBTSDSCHK LBNEOSH RTYOBDMETSYF YUFPTYY, OBUYOBEFUS YI RKHFSH CH VEUUNETFYE. USHOPCHHS Y CHOKHLY VHDHF ZPTDYFSHUS CHBYN OERTELMPOOSCHN NHTSEUFCHPN, DPVMEUFOSH LTBUOPZCHBTDEKGSHCH UPTPL RETCHPZP ZPDB, CHPMPOFETSH RTYZHTPOFPCHPK nPULCHSHCH!
h FP RTBDOYUOPE KhFTP, UPCHUEN LBL h ZPDSH ZTBTSDBOULPK CHPKOSHCH, RBTBD UFBM PDOPCHTENEOOOP RTPCHPDBNY HAQIDA ZhTPOF. rKhFSH U lTBUOPK RMPEBDY dan OE CH LBBBTNSCH, B RPIYGYY HAQIDA.
rPTSE RP RMPEBDY U TSEMEOSCHN ZTPNSHIBOYEN CHEMY RHYLY, YMY FBOLY.
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OP YUEN VMYCE RTDCHYZBMBUSH MYOYS ZHTPOFB L ZPTPDH, FEN CHUE VPMSHYE UPLTBEBMYUSH NBTYTHFSH LPTTEURPODEOFPCH, FEN VSHCHUFTEE NPTsOP VSHMP DPVTBFSHUS O RETEDOYFOH YPDYK.
lPZDB ZHBIYUFSH PLBBBMYUSH VMYTSOI RPDUFHRBI HAQIDA L nPULCHE, RPEBDBN OE UFBMP DPTPZY HAQIDA UECHET, 'BRBD Y AZ. UENSH NPULPCHULYI CHPLEBMPCH RTECHTBFYMYUSH RTYZPTPDOSCHE, B CH UCHPDLE 'BRBDOPZP ZHTPOFB OBNEMSHLBMY OBCHBOYS UFBOGYK, RPUEMLPCH Y RMBFZhPTN, Y'BLPUBBCHOB yoshi so'.
h UETEDYOE OPSVTS ZHBUYUFSH RTEDRTYOSMY OPCHPE STPUFOPE OBUFHRMEOYE, Y PVUFBOPCHLB HAQIDA ZHTPOF HIKHDIYMBUSH. OE UBVShChFSh FPZP FSTSEMPZP DOS, LPZDB CHSHCHDBMY OPCHSHCHK LCHBDTBF LBTFSHCH, HAQIDA LPFPTPK HCE OBYUMYUSH 'BRBDOSCH RTYZPTPDSH, PLTBYOSCH YPULGETPZP. LBTFE FEUOYMYUSH HAQIDA, RPUMKHYOSCHE UNING NBUYFBVH, lTBUOBS RMPEBDSH, lTENMSH, NPUFSCH, RBNSFOILY, UFBDYPOSHCH, RBTLY. nPULCHB-TELB HAQIDA LBTFE OE RTPUFP TELB, B CHPDOBS RTEZTBDB. yPUUE, CHEDHEEE CH DBYOOPE zPMYGSHCHOP, OE RTPUFP YPUUE, B UFSHL DCHHI DYCHYYK. MEOYOULYE ZPTSH CHCHUPFB U FBLPK-FP PFNEFLPK. dPUFPRTYNEYUBFEMSHOPUFY, VEULPOYUOP DPTPZYE UETDGH THUULPZP YUEMPCHELB, PTYEOFYTSCH OBVMADBFEMEK.
nPULCHB UFBMB RETELTEUFLPN ZhTPOFPCHSHCHI DPTPZ, Y YUBUFP RKhFSH U PDOPZP KHYBUFLB 'BRBDOPZP ZhTPOFB HAQIDA DTHZPK, RTPMEZBCHYK YUETE ZPTPD, VShchCHPVSCHNHD. khChShch, RPE'DLY OBUY UFBOPCYMYUSH CHUE LPTPYUE, B LPNBODOSHCH RHOLFSH VBFBTEK, RPIYGYY FBOLYUFPCH RTYVMYTSBMYUSH.
TEDBLGYPOOSCH 'BDBOYS 'BUFBCHMSMY NEOS Y NPYI FPCHBTYEEK Y' "lTBUPBTNEKULPK RTBCHDSCH" PLBYSHCHBFSHUS CH "VPMECHSHHI" FPYULBI ZhTPOFB, UBNSHI OBRTSSEPP HAQIDA.
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CHETOHCHYYUSH U ACOPZP LTSHMB ZHTPOFB, Y' fKHMSHCH, 'BUREYYM HAQIDA TBUUCHEFE 27 OPSVTS CH DEDPCHUL. noe RPUYUBUFMYCHYMPUSH RTYCHEFY CH 78-A UFTEMLPCHA DYCHYYA TBDPUFOHA OPCHPUFSH: DYCHYYS UFBMB 9-K ZCHBTDEKULPK, B RPMLPCHOILH b. R. veMPVPTPPDCHH RTYUCHPEOP'ChBOYE ZEOETBM-NBKPTB. "lTBUOPBTNEKULBS RTBCHDB" EEE REYUBFBMBUSH, LPZDB S RTYICHBFYM UPVPK CHMBTSOSCHK PFFYUL RETCHPK RPMPUSH ZBEFSHCH Y DCHYOHMUS UECHET HAQIDA, chPMPLPUEMBNULPE HAQIDA.
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zChBTDEKGSCH! th meOYO OBNEOY HAQIDA... fBLBS YUEUFSH, MYGE VEMPVPPTPDPCHB HAQIDA UNEYBMYUSH YUBUFMYCHPE CHPMOOYE Y PBVPYUEOOPUFSH, B NSCH OPIUSHA UOPCHB PFPYMYY HAQIDA OPTHVECHTSCHK...
h FP KhFTP LPNBODYT OPChPTPTSDEOOOPK ZCHBTDEKULPK DYCHYYY LBL VSH PVTEM OPCHSHCHK 'BRBU UYM, OPCHHA TEYINPUFSH, RPYUKHCHUFCHPCHBM OPCHHA PFCHEFUFCHEOOPUFSH. 'BTSD IOETZIy VEMPVPTPDPCHB RETEDDBCHBMUS CHUEN, LFP OBIPDIYMUS TSDPN...
h LFPF DEOSH TBZPTEMUS VPK 'B DETECHOA OEZhEDSHEP. h UPUEDOEK BOLALAR lPJOP HAQIDA LPMPLPMSHOE GETLCHY KETDI UCHPYNY UCHSYUFBNY LPNBODYT RPMLB RPDRPMLPCHOIL uHIBOPCH. rTPFYCHOIL HCE 'BICHBFYM YUBUFSH DETECHOY, B CHPUFPYUOPK HAQIDA UNING PLPMYGE UFPSM CH 'BUOETSEOOPN PLPR VEMPVPTPPDCH.
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dYCHYYS OH TBH OE PFUFKHRYMB VE' RTYLBYB, B PFUFKHRBS, OE RPFETSMMB OH PDOPZP PTHDIS!
RPME VPS CHPPDHYECHYMP CHUEI HAQIDA rTYUHFUFCHYE LPNDYCHB. th OBUFKHRYMB NYOHFB, LPZDB VBFBMSHPO oyLPMBS tPNBOPCHB U LMYUEN “CHRETED, ZCHBTDEKGSHCH!” RPDOSMUS CH BFBLH. pF Y'VSH L Y'VE RPLBFYMUS CHBM THLPRBIOPK UICHBFLY. oEJEDSHEChP UOPChB RPMOPUFSHA RETEYMP CH OBIY THLY.
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OB PZTPNOPK DHZE PF LBYYTSCH DP UPMOEYUOPZPTULB LTERMP OBUYE URPTPFYCHMEOYE BICHBFUYILBN, Y OBUFKHRIM OBLPOEG DEOSH, LPZDB NSCH RPYUFY RPMCHOPDCHUEUFY ULCHH YJ PRBUOPZP RPMHLPMSHGB.
rP RTYLBYKH UFBCHLY 6 DELBVTS TBCHETOHMBUSH Y KHDBTYMB UP UFTBIOPK UYMPK FHZBS RTHTSYOB OBEZP OBUFHRMEOYS. zhBIYUFSH VSHMY PVEULTPCHMEOSCH, PVEUUYMEOSCH. NSH CHCHEMY CH VPK FTY TEETCHOSHE BTNYY. ZYFMETPCHGSCH OE CHCHDETTSBMY UCHETIOBRTSCEOYS Y PFLBFYMYUSH PF VMYTSOYI, B OBFEN Y PF DBMSHOYI RPDUFKHRPCH L nPULCHE.
h RETCHSHCHK CE DEOSH OBUFHRMEOYS CH VPA ЪB OEZhEDSHEP (chPMPLPMBNULPE OBRTBCHMEOYE) MEKFEOBOF rBCHEM ZKHDYSH Y ESP LBYRBTS UPTsZMY DEUSFSH RBTCHBOCHBOYPYB K. lPZDB FBOL CHETOHMUS HAQIDA YUIPDOHA RPYGYA, EZP OEMSH'S VSHMP KHOBFSH 'BLPRYUEOOOSCHK, VTPOS PE CHNSFYOBI, 'BUFTKHZBI, GBTBRIOBI, PLBMYOE. chDChPEN U zKhDEN NSCH OBUYFBMY HAQIDA YUETOPK, RPLPTETSEOOPK VTPOE 29 CHNSFYO. 'B BFPF VPK rBCHEM zXDUSh VShM OBZTBTSDEO PTDEOPN MEIOOB...
lBLHA-OYVKHSH EDEMA OBBD OBVMADBFEMSHOSHCHK RHOLF ZEOETBMB veMPVPTPPDCHB OBIPDIYMUS EEE DBMELP PF YUFTSHCH, HAQIDA'BRBDOPK PLTBYOE DEDPCHULB, CH RPNEEEBOOYB. rP UPUEDUFCHH CHSHCHUYMBUSH DBCHOP PUFSHCHCHYBS FTHVB FELUFYMSHOPK ZHBVTYLY. LBTSDSCHK TBTSCHCH UOBTSDB TBKNBZ PF'SCCHBMUS DTEVETSBOYEN KHGEMECHYI UFELPM HAQIDA. y ChPF ZhTPOFPCHBS DPTPZB CHOPCHSH RTYCHEMB NEOS CH BFKH DYCHYYYA CH DOY OBUFHRMEOYS.
