An ulcer is painful, disgusting and dangerous. In the recent past, doctors could not find the root cause of this pathology. They blamed it on stress, poor nutrition and treated it almost blindly experimentally.
At the end of the 19th century, German scientists discovered a spiral-shaped bacterium that lived in the stomach and. It was given the name Helicobacter pylori. In 1981, the connection between this microorganism and the appearance of ulcers in the stomach and intestines was scientifically proven, for which in 2005 the discoverers medical value bacteria Robin Warren and Barry Marshall were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine.
What kind of bacteria is this? How to destroy a pathogenic microorganism and cure erosion of the gastric mucosa once and for all?
Helicobacter colonizes areas of the mucous membrane.
is a spiral-shaped gram-negative microorganism. Its dimensions are only 3 microns. This is the only microorganism capable of surviving and reproducing in an acidic environment. gastric juice.
Under favorable conditions, Helicobacter colonizes areas. The negative effect on the stomach occurs due to the complex properties of this microorganism:
- The presence of flagella allows for rapid movement in the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Adhesion to stomach cells. This creates inflammation and the body's immune response.
- Produces enzymes that break down urea into ammonia. This neutralizes the gastric juice, and the bacterium receives an environment favorable for development. Ammonia additionally burns the mucous membranes. This causes an inflammatory process.
- The microorganism produces and releases exotoxins that destroy mucosal cells.
Scientists have proven that Helicobacter strains in patients with ulcers are more aggressive than in patients with gastritis and other inflammatory processes in the stomach or intestines.
Infection with this microorganism occurs asymptomatically in 70% of cases. Doctors call possible routes of infection oral-fecal or oral-oral - through kissing, sharing utensils, in canteens and cafes, during medical procedures.
Helicobacter: diagnostic measures
To diagnose Helicobacter, you need to undergo tests.
Diagnostic procedures begin with interviewing and examining the patient. Then special studies are carried out to confirm or refute preliminary diagnosis. Tests for Helicobacter pylori:
- Non-invasive procedures - blood for specific antibodies, breath test, and saliva
- Invasive techniques - endoscopy with collection of material for histological examination
- To determine the microorganism in biological environments analysis is carried out using the PCR method.
- For breath tests, the patient takes a solution of urea with labeled carbon atoms. The microorganism breaks down urea, and the labeled atoms are found in the air exhaled by a person. Additionally, an analysis is carried out to determine the concentration of ammonia in exhaled air.
The most accurate results are obtained only invasive techniques examinations.
Helicobacter pylori is treated by a gastroenterologist.
A gastroenterologist treats diseases associated with Helicobacter pylori.
If inflammatory processes not detected on the gastric mucosa, and tests confirm the presence of the microorganism, no treatment is carried out.
Antibacterial therapy should be carried out in the presence or exacerbation of the following diseases:
- Surgical intervention against the background of gastrointestinal oncology
- , atrophy or necrosis of the gastric mucosa
- Precancerous condition
- Oncology of the gastrointestinal tract in close relatives
- Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Dyspepsia
- Pathological heartburn -
A thematic video will tell you how to treat Helicobacter pylori:
Long courses of treatment with NSAID drugs
There are 2 methods of treating Helicobacter pylori infection.
Treatment is carried out comprehensively. According to the WHO methodology, any drug regimen must meet the following criteria:
- Efficiency and speed
- Safety for the patient
- Convenience - using drugs long acting, short course of treatment
- Interchangeability - any drug must be interchangeable with a complete analogue or generic
Currently, 2 methods have been adopted for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. It is not recommended to use them simultaneously. If 1 scheme did not give positive result, then the second one is used and vice versa. This prevents Helicobacter from developing immunity to medicines. Treatment regimens:
- Three-component method - 2 antibacterial drugs and 1 agent to reduce the acidity of gastric juice
- Four-component method - 2 antibacterial drugs, 1 - to reduce the secretion of hydrochloric acid, 1 - bismuth compounds
There is a 3rd treatment regimen for combating the microorganism. It is used when the first 2 did not have the desired effect. In this case, they speak of a resistant Helicobacter strain.
In this case, a preliminary endoscopic examination is carried out with the collection of material for a biopsy. In the laboratory, drugs for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori are individually selected. And only after that the doctor develops an individual course.
