The “spice” island, Zanzibar, Ugunja - all this is the same island, the largest in the Zanzibar archipelago, located 40 kilometers from the mainland of Tanzania. The island has been known since the 10th century, when Persians from Shiraz arrived here. In the Middle Ages, Zanzibar was captured by the Arabs, and the Sultan of Oman located his residence here. At this time, the island became a center of the slave trade - slaves were caught in the African jungle. The Arab influence is still noticeable: traditional elements predominate in the architecture, the majority of the population speaks Arabic and professes Islam.
If earlier the island was mainly visited by lovers of tourist romance with tents and backpacks, now there are many hotels for every taste. Small planes will take you here from Dar es Salaam in 15 minutes.
Exotic nature, mild tropical climate, clear waters of the Indian Ocean, snow-white beaches with powder-fine sand and a rich underwater world - all this makes the island of Zanzibar one of the best resorts For beach holiday. From June to October and December-February, when the rainy season ends, thousands of tourists flock to the beaches of Zanzibar. During this period it is not hot here: about 27 degrees Celsius, a light breeze blows from the ocean, and the coral reefs around the archipelago prevent the formation of strong waves. The nature in Zanzibar amazes with its pristine and exotic nature: huge palm trees, lush bushes and grasses, mango alleys.
The best resorts are considered to be on the northern and eastern coasts of the island. Nungwi Beach, surrounded by mango trees, banana and coconut palms, welcomes tourists with the purest turquoise ocean water, perfectly white sand, beautiful coral lagoons and extraordinary seascapes with mountainous patches. Here is a fishing village where wooden boats - called Dhows - are still made by hand and artisans can be seen at work.
On the east coast are the gorgeous diamond beaches of Matemwe - a beautiful stretch of coastline in the old African style; Pongwe, which has retained its rural atmosphere; Chwaka Bay with a fishing village and fish market, as well as the beaches of Kiwengwa, Pwani Mchangani, Bweji, Uroa and Jambiani. And on the western coast of the island, not far from the capital Stone Town, there is a secluded and quiet Mangapwani beach. To the south of the capital are the beaches of Fuji and Chuini, which offer a variety of water sports.
In 1810, cloves were brought to Zanzibar on one of the Indonesian ships, and in the middle of the 19th century, the island already ranks first in the supply of cloves and clove oil. And today there are many plantations not only of cloves, but also of cinnamon, nutmeg and other spices. It is not for nothing that excursions into the world of spices, the so-called “Spice tours”, are so popular, during which you can not only see how seasonings, cocoa, tropical fruits are grown and collected, healing herbs, but also taste them, climb palm trees for coconuts, learn how to cut cinnamon.
Another attraction of the island is the Jozani Forest conservation area, where vegetation and animal world preserved in their original form. This forest contains many unique flora and fauna. As you travel through the Jozani Forest, you will see velvet cats, red colobus monkeys, several species of dwarf shrubs and trees, marsh grasses and mangroves. The Jozani Forest is divided into three zones - a tropical forest with amazing rare trees, a bush part - the only habitat in the world for red colobus monkeys, and mangroves, where, walking along special wooden bridges, you can see giant ferns and amazing vines and watch the aquatic inhabitants of the forest .
It is also recommended to visit Menai Bay, where they swim to lay eggs. sea turtles. And giant land tortoises brought from the Seychelles live on the island of Prizon, located near Zanzibar. It is also called a prison island: the Arabs once kept slaves here, and later the island was purchased to build a prison. People come here not only to get a closer look at the giant turtles, but also to enjoy the most beautiful landscapes and charming beaches, beautiful views of Stone Town (especially at night), as well as the beauty underwater world- Scuba diving and snorkeling are popular on the island.
Boat trips in Zanzibar can be an unforgettable adventure. At your service are hand-made traditional wooden boats with sails, although equipped with modern engines. During a boat trip near the protected Menai Bay, you will see the most beautiful landscapes and coral reefs, and you will also have the opportunity to swim with dolphins.
Tourists go deep-sea fishing in special canoes. The fishing season lasts from September to March, when marlin, bonito, barracuda, different types sharks, large pelagic fish and many others. From August to November, you can enjoy sport fishing for big yellow tuna, blue, striped or black marlin and sailfish.
The unique safari blue on sandbanks and a tropical island, combined with rock climbing among coral reefs, also attracts tourists.
Located near Zanzibar Marine Park, including the islands of Mbudya, Bongoyo, Fungu Yasini and Pangavini. Here among the coral reefs live reef snapper, butterfly fish, sea urchins, coral shrimp, cowrie tiger snails, octopus, turtles and crabs.