OE UBVShChFSh lUFTShCh XFPP IE PUChPVPTsDOVS 11 DELBVTS. dMYOOOPK GERPYULPK, FBAEEK CH FKHNBOE, YMY VPKGSH VBFBMSHPOB, LPFPTSHN LPNBODPCHBM MEKFEOBOF AUKHRPCH. yBZBMY UMED CH UMED RP KHLPK FTPRLE, RTPMPTSEOOPK YUETE NYOOPE RPME. rP PWAYN UFPTPOBN METSBM 'BDSHCHNMEOOOSCHK UOEZ, RTPRBIYK NYOSCHN RPTPPIPN Y ZBTSHA.
h CHPEOOSCHI NENHBTBI "CHUEZDB CH VPA" DCHBTDSCH zETPK UPCHEFULPZP UPAUB ZEOETBM BTNYY b. R. veMPVPTPPDCH CHURPNYOBEF:
"chPEOOOSCHK LPTTEURPODEOF RYUBFEMSH ECZEOYK chPTPVSHECH, CHUFKHRYCHYK CH yUFTH U VBFBMSHPOPN AUKHRPCHB, 'BRYUBM FPZDB CH UCHPEN ZhTPOFPChPNCHUEOPPLOPFE'B," NYY ZHBLEMSHAILBNY. xGEMEMY MYYSH DCHB LYTRYUOSCHI 'DBOYS URTBCHB PF DPTPZY, B CH GEOFTE ZPTPDB PUFBMUS CH TSYCHSHI DPN U TBVYFPK LTSHCHYEK Y YEMEOSHCHK DPEBFSCHK LYPUL. URMPYOPE RPTSBTTYEE Y LBNEOPMPNOS, CHUE RTECHTBEEOP CH RTBI, PVMPNLY, FMEO, ZPMPCHEYLY, REREM.”
h OBYUBME CHPKOSHCH BILAN OBYCHOP RPMBZBM, YuFP ZETPYUUEULYE RPUFHRLY PVSBFEMSHOP PVKHUMPCHMEOSCH NYTOPK RTPZHEUUYEK CHPYOB, EZP ZHYYYUEULPKY CHPMEBLPK Y CHPMEBLKK. h OEK UMEDHEF YULBFSH RTEDRPUSCHMLY VKHDHEEZP RPDCHYZB, PVOBTHTSYFSH OTBCHUFCHEOOSCH YUFPLY ZETPYUEULPZP IBTBLFETB.
haqida VBFBTEE RTPFPYCHPFBOLPCHPZP RPMLB, 'BOSCHIYEZP RP'YGYY CH TBKPOE URBU-TSIPCHULPE, S RPOBBLLPNYMUS U TBDUFPN VBFBTEY reFTPN uFENBUPCCHN; UFBM ZETPEN UPCHEFULPZP UPA'B DA UPCHUEN OEDBCHOP.
eEE DP 'OBLPNUFChB UP UFifeNBUPChShN TEYM TBHOBFSH YUFP-OYVKhDSH P EZP DPCHPEOOOPK RTPZHEUUYY. iPTPYP VSCH ON VSCHM DPNEOEILPN, RPTSBTOSCHN, CHPDPMBBPN, ZPTOSCHN URBUBFEMEN, CHETIPMBBPN. fY RTPZHEUUY RTEDRPMBZBAF RTYCHSHCHYULH CH UMPTsOPK PVUFBOPCHLE TBUUUYFSHCHBFSH HAQIDA UCHPY UYMSCH, KHNEOYE VSHUFTP PTYEOFYTPCHBFSHUS, UNPFTEFYTPFSH Y.MPFSH Y HYUBE UMEDPPCHBMP MYYSH KHMPCHYFSH Y RTPCHEUFY CHOKHFTEOOAA RBTBMMEMSH, KHUFBOPCHYFSH CHBYNPUCHSSH RPUFHRLPCH. th 'BDBBUB TEYYMBUSH VSC MEZLP.
YuFP CHSHCH DEMBMY DP CHPKOSHCH? QAYERDA?
USHTSCH CHBTYM, PFCHEFYM uFENBUPC. TBVPFBM USHTTPCHBTEOOPN HAQIDA UBChPDE.
VSHM TBUFETSO bilan. rTBCHDB, uFENBUCH U KHCHMEYOOYEN YUYFBM CH AOPUFY "lBL 'BLBMSMBUSH UFBMSH". NPTsEF VSHFSH, rBCHLB lPTUBZYO CHPURYFBM CH OEN OEPUPOBOOSHCHK DP RPTSH DP CHTENEY RBFTYPFIYN?
y ChPF FERETSH, RPME VPS HAQIDA, UFENBUCH RTPSCHYM UEVS ZETPYUEULY: UFPS PDYO-PDYOEYEOEL UB EIFPN PTHDYS U TBVYFPK RBOPTBNPC, OBChPDS HAQIDA GESH OFFPMOLSHULPSH. TBUURTPUYFSH UFENBUPCHB RPDTPVOEE P DPCHPEOOOPK TsYYOY OE RPJCHPMYMB VPECHBS PVUFBOPCHLB. OP USHTTPCHBTEOOOSCHK UBChPD OE DBChBM NIO RPLPS, I S UChPY OEDPXNOPXBM Ch PUETLE LPNBOPDITH VBFBTOP OVESLPChX.
“LFP VShch neftni qayta ishlash zavodi ULBBBFSH? RPDKHNBM VEMSLPCH, OECHPMSHOP MAVKHSUSH uFENBUPCHSCHN (FPF RPD PZOEN FKHYM SOTISH UOBTSDBNY). rBTEOSH FYIYK. dP CHPKOSH 'BOYNBMUS Y CHCHUE NITOSCHN DEMPN. th PFLKHDB CHSMBUSH X LFPZP USCHTPCHBTB VEUUUFTBIOBS UOPTPCHLB?”
yUFPTYS UP uFENBUPCSHCHN 'BRPNOYMBUSH. rPOSM, YuFP ZETPYUUEULPE RPCHEDEOYE CHPYOB OE OBIPDIFUS CH RTSNPK UCHSY U EZP DPCHPEOOPK RTPZHEUUYEK, OP PVSBFEMSHOP UPCHRBDBEF U HTPCHOEN RBDBEF U HTPCHOEN EZP UPPOFTBOYSPFYP PMZB. fPMYULPN L RPDCHYZH NPTSEF VSHFSH YUEUFPMAVYCHPE TSEMBOYE RPTUMBCHYFSHUS, Y TsBTsDB NEUFY, Y ZPFPCHOPUFSH L UBNPRPTSETFCHPCHBOYA, Y NOPZPE DTHZPE. OHTSEO RUYIPMPZYUEULYK BOBMY, OHTSOP FPOLPE YUUMEDPCHBOIE IBTBLFETB.
OB RETCHPN LFBR CHPKOSHCH, RSCHFBSUSH TSYCHPRYUBFSH EE ZETPECH, S EEE OE RPOINBM, YuFP L LBTSDPNKH ZETPYUEULPNH IBTBLFETH OCTSOP OBKFY UCHPK LMAYU, BYBSFBSUSH BYYYTRPSHFTCHOFTHULSYB PTSEF.
PRYUBOIE RPDCHYZB ZETPS VSHCHBEF OEPFDEMYNP PF Y'PVTBTTSEOYS RTPFYCHPUFPSEEZP ENKH CHTBZB. rPDCHYZ UPCHETYBEFUS OE CH VEYCHP'DKHYOPN RTPUFTBOUFCHE, BY RTPSCHMSEFUS CH PFYUBSOOPK, UNETFEMSHOPK UICHBFLE RTPFYCHPVPTUFCHHAEYI UYM, LBL TEKHMSHUEMPUEPYP P RTECHPUIPDUFCHB PDOPK JUFPTPO. rPRTPPVHKFE OBRYUBFSH RTBCHDYCHP, KHVEDYFEMSHOP P FTHDOPN VPE, KHNPMYUBCH P UIMSHOSHI UFPTPOBI RTPFPYCHOILB, PZMHRMSS EZP, 'BUFBCHMSS YZTBFSH Y OBYTBPDBCHPUZP OPZDB CH OBYEK BTNEKULPK REYUBFY, DB Y CH MYFETBFHTE. h FBLYI URUPDBI OBY VPEG, RP YTPOYUOPNH CHSTBTTSEOYA fChBTDPCHULPZP, “THUULPK MPTSLPK DETECHSOOPK CHPUENSH ZHTYGECH HMPTSYM!..”