Antibiotics for Helicobacter pylori
Klacid is an antibiotic to fight bacteria.
It would seem that there is a bacterium that can be destroyed. In laboratory conditions, everything went perfectly, but in tests on volunteers, the drugs did not work at all.
The reason was a change in the properties of antibiotics in the acidic environment of the stomach. The choice of antibiotics to combat Helicobacter is small:
- Amoxicillin and drugs based on it - Flemoxil, Amoxiclav
- Clarithromycin or
- Azithromycin
- Tetracycline drugs
- Levofloxacin
The duration of the course is calculated by the doctor and depends on the duration of the disease, age and patient. The recommended duration of treatment is at least 7 days.
Antibacterial drugs
The choice of antibacterial drugs that can cope with Helicobacter is small. This is "Trichopol" or "Metronidazole", or "Makmiror".
Trichopolum and Metronidazole are complete analogues. The main active ingredient of the drug, metronidazole, penetrates the microorganism and breaks down, releasing toxic substances.
The peculiarity of this drug is that nifuratel does not reduce the patient’s overall immunity, but, on the contrary, improves the body’s defenses. Macmiror is a second-line drug. It is prescribed if treatment with metronidazole does not give the expected result. This medicine used in treatment peptic ulcer in children.
Bismuth preparations and proton pump inhibitors in the treatment of Helicobacter
De-nol is a bismuth-based medicine.
A drug based on bismuth was used even before the discovery of the pathogenic microorganism. He has enveloping effect, forming a film on the gastric mucosa.
It protects the walls from the aggressive effects of hydrochloric acid. After the discovery of Helicobacter, it turned out that bismuth subcitrate has an inhibitory effect on the bacterium. It is able to penetrate into the deep layers of the mucous membrane, where the pathogen likes to settle.
Proton pump inhibitors - Omeprazole, Pariet - blocks areas of the mucous membrane responsible for the production of hydrochloric acid. This promotes the healing of erosions, reduces the acidity of gastric juice and allows the antibiotic molecules to be preserved in an acidic environment.
Helicobacter pylori. How to do without antibiotics?
There is no effective treatment regimen for diseases associated with Helicobacter without the use of antibiotics. Only in some cases, without symptoms of the inflammatory process and with a low contamination of bacteria, is it possible to remove Helicobacter pylori from the body.
All treatment regimens place a serious strain on the body. If carriage is detected without signs of inflammation, it is recommended to use more gentle methods.
Traditional medicine and Helicobacter
Traditional medicine recipes should not be used without consulting a doctor.
What does traditional medicine offer for the treatment of Helicobacter? Recipes are often contradictory:
- Raw chicken eggs. It is recommended to drink 1 raw egg before breakfast. This should normalize normal microflora stomach.
- St. John's wort, calendula and yarrow are mixed in equal proportions. Make - 250 ml of water per 5 g of mixture. Take the infusion 0.5 cups 3 times a day for a month.
- It is recommended to consume 1 teaspoon of rosehip syrup per month.
- Flaxseed decoction. For 1 tablespoon of seed you will need 1 glass of water. Simmer over low heat for 20 minutes. Strain the broth and take 1 tablespoon before each.
The use of prescriptions should only be started after consultation with a gastroenterologist. Otherwise, within a month of treatment you risk getting a perforated ulcer with all the ensuing consequences.
Diet for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection
Modern techniques allow you to be cured in a matter of weeks.
There is no specialized nutrition to combat Helicobacter. During treatment, you should adhere to the recommendations for patients with gastritis, ulcers and other diseases of the stomach and intestines.
Food should be light, pureed and not irritate the mucous membranes. Heavy, spicy, fried and fatty foods are prohibited.
An ulcer is a dangerous disease. The cause of this pathology has now been identified. Helicobacter pylori should be treated under guidance. Modern techniques make it possible to get rid of this microorganism in a matter of weeks.
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Scientists have found that the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is the cause of many diseases: from gastritis to stomach cancer. However, Helicobacter does not provoke diseases in all people affected by it. And, according to various sources, these constitute from 50% to 70% of the planet’s population. We tell you in what cases it is necessary to fight the Helicobacter bacteria.
