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Kpss definition. The CPSU is a monument to communism that has gone down in history.

] Edited by Em. Yaroslavsky.
(Moscow: Party Publishing House (Partizdat), 1933. - Marx-Engels-Lenin Institute under the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (b). Minutes of congresses and conferences of the All-Union Communist Party (b). Workers of all countries, unite!)
Scan, OCR, processing, Djv, Pdf format: Sergey Mineev, 2019

CONTENT:
From the editor (3).
PROTOCOLS OF THE CONGRESS
From the editorial committee (5).
FIRST MEETING (evening of March 18) (7-34).
Lenin's opening of the congress - Lenin's speech (7-9); elections of the presidium (9-10); secretariat (10); Credentials Commission (YU); audit commission (10-11) and editorial commission (11); adoption of regulations (11); discussion of the order of the day of the congress (11-12); Kamenev's speech on the anniversary of the Paris Commune (12-13); greeting to the Red Army (13); Radek's greeting (13); election of honorary members of the presidium (14); discussion of the first item on the order of the day - report of the Central Committee - report of Lenin (14-28); debate on the report of the Central Committee - speeches by Alexandrov (28); Osinsky (29-31); Vareikis (31); Lomova (31-32); Krylova (32); discussion of the resolution on the Central Committee report (33-34); adoption of resolution (34); making a decision to organize three sections at the congress (34).
SECOND MEETING (morning of March 19) (35-76).
Lozovsky's welcoming speech on behalf of the Social Democratic Internationalists (35-36); discussion of the second item on the order of the day - the party program (36-76); Bukharin's report (36-49); Lenin's report (50-66); acceptance of the “Address” (67); debate on program reports (67-76); Podbelsky's speech (67-69); Lomova (69-70); Ryazanov (70-03); Krasikova (73-74); Krylenko (74-76).
MEETING THREE (evening of March 19) (77-118).
Albert's welcoming speech on behalf of the foreign delegates of the First Congress of the Comintern (77); continuation of debate on the program (77-118); Yurenev's speech (77-79); Pyatakov (79-83); Tomsky (83-86); Sunitsa (86-89); Herman (89-91); Osinsky (91-96); Rykova (96-100); final, Lenin's word (101-109); Bukharin (109-116); adoption of a resolution on the draft program (116-117); elections of the program commission (117-118).
SESSION FOUR (morning of March 20) (119-161).
Discussion of the third item of the order of the day - attitude towards the Communist International (119-145); Zinoviev's report (119-141); debate on the issue of the Comintern (141-145); Torchinsky's speech (141-142); Milutina (143); final words of Zinoviev (143-145); adoption of resolution (145); discussion of point 4 of the order of the day - martial law (145-160); Sokolnikov's report (146-155); co-report by V. Smirnov (155-160); Sapronov's proposal (161).
FIRST MEETING OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL SECTION (evening of March 20) (162-188).
Zinoviev's report (162-164); co-report by Osinsky (165-169); Nogin's speeches (169-171); Sapronova (171-173); Sosnovsky (173-176); Skrypnik (176-177); Avanesova (177-179); Kaganovich (179-181); Muranova (181); Ignatiev (182-183); Osinsky's final words (184-185); Zinoviev (185-187); adoption of resolution (187); commission elections (188).
SECOND MEETING OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL SECTION (morning of March 21) (89-227).
Osinsky's report (189-199); Ignatov's speeches (199-201); Antonov (201-203); Sapronova (903-203); Volina (205-207); Avanesova (207-211); Minkova (211-213); Mgeladze (213-215); Kaganovich (215-217); Latsis (217-218); Osinsky's final words (218-220); Zinoviev (220-226); adoption of resolution (227).
FIRST MEETING OF THE AGRARIAN SECTION (evening of March 20) (228-250).
Kuraev's report on land policy (228-243); debate on the issue of land policy - speeches by Gorshkov (243-244); Lishaeva (244-245); Milyutin (245-248); Pakhomov (248-249).
SECOND MEETING OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTION (morning of March 21) (251-259).
Opening a private meeting (251); Kostelovskaya's report on work in the village (251-255); opening of the meeting of the agricultural section (256); debate on Kuraev's report on land policy - Ivanov's speeches (256-257); Polyanina (257-258); Milyukova (258-259).
THIRD MEETING OF THE AGRARIAN SECTION (evening of March 22) (260-272).
Continuation of the debate on reports on land policy and work in the countryside (260-272); speech by the chairman (Lunacharsky) with a proposal on the procedure for further work (260); speeches by Kuraev (260) Philip (261); Milyutin (261-262); Sudika (263); Pavlova (263); Panfilova (263-264); Savelyeva (264); Kvasnikova (264-265); Pakhomova (265); Ivanova (265-266); Sergusheva (266); Mitrofanova (266-270); Lunacharsky (270); Ivanova (270-271); Milutina (271); Lunacharsky (271); Mitrofanova (271); Nemtseva (271); Minina (272); Palitkova (272); commission elections (272); closing section (272). Report from the editorial commission on the minutes of the meeting of the military section and the closed plenary meeting of the congress (272).
SESSION SIX (morning of March 22) (273-301).
Election of a commission to develop a resolution on a military issue (273); report of the credentials commission - report of Stasova (273-274); debate on the report - speeches by Minkov (274); Vetoshkina (275); final words (276); approval of the report of the Credentials Committee (277); discussion of organizational issues (277-301); Zinoviev's report (277-294); additional reports: Sosnovsky - on the press (94-295); Kollontai - about work among women (295-300); Shatskina - about work among young people (300-301).
SESSION SEVEN (evening of March 22) (302-336).
Continuing discussion of the organizational issue (302-324); co-report by Osinsky (302-313); singing on the organizational issue - Sapronov’s speeches (313-315); Lunacharsky (316-318); Osinsky's closing remarks (318-321); Zinoviev’s announcement of a radio telegram about the proclamation of a Soviet Republic in Hungary (321); Rudnyansky's speech (321-322); instructions to Lenin to send a greeting by radio to the government of Soviet Hungary (322); continuation of the discussion of the organizational issue - Zinoviev’s final word (322-324); adoption of a core resolution and three additional resolutions (324); report of the audit commission (325); approval of the report (323); discussion of the report of the program commission (326-335); Kamenev's report (326-335); announcement by the chairman of additional information about the events in Budapest (333); continuation of the discussion of the report of the program commission - Pyatakov’s speech announcing the amendment (335-336); voting (336); adoption of the party program (336).
SESSION EIGHT (evening of March 23) (337-364).
Discussion of the report of the commission on the issue of military policy (337-338); Yaroslavsky's report (337-338); adoption of resolution (338); discussion of the issue of the procedure for elections of the Central Committee (338-339); discussion of the report on work in the village (339-361); Lenin's report (339-353); speeches by Lunacharsky (353); Pakhomov (353-356; Lenin (357); Lunacharsky (357); extraordinary statement by Sadoul with respect to the memory of the executed Jeanne Labourbe (357-358); continuation of the debate on work in the village - Panfilov’s speech (358-361); adoption of a resolution (361 ); elections of the Central Committee (361); Lenin’s speech at the closing of the congress (361-364); closing of the congress (364).
CONGRESS MATERIALS (365-429).
I. Resolutions and resolutions (365-425).
1. According to the report of the Central Committee (365).
2. About the draft program (365).
3. Program of the RCP (b) (379).
4. About the Communist International (401).
5. On a military issue. (401-411).
A. General provisions (401).
B. Practical measures (410).
6. On the organizational issue (411-417).
A. Party building (411-415).
1. Party growth (411).
2. Connection with the masses (412).
3. Central Committee and local organizations (412).
4. Internal structure Central Committee (413).
5. National organizations (413).
6. Existence of special organizations (414).
7. Centralism and discipline (414).
8. Distribution of party forces (414).
9. Training of party workers (414).
10. “News of the Central Committee” (414).
11. Party charter (415).
B. Soviet construction (415-416).
1. Composition of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (415).
2. Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (415).
3. Councils and executive committees (415).
4. Involvement of all workers in the councils (415).
5. Socialist control (415).
B. The relationship between the party and the councils (416-417).
7. On the attitude towards the middle peasantry (417).
8. About political propaganda and cultural and educational work in the village (420).
9. About work among the female proletariat (423).
10. About work among young people (423).
11. About the party and Soviet press (424).
12. About the Central Committee (425).
13. About the audit commission (425).
II. Greetings of the VIII Congress of the RCP(b) (426-427).
1. To the Communist International (426).
2. Red Army (426).
3. To the Government of the Hungarian Soviet Republic (426).
4. To Comrade Lorio (426).
5. To Comrade Radek (427).
III. Address of the VIII Congress of the RCP(b) to party organizations (428).
IV. Rules of the Congress (429).
APPLICATIONS (430-471).
I. Reports of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) (430-447).
A. Organizational report of the Central Committee (430-445).
1. Organizational work (430).
2. Activities of the secretariat (430-433).
a) Reports, reports, correspondence (430).
b) Reception of delegates (432).
c) Questionnaires (433).
3. Publishing activities (433).
4. Report of the Central Bureau of Muslim Organizations of the RCP (Bolsheviks) (433).
5. Report on the activities of the Federation of Foreign Groups (434-439).
a) General report (434).
b) Report of the German Group (436).
c) Report of the Hungarian Group (437).
d) Report of the Central Committee of the Czech-Slovak Group (438).
e) Yuzhno Report Slavic group (438).
6. Communication with organizations (439).
B. Cash report of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) (448-449).
II. Appeal from the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) (448).
III. Composition of the congress, its sections and commissions (449-465).
1. Voting delegates (449).
2. Delegates with advisory vote (459).
3. Organizational section (463).
4. Military section (464).
5. Agrarian section (464).
6. Presidium (465).
7. Secretariat (465).
8. Program Commission (465).
9. Organizing commission (465).
10. Military commission (465).
11. Agrarian Commission (465).
12. Audit Commission (465).
13. Credentials Commission (465).
14. Editorial committee (465).
IV. Questionnaire about the personnel of the congress (466-470).
V. Factual amendment (471).
NOTES (472-517).
INDEXES (519-557).
Dictionary-index of names (519).
Subject index (548).
ILLUSTRATION
Book cover: “VIII Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)” - 1919 (3).