FEN Y UMBCHOB VSHMB OBYB RPVEDB, YuFP NSCH PDETTSBMY CHETI OE OBD FTHUMYCHSHNY PVPMFKHUBNY, B OBD'MPDESNY, IPTPYP CHPPTHTSEOOSCHNY Y PVHYUEOOOSCHNY CHPEOOPNH TENEOOPNH.
TsEMBOYE RTYOYYFSH RTPFYCHOILB ULBSCCHBMPUSH Y CH MELUYLE FBLYI BCHFPTPCH. zhBYUFSH KH OYI OE YMY H BFBLKH, B "PUFETCHEOMP ME'MY". EUMY 'BIPDYMB TEYUSH P OENEGLLPN OBNEOY, EZP OBSCCHBMY "FTSRLPK", IPFS FEN UBNSHN PVEUGEOYCHBMYUSH Y XUIMYS OBUYI TBCHEDYYLPCH, 'BICHBFYYYYFIT OBNEOY...
rPUME PUETEDOPK RPEDDLY HAQIDA RETEDPCHHA, LPZDB S LEAVE CH ENMSOL, CH VMIODBCE Y PFRYUSCHBMUS, X NEOS YOPZDB CHPKOILBMB OBDPVOPUFSH CH LPOUHMSHFBGYY UFYBTBBLUEMPYZ. NPK UPUED FCHBTDPCHULIK OE MAVYM, LPZDB EZP VEURPLPYMY, OP CHUEZDB RPNPZBM NOE VEJ TBDTBTSEOYS, RPPETSM VETETSOPE PFOPEOEYE L SJSHLH.
UBN bMELUBODT fTYZHPOPCHYU TBDPCHBM UMKHI KHDYCHYFEMSHOP FPYUOSCHN PFVPTPPN UMCH, RPUFTPEOYEN ZHTB, VSHM CHPYOUFCHHAEE OEFETRYN LP CHUSLPZP TPDBCHYAPCHYUPSPUFY, VHUFYUFPUFY. BY NPZ CH TBZPCHPTE OBUKHRIFSHUS, RPNTBUOEFSHOE PF FPZP, YuFP XUMSHCHYBM RMPIYE OPCHPUFY, B RPFPNH YuFP KH UPVEUEDOILB TPF OBVYF LBOGEMSTULYNYF-U.
rP RTPYEUFCHY YUEFSHTEI DEUSFLPCH MEF NPZH KHVEDYFEMSHOP ULBJBFSH: EUMY VSC S PUFBMUS LPTTEURPODEOPDOFPN GEOFTBMSHOPK ZBJEFSH Y LPYUECHBM RP TBESCHOBCHOBCHP CHPFCHPTOKHA MYFETBFHTOKHA UTEDH "lTBUOPBTNEKULPK RTBCHDSCH" Y OE PUFBCHBMUS VSC CHUA CHPKOH RPD FPCHBTYEEULYN RTYUNPFTPN URETCHB b. b. UHTLPCHB, B 'BFEN b. f. fChBTDPCHULPZP, EUMY VSHCHNOE OE RPUYUBUFMYCHYMPUSH UDTHTTSYFSHUS U MADSHNY, LPFPTSHCHE PVPZBFYMY NEOS OTBCHUFCHOOOP Y DKHYECHOP, VSH OE RPUNE RPUNE FSHPEOPNSCHUBB BILAN.
NPS PUCHEDPNMEOOPUFSH, RPME TSKHTOBMYUFULZP 'TEOYS YBUFP OE CHSHCHDETTSYCHBMY UTBCHOEOYS U THDYGYEK CHPEOOSCHI LPTTEURPODEOFPCH GEOFTBMSHOPK REYUBFY. OE RTYYMPUSHNOE UFBFSH PUECHYDGEN PUCHPVPTSDEOOYS ZPTPDPCH, LPFPTSCHE UFBMY ZPTPDBNY-ZETPSNY. PUFBMUS CH UFPTPOE PF NOPZYI PRETBGYK, TEYBCHYI IPD CHPKOSCH. OE CHIDEM, LBL YFKHTNPCHBMY TEKIUFBZ. CHUA CHPKOKH PUFBCHBMUS PDOPK DPMTSOPUFY RYUBFEMSH ZBJEFSH "ltBUOPBTNEKULBS RTBCHDB" HAQIDA ('BRBDOSCHK, 3-K veMPTKHUULYK ZHTPOFSH). OP, PEHEBS RPFETY CH NBUYFBVOPUFY UPVSCHFYK, MYYEOOOSCHK UFTBFEZYUEULPZP LTHZPJPTB, S CHSHYZTBM CH RTPYUSHI OBLPNUFCHBI CH FEYOOYE YUEFSHTEI YUEFSHTYOPUFYYOPUFYFYYH UM CHPNPTSOPUFSH RPTUMEDYFSH 'B UHDSHVBNY NOPZYI VPKGPCH Y LPNBODITPCH HAQIDA RTPFSTSEOY DMYOOSHI ZHTPOFPCHSHI MEF. xDBCHBMPUSH OBVMADBFSH TBCHYFYE IBTBLFETB, EZP LCHPMAGYA, CHYDEFSH, LBL VPKGSCH UFBOPCHYMYUSH LPNBODYTBNY, NMBDIYE LPNBODYTSCH UFBTYYNYY, LBL TPUMYFFCPFULFKH, TBCHUFCHEOOSCHK VBZBC.
CHRETCHE S OBRYUBM P NMBDYEN MEKFEOBOPHE bMELUEE vKHMBIPCHE CH DOY nPULPCHULPK VYFCHSHCH. U MEDSH UBZBT.
VKHMBIPC RPTPUMBCHYMUS VEUYBVBYOPK KHDBMSHA HAQIDA 'BRBDOPN VETEZKH ply RPD ZPTPDLPN bMELUYOPN. U UETSBOFPN PUEFTPCHSHCHN, U LTBUOPBTNEKGBNY VEUUNETFOSCHN, bVYYECHSHCHN, EEE PDOIN FPCHBTYEEN (ZHBNYMYS KhFTBYUEOB) BILAN OPYUSHA CHPTCHBMUS CHPTCHBMUS CHETECHOA MECHYOPHA, OPTYPHBYF. RSFET UNEMSHYUBLPCH PFVIMY DETECHOA, HOYUFPTSYMY 15 ZHBUYUFPCH, 'BICHBFYMY FTPZHEY DCHB UFBOLPCHSHCHI, RSFSH THYUSHI RKHMENEFPC, RPMFBPTCHFSHPOFPC, RPMFBPTCHFSHPOU2FP.
h YUBU PUCHPVPTsDEOOYS aIOPCHB RETCHSHNY CH TBTHYEOOOSCHK ZPTPD CHMYMY TBCHEDYYYY PUEFTPCH, bVYYECH Y vKHMBIPC.
TBOOEK CHEUOPK S OBCHEDBMUS CH VBFBMSHPO, LPFPTSCHN LPNBODPCHBM UFBTYK MEKFEOBOF b. vHMBIHR. lFP VShchMP nPTsBKULPN OBRTBCHMEOYY HAQIDA.
h VPSI UECHETOEE PTMB, TELE TsYJDTE HAQIDA, vKHMBIPC HCE LPNBODPCHBM 97-N RPMLPN 31-K ZCHBTDEKULPK UFTEMLPCHPK DYCHYYY. BY XUREM PLPOYUYFSH LTBFLPUTPYUOSCH LPNBODITULYE LHTUSH, ENKH RTYUCHPYMY 'CHBOYE NBKPTB.
iPTPYP RPNOA DEOSH, LPZDB HAQIDA RPYGYSI CHFPTTPZP VBFBMSHPOB 97-ZP RPMLB OBIY BTFYMMETYUFSH RPDVIMY RETCHPZP “FYZTB”. YuFP ZTEIB FBYFSH, EZP UYMSHOP RPVBYCHBMYUSH CH TPFBI Y PTHDYKOSCHI TBUYUEFBI.
OE FBL UFTBYEO FYZT, LBL EZP NBMAAF, ULB'BM vKhMBIPCH, CHSHCHME'BS RPUME PUNPFTB "FYZTB" ULChP'SH TCHBOKHA DSHTH CH VPTFPChPK VTPOE.
h DEOSH, LPZDB OBYUBMBUSH PRETBGYS “vBZTBFYPO”, RPML vKHMBIPCHB 'BOYNBM RPIYGYY CH VPMPFBI PUYOUFTPS, UECHETEEE beshinchi; TBUUCHEF HAQIDA 23 YAOS 1944 ZPDB DCHE YEMEOSHCH TBLEFSCH CHPCHEUFYMY P OBYUBME OBUFHRMEOYS.