Scientists have found that the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is the root cause of many diseases. gastrointestinal tract: from gastritis to stomach cancer. However, Helicobacter does not provoke diseases in all people affected by it. And, according to various sources, these constitute from 50% to 70% of the planet’s population.
The question arises: what to do with this “mine”? Treat before the bacteria has time to cause serious illness, or wait until they begin pathological changes? Nobody wants to poison the body with antibiotics once again.
In what cases is it necessary to fight the Helicobacter bacteria?
Gastroenterologists around the world have already agreed that it is unwise to fight Helicobacter on the same scale as epidemiologists once fought smallpox. To completely eradicate this bacterium from the world, antibiotics will have to be prescribed to every second person.
As a result, as the medical community believes, “we will get a mountain of corpses from pseudomembranous colitis (acute inflammation of the colon associated with taking antibiotics), but we will not eradicate the harmful Helicobacter.” After all, all bacteria have the ability to mutate while fighting for survival.
Disputes about “to treat or not to treat”, “to detect or not to detect” have been raging for so long that the debate among the luminaries of medicine eventually took shape in the so-called Maastricht Consensus. These are the recommendations of doctors developed at a consultation on the fight against bacteria.
The first meeting of doctors took place in the city of Maastricht, hence the name of the set of recommendations based on laboratory research, which are updated regularly. To date, four consensus statements have been published.
Medical conclusions made in the light of the latest scientific knowledge about Helicobacter pylori:
- Treatment required for ulcers duodenum or stomach.
- Antibacterial therapy prescribed to the closest relatives of patients with stomach cancer.
- Eradication is recommended for atrophic gastritis. It is this that is considered a precancerous disease, and not a stomach ulcer.
- Treatment required if detected Iron-deficiency anemia. However, doctors will first need to find out whether the patient is losing iron or whether it is not absorbed due to bacteria.
Everything listed above applies to cases where the bacterium has already been identified. However, doctors are faced with another question: is it necessary to look for Helicobacter in all people? The answer that gastroenterologists most often give is: rather no than yes. Specialists also have a list of approximate candidates for analysis.
When to look for Helicobacter bacteria
- Proton pump inhibitors, drugs that reduce the aggressiveness of gastric juice, do not help with stomach pain.
- Along with fatigue, iron deficiency appears - the first sign of stomach cancer.
- As part of the medical examination, even if there are no complaints of pain in the upper abdomen, you can do a gastroscopy and biopsy every 7 years to identify the bacteria.
- The patient is at risk: his relatives had stomach cancer.
- During the study, gastric dysplasia, intestinal metaplasia or atrophic gastritis were revealed.
Scheme of eradication (destruction) of Helicobacter pylori
- 1–2 weeks the patient receives comprehensive drug therapy: proton pump inhibitors, bismuth preparations, antibiotics. The doctor should also prescribe medications that will compensate for the deficiency of beneficial microorganisms in the stomach and intestines after taking antibiotics. Popular drugs: “De-Nol”, amoxicillin (“Flemoxin”); clarithromycin; azithromycin; tetracycline; Levofloxacin.
- The patient is tested again. If the bacteria remains, after 5-6 weeks the doctor will again prescribe a course of treatment, but with different antibiotics.
- If after the second stage of treatment the Helicobacter test is again positive, the treatment method is selected on an individual basis.
What foods should be excluded from the diet if the Helicobacter bacterium is detected.
Content
Infectious diseases gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are caused by various microorganisms. One of them is Helicobacter pylori ( helicobacter pylori). This harmful specimen was found more than 50 years ago and is the only microbe of its kind that adapts to the gastric environment. Let's look at the symptoms and treatment of Helicobacter pylori and find out the reasons for the appearance of the bacterium in the body.
What is Helicobacter pylori
Infectious lesions are often provoked by the type of microbe Helicobacter pylori. It is a gram-negative microorganism and lives in the stomach. The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is the source of many inflammatory processes in abdominal cavity: ulcers, gastritis, erosion, malignant formations. Find out all about the first symptoms and treatment when bacteria are detected in the body.
Symptoms
A certain number of people infected with Helicobacter pylori infection note that the disease was asymptomatic. A child or adult who has no signs of illness is often diagnosed with light form gastritis, which does not threaten health. Such facts do not mean that Helicobacter pylori is normal for the body. Other infected people feel following signs illness:
- pain in the stomach;
- chills, sometimes a slight increase in body temperature;
- bloating;
- stomach upset;
- nausea and vomiting.