From the editor: The Eighth Party Congress has an outstanding place in the history of our party. At this congress, the party program that is still in effect was adopted. Associated with this congress is a resolution on a strong alliance with the middle peasantry and other decisions of world-historical significance...

The Union of Communist Parties - CPSU (UKP-CPSU) is a voluntary international public association of communist parties operating in the states formed on the territory of the USSR. Its main goals are the protection of the rights and social gains of workers, the preservation and restoration of the lost foundations of socialism, the revival of comprehensive ties and friendship of the Soviet peoples and the restoration of their state union on a voluntary basis.

After the unconstitutional ban on the activities of the Communist Party Soviet Union in August 1991, the communists fought for its restoration throughout the Soviet Union. In June 1992, an initiative group of members of the CPSU Central Committee held a Plenum at which M. Gorbachev was expelled from the party, the activities of the Politburo of the Central Committee were suspended and a decision was made to convene an All-Union Party Conference. On October 10, 1992, the XX All-Union Conference of the CPSU was held in Moscow, which confirmed the decisions of the emergency Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee, considered the drafts of the new Program and Charter of the CPSU and decided to prepare the XXIX Congress of the CPSU.

Almost simultaneously with these events, the Constitutional Court Russian Federation considered the petition 37 people's deputies RSFSR on checking the constitutionality of the decrees of President Boris Yeltsin, who dissolved the CPSU and the Communist Party of the RSFSR. The court found the suspension of the activities of the Communist Party of the RSFSR and its primary organizations formed on a territorial principle inconsistent with the Constitution of Russia, but upheld the dissolution of the governing structures of the CPSU and the Communist Party of the RSFSR. Orders on the transfer of property of the CPSU to bodies executive power were recognized as legal only in relation to that part of the property managed by the party that was state property, and unconstitutional in relation to that part of it that was either the property of the CPSU or was under its jurisdiction.

On March 26 - 27, 1993, the XXIX Congress of the CPSU took place in Moscow. 416 delegates from party organizations of Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Estonia, Transnistria and South Ossetia took part in its work. Based on the real conditions of activity of communist parties in the republics former USSR, the congress temporarily, until the re-establishment of the renewed USSR, reorganized the CPSU into the Union of Communist Parties - the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (UKP-CPSU), adopted its Program and Charter, and elected a Council headed by Oleg Semenovich Shenin (1937 -2009). The congress proclaimed the UPC - the CPSU - the legal successor of the CPSU, and the communist parties operating on the territory of the USSR - the legal successors of the republican organizations of the CPSU.