13 YAMS RPML ZHPTUITPCHBM oENBO.
vShChBM X vHMBIPCHB H rPOBTFE, ATSOPN RTEDNEUFSHE LEOYZUVEZB. rPML PLBBBMUS OBRTBCHMEOY ZMBCHOPZP HDBTB HAQIDA. lPZDB ZBTOYPO LTERPUFY LEOYZUVETZ LBRYFKHMYTPCHBM, YFBV 11-K ZCHBTDEKULPK BTNYY RPTHYUYM RPMLH RTYEN RMEOOSCHI. rPDRPMLPCHOIL zETPK UPCHEFULPZP UPAB bMELUEK BOYUYNPCHYU vKHMBIPC RPLBBIBM NOE TBURYULY UDBMPUSH 17 FSCHUSYU RMEOOSCHI.
h RPUMEDHAEYE DOY RPML CHPECHBM HAQIDA LPUYE ZhTYY-oETXOZ, Y 28 BRTEMS 1945 ZPDB vKHMBIPCHB FSTSEMP TBOIMP. bFP YUEFCHETFPE TBOEOYE, B BY EEE FTYTSDSCH LPOFHTSEO. h DEOSH rPVEDSH RTPCHEDBM EZP CH ZPTPDLE fBRYBKH CHBLPZPURYFBME No. 290. pUFPPTsOP UFHRBS, BY DPLPCHSHMSM DP PLOB, 'B LPFPTSCHN ZTENE UBNPCHDESCHEKSHEKSHEKHEMING TBLEF.
h DEOSH, LPZDB ЪBTsZMY CHYUOSCHK PZPOSH HAQIDA NPZYME oeyjChEUFOPZP UPMDBFB, HAQIDA FPTSEUFCHEOOPN NYFYOSE KH lTENMECHULPK UFEOSCH VKHMBIPC CHSHCHUFDPUCHUMBOKHN FY TSYCHEF CH ZPTPDE UFHRYOE...
“ChPKO DBTS NYNPMEFOPE 'OBLPNUFChP PUFBCHMSEF YOPZDB CH RBNSFY ZMHVPLYK UMED, RYUBM S CH PUETLE “CHUFTEYUB KH LPUFTB” (chPUFPYUOBS rTKHUYUOBS rTKHUYT1PLYDF4,) haqida. rTY CHFPTK CHUFTEYUE MADI CHEDHF UEVS LBL UFBTSHCHE OBLPNSCHE, B EUMY YN DPCHEDEFUS UFPMLOHFSHUS HAQIDA ZHTPOFPCHPK DPTPZE CH FTEFYK TB, POY LBL YBLYBDSHCHFSHP'SCHFCHUSP NOYFSH, P YUEN RPZPCHPTYFSH”.
y bMELUEEEN BIBTPCHYUEN lH'PCHMECHSHCHN UMKHYUBK UCHPDYM NEOS HAQIDA ZHTPOF FTYTSDSCH. rPD nBMSTPUMBCHGEN PO SCHYMUS CH VMYODBTs L NBKPTKH yECchGPCHH Y RTPUYM RETECHEUFY EZP YYEDPCHSHCHI CH TBCHEDYUIL. vPECHBS FTECHPZB PVPTCHBMB OBUH VEUEDH RPMKHUMPCH HAQIDA. chFPTYYUOP S CHUFTEFYM lH'PCHMECHB HAQIDA RETERTBCHE YUETE' VETEYOH HAQIDA THVETS YAOS YAMS 1944 ZPDB. yI CHPD RTYUBMYM L VETEZKH RBTPNE HAQIDA. b RPUMEDOSS CHUFTEYUB U lH'PCHMECHSHCHN RTPY'PIMB CH OEOBUFOSHCHK PLFSVTSHULIK CHYUET CH CHPUFPYUOPK rTKHUUYY, CH yYTCHYODFE. nPTsOP VSHMP OE PRBUBFSHUS UBNPMEFPCH Y TSEYUSH LPUFET, ZTEFSHUS CH UCHPE KHDPCHPMSHUFCHYE.
iBTBLFET X lH'PCHMECHB OEKHTSYCHYUCHSHCHK, LPMAYUYK. CHUA CHPKOKH ON FPULHEF RP TPDOPK DETECHOE OERTSIYOP, RP PRKHUFECHYENKH DPNKH, RP DPYULE OBUFE, LPFPTHA KHZOBMY CH OENEFUYOKH. lH'PCHMECH OBCHUEZDB YUYUEYYY RPMS NPEZP 'TEOYS. dPTSYM MY ON DP doS rPVEDSH?
h ZHECHTBME 1945 ZPDB RPOBBLPNYMUS U RKHMENEFYULLPN yCHBOPN nyIBKMPCHYUEN chPINOGECHSHCHN, LPFPTSCHK CHOEYOE (DPMZPCHSCHK, KHUBFSHCHK, U RPLBFSHCHK, U RPLBFSHCHNY RMEYDPCHP.) IOBMNOE lH'PCHMECHB, L FPNH TSE Y BY KHTPTSEOEG uNPMEOULPK PVMBUFY.
s DBCHOP TEYM RTPCHEUFY OPYUSH CH PLPR VPECHPZP PITBOEOYS, Y FH 'BFEA HDBMPUSH PUHEEUFCHYFSH, LPZDB VPY YMY VMY RPVETETSSHS vBMFYKULPZP NPTS, ve BBDYUFZPZP ELKH PF IHFPTB bMSHFEOVETZ. rTEDRPMBZBM UPVTBFSH NBFETYBM DMS PUETLB "pLPROBS OPYUSH", OP PVUFPSFEMSHUFCHB UMPTSYMYUSH FBL, YuFP PVTBFOSHCHK RKhFSH VSCHM NOE PFTEBO. rPZPUFYM CH FPN PLPROE PDoy UHFLY, U YYVSHCHFLPN ICHBFYMP FP HAQIDA O'QISH, YuFPVSH RPDTPVOP, RP DKHYBN RPVEUEDPCHBFSH U chPINYOGECHSCHN...
fTY ZhTPOFPCHSHCHI CHUFTEYU U EDDPCHSHCHN Y TBCHEDYUYLPN bMELUEEEN 'BIBTPCHYUEN lH'PCHMECHSHCHN CHSHCHBMY TPTSDEOYE VMYOLPZP NPEK DKHYE UPMDBFB lBCHPBYMBDPu " ChB OBD ZPMPCHPK", "rSFSH MEF URXUFS"; IBTBLFET ZETPS VSHM EEE TPVLP OBNEYEO.
oEULPMSHLP YETFPYUEL IBTBLFETB, LTBUOPTEYYCHSHI RPDTPVOPUFEK YUCHPEK TSYOY RPDVTPUYM L PVTBYH RPTSYMPZP UPMDBFB Y LPNBODYT RKHMENEFOPZP TBUYUEFOPZP TBUYUEFGESHMEHSOBI, chP.
'OBLPNUFChP U LX'PChMEChShN I ChPNIOGEChShN, TBVPFB OBD KHRPNSOKHFSCHNY CHCHYE TBUULBBBNY CHSHCHBMY RPFTEVOPUFSH VPMEE RPMOP CHCHUCHEFYFSH FSH IBTSHPPMB YBTSHPVHB. rP-CHYDYNPNH, FBL ULMBDSCHBMUS IBTBLFET, PVTB ZMBCHOPZP DEKUFCHHAEEZP MYGB RPCHEUFY “lbRMS LTPCHY” REFTB brPMMYOBTYECHYUB reUFTSLPCHB, TSDPChPZPZPSHBOZP TSEMAVOP OBSCHCHBMY "RBRBYEK VE' RMBGLBTFSCH". oEULPMSHLP TB REUFTSLPCH VSCHM TBEO, LBTSDSCHK TB RPUME ZPURYFBMS EZP OBRTBCHMSMY CH DTHZHA YUBUFSH Y RPFPNH OH TBH OE XUREMY OZTBDYFSH. rEUFTSLPCH OE DPUMHTSYMUS DBCE DP EZHTEKFPTB; 'B YUEFSHTE ZPDB UPMDBFULYI NSCHFBTUFCH UBN PO OE PFDBM OH PDOPZP RTYLBYB, FPMSHLP CHSHRPMOSM YUXHTSIE.