And, of course, the island of Zanzibar - the best place in the world for diving and rock climbing. The Pange Reef on the sandy western coast of Zanzibar is most suitable for learning to dive: it is shallow here, the maximum depth is 14 meters, and you can completely immerse yourself (both literally and figuratively) in the most beautiful underwater world - see bright colorful corals, a variety of tropical fish, including clownfish and parrotfish. And at night - the charm of ocean waters, in which you will meet squid, crab, stingray and other nocturnal inhabitants.
A variety of schools for beginners awaits you in Wattabomi - pure water, diving depth from 20 to 40 meters, an amazing vertical wall of corals and fish, where different types of stingrays and coral sharks are found.
It takes about 40 minutes to get to Boribi Reef by boat, but the journey is worth it: beautiful mountains and column-shaped corals will open before your eyes, white sharks and lobsters will swim by.
When diving into the waters off the island of Zanzibar, you can also see sunken ships. Great Northern, which sank to the bottom in 1897, lies at a depth of 12 meters. It became the habitat of many clown fish. The British ship, which sank in 1902, has become an artificial reef, and its algae are home to moray eels, lion fish and others.
Zanzibar has preserved many historical and cultural attractions, the main of which, of course, are in the capital of the archipelago - Stone Town. Not all buildings on the island have survived to this day, but it is also interesting to see numerous ruins - Kidichi, where the remains of the Persian baths are preserved, the Observation Tower in Chuini, the remains of the village residence of Sultan Said in Kizimbani, the palace complex in Marukhubi, as well as the ruins of Mtoni, Dunga , and Bungie.
It is interesting to visit the Coral Cave and the complex of slave caves in the city of Mangapwani.
Having visited Zanzibar, you should definitely get acquainted with the original Swahili culture by going on an excursion to one of the local villages or towns. For example, in Fuoni you can learn about the peculiarities of life of the local population, learn to play national drums, and also take part in preparing traditional dishes from bananas, cassava, and coconut. In the fishing village of Kizimkazi, you will not only be treated to seafood, fruits and root vegetables, but will also be shown the sights of the 12th century - a mosque built by the Persians, long graves and palace ruins.
Traveling to Zanzibar is a unique opportunity to relax on best beaches, get acquainted with the diversity of tropical nature and the underwater world, join the rich cultural heritage Swahili and feel what it means to be a real paradise on earth.
The history of Nizhny Novgorod land goes back to hoary antiquity. Archaeological excavations have shown that tribes of the Balakhna Neolithic culture lived on the territory of our region in the 3rd – 2nd millennium BC. It got its name from the most typical site excavated near modern city Balakhna.
The Balakhna people were hunters and fishermen. Judging by the tools found, they knew how to grind, polish, chisel and saw stone, and make pottery. They knew weaving from plant fibers. In the second half of the 2nd millennium BC, they learned to smelt metal, knew hoe farming, and were engaged in animal husbandry.
A few kilometers southeast of Seima station, archaeologists discovered the Seima burial ground, which dates back to the 15th - 12th centuries BC. Fragments of vessels, bronze cast chisel-shaped socketed axes, large spearheads, knives, and daggers were found here. Along with bronze tools, flint ones were also discovered: arrowheads, saws, and fragments of drilled tools. In addition, there were unexpected finds - objects made of jade, an amber bead, although there are no deposits of jade and amber in the region. The finds of this site indicate extensive connections between ancient people from the northern seas to Central Asia
and Baikal. The most valuable materials were included in the exhibition of the State Historical Museum in Moscow.
Excavations of other sites and burial grounds tell about the life and occupations of people of the Bronze and Iron Ages: Churkinsky burial ground (area of the city of Balakhna), Sergachsky burial ground, discovered in Kozhina Sloboda (1st - 3rd centuries AD), Gaginsky and Khirinsky - near the city Arzamas (mid-1st millennium AD), Bogorodskoye, Rusinikhinskoye, Odoevskoye, Devil's settlements on Vetluga.
In the 1st millennium AD, Mordovian tribes lived along the Tesha, Piana, Alatyr, Kudma, and Oka rivers. In Povetluzhie - Mari. A small territory along the Oka before its confluence with the Volga was occupied by the Muroma. In the 12th century, the first Slavic settlements appeared at the mouth of the Oka. Farmers from the southwest, from the principalities Kievan Rus
at the time of its collapse, and from the north-west, from the Vladimir-Suzdal land, they infiltrated into free, sparsely populated lands and settled in families and groups along the banks of the Oka and Volga. The Slavs settled among the indigenous inhabitants, developing, first of all, the lands of today's Gorodetsky, Balakhninsky, and Borsky districts.
Svetlana Gukova
Quiz “Secrets of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin” * How many towers are there in? Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin
(Thirteen.) *What is the main tower? Kremlin
(Dmitrievskaya.) *Which tower was recently restored?