In 1993 - 1995 communist parties were restored in all former republics of the USSR, except Turkmenistan. In a number of republics, unfortunately, several communist parties and movements arose from the membership base of the CPSU. Thus, by July 1995, 26 communist parties and organizations operated in the post-Soviet space. 22 of them, uniting 1 million 300 thousand communists, became part of the Union of Communist Parties - CPSU. Among them are the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the Russian Communist Workers' Party, the Communist Party of the Republic of Tatarstan, the Communist Party of Ukraine, the Union of Communists of Ukraine, the Movement for Democracy, Social Progress and Justice of Belarus, the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova, the Communist Party of Workers of Transnistria, the Communist Party of South Ossetia, United Communist Party of Georgia, Communist Party of Abkhazia, Communist Party of Azerbaijan, Union of Workers of Armenia, Communist Party of Kazakhstan, Communist Party of Tajikistan, Communist Party of Uzbekistan, Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan, Communist Party of Estonia, Union of Communists of Latvia, Communist Party of Lithuania.

On July 1 - 2, 1995, the XXX Congress of the UPC-CPSU took place in Moscow. 462 delegates from all communist parties and organizations that are part of the UPC - CPSU took part in its work. The Congress heard the Political Report of the Council and the Control and Audit Commission of the UPC-CPSU, adopted a new edition of the Program, changes and additions to the Charter of the UPC-CPSU, approved the Regulations on the Control and Audit Commission, and elected a new composition of the Council and the CRC of the UPC-CPSU.

The Supreme Forum of Soviet Communists confirmed the status of the UPC - CPSU as a voluntary international association of communist parties operating in states throughout the Soviet Union and adhering to common program and statutory principles. He set the task of launching a mass movement among broad sections of the people for the restoration of the Union Socialist State, providing the necessary assistance to the activities of the Committee of Peoples of the USSR, and conducting an offensive struggle against manifestations of aggressive nationalism and chauvinism.

In the period between the XXIX and XXXI congresses of the UPC-CPSU, the Communist Party of Tatarstan determined its status as a regional branch of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. Instead of the “Movement for Democracy, Social Progress and Justice in Belarus,” the Communist Party of Belarus became part of the SKP-CPSU. The Communist Party of Armenia and another Communist Party working in special conditions. On the eve of the XXXI Congress, the UPC-CPSU included 19 communist parties with voting rights, one party (Russian Party of Communists) and two movements (Union of Communists of Ukraine and the Union of Workers of Armenia) with advisory voting rights.

The XXXI Congress of the SKP-CPSU was held in Moscow on October 31 - November 1, 1998. 482 delegates from 20 republican parties and 2 public associations, operating in all states on the territory of the USSR. For the first time, the Union of Communist Parties held a congress as a public organization officially registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Belarus. The congress considered the following agenda:

1) Political report of the Council of the UPC-CPSU. 2) Report of the Control and Audit Commission of the SKP-CPSU. 3) Elections of the Council and the Control and Audit Commission of the SKP-CPSU.

On the issues discussed, the congress adopted a number of resolutions and resolutions. The delegates approved a new edition of the Charter of the UPC-CPSU, adopted a Political Statement, resolutions in defense of the memory of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, against the political persecution of communists and labor movement activists, and against the aggressive plans of NATO.

The first joint Plenum of the Council and the KRC of the UPC-CPSU again elected O.S. as Chairman of the Council of the UPC-CPSU. Shenin, Deputy Chairman - Secretaries of the Council of the UPC-CPSU A.M. Bagemsky, P.I. Georgadze, E.I. Kopysheva, E.K. Ligacheva, I.V. Lopatina, K.A. Nikolaeva, A.G. Chekhoeva, A.A. Shabanova, Sh.D. Shabdolova.

However, by 2000, the coordinating role of the governing bodies of the UPC - CPSU was seriously weakened, and the principle of collective leadership was constantly violated. Moreover, in July 2000, the Chairman of the Council and his three deputies, without a decision of the Council of the UPC - CPSU, held the so-called “founding congress of the Union Communist Party of Russia and Belarus” (CPS). The Communist parties of the Russian Federation and Belarus did not send delegates to this event. In fact, the creation of another Communist Party on Russian territory was proclaimed. Sectarian separation from the masses, passion for ultra-left phrases with insignificant results of practical activity and many other political mistakes did not allow the group of former leaders of the UPC-CPSU to submit to the will of the majority. It became clear that their real goal was a direct attack on the Communist Party of the Russian Federation as the center of gravity of communist forces on the territory of the destroyed Soviet Union, recognized by all fraternal parties.

On January 20, 2001, at the request of the majority of communist parties, which unite in their ranks more than 90 percent of the communists of the Union, meetings of the Executive Committee and Plenum of the Council of the UPC - CPSU were held in full accordance with the Charter. The Plenum of the Council stated that the creation of the “Union Communist Party” outside the framework of the UPC - CPSU and without the participation of the Communist Parties of Russia and Belarus will inevitably lead to a split in the unified communist movement in the post-Soviet space. The former Chairman of the Council of the UPC-CPSU, in essence, placed himself outside the Union.

The Plenum unanimously elected the leader of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Gennady Andreevich Zyuganov as Chairman of the Council of the UPC-CPSU, thereby writing a bright page in the history of the Union and taking all its activities to a qualitatively new level. The January (2001) Plenum of the Council of the UPC-CPSU averted the threat of destruction of the Union of Communist Parties by adopting the Resolution “On strengthening the Union of Communist Parties - CPSU and increasing the efficiency of its leadership.”

The next, XXXII Congress of the UPC-CPSU took place on October 27, 2001 in Moscow. The congress was attended by 243 delegates from the Communist Party of Azerbaijan, the Communist Party of Armenia, the Communist Party of Belarus, the United Communist Party of Georgia, the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, the Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan, the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the Communist Party of Ukraine, the Communist Party of the Republic of South Ossetia and four communist parties working in special conditions.

The Congress heard the political report of the Council and the report of the Control and Audit Commission of the UPC-CPSU, information on changes in the Charter of the organization, adopted a Resolution on the political report, an Appeal to the fraternal peoples, resolutions “On modern stage globalization" and "On the threat of world war". The governing bodies of the UPC-CPSU were elected. The Organizational Plenum of the Council of the UPC-CPSU confirmed the powers of G.A. Zyuganov as Chairman of the Council of the UPC-CPSU and G.G. Ponomarenko (KPU) - as Chairman of the KRC.

Long overdue changes in the leadership core of the Council of the UPC-CPSU have had a positive impact on the style and methods of its work. In the period between the XXXII and XXXIII Congresses, meetings of the Secretariat, the Executive Committee and the Plenums of the Council became regular, and a number of major international events- I and II congresses of the peoples of the Union State of Belarus and Russia, congresses of the peoples of the Caucasus and the Central Asian region, round table “The struggle of fraternal peoples for the restoration of the Union State is the path to the revival of the country, repelling external threats, and improving the well-being of people.”