Some infected people experience symptoms of Helicobacter pylori that appear on the face. Pimples appear on the skin, which are difficult to miss. Sometimes there is an unpleasant odor from oral cavity. Doctors emphasize the fact that even if the signs of pylori have disappeared, this is not a guarantee of recovery. It is necessary to pass tests and take a course complex therapy, if the diagnosis is confirmed.
How is the bacterium transmitted?
An infectious disease enters the human body in the following cases:
- through physical contact;
- cough and sneezing;
- through non-compliance with hygiene rules;
- use of shared cutlery and crockery.
Pylori gets into human body when dirty or poorly processed vegetables, fruits, and poor-quality water are consumed. Children often become infected with Helicobacter pylori infection through their mother's saliva. In most cases, infection of one household member or employee at work with the Helicobacter bacterium leads to general infection of the family or team.
Helicobacter pylori treatment regimen
It is advised to take the symptoms and treatment of Helicobacter pylori seriously. Diseases caused by stomach bacteria will progress, undermining your health more and more. Today, there are two main methods for eliminating gastric microbes: medicines and folk recipes.
Medicines
Is it necessary to treat Helicobacter pylori? How dangerous is this infection to health? The unequivocal answer is yes, therapy is mandatory. Timely prescribed treatment will help avoid the development of gastrointestinal diseases. There is a chance to get rid of the bacteria by taking antibiotics. Doctors advise an eradication approach to the problem. Eradication is the complete destruction of Helicobacter pylori from the body.
There are several schemes complex treatment against microbe:
- first-line program: Clarithromycin, Rabeprazole, Amoxicillin;
- second-line regimen: “Bismuth”, “Metranidazole”, “Subsalicylate” (is a repeated course if, according to the results of the first treatment, the bacterium remains in the body).
Along with the use of antibiotics, it is necessary to support the body with probiotics - drugs that enrich the intestines with acid, which has a detrimental effect on pathogens of infectious diseases. For example, Bifiform or Linex tablets are excellent for these purposes. Antibacterial therapy, which is prescribed on time, allows you to completely get rid of Helicobacter pylori without complications.
Folk remedies
Traditional medicine has a wide range of recipes in stock. How to cure Helicobacter pylori using grandma's techniques? Doctors advise combining herbs with medications to enhance the effect. Be sure to consult a specialist before using folk tinctures. We offer several effective recipes to destroy Helicobacter pylori without antibiotics.
- Propolis tincture. Take the medicine in a dosage of 10 drops per glass of water. Duration of therapy is one to two months. Grind 30 g of propolis, pour 100 ml of alcohol. Place the ingredients in a glass bottle and securely close the lid. Leave for 10 to 14 days in a dark place.
- We will need elecampane, centaury, and St. John's wort. Place the components of the medicine in equal parts into any deep container and fill with water (2 tablespoons of the mixture per 1 liter of liquid). Let it sit for about 5-6 hours. Strain, consume 100 ml three times a day after meals.
- A decoction of flax seeds plays the role of a “doctor” perfectly. Prepare one tablespoon of dried flaxseeds and pour into a plate or bowl. Fill them with 0.5 liters of water and put on fire. Boil the drug for approximately 6-7 minutes, then leave for 2 hours and filter. We drink the resulting healthy decoction before meals, 1 tbsp. l. The treatment course is 2 months.
Nutrition for Helicobacter pylori
Diet when treating a disease is a necessary measure. Doctors often prescribe therapeutic nutrition first category for patients with infectious ailments of the gastrointestinal tract. This diet significantly reduces the load on the digestive system and improves it. The list of products prohibited for consumption varies, depending on the nuances of each individual case of Helicobacter pylori. Basic nutrition rules:
- Do not eat too hot/cold foods;
- food intake should be balanced;
- products with maximum content useful substances, vitamins;
- drinking large amounts of mineral water with soda or purified water;
- It is recommended to eat 5 approaches per day with medium portions.
Authorized products:
- only white types of bread, crackers, dried bread;
- meat and fish;
- eggs;
- soups cooked in low-fat