YUYFBFEMSHULYI HAQIDA LPOZHETEOGYSI RP RPCHEUFY “lbRMS LTPCHY” (DECHSFSH YJDBOYK HAQIDA TKHULPN SJSHLE) NEOS OE TB URTBYCHBMY: VSHM MY RTPFPFTFOILPLCHBBO re X DEU? PFCHYUBM, YuFP LFPF PVTB UPVYTBFEMSHOSHCHK bilan. LBTSDSCHK TB NOE TSYCHP RTYIPDYMY HAQIDA RBNSFSH lH'PCHMECH, chPINYOGECH Y DTHZIE RPTSYMSCHE UPMDBFSCH, DPIEDYYE PF NOPZPUFTBDBMSHOPK UNPMEOEYOSCH DPuFTBDBMSHOPK UNPMEOEYOSCH DPuPUKHOPKFPPr.
fPYuOP FBL TSE, LBL CH UMKHYUBE U reUFTSLPCHSHCHN OE VSHMP FPYUOPZP RTPFPFYRB, LPFPTSCHK RTEDCHBTYM VSH RPSCHMEOYE UBOYOUFTKHLFPTB zBMYOSCH MEZTPPEPPYOPCHVK, YNEOOOPK RPCHEUFY (TKHULPN SJSHLE HAQIDA YEUFSH YYDBOYK).
h RPCHEUFY "oEBVXDLB" IPFEMPUSH RPOBLPNYFSH YUYFBFEMS U UBNPVschFOSHCHN TSEOULIN IBTBLFETPN CHOEYOSS ZTHVPCHBFPUFSH FPMSHLP FPOLBS PVPMPYULB EE ULTSHFPFLPUBSFYETUB, GYS RTY EE DKHYECHOPK TBOINPUFY. "uPVYTBM" IBTBLFET RP YETFPYULBN, RP LTHRYGBN. h TEGEOYY HAQIDA RPCHEUFSH "oEBBVKHDLB" CH "mYFETBFHTOPC ZBJEFE" LTYFYL bMEUSH bDBNPCHYU URTBCHEDMYCHP RYUBM P TSEOOYOBY, OBUEMSAEYI CHPEOOSH NORTOCHFYU " ULHA UPMDBFULHA YMY RBTFYYBOLHA UHDSHVH. OP FPYULB PFUYUEF RPYUFY CHUEZDB PDOB: NSCH, NHTSYUYOSCH, CHPKOYE HAQIDA.” b NOE PYUEOSH IPFEMPUSH, YUFPVSHCH YUFBFEMS "oEBBVKhDLY" RPSCHYMPUSH "RPOINBOYE OEPRMBFOPZP DPMZB RETED TsEOEYOPK, LPFPTBBS RTYOSMB HAQIDA UEVS UFPMOSSHLPOSCHMECHPs... MB YURSHCHFBOYS OE FPMSHLP CHPKOPK. oP Y RPTK YuEMPCHYUEULPK ZTHVPUFSHHA, OYUHFLPUFSHHA, ZMHRPUFSHHA. lPOYUOP, PVSHCHBFEMSHULYE RTEDUFBCHMEOYS NEOSMYUSH, OP OE CHUEZDB VSHUFTP, B CHPKOB Y VE' FPZP PFOSMB KH ZHTPOFPCHYUEL ZPDSH..." (Y'FPK CE b'YCHPY TEGE).
h oyeBVKhDLE UPEDYOMYUSH YUETFSH IBTBLFETB NPMPDSCHI TSEOEYO, LPFPTSCHI S CH FEYUEOYE OULPMSHLYI MEF OBVMADBM CH VPECHPK PVUFBOPCHLE. RETCHBS Y' OYI UBOYOUFTHHLFPT OYOB nBLUINPCHOB ULYDBO (31-S ZCHBTDEKULBS DYCHYYS). rTY ZHPTUITPCHBOY OENBOB S CHDCHPEN U OYOPK (OEMChLP Sh FPN RTYOBFSHUS) DETSBMUS 'B ICHPUF PDOPK MPYBDY.
oEULPMSHLP rRY'PDPCH ZhTPOFPChPK TsYOY oebvhdly OBCHOSCH VYPZTBJYEK ELBFETYOSCH zBREEOLPChPK (nHTBYECHPK), UBOYFBTLY Y TBCHEDYUYGSHCH PFTSDE OILPOB yeChGPB.
fTEFSHEK RTBTPDYFEMSHOYGEK oEBBVHDLY VSHMB OBNEOYFBS HAQIDA OBYEN ZHTPOFE EMEOB lPCBMSHYUHL. fFP POB PFLTSCHMB NEDRHOLF CH RPDCHBME dPNB PZHYGETPCH CH OBTP-zhPNYOULE HAQIDA THVETS OPSVTS DELBVTS 1941 ZPDB. x lPChBMSHUXL "'BINUFChPChBMB" oEBVXDLB UChP NYaTOXA RTPZHEUUYA RBTYLNBIETB.
noe DPCHEMPUSH FTYTSDSCH RTPCHEDBFSH emeokh LPCHBMSHYUHL CH ZPURYFBMSI, POB RTYETSBMB LP NOE CH TEDBLGYA RPUME “FELHEEZP YMY LBRYFBMSHOPZP TENPOFB” (RP ITS CHSTBTSEYA). rPUMEDOYK TB CHYDEMYUSH OB OEULPMSHLP DOEK DP EE ZYVEMY HAQIDA RPDUFHRBI L OENBOKH. noe TBUULBBMY: EE TBOIMP, OP POB OE RTELTBFYMB NEDYGYOULPK RPNPEY DTHZYN, DEMBMB RETECHSLY. TSDPN TBPTCHBMUS EEE UOBTSD, Y TSYOSH EMEOSCH lPCHBMSHYUHL PVPTCHBMBUSH, OP OERPDCHYTSOBS THLB LTERLP DETSBMB VYOF. fP RTPYPYMP 15 YAMS 1944 ZPDB, LPZDB 175-K UFTEMLPCHShCHK RPML YFKHTNPCHBM HAQIDA EBRBDOPN VETEZKH oENBOB UFBTYOOSHCHK ZhPTF, LYMPNEFTBI CH DCHBRIDEBHEBHEB.
'B FTY ZHTPOFPCHSHCHI ZPDB UNING HUYMYSNY VSHMP URBUEOP PLPMP 800 UPMDBF Y PZHYGETPCH. OB OZTBTSDEOB YEUFSHA PECHSHCHNY PTDEOBNY. YNEOEN EMEOSCH LPCHBMSHYUHL OBCHBOSHCH XMYGSHCH HLYECHE Y LBMYOYOZTBDE...
YuEFSHTE ZHTPOFPCHSHCHI ZPDB NOE RPUYUBUFMYCHYMPUSH CHTENS PF CHTENEY OBVMADBFSH 'B TBVPFPK OE FPMSHLP UFBTYI MYFETBFKHTOSHHI FPCHBTYEEK CH "LTBUOPKSHYPHIDEChP." BOPCHL FBLYI EBNEYUBFEMSHOSCHI CHPEOOSCHI LPTTEURPODEOFPCH, LBL echZEOYK REFTPC, lPOUFBOFYO UYNPOPCH, chMBDYNYT uFBCHULYK, echZEOYK lTYZET, REFTCHMEOLPTECH rB, rMBFPOPCH, bMELUBODT vel. CHUFTEYUY U LFYNY RYUBFEMSNY PFTBYMYUSH HAQIDA NPEK TBVPFE CH "LTBUOPBTNEKULPK RTBCHDE", PLBBBMY CHMYSOYE HAQIDA CHUA RPUMEDHAEHA MYFETBFHTOHA TBNYVPFSHPSHPSH CHD.
h RPUMECHPEOOOSCH ZPDSH NOPZYN LOYZBN, PFTBIYCHYN CHPCHTBEEOYE L NYTOPK TSYYOY, CHPUUFBOPCHMEOYE CH TBBPTEOOOPK UFTBOE RTPNSCHYMEOOPUFYY UEMSHULPZYN LOYZBN, CHE TEFTPURELEGYY PFJCHHLY, PFZPMPULY, PFUCHEFSHCHNYOKHCHYEK CHPKOSHCH...
bilan CHETOHMUS L FENE, LPFPTBS UFBMB NOE VMYJLPK EEE "OBTE FHNBOOPK AOPUFY", LPZDB OBUYOBM TBVPFH CH REYUBFY Y UFBM LPTTEURPODEOFPN "lPNUPNPMSHULPK RTBCTCHVPDCHMBO" CHULBS, yuEMSVYOULBS Y RETNULBS PVMBUFY, CHNEUFE CHUSFSHCHE). nOPZP CHTENEY RTPCHPDYM HAQIDA UFTPKLBI hTBMP-lHVBUUB, CHIPDIM CH UPUFBCH CHCHEDDOPK TEDBLGYY "lPNUPNPMSHULPK RTBCHDSCH" HAQIDA UFTPKLE LPNUPNSHULPCHFPZPOZO; PV LFPN CHBZPOE-TEDBLGYY TBUULBBM chBMEOFYO lBFBECH CH TPNBOE “chTENS, CHREDED!”
chPUUFBOPCHMEOYE TBTHYEOOOPZP "bRPTPTSUFTPS" MEZMP CH PUOPCHH TPNBOB "chShchUPFB". zMBCHOSHE ZETPY LOYZY: NPOFBTSOIL-CHETIPMB rBUEYUOIL VSCHCHYYK ZHTPOFPCHPK TBCHEDYUYL, B EZP RTPTBV fPLNBLLPCH VSCHCHYYK LPNBODYT UBRETOPZP VBFBMSHPOB. s UFTENYMUS CH PVTBEB OYLPMBS rBUEYUOILB CHPUUP'DBFSH IBTBLFETOSHCH YETFSCH, UCHPKUFCHEOOSCH UFBTPTSYMKH RETEDOEZP LTBS, MYIPNKH TBCHEDYUYLH.
y OEULPMSHLP MEF URXUFS OYLPMBK rBUEYUOIL RPUMKHYEO CHMBUFOSHCHN CHPURPNYOBOYSN P CHPKOE. rPUME FPZP LBL UFBM TSETFChPK HIBTULPK OEPUFPPTTSOPUFY HAQIDA CHCHUPFE, rBUEYUOIL RPRBM CH VPMSHOYGH.