Due attention began to be paid to the education of the Komsomol shift. After the disaster of 1991, the Komsomol was dissolved by cunning chameleon functionaries, who quickly repainted themselves in the colors of their new owners. But already from the beginning of 1992, the process of reunification of Komsomol organizations began to gain momentum, ending with the XXIII (restoration) Congress of the All-Union Leninist Komsomol. However, for a number of reasons, the organization was unable to adapt to new conditions and unite the communist youth of the former Soviet republics. The formation of a new form of association required several years, which led to the holding of the XXV Komsomol Congress in Kyiv in April 2001. The congress transformed the Komsomol into the International Union of Komsomol Organizations - the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League. The ISCUM-VLKSM includes the Komsomol of the Russian Federation, the Komsomol of Ukraine, the Belarusian Republican Youth Union, the Komsomol of Moldova, the Komsomol of Georgia, the Communist Youth Organization of Armenia, the Komsomol of Azerbaijan, the Komsomol of Kyrgyzstan, the Union of Communist Youth of South Ossetia, and the Komsomol of Transnistria.

The SKP-CPSU approached its XXXIII Congress as an authoritative international organization, which preserved the spirit of creative Marxism-Leninism, proletarian internationalism and party camaraderie. At the congress, convened in Moscow on April 16, 2005, 140 delegates from 16 fraternal communist parties were elected. By unanimous decision, mandate No. 1 was issued to the founder of the Communist Party V.I. Lenin, mandate No. 2 - to his faithful comrade-in-arms, Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Great Victory of the Soviet people over fascism I.V. Stalin.

The Congress heard the political report of the Council, which was delivered by G.A. Zyuganov, and the report of the Deputy Chairman of the KRC SKP-CPSU G.M. Benova. As a result of the discussion of the reports, a Congress Resolution and a Statement were adopted addressed to the ruling regimes of Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Transnistria, Russia and Turkmenistan, demanding the release of political prisoners and an end to the persecution of citizens for political reasons. The XXXIII Congress of the SKP-CPSU elected a new Council of 65 representatives of all fraternal communist parties, and a Control and Audit Commission of 16 people. At the congress it was established new principle membership in the Union and the formation of its governing bodies: “One state - one communist party.”

In 2005 - 2008 at the meetings of the Executive Committee of the Council of the UPC-CPSU and the Plenums of the Council, issues related to the aggravation of the socio-political situation in Georgia and Ukraine, the implementation of measures in support of the Belarusian people and solidarity with the activities of the President of Belarus A.G. Lukashenko, organizing resistance to anti-communist attacks in PACE, celebrating the 90th anniversary of the Great October Revolution, providing assistance to fraternal parties during election campaigns.

On March 27, 2008, the Union of Communist Parties - CPSU turned 15 years old. At a round table in the editorial office of the Pravda newspaper, it was stated that ideological community and unity of goals allow communist parties in the CIS republics to effectively interact, despite the huge differences in their working conditions. The Moldovan comrades came to power peacefully and democratically. In Belarus, the Communist Party supports the patriotic and socially oriented course of the President. At the same time, in the Baltic states, Central Asia Communists are fighting the ruling fascist and semi-feudal regimes virtually underground. Leaders of the Communist Party of Lithuania M.M. served their sentences. Burokevicius (12 years old), Yu.Yu. Ermalavichyus (8 years old), Yu.Yu. Kuolalis (6 years old). For almost a decade now, the leader of the communists of Turkmenistan S.S. has been in prison. Rakhimov. But nowhere and no one will be able to kill the communist idea. In 9 out of 19 state entities on the territory of the destroyed USSR, communist parties have their own factions in parliaments. The ranks of fighters against capitalist genocide, for social justice and democracy are constantly growing.

On October 24, 2009, Moscow again hosted the multinational family of communists of fraternal parties - the XXXIV Congress of the UPC-CPSU opened. 142 delegates, 114 guests and invitees took part in its work. Among them are party veterans, deputies of parliaments of CIS countries and far abroad, representatives of the Presidential Administration and the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation, youth activists, and the patriotic public. More than 20 federal and foreign media outlets were accredited.

The congress heard and discussed the reports of the Council and the Committee of the SKP-CPSU, as well as the report “On clarifications and additions to the Program of the SKP-CPSU”. The work of the governing bodies was considered satisfactory, and changes to the Union Program were approved. In addition to the final Resolution, the XXXIV Congress of the UPC-CPSU adopted the Statement “Stop political terror, release political prisoners!” The Council and the Control and Audit Commission of the Union were elected. At the first organizational Plenum - new compositions of the Executive Committee and the Secretariat of the Council of the UPC-CPSU. Currently, the Chairman of the Council is G.A. Zyuganov, his First Deputy - K.K. Taisaev, the Secretariat of the Council of the UPC-CPSU includes comrades Yu.Yu. Ermalavichyus, E.K. Ligachev, A.E. Lokot, I.N. Makarov, I.I. Nikitchuk, D.G. Novikov. A.V. was elected Chairman of the Control and Audit Commission of the UPC-CPSU. Svirid (Communist Party of Belarus).

In 2009 - 2012 The activities of the governing bodies of the UPC-CPSU were focused on the problems of countering the falsification of historical truth, organizing international events in honor of the 65th anniversary of the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War and the 140th anniversary of the birth of V.I. Lenin, preparation for the XVII World Festival of Youth and Students, promoting recognition of the statehood of the republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.

The International Forum “Unity is the path to the salvation of fraternal peoples!”, dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the August counter-revolutionary coup and the criminal collapse of the USSR, became a large-scale, bright and emotionally rich event. The forum, held on August 19, 2011 in Donetsk, was organized by the Council of the UPC-CPSU and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. One of the central squares of the mining capital of Ukraine, on which a monument to V.I. Lenin, became red both literally and figuratively. Not only city residents, Ukrainian communists and Komsomol members gathered here, but also representatives of almost all republics of the USSR. Delegations from the Rostov region, Krasnodar and Stavropol territories also managed to break into the forum, which the Ukrainian border service tried not to let through on flimsy pretexts. “It’s symbolic,” said the political secretary of the Central Committee of the United Communist Party of Georgia T.I. Pipia, - that today we all gathered on Slavic land. It was the Slavic land that took the first blow in 1941, and it was from here that the liberation of our Motherland from the fascist invaders began!”

The result of the action was the adoption of an Appeal, which, in particular, said: “We, the participants of the International Forum in Donetsk, call on all workers who cherish Soviet socialist values to rally around the communists - the true exponents of the interests of our peoples - and to launch a mass movement for the revival of a new basis for a common Soviet, socialist Fatherland.

We take into account that in the current conditions this historical task can only be resolved with the restoration of the power of the working people and the revival of the socialist social system, the implementation of socialist transformations based on compliance with the Leninist principles of federalism.”