(Zachatievskaya.) * On which tower is the icon of St. George located?
(On Dmitrievskaya.) * Why does this icon have special significance for Nizhny Novgorod? Grand Duke Yuri Vsevolodovich.)
* In which tower are the exhibitions organized? (In Dmitrievskaya.)
* Which towers are square? (Dmitrievskaya, Nikolskaya, Ivanovskaya, Georgievskaya, Zachatievskaya.)
* What round towers do you know? (Pantry, Rocker, Taynitskaya, Northern, Belaya, Borisoglebskaya, Porokhovaya.)
*Which tower is the oldest? ( Ivanovskaya: this is where construction began *What is the main tower.)
* Associated with the name of which tower secret? What is this secret? (WITH Taynitskaya: this tower had secret exit to the river.)
* Why is one of the towers given the name North? (it is located north of Taynitskaya Tower.)
*Which tower was the clock installed on? (On the Sentry.)
* Where did the name Pantry Tower come from? (The tower was used to store ammunition, weapons, tools, documents, etc., hence its name.)
* Why is the tower called White? (By the color of its lower tier.)
* Where does the name Nikolskaya Tower come from? (From St. Nicholas Church, which stood opposite it.)
* What are the names of the Borisoglebskaya and St. George towers associated with? (One is named after the Church of Saints Boris and Gleb, the other - after the Church of Saint George on the Escarpment.)
* Which tower stands the monument to Chkalov? (At Georgievskaya.)
* How did the name Powder Tower come about? (It contained two powder magazines.)
Children receive chips for correct answers. The winner receives a medal "Connoisseur Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin» .
Publications on the topic:
Notes on drawing for the senior group “Spasskaya Tower of the Kremlin” Drawing on the theme: “Spasskaya Tower of the Kremlin.” Prepared by: teacher of MBDOU No. 30 in Maykop, Dubova Valentina Alekseevna. Goals: to teach.
As part of the work on patriotic education I decided to make a model of the Kremlin, and make it so that children could have as much as possible.
Project “History, sights, symbols of the Nizhny Novgorod region” Project “Nizhny Novgorod region. Symbolism. Attractions"
Abstract of a comprehensive joint educational activities for children preparatory group on the topic: “Construction from building materials.
Program objectives: - continue to introduce children to their native land; consolidate the concepts: the Kremlin, Spasskaya Tower, chimes. - consolidate the skill.
More and more attention began to be paid to the patriotic education of children. Cultivating patriotism is not a simple and continuous process, it’s a lot.
Summary of the local history lesson “Little guides about the history of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin” Little guides talk about the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Progress of the event: Preliminary work: individual conversations with parents.
Story Nizhny Novgorod region from ancient times to the end of the 15th century - 6th grade
Textbook: F.A. Seleznev - N. Novgorod NIRO -2016
Generalization test for Chapter 1 “Ancient inhabitants of the Nizhny Novgorod region”
1 . How many years ago did sudden global warming occur?
A) 10-15 thousand years ago
B) 5-7 thousand years ago
B) 2 thousand years ago
2. Scientists divide human history into:
A) Golden, ruby, platinum centuries
B) Stone, Bronze, Iron Ages
B) Wooden, tin, brass centuries
3. Archaeological sites include:
A) sites, burial grounds, fortifications
B) Elks, wild boars, mammoths
B) Dugouts, huts, tents
4. A group of monuments of the same time and type is united by the concept:
A) Ancient culture
B) Modern culture
B) Archaeological culture
5 . Match:
Name of culture | Where are archaeological sources found? |
1. Balakhna culture – Neolithic (4-3 thousand BC) | 1. From the upper Volga region to the river. Oki s. Dyakonovo |
2. Volosovo culture Eneolithic (3-2 thousand BC) | 2. p. Sakony, Ardatovsky district and Arzamas, Balakhna |
3. Seima-Turbino culture, Bronze Age (16th century BC) | 3. From the upper reaches of the Volga to the Oka and Kama rivers; village of Churkino, Balakhninsky district; Fatyanovo, Yaroslavl province |
4. Fatyanovo culture – Bronze Age (2 thousand BC) | 4. p. Pozdnyakovo Navashinsky district |
5. Pozdnyakovskaya culture – Bronze Age (2 thousand BC) | 5. Siberia, Ural, p. Turbino near Perm |
6. Dyakonovskaya culture - Iron Age (1st millennium BC - first half of the 1st millennium AD) | 6. Navashinsky district, Nizhny Novgorod region. village Volosovo |
6. In the 1st millennium AD. on the territory of the modern Nizhny Novgorod region lived representatives4 Finno-Ugric peoples: Muroma, Merya, and..., and....., (add)
7. The Russian prince liberated the peoples of the Volga region from the heavy Khazar yoke....(who?)
A) Oleg
B) Svyatoslav
B) Yaroslav the Wise
8. There is one in the row superfluous word. Which? What does this series have in common?
Vein, necklace, belt, temple rings, ring-shaped rings.