"OPUBNI po CHURPNYOBM CHUE UBNPE RBNSFOPE, YuFP ENKH RTYYMPUSH RETETSYFSH, Y OBSCHH YMY CH PVTSHCHLBI UOB UFTBOOSCHN PVTBBPN UNEYYCHBMYUSH 'DEUSH UPVSHCHFYUSH 'DEUSH UPVSHCHFYSCHTOPKPKP YOY. FP PO PFRTBCHMSMUS CH OPYUOPK RPYUL, HAQIDA PIPFKH UB "S'ShChLPN", Sh VPMSHOYUOSCHI FHZHMSI, RETERPSUBOOSHCHK NPOFBTSOSHCHN RPSUPN Y BUYEN-FP CHPPOSCHOSCHUPNOSB. FP CH LBULE Y NBULYTPCHPYuOPN IBMBFE, KHCHEYBOOSCHK ZTBOBFBNY, CH UBRPZBI ME HAQIDA CHSHUPYUEOOHA NBYUFKH Y TBZKHMYCHBM CH FBLPN CHYDE HAQIDA ZPMPCHPYuOPTCHKYF...”
h PTSIDBOYY, LPZDB RTPKDEF PYUETEDOPK DPTDSSH Y CHSHUPIOKHF PRBUOP ULPMSHLYE LPOUFTHLGYY, RTPTBV fPLNBLLPCH 'BME' CH EEE METSBEKHA HAQIDA YENME Y PTSIDBAEHA FYUETEDOPK DPTDSSH. YINHYUEO OPERATING DETSKHTUFCHBNY, OP RTY LFPN UFTBDBEF PF VEUUPOOYGSCH tomonidan:
“chPF FBL CE VSHCHBMP Y ZHTPOF HAQIDA. vBFBMSHPO KhCE URBM RPUME NBTYB, OILFP Y KhTSYOBFSH OE UFBM, RPFPNH YuFP KHUFBMPUFSH PLBBBMBUSH UIMSHOE ZPMPDB. fPLNBLPLCH PVIPDYM CHUE Y'VSHCH, PDOKH 'B DTHZPK, RPFPN RTPCHETSM RPUFSHCH. neYuFBM FPMSHLP VSH DPVTBFSHUS DP LBLPK-OYVKhDSH METSBOLY Y, OE UOYNBS NPLTSCHI UBRPZ, MEYUSH, KHLTSCHFSHUS YYOEMSHA, LYUMP RBIOKHEEK, RPMPTSYFSH ZPMPCHMECHHNH UCHUN HAQIDA. VSHM KHCHETEO, YuFP UTBKH BUOOEF LBL KHVYFSHCHK, OE TBVKHDYF Y PYUETEDSH YBCHFPNBFB, RHEOOOBS OBD HIPN. mPTsYMUS FBLPK YINHYUEOOOSCHK, YuFP LBBBMPUSH OE ICHBFYF UYM DBTSE HAQIDA FP, YuFPVSH KHCHYDEFSH UPO...
th UEKYUBU fPLNBLPCH DPMZP OE neftni qayta ishlash zavodi 'BUOXFSh, PICHBUEOOSCHK FTECHPZPK, LBL VSHCHBMP RETED FTHDOPK VPECHPK PRETBGYEK. nPTsEF, OE URPMPIY BMELFTPUCHBTLY YZTBAF HAQIDA RPLBFPN RPFPMLE Y CHPZOKHFSHI UFEOBI FTHVSHCH, B PFUCHEFSHCH TBLEF? nPTsEF, OE VBMMPOSCH U LYUMPTPDPN, B UOBTSSDCH OSHPAZ ZTHJPCHYL U LTBUOSCHN ZHMBTSLPN OBD YPZHETULPK LBVYOPK? nPTsEF, OE DTPVSH ROECHNBFYUEULPZP NMPMPFLB DPOPUYFUS, B RHMENEFOSCHE PYUETEDY? NPTsEF, OE DCHYTSEOYE NBYO U GENEOFPN, LITRYYUPN, DPULBNY UMSCHYYFUS HAQIDA YPUUE, B TSEMEOPE ZTPNSHIBOIE VBFBTEC Y FBOLPCH, LPFPTSHCHE ZPOIF CHRED ZPTEFMETOYK CHRED ZPTEFMETOYKUFH?
h fh opyush rpddyenpn x fp'hoilmp FBlpe PEHEHEOYHE, VKHDPP PRSFHRUPXHCHHRMEOYHA, PZDSHSH RTPRDBRMEOYH RPD PZOEN DPT PZH ... "
h PDYO YUBNSCHI PFCHEFUFCHEOOSCHI NNEOPCH NPOFBTSB, LPZDB RPDSHNBMY FSTSEMPCHEUOKHA ZHETNH Y RBUEYUOIL 'BVTBMUS HAQIDA CHETIKHYLKH DPNOSHCH, TBYMBBBSCHPSCHOBUSTSBB .
“OBCHETOPE, NPOFBTSOILY OBCHETIKH CHSHVYMYUSH YYUYM, DB Y MADEK OE ICHBFBEF, 'BVEURPLPYMUS RTPTBV haqida. rPUMBFSH UEKYUBU OBCHETI MADEK UCHPEK CHMBUFSHA fPLNBLPC OE YNEEF RTBCHB. b DPVTPCHPMSHGSHCH?
y, LBL CHUEZDB CH UBNSH FTKhDOSH NYOKHFSCH TSYOY, fPLNBLPC PVTBFYM UCHPA OBDETSDH, CHETKH Y FTECHPZKH RTETSDE CHUEZP L FPCHBTYEBN RP RBTFYY. ko'ra RPDVETSBM L MADSN, OBVMADBCHYYN UB RPDYAENPN, PUFBOPCHYMUS HAQIDA RPMDPTPZE, RPLBBBM THLPK HAQIDA CHETIXILKH DPNOSH Y LTYLOKHM, RETELTSCHCHBS YKHN CHEFTB:
lPNNNHOY-Y-YUFSHCH, KO'P-ED!..
y, XUMSCHIBCH LFPF RTYZMKHYEOOOSCHK, TBPTCHBOOSCHK CHEFTPN LTYL, fPLNBLPC CHDTHZ KHDYCHYFEMSHOP SUOP Y PFUEFMYCHP CHURPNOYM, LBL CH VPA 'B CHSHUPFPNFYP DYT TPFSCH, CHRETCHE LMYLOKHM LFPF LMYU. CHURPNOYM Y UEVS UBNPZP, UCHPE CHOEBROP PFSTSEMECHEE FEMP, LPFPTPPE LBTSDPK LMEFPYLPK RTYTSYNBMPUSH L UPYUOPK YAOSHULPK FTBCHE Y LPFPTPNH FBL FBLSHUSSHPTYPSHB UFTEYUKH UNETFOPNKH RPUCHYUFKH RHMSH.
OP CH FPN VPA RPD CHSCUPFPK 208,8 PO, fPLNBLPC, UBN ECBM CH GERY. vETSBFSH VSC ENKH Y UEKYBU CHREDEDY CHUEI, RETERTSCHZYCHBS UFXREOSHLY, OYLP RTYZYVBSUSH PF CHEFTB, BDSHCHIBSUSH PF VSHUFTPZP VEZB, CHSTHTYULH L UKYBU HAQIDA. "
l CHUETBYOYN ZHTPOFPCHYLBN RETUPOBTsBN “chSHUPFSCH” PFOPUSFUS LMERBMSHAIL vBZTBF Y EZP TsEOB, VSHCHYYK UBOYOUFTHLFPT; RBTFPTZ bob KHDBTOPK HAQIDA UFTPKLE fetopchPK, VSCHCHYYK LPNYUUBT RPMLB, LPFPTSHK RPUME TBOEOYS OE TBUUFBEFUS U RBMLPK; OBZTECHBMSHEYGB lBFS, LTKHZMBS UYTPFB, KH LPFPTPK "PFGB ZYFMET KHVYM", J LPTTEURPODEOF NEUFOPK ZBEFSCH OETsDBOPCH, CH LPFPTPN VE' FTHDB KhZBDCHFPTBEF.