On February 29, 2012 in Moscow, under the chairmanship of the First Deputy Chairman of the Council of the UPC-CPSU, State Duma deputy K.K. Taisaev held a ceremonial meeting Executive Committee Council of the Union communist parties - CPSU. Delegations of all 17 fraternal parties that are part of the UPC-CPSU, and leaders of Komsomol organizations - members of the ISC-VLKSM took part in the work of the Executive Committee. The Executive Committee of the Council of the UPC-CPSU considered the following agenda items:

1. On the results of work in 2011 and the tasks of the Council of the UPC-CPSU in connection with the campaign of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation for the election of the President of the Russian Federation.

2. About the program of the candidate for the post of President of the Russian Federation from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Gennady Andreevich Zyuganov.

3. About the draft Declaration of the Communist Parties “For a New Union of Fraternal Peoples!”

First withSecretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine P.N. Simonenko emphasized that “ Only as part of the UPC-CPSU do we see the future of our party and the communist movement as a whole in the post-Soviet space. The situation requires us communists to make serious decisions. For example, all the hopes that Ukrainians had for improving relations with Russia, relying on the political forces of big capital, melted away. We understand well that without our common victory in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and other former Soviet republics, it is impossible to resolve the issue of the unity of our peoples and their worthy future.”

To the thunderous applause of the audience, each representative of the fraternal communist parties signed the text of the historical Declaration “For a new Union of fraternal peoples!”. In conclusion, the Executive Committee unanimously adopted two short statements: “Hands off Belarus!” and “NO - to the power of usurpers!” - in support of the struggle of the Moldovan people under the leadership of the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova for the restoration of the constitutional order in the country. In the evening, delegations of fraternal communist parties and youth unions took part in the rally-concert “Our address is the Soviet Union”, held at the Luzhniki sports complex.

Further integration of the divided Soviet peoples is not only the main slogan of the UPC-CPSU. This is an objective trend, an integral component of the development of modern humanity. Currently, most regions of the world are, to one degree or another, involved in integration processes. Over the past 19 years, the Union of Communist Parties - the CPSU - has become a real political force, playing a certain role in the system of interstate relations in the post-Soviet space.

On March 17, 1991, at the National Referendum, more than three quarters of the citizens of the USSR firmly and unequivocally said: we are for preserving the Soviet Union as a renewed Federation of equal, sovereign republics, in which the rights and freedoms of people of any nationality will be fully guaranteed.

The cynical violation of the direct will of the Soviet people led to the collapse of a thousand-year-old world power and plunged its people into the most difficult trials. Basic sectors of the economy have been destroyed. Millions of compatriots found themselves in the humiliating position of refugees. Hundreds of thousands were killed and injured in bloody ethnic conflicts. Mass deaths of people continue from rampant violence, social insecurity, and man-made disasters.

Today, history has once again confronted the peoples of our common Motherland with the same choice as in 1917 and 1941: either a powerful united country and socialism, or enslavement and death. The lessons of the historical past and modern global trends indicate that the unification of our states and peoples is the most pressing need.

All objective prerequisites for integration are present. The criminal Belovezhskaya conspiracy was already denounced in 1996 by the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on the initiative of the communist faction. For many years, the Belarusian people and their leader A.G. have extended the hand of unbreakable friendship to Russia. Lukashenko. Integration needs ensured the creation of the Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia, the Eurasian Economic Community and the Collective Security Treaty Organization.

Standing in the way of further unification of fraternal peoples are global imperialism and its puppets - the national-capitalist and semi-feudal cliques ruling in most of the republics of the destroyed USSR. A clear example of this is the shameful “gas” wars unleashed by the thieving Russian oligarchy against Belarus and regular information attacks on the Belarusian president.

Having played a certain positive role at the initial stage of the reunification of the fraternal Soviet peoples, the Commonwealth of Independent States is gradually being destroyed. A number of leaders of the CIS member countries do not hide the fact that it was created not for unification, but for a “civilized divorce.” The fate of the Commonwealth, created on the ashes of the Soviet state, can be predetermined by the founders, who will let it die “its own death.”

We are not happy with this prospect. The work of building the Union State must be taken into hands by the working people, fraternal communist parties, and all patriots of the Soviet Motherland. Following the behests of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, we confirm our loyalty to the principles laid down in the Declaration on the Formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, adopted on December 30, 1922 by the First All-Union Congress of Soviets.

We are already acting for the gradual revival of the renewed Union of Peoples. We are optimists and are convinced that our peoples will show their inherent age-old wisdom and repel pogromists and destroyers. Together we will enter the broad road of historical progress. They will walk along it hand in hand.

We are united by a common historical destiny, the kinship of our characters and cultures. All this is immeasurably higher and stronger than any strife. We, the descendants of the great victors of fascism, are united by the desire for a dignified and peaceful life, the belief in a happy future for our children and grandchildren. We are moving forward boldly and decisively.

Our cause is right!

Victory will be ours!

From the Communist Party of Abkhazia

E.Yu. Shamba

From the Communist Party of Azerbaijan

A.M. Veyisov

From the Communist Party of Armenia

R.G. Tovmasyan

From the Communist Party of Belarus

G.P. Atamanov

From the United Communist Party of Georgia

T.I. Pipia

From the Communist Party of Kazakhstan

G.K. Aldamzharov

From the Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan

Sh.E. Egenberdiev

From the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova

V.S. Vityuk

From the Transnistrian Communist Party

O.O. Khorzhan

From the Communist Party of the Russian Federation

G.A. Zyuganov

From the Communist Party of Uzbekistan

K.A. Makhmudov

From the Communist Party of Ukraine

P.N. Simonenko

From the Communist Party of the Republic of South Ossetia

I.K. Bekoev

The declaration was also signed by representatives of the Communist Party of Latvia, the Communist Party of Lithuania, the Communist Party of Turkmenistan, and the Communist Party of Estonia, operating under special conditions.