9. Fill in the missing letters correctly in the words:
1) Volga Bulgaria;
2) Pagan;
3) Kh-zarsky K-ganat;
1 option
1.What year was it founded? Nizhny Novgorod?
A) 1221; b) 1500; c) 1508; d)1227
2.The name of which prince is associated with the founding of Nizhny Novgorod?
A) Ivan 3 b) Yuri Vsevolodovich c) Dmitry Konstantinovich d) Vasily 3 3. How many round towers were there in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin?
A) 14 b) 11 c) 8 d) 5
4. On which tower was the observation post and command of the Kremlin defense located?
A) Tainitskaya b) Pantry c) Koromyslov d) Sentinel
5.Science. dealing with the study of geographical names is...
A) geography b) morphology c) toponymy d) heraldry
6.Name the Great Nizhny Novgorod residents known to you. Tell us about one of them.
7. In what year was the fair moved from Makaryev to Nizhny Novgorod?
A) 1805; b) 1817; c) 1822; d) 1807
8.Which country brought the most goods to the Nizhny Novgorod Fair?
A) Persia b) China c) India d) England
9.Name the second city by population in the region:
A) Arzamas b) Bor c) Dzerzhinsk d) Kstovo
10.Name the city in the region - the center of “Golden Khokhloma”
A) Gorodets b) Vetluga c) Semenov d) Bor
11.What peoples live in the neighborhood of the Nizhny Novgorod region?
12.What animal is depicted on the coat of arms of the Nizhny Novgorod region?
A) elk; b) deer c) bear d) lion
13.Which city became the center of the 2nd militia during the Time of Troubles?
A) Ryazan b) Nizhny Novgorod c) Kostroma d) Yaroslavl
14. By whose decree was the Nizhny Novgorod province formed?
A) Peter 1 b) Catherine 2 c) Peter 2 d) Anna Ioannovna
Historical local history. Test at the end of the year. 7th grade.
Option 2.
1. In what year was the most ancient city Nizhny Novgorod region? What is it called?
does it happen? _____________________
A) 1152, b) 1052, c) 1221, d) 1021
2. The name of which prince is associated with the beginning of the construction of the stone Nizhny Novgorod
Kremlin?
A) Ivan 3 b) Yuri Vsevolodovich c) Dmitry Konstantinovich d) Vasily 3
3. How many square towers were there in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin? A) 13 b) 11 c) 8 d) 5
4. How many towers have survived to this day?
A) 13 b) 11 c) 8 d) 5
5.The name of which tower has a legendary origin?
A) Tainitskaya b) Pantry c) Koromyslova d) Hourly
6. Hydronym is the name of a geographical object ______________________
A) originating from the names of peoples and tribes;
B) owned locality;
B) belonging to a river, lake, swamp or other water source;
D) associated with the name of the relief elements of a given area
7. Name the names of the Great Nizhny Novgorod residents. Tell us about any of them.
8. Who was the main architect of the Nizhny Novgorod fair?
A) P. Fryazin b) A. Betancourt c) D. Kennan9. The fair had a _______________ character:
A) provincial b) All-Russian c) international d) European
10. The bus production plant is located in:
A) Dzerzhinsk b) Pavlovo c) Trans-Volga region d) Balakhna
11.Center of chemistry in the region:
A) Pavlovo b) Vyksa c) Arzamas d) Dzerzhinsk
12.The icon that became a symbol of the salvation of Rus' from enemies in the Time of Troubles6
A) Kazan Icon of the Mother of God; b) Vladimir icon Mother of God;
B) Smolensk icon mother of god; d) Pochaev Icon of the Mother of God
13. Sarov is a large _________________
A) tourist centre; b) sea port; in the mall; d) nuclear center
research and military industry 14. Which village in the Nizhny Novgorod region was visited by A.S. Pushkin more than once?
Keys to the test in historical local history.
Option 1 Option 2
1. A 1. a. Gorodets
2. B 2. A
3. B 3. D
4. A 4. B
5.V 5.V
6. Vel. Nizhny Novgorod residents 6. V
7. B 7. great people of Nizhny Novgorod
8. B 8. B
9.B 9.B
10.B 10.B
11. Tatars, Mordovians, Chuvash, Mari 11.G
12.B 12.A
13.B 13.G
14. A 14. B. Boldino