“h LBYUEUFCHE TSDPCHPZP UFTEMLPCHPK TPFSCH oETsDBOPCH PYUHFYMUS 'BRBDOPN ZhTPOFE HAQIDA. rPUME RETCHPZP TSE VPS ON PVEUUYEM PF UFTBIB, DPMZP XFATSYM'ENMA MPLFSNY Y LPMEOSNY, PZMPI PF LBOPOBDSH. po EEE OE KHNEM PFMYUYFSH CHSHCHUFTEMB YI PTKHDYS PF TBTSCHB UOBTSDB, OE KHNEM LBL UMEDHEF RETENPFBFSH RPTFSOLY, OP HCE PFRTBCHIM CH DYCHYYPOOKHA PFLSHUBFNE “DYCHYYPOOKHA ZBJUBCHUBHK.» PKGE, RPDPTCHBCHYEN ZTBOBFPK OENEGLYK RXMENEF. h LFK 'BNEFLE ULCHPYYMY CHPMOOYE Y OBYCHOPUFSH OPCHYYULB, OP 'BNEFLX OBREYUBFBMY HAQIDA CHYDOPN NEUFE RPD 'BZPMChLPN “u ZTBOPFPK X TXLe”.
rTY NBMEKYEK CHNPTSOPUFY, DBCE CH PLPR, UPZOKHCHYUSH CH FTY RPZYVEMY, RYUBM oETsDBOPCH P RPDCHYZBI VPKGPC. URXUFS RPMZPDB EZP PFP'CHBMY CH TEDBLGYA Y RTYUCHPYMY 'CHBOYE RPMYFTHLB. UOPChB OBLPNSCHK Y FBLPK CHPMOHAEIK 'BRBI FYRPZTBZHULPK LTBULY, UOPCHB ZTBOLY, LMYYE, NBLEFSHCH, CHETUFLB, LPTTELFHTB. BY RYUBM CH VMYODBCE RTY UCHEFE KHVPZPZP LBZBOGB, UIDS HAQIDA THMPOE VKHNBZY, LPFPTSCHK 'BNEOSM FBVHTEFLH. ChP CHTENS DPTsDS 'BVYTBMUS Ch LBVYOH TEDBLGYPOOPZP ZTH'PCHYLB. lHUPL LBTFPOB, RPMPTSEOOSCHK HAQIDA YPZHETULKHA VBTBOLKH, UMHTSYM ENKH UFPMYLPN. b LPZDB OHTsOP VSHMP CHSHCHBFSH OBVPTEYLB, oETsDBOPCH UYZOBMYM, Y FPF RTYVEZBM, RTYLTSHCH ZPMPCHH MYUFPN VHNBZY, 'B RETEDPCHPK UFBFSHEK YMY UFIIBNY; OETsDBOPCH REYUBFBM CH ZBJEFE TBEYOIL "CHEDEF TBZPCHPT TBCHEDYUYL EZPT." vShchChBMP, 'BLPUeechiye RBMShGShCh OEDTsBMI LBTBOVDBIB. lPUFET RTYIPDYMPUSH ZBUIFSH DP FPZP, LBL ON KHURECHBM UPZTEFSHUS, PVUPIOKHFSH, DPRYUBFSH NBFETYBM HAQIDA RMBOYEF: LPUFET RPUM DPTDS DSHNYM, B OEVE UFBMSHENPUBLYFLK ".
lBL VSH OETsDBOPCHHOY RTYIPDIMPUSH FHZP, BY OE UBVShChBM P UPCHPEK 'BRYUOPK LEUTZLE. NEYUFBM OBRYUBFSH LPZDB-OYVKhDSH, EUMY PUFBOEFUS CH TSYCHSHCHI, ZHTPOFPCHHA RPCHEUFSH RPD OBCHBOYEN “pZOECHBS FPYULB”.
'B ZPDSH CHPKOSH YOSHE UETSBOFSH UFBMY NBKPTBNY, VECHEUFOSH VPKGSCH LBCHMETBNY PTDEOB UMBCCH CHUEI UFEREOEK, ZETPSNY UPCHEFULPZP UPAB, NBKPTSH ZEOETSBOFSH UBETCHPEDP'P YI 'BNEFPL, PYUETLPCH Y CHUE NEYUFBM OBRYUBFSH P OYI RPDTPVOEE, MHYUYE.”
l 20-MEFYA rPVEDSHCH 1965 ZPDH VSHMP TBUELTEYUEOP Y PVOBTPDPDCHBOP YNS RPMLPCHOILB mSHCHB EZHYNPCHYUB nBOECHYUB, KHNETYEZP 9 NBS 1945 ZPDBYCh. ENH RPUNETFOP RTYUCHPYMY 'CHBOYE ZETPS UPCHEFULPZP UPA'B "'B DPVMEUFSH Y NHTSEUFChP, RPTPSCHMEOOOSHE RTY CHSHRPMOEEY UREGYBMSHOSHI 'BDBOYK UPCHEFULPZPCHPCHPKVE ZHBIYNPN”. TEYUSH IDEF P FBMBOFMYCHPN HYUEOYLE OBUFBCHOILB Y THLPCHPDYFEMS OBYEK CHPEOOOPK TBCHEDLY SOB VETYOB (uFBTYLB).
kuylash CHUFTEFYMYUSH CH 1925 ZPDH CH FYIPN BTVBFULPN RETEKHMLE. OP U FAIRY RPT nBOETCHYU OYUBUFP VSHCHBM CH FPN DPNE. lPNBODITPCHLY X OEZP VSHCHMY DMYFEMSHOSHY DBMSHOYE. th CHUE ZPDSH CH UEKZHE TBCHEDHRTBCHMEOYS ITBOYMUS VYMEF No 123915 YUMEOB tlr(V) U 1918 ZPDB, CHShCHDBOOSCHK ya'ni nBOECHYUH.
rTEDUFBM RETED PYUBNY CHSHCHUPLPZP CHPEOOOPZP OBYUBMSHUFCHB NOE RTEDMPTSYMY OBRYUBFSH LOYZKH P m.e.
VSHM DBMEL PF RTYLMAYUEOOYUEULPZP, DEFELFYCHOPZP TsBOTB bilan. b EUMY RPUME DPMZPZP TBBDKHNSHS CHSMUS 'B BFX FENKH, FP MYYSH RPFPNH, YuFP CH ZPDSH CHPKOSH RPMKHYUM OELPFPTPPE RTEDUFBCHMEOYE P TBVPFE OBEYCHEDCHEKP ChPK. obchshchlpch UETSHEOPK YUUMEDPCHBFEMSHULPK TBVPFSHCH NOS OE VSHMP Y RTETSDE BTIYCHOSHI RPYULPCH OE dan. rPMBZBA, VE ZBEFOPK CHSHKHYULY, RTYPVTEFEOOPK CH LPNUPNPMSHULPK REYUBFY, NOE CHPPVEE OE KHDBMPUSH VSC TEYYFSH FBLHA 'BDBUH.
VKHDHYU NPMPDSHN TSKHTOBMYUFPN, BILAN YYUBUFMYCHHA CHPNPTsOPUFSH HYUIFSHUS CH "lPNUPNPMSHULPK RTBCHDE" X FBLYI PUETLYUFPCH Y X FBLYI NBUFETCH PUFTPPZYPPIETSEB.F SHD, MEPOYD RMBFPCH, UENEO OBTYOSHSOY, ATYK TsKHLPCH, ECHZEOYK LTYZET, UETZEK LTHYYOULYK, Y KH DTKHZYI CH VKHDHEEN YJCHEUFOSCHI RYUBFEMEC .
h FEYUEOYE FTEI MEF TBVPFSH OBD TPNBOPN UPCETYM OENBMP RPE'DPL RP NEUFBN, UCHSBOOSHCHN U TSYOSHA, TBVPFPK ZETPS. xDBMPUSH TBSHCHULBFSH UFBTSCHI UPTBFOYLPCH BOFYZHBUYUFPCH, RTEDBOSCHI DTHJEK nBOECHYUB CH YFBMYY, bCHUFTYY, UEIPUMPCHBLYY, ZHEDETBFYCHOPK TEURHBOSHVMYYLE ZETNBOSHVMYLE,. pDOBLP FPMSHLP BTIYCHOSHE NBFETYBMSH P nBOECHYUE (ufSHEOE) OE RP'CHPMYMY VSH CHPUUP'DBFSH EZP PVTB, EUMY VSH OE RPNPESH CHDPCHSH OBDETSDSCH dNYFTYECHOSHCH, ZBMFSHPSCHUETYN YY OILPMBECHPK, EZP UFBTPZP DTHZB RP ZTBTSDBOULPK ChPKOE sLPChB OYLYFYUB uFBTPUFYOB, ZTKHRRSCH EZP PDOPRPMYUBO RP OETYNPNH ZhTPOFKH. , VSHCHYI KHOYLPCH YFBMSHSOULYI FATEN, B FBLCE LPOGMBZETEK nBHFIBKHJEO, NEMSHL, VEOEE.
CHREYUBFMEOYS Y RETETSYCHBOYS ZHTPOFPCHSHCHI MEF, RPYUETROHFSCHK CH FE ZPDSH PRSHCHF OBYMY PFTBTSEOYE CH TPNBOE "YENMS, DP CHPUFTEVPCBOYS".
TBCHE neftni qayta ishlash zavodi VSCH S TBUULBBFSH P RTPZHEUUYPOBMSHOSHI 'BVPFBI, IMPRPFBI UCHPEZP ZETPS, CHUFTECHPTSEOOOPZP UMBVSHCHN FEIOYUEULYN CHPPTHTSEOYEN lTBUOPK VMBBSHNYSHNYp e Vshchm PBVPYUEO LFYN, B CHUE ZhTPOFPCHSHE ZPDSH OE YOFETEUPCHBMUS OBYYN Y FTPZHEKOSCHN PTHTSYEN?
rPNYNP chPEOOOPK BLBDENY YNEOY ZHTHOYE SWORD nBOECHYU 'BOINBMUS CH chPEOOP-CHPJDKHYOPK BLBDENYY YNEOY tsKHLPCHULZP, CHPDYM UBNPMEFLPSHUNCH, Y FPPFSHUNCH BOE IPD NSCHUMEK Y YUKHCHUFCH nBOECHYUB bFSHEOB, LPZDB PO RPD NBULPK BCHUFTYKULPZP LPNNETUBOFB, ZHBIYUFCHHAEEZP DEMSHGB lPOTBDB letFOETB METSYF YUKHCHUFCH LTSHMPN PZP UBNPMEFB, YUXHTSPN BTPDTPNE HAQIDA, CH YUKhTsPK UFTBOE.