Chairman of the Council of the SKP-CPSU
Zyuganov Gennady Andreevich
Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, head of the Communist Party faction in the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Philosophy

First Deputy Chairman of the Council of the UPC-CPSU
Taisaev Kazbek Kutsukovich
Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, First Deputy Chairman of the Committee of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on Economic Policy, Innovative Development and Entrepreneurship

Secretariat of the Council of the UPC-CPSU
Ermalavičius Juozas Juozovich
Ligachev Egor Kuzmich
Lokot Anatoly Evgenievich
Makarov Igor Nikolaevich
Novikov Dmitry Georgievich
Nikitchuk Ivan Ignatievich

Chairman of the Control and Audit Commission of the SKP-CPSU
Svirid Alexander Vladimirovich
Chairman of the Central Control Commission of the Communist Party of Belarus

Leaders of fraternal communist parties

Avaliani Nugzar Shalvovich
First Secretary of the Central Committee of the United Communist Party of Georgia

Aldamzharov Gaziz Kamashevich
First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan

Voronin Vladimir Nikolaevich
Chairman of the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova

Karpenko Alexander Vladimirovich
First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus

Kochiev Stanislav Yakovlevich
First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Republic of South Ossetia

Kurbanov Rauf Muslimovich
Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan

Masaliev Ishak Absamatovich
Chairman of the Central Committee of the Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan

Simonenko Pyotr Nikolaevich
First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine

Tovmasyan Ruben Grigorievich
First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Armenia

Khorzhan Oleg Olegovich
Chairman of the Transnistrian Communist Party

Shamba Lev Nurbievich
First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Abkhazia

Representatives of the older generation know very well what the CPSU is. They lived during the spread of communist ideology, the basics of which were taught in school.

Many may have disagreed with the policies of the authorities, but everyone knew that the CPSU was the only party that would lead the country forward. With the collapse of the USSR, the situation changed radically. Nevertheless, the existing ideology was firmly entrenched in the minds of the population. Let us consider in detail in the article what the CPSU is.

General information

So, what does CPSU mean? This The acronym stands for Communist Party of the Soviet Union. At the initial stages of its existence, it was called the RSDLP (b), RCP (b), VKP (b). Its founder is V.I. Lenin.

During the socialist years, the CPSU was the party of all the people of the USSR. She became ruling as a result of strengthening political and social unity.

Charter

It establishes that the CPSU is “a proven militant vanguard of the people, uniting on a voluntary basis the most conscious, advanced part of the proletariat, intelligentsia and peasantry.” The Charter states that the party is called upon to serve the people.

What is the CPSU for a Soviet citizen? The party was the highest form of socio-political organization, the guiding, guiding force of society. Moreover, it was proclaimed as an integral element of the international workers' communist movement.

The first congresses of the CPSU

The very first meeting of the party took place in 1898. At this congress it received the name RSDLP. In 1917, the word “Bolsheviks” was added to the name. As a result, the full name was as follows: Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolsheviks). At the 7th Congress, however, the name was changed again. The party began to be called in short: RCP (b).

Lenin justified the changes in the name by the need to reflect in it the goal that a socialist society sets for itself - the achievement of communism.

In 1925, the USSR was officially formed. In this regard, the name of the party was changed to the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. The final name was approved in 1952 at the 19th Congress. The party became known as the CPSU.

Batch meaning

If we talk about what the CPSU is for people who participated in the fight against fascism, then we cannot fail to note the enormous contribution of the country’s leadership to the victory over the invaders. The party has become driving force of the entire Soviet people. Its ideology rallied millions of people in the fight against fascism.

Under the leadership of the CPSU, the people built developed socialism, turning the country into one of the most powerful powers, with advanced science and culture. The policy that Lenin proclaimed, which was put into practice by his followers, ensured the unity of the population around the party. As a result, a new community was formed - the Soviet people.

Theoretical basis

It is the Marxist-Leninist teaching. Based on his ideas, at each congress the CPSU identified new promising tasks. At the same time, the ultimate goal of the party always remained unchanged and was to build a communist society. At the 22nd Congress, a corresponding program was adopted. One of its objectives was to create the material and technical base for building communism. Its implementation assumed:

Electrification of the country, improvement of technology, equipment, organization of production in every economic sector.
Widespread use of chemical products.
Comprehensive mechanization of processes with their subsequent automation.
Development of promising, cost-effective sectors, creation of new materials and types of energy.
Rational and comprehensive use of all resources (labor, material, natural).
Increasing the cultural and technical level of workers.
Achieving superiority over developed capitalist states in terms of labor productivity.

Secretaries of the CPSU Central Committee

The leading working body of the party was the secretariat. Secretaries of the CPSU Central Committee could participate in Politburo meetings and had the right to an advisory vote.

The current activities of the party were managed by the Plenum of the Central Committee. The secretariat had an apparatus with industry departments. With his help, operational activities were carried out. Below is a list of secretaries of the Central Committee of the CPSU of the USSR from 1925 to 1941:

Bubnov. A.S.
Kosior S. V.
Evdokimov G. E.
Shvernik N. M.
Kubyak N. A.
Smirnov A. P.
Kaganovich L. M.
Bauman K. Ya.
Postyshev P. P.
Kirov S. M.
Zhdanov A. A.
Ezhov N. I.
Andreev A. A.
Malenkov G. M.
Shcherbakov A. S.

Secretary General

Supreme official was considered in the country Secretary General CPSU. This post of General Secretary was first introduced, presumably, in 1922. The first party member to occupy it was Stalin. Unofficially, Krestinsky was considered the general secretary when in 1919-1921. was the only one of the three secretaries of the Central Committee to be a member of the Politburo.

During the elections of the secretariat, the position of the general secretary was not mentioned at the plenums. Until Stalin's death, it remained non-statutory.

In 1953, instead of the post of Secretary General, the post of First Secretary was established. In 1966 it was renamed back. At the same time, the position of the General Secretary was enshrined in the Charter of the Communist Party.

Organizational Basics

They are reflected in the Party Charter. This document defines the norms of party life, forms, methods of building communism, ways of managing all areas of ideological, state, social, and economic activity.

In accordance with the Charter, the organizational principle is democratic socialism. It means:

Election of governing bodies from bottom to top.
Regular reporting of party structures to their organizations and higher government institutions.
Strict discipline, subordination of minority opinion to majority opinion.
Unconditional mandatory execution of decisions of higher structures.

Members of the CPSU

Any Soviet citizen who recognized the party program and the Charter, took an active part in building a communist society, carried out the decisions of the party leadership, and paid dues could join the pariah.

All members of the CPSU were subject to the following responsibilities:

Serve as an example of the correct communist attitude to the performance of public duty and work.
Steadfastly and firmly implement the decisions of the party leadership.
Explain the political program to the population.
Actively participate in political processes, government, cultural and economic construction.
Know the basics of Marxist-Leninist theory.
Resolutely fight against all bourgeois manifestations, remnants of private property relations, religious prejudices, and other remnants of the past.
Be attentive and sensitive to people.
Observe the norms of communist morality.
Actively promote the ideas of socialist internationalism and Soviet patriotism.
Strengthen the unity of the party system.
Develop self-criticism and criticism.
To be honest and truthful before the people and the party.
Maintain state and party discipline.
Be vigilant.
Contribute to strengthening the defense capability of the USSR.

Rights

Any party member could be elected to party bodies or participate in the elections of their members. Party citizens could freely discuss issues of practical activities of the CPSU at party meetings, congresses, conferences, and committee meetings.