“b EUMY NSCHOE KHUREN HMHYUYYFSH FEIOYUYUULHA IBTBLFETYUFYLH UCHPYI UBNPMEFPCH DP OBYUBMB CHPKOSH?
'OBUIF RTPYZTBFSH FSCHUSYY FSCHUSYU VHDHEYI CHPDHYOSCHI RPEDYOLPCH CH OBDCHYZBAEEKUS CHPKOE. 'OBYUIF OBIY RBTOY CH VHDHEYI CHPDKHYOSCHI VPSI PLBTsKHFUS CH 'BCHEDPNP OEVMBZPRTYSFOSHHI XUMCHYSI. th LFP OBEF, ULPMSHLP NPMPDSCHI TSYJOEK RTYDEFUS OBN HRMBFYFSH 'B UCHPA OEPUCHEDPNMEOOPUFSH Y FEIOYUEUULHA PFUFBMPUFSH.
lFShEO OILPZDB RossiyaBUFChPChBM X ChP'DXUOSCHI VPSI, MYYSH CH LBYUEUFCHE MEFUYILB-OBVMADBFEMS, DKHMY U HUMPCHOSCHN RTPFPYCHOILPN dan YFKHTNBOB. OP ON PFMYUOP OBEF, YuFP FBLPE NBMBS ULPTPUFSH UBNPMEFB. 'OBYuYF, OEMSH'S "DPTSBFSH" CHTBZB, L LPFPTPNKH KhCE HDBMPUSH RTYUFTPYFSHUS CH ICHPUF; CHTBZ PUFBCHYF FEVS CH DHTBLBI Y HKDEF OECHTEDYNSCHN. 'OBYUIF, OEMSH'S UBNPNKH, EUMY FSCH TBUUFTEMSM CHUE VPERTYRBUSCH, YMY RPMKHYUM RPCHTETSDEOYE, YMY CHSHCHRYM RPYUFY CHUA "ZPTYMLKH", KHKFYVEZDEBECCHP, KHKFYVEZDEDBZPON.
NPTsOP OBCHBFSH NPMPDEOSHLPZP, LPTPFLP PUFTYTSEOOPZP RBTOYILH ZPTDSCHN UFBMYOULIN UPLPMPN, OP, EUMY RTYFPN UOBVDYFSH EZP UMBVPUIMSHOSCHN NPFPTOPPN Y FYIPDYFTPBLK, FYIPDYFTPBLK FPZP GSCHRMEOLB, DBCE EUMY PO CH PFChBZE Y NBUFETUFCHE OE KHUFHRYF UBNPNH yuLBMPCHH, vBKDHLPCHH, zTPNPCHH, ANBYECH, yuHIOPCHULPNH Y MY EEE LPNH-OYVKhDSH YI OBIYI BUPC, P LPFPTSCHI yFSHEO CHUEZDB DKHNBM U CHPUIEEOOEN.
lBLPK CE ON UPLPM, EUMY X OEZP IYMSCHE LTSHMSHSY PO RTY CHUEK UCHPEK UNEMPUFY UFTBDBEF UETDEYUOPK OEDPUFBFPYUOPUFSHA, B FP Y RPTPLPN UETDGB?!
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EEE CH ZETNBOYY, LPZDB 'FSHEO 'OBLPNYYMUS U YUETFETSBNY, DPVSHCHFSHNY BOFYZHBIYUFBNY CH LPOUFTHLFPTULPN VATP 'BCHPDB "NEUUETYNYFF", BY KHVETSDBMCHUS, PHVETSDBMCHUSP YUIPD VKHDHEYI CHPDHYOSCHI RPEDYOLPCH.
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UDEMBM YFP VSHMP CH UYMBY. uFBTYLH OE RTYYMPUSH LTBUOEFSH 'B OBU, UCHPYI HYUEOILPC.”
h BTIYCHE ITBOYFUS BFFEUFBGYS s. RPMLPCHOILB ya'ni nBOECHYUB HAQIDA VETUB.
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rPRBCH CH FTSEMSHCHE HUMPCHYS, EUVS ZETPKULY dan, RPLBBBM YULMAYUYFEMSHOKHA CHSHDETSLH Y NHTSEUFCHP. fBL CE NHTSEUFCHEOOP RTDPDPMTSBEF CHEUFY UEVS Y RP UYE CHTENS, PDPMECHBS CHUSLYE FTHDOPUFY Y MYYEOYS.
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Qidiruv natijalarini qisqartirish uchun siz qidiriladigan maydonlarni belgilash orqali so'rovingizni aniqlashtirishingiz mumkin. Maydonlar ro'yxati yuqorida keltirilgan. Masalan:
Siz bir vaqtning o'zida bir nechta maydonlarni qidirishingiz mumkin:
Mantiqiy operatorlar
Standart operator hisoblanadi VA.
Operator VA Hujjat guruhdagi barcha elementlarga mos kelishi kerakligini anglatadi:
tadqiqot ishlab chiqish
Operator YOKI hujjat guruhdagi qiymatlardan biriga mos kelishi kerakligini anglatadi:
o'rganish YOKI rivojlanish
Operator EMAS ushbu elementni o'z ichiga olgan hujjatlar bundan mustasno:
o'rganish EMAS rivojlanish
Qidiruv turi
So'rovni yozishda siz iborani qidirish usulini belgilashingiz mumkin. To'rtta usul qo'llab-quvvatlanadi: morfologiyani hisobga olgan holda qidirish, morfologiyasiz, prefikslarni qidirish, iboralarni qidirish.
Odatiy bo'lib, qidiruv morfologiyani hisobga olgan holda amalga oshiriladi.
Morfologiyasiz qidirish uchun iboradagi so'zlar oldiga "dollar" belgisini qo'yish kifoya:
$ o'rganish $ rivojlanish
Prefiksni qidirish uchun so'rovdan keyin yulduzcha qo'yish kerak:
o'rganish *
So'z birikmasini qidirish uchun so'rovni qo'sh tirnoq ichiga qo'shishingiz kerak:
" tadqiqot va ishlanmalar "
Sinonimlar bo'yicha qidirish
Qidiruv natijalariga so'zning sinonimlarini kiritish uchun siz xeshni qo'yishingiz kerak " #
" so'zdan oldin yoki qavs ichidagi iboradan oldin.
Bitta so'zga qo'llanilganda, uning uchta sinonimi topiladi.
Qavs ichidagi iboraga qo'llanilganda, agar topilsa, har bir so'zga sinonim qo'shiladi.
Morfologiyasiz qidiruv, prefiks qidirish yoki iboralarni qidirish bilan mos kelmaydi.
# o'rganish
Guruhlash
Qidiruv iboralarini guruhlash uchun siz qavslardan foydalanishingiz kerak. Bu so'rovning mantiqiy mantiqini boshqarish imkonini beradi.
Masalan, siz so'rov qilishingiz kerak: muallifi Ivanov yoki Petrov bo'lgan hujjatlarni toping va sarlavhada tadqiqot yoki ishlanma so'zlari mavjud:
Taxminiy so'z qidirish
Taxminiy qidiruv uchun tilda qo'yish kerak " ~ " iboradan so'z oxirida. Masalan:
brom ~
Qidirishda "brom", "rom", "sanoat" kabi so'zlar topiladi.
Siz qo'shimcha ravishda mumkin bo'lgan tahrirlarning maksimal sonini belgilashingiz mumkin: 0, 1 yoki 2. Masalan:
brom ~1
Odatiy bo'lib, 2 ta tahrirga ruxsat beriladi.
Yaqinlik mezoni
Yaqinlik mezoni bo'yicha qidirish uchun tilda qo'yish kerak " ~ " iboraning oxirida. Masalan, tadqiqot va ishlanma so'zlari bo'lgan hujjatlarni 2 so'z ichida topish uchun quyidagi so'rovdan foydalaning:
" tadqiqot ishlab chiqish "~2
Ifodalarning dolzarbligi
Qidiruvda alohida iboralarning ahamiyatini o'zgartirish uchun "belgisidan foydalaning ^
" iboraning oxirida, keyin esa ushbu iboraning boshqalarga nisbatan tegishlilik darajasi.
Daraja qanchalik baland bo'lsa, ibora shunchalik mos keladi.
Masalan, ushbu iborada "tadqiqot" so'zi "rivojlanish" so'zidan to'rt barobar ko'proq ahamiyatga ega:
o'rganish ^4 rivojlanish
Odatiy bo'lib, daraja 1. Yaroqli qiymatlar ijobiy haqiqiy sondir.
Interval ichida qidirish
Maydon qiymati joylashishi kerak bo'lgan intervalni ko'rsatish uchun siz qavslar ichida chegara qiymatlarini operator tomonidan ajratilgan holda ko'rsatishingiz kerak. TO.
Leksikografik saralash amalga oshiriladi.
Bunday so'rov Ivanovdan boshlangan va Petrov bilan yakunlangan muallif bilan natijalarni qaytaradi, ammo Ivanov va Petrov natijaga kiritilmaydi.
Qiymatni diapazonga kiritish uchun kvadrat qavslardan foydalaning. Qiymatni istisno qilish uchun jingalak qavslardan foydalaning.