Party members had the right to make proposals for improving the work of the governing body, to express openly, to defend their own opinions before a decision is made, to criticize any communist at meetings, conferences, and other meetings, regardless of his position.

Procedural issues

Admission to the CPSU was always carried out on an individual basis. Active, conscientious representatives of the intelligentsia, working class and peasantry, devoted to communism, were accepted into the party.

All citizens joining the CPSU underwent candidate experience. It was 1 year. Only persons over 18 years of age could join the party. At the same time, citizens under 23 years of age were admitted to the CPSU through the VLKS.

In case of failure to fulfill the duties of a party member provided for by the Charter, a citizen (including a candidate) was held accountable. Various disciplinary and other measures were taken against him. The highest punishment for a party member was expulsion from it.

Structure

The CPSU was built on the territorial production principle. Local labor activity citizens, primary organizations were formed. They united into district ones, then into city ones, and so on.

The highest governing bodies for primary organizations were general meetings, for district, city, regional, district - conferences, for the CPSU and parties of the republics - congresses.

At general meetings, conferences, and congresses, a bureau or committee was elected. They acted as executive structures and supervised all current activities of the party organization. Elections of members of party bodies were held according to the principle of secret (closed) voting.

The party congress was considered the supreme governing body. It elected the Central Committee and the Central Audit Commission. Congresses were convened at least once every five years. Between them, the party's activities were under the leadership of the CPSU Central Committee.

This now almost unused abbreviation was once known to every child and was pronounced almost with reverence. Central Committee of the CPSU! What do these letters mean?

About the name

The abbreviation we are interested in means, or more simply, Central Committee. Considering the importance of the Communist Party in society, its governing body could well be called the kitchen in which fateful decisions for the country were “cooked.” Members of the CPSU Central Committee, the main elite of the country, are the “cooks” in this kitchen, and the “chef” is the General Secretary.

From the history of the CPSU

The history of this public entity began long before the revolution and the proclamation of the USSR. Until 1952, its names changed several times: RCP(b), VKP(b). These abbreviations reflected both the ideology, which was clarified each time (from workers' social democracy to the Bolshevik Communist Party), and the scale (from Russian to all-Union). But the names are not the point. From the 20s to the 90s of the last century, a one-party system functioned in the country, and the Communist Party had a complete monopoly. The Constitution of 1936 recognized it as the governing core, and in the main law of the country of 1977 it was even proclaimed the guiding and guiding force of society. Any directives issued by the CPSU Central Committee instantly acquired the force of law.

All this, of course, did not contribute to the democratic development of the country. In the USSR, inequality of rights along party lines was actively promoted. Even small leadership positions could only be applied for by members of the CPSU, who could be held accountable for mistakes along party lines. One of the most terrible punishments was deprivation of a party card. The CPSU positioned itself as a party of workers and collective farmers, so there were quite strict quotas for its recruitment with new members. It was difficult for a representative of a creative profession or a mental worker to find himself in the party ranks; The CPSU followed its own no less strictly. national composition. Thanks to this selection, the truly best did not always end up in the party.

From the party charter

In accordance with the Charter, all activities of the Communist Party were collegial. In primary organizations, decisions were made at general meetings, but in general the governing body was a congress held every few years. A party plenum was held approximately every six months. The Central Committee of the CPSU in the intervals between plenums and congresses was the leading unit responsible for all party activities. In turn, the highest body that led the Central Committee itself was the Politburo, headed by the General (First) Secretary.

The functional responsibilities of the Central Committee included personnel policy and local control, expenditure of the party budget and management of the activities of public structures. But not only. Together with the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee, he determined all ideological activities in the country and resolved the most important political and economic issues.

It is difficult for people who have not lived to understand this. In a democratic country where a number of parties operate, their activities are of little concern to the average person - he only remembers them before elections. But in the USSR the leading role of the Communist Party was even emphasized constitutionally! In factories and collective farms, in military units and in creative groups, the party organizer was the second (and in importance often the first) leader of this structure. Formally, the Communist Party could not manage economic or political processes: for this there was a Council of Ministers. But in fact, the Communist Party decided everything. No one was surprised by the fact that the most important political problems and five-year plans for economic development were discussed and determined by party congresses. The Central Committee of the CPSU directed all these processes.

About the main person in the party

Theoretically, the Communist Party was a democratic entity: from the time of Lenin until the last moment, there was no unity of command in it, and there were no formal leaders. It was assumed that the secretary of the Central Committee was just a technical position, and the members of the governing body were equal. The first secretaries of the CPSU Central Committee, or rather the RCP(b), were indeed not very noticeable figures. E. Stasova, Y. Sverdlov, N. Krestinsky, V. Molotov - although their names were well-known, these people had nothing to do with practical leadership. But with the arrival of I. Stalin, the process went differently: the “father of nations” managed to crush all power under himself. A corresponding position also appeared - Secretary General. It must be said that the names of party leaders changed periodically: the General Secretaries were replaced by the First Secretaries of the CPSU Central Committee, then vice versa. With the light hand of Stalin, regardless of the title of his position, the party leader simultaneously became the main person of the state.

After the death of the leader in 1953, N. Khrushchev and L. Brezhnev held this post, then for a short period the position was occupied by Yu. Andropov and K. Chernenko. The last party leader was M. Gorbachev, who was also the only President of the USSR. The era of each of them was significant in its own way. If Stalin is considered by many to be a tyrant, then Khrushchev is usually called a voluntarist, and Brezhnev is the father of stagnation. Gorbachev went down in history as the man who first destroyed and then buried a huge state - the Soviet Union.

Conclusion

The history of the CPSU was an academic discipline compulsory for all universities in the country, and every schoolchild in the Soviet Union knew the main milestones in the development and activities of the party. Revolution, then civil war, industrialization and collectivization, victory over fascism and the post-war restoration of the country. And then virgin lands and space flights, large-scale all-Union construction projects - the history of the party was closely intertwined with the history of the state. In each case, the role of the CPSU was considered dominant, and the word “communist” was synonymous with a true patriot and simply a worthy person.

But if you read the history of the party differently, between the lines, you get a terrible thriller. Millions of repressed people, exiled peoples, camps and political murders, reprisals against undesirables, persecution of dissidents... We can say that the author of every black page Soviet history- Central Committee of the CPSU.

In the USSR they loved to quote Lenin’s words: “The party is the mind, honor and conscience of our era.” Alas! In fact, the Communist Party was neither one nor the other, nor the third. After the 1991 coup, the activities of the CPSU in Russia were banned. Is the Russian Communist Party the successor to the All-Union Party? Even experts find it difficult to explain this.

COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE SOVIET UNION (CPSU) - the Marxist-Leninist vanguard of the Soviet people, component international communist movement. Created as the vanguard of the working class, a single party with its own Program and Charter, at the Second Congress of the RSDLP (1903), which completed the process of unifying the revolutionary Marxist organizations of Russia on the ideological, political and organizational principles developed V. I. Lenin. Initially it was called the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP), and from 1917 - the RSDLP (Bolsheviks) - RSDLP (b) (see. ). The VII Congress (1918) renamed the party into the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) - RCP (b), XIV Congress (1925) - into the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) - VKP (b), XIX Congress (1952) - into the Communist Party of the Soviet Union . The founder and leader of the party was V.I. Lenin. Therefore, the CPSU, along with its official name, is rightfully called the Leninist party.

At each historical stage, the party consistently solved problems scientifically substantiated in its programs. In the first Program (1903), she proclaimed as her goal the struggle for the victory of the bourgeois-democratic, and then socialist , the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat. With the victory of the Great October Revolution socialist revolution this program has been completed. In the second Program adopted by the VIII Congress (1919), the party put forward the task of building socialism. Under her leadership, the Soviet people, overcoming enormous difficulties and going through tragic trials associated with the cult of personality, solved this problem. A socialist society was built in the USSR.

The Party has more than once had to lead the armed defense of the revolutionary, socialist gains of the working people. This was the case during civil war And foreign intervention. During the Great Patriotic War The party acted as the inspirer and organizer of the nationwide struggle against the Nazi invaders. Its leadership was the most important factor in the victory over fascism and the elimination of the consequences of the war.

Having adopted the Third Program at the XXII Congress (1961), the CPSU launched a great deal of work in all areas of communist construction. Under her leadership, the Soviet people achieved significant success in the development of productive forces, economic and social relations, socialist democracy, in the formation of a new person. At the same time, for reasons of an objective and, above all, subjective nature, in the 70s - early. 80s Negative, stagnant phenomena began to arise in the socio-economic development of the country. A turning point has also arisen in global development. The new historical situation required an innovative rethinking of reality, a sharp turn in strategy, politics, and in all the leadership activities of the party. All this was reflected in the new edition of the Party Program adopted by the XXVII Congress of the CPSU (1986).

The Third Program of the CPSU in its current edition is a program for the systematic and comprehensive improvement of socialism, the further advancement of Soviet society towards based on accelerating the socio-economic development of the country, a program of struggle for peace and social progress. It proclaims that the ultimate goal of the party is to build communism. The CPSU constantly correlates its policies, economic and social strategy, and the tasks of organizational and ideological work with the communist perspective.

The modern strategic course of the party was developed by the April (1985) Plenum of the Central Committee and the XXVII Congress of the CPSU. This is a course to accelerate the socio-economic development of the country. With its implementation, the party associates the growth of prosperity and peaceful life of the Soviet people, the future of our Motherland, and the fate of socialism.

The acceleration course required a deep restructuring in all spheres of economics, management, socio-political and spiritual life. The party, in the decisions of the XXVII Congress, subsequent Plenums of the Central Committee, and the XIX All-Union Party Conference, substantiated the objective need for perestroika, its stages, goals and objectives. She led this process, organized work that was revolutionary in nature, aimed at decisively overcoming stagnation, implementing radical economic reform, reconstructing the political system of Soviet society, democratizing public life, and creating a reliable and effective mechanism for socio-economic acceleration. The ultimate goal of perestroika is the renewal of all aspects of social life, giving socialism the most modern forms of social organization, and the fullest disclosure of the creative potential of the socialist system. The implementation of the course of acceleration and restructuring, unanimously supported by the people, is today the main thing in the activities of communists, of all Soviet people.

Under the conditions of perestroika, the role of the party as the leading and organizing force of society appears in a new way. The XIX Party Conference determined the functions of the party in the new conditions. Their essence is that the party, based on Marxist-Leninist teachings, is called upon to develop theory and strategy social development, internal and foreign policy, form the ideology of socialist renewal, conduct political and organizational work among the masses, educate and place personnel. Moreover, it operates within the framework of the USSR Constitution and Soviet laws. This requires a rejection of the substitution of party committees for state and economic bodies, and of command-and-order methods of work.

The vanguard role of the CPSU in perestroika is impossible without deep democratization of the internal life of the party. It is necessary to fully revive the Leninist organizational principles on the basis of which the party and all its bodies are called upon to act. These principles are enshrined in its Charter. The current Charter of the CPSU was adopted at the XXVII Party Congress. It reflected the complex modern requirements, which are put forward in the field of party building. The guiding principle of the organizational structure, life and activities of the party, according to the CPSU Charter, is democratic centralism, which provides for freedom of discussion at the discussion stage and unity of action when the decision is made by the majority. In the democratization of internal party life and methods of activity of the CPSU - one of important conditions increasing the vital activity of the party, its self-purification and strengthening, the active work of party organizations, a guarantee against repeating the mistakes of the past.

The CPSU unites on a voluntary basis the advanced, most conscious part of the working class, collective farm peasantry and intelligentsia of the USSR. Currently the party numbers approx. 19.5 million communists. Among them, 45.3% are workers, 11.6% are collective farmers, 43.1% are office workers. The CPSU is a coherent system of organizations with corresponding governing bodies. It unites 14 communist parties of the union republics, 6 regional, 153 regional, 10 district, 4439 city and district, St. 441 thousand primary party organizations. The work of the party and all its organizations in the period between congresses is led by Central Committee CPSU, its Politburo and Secretariat.

The CPSU is an integral part of the international communist movement. It firmly adheres to the principles of proletarian, socialist internationalism, actively promotes the strengthening of the cohesion of fraternal socialist countries, the unity of the international communist and labor movement, and shows solidarity with the peoples fighting for national and social liberation, against imperialism, and for the preservation of peace. The Party considers its activities to improve socialist society and build communism, its struggle against danger nuclear disaster as the most important international duty, the fulfillment of which meets the interests of the world system of socialism, the international working class, and all humanity.

General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee - M. S. Gorbachev. *

Project Editorial Notes

* This is as usual. An indispensable component of dictionaries and encyclopedias of the Soviet era was such boorish groveling before those in power. If some insignificant little man was appointed the biggest boss, then all the political publishing houses in the country simply began to compete with each other in displaying servility. It would seem that if you are compiling a “Concise Political Dictionary” and writing articles about social and political institutions such as the CPSU, then fulfill this pragmatic task. Oh no! You definitely need to “prompt” the top boss (or at least his entourage) that you “checked in” - you mentioned the boss in the dictionary entry with the appropriate regalia.

Brief political dictionary. M., 1988, p. 175-177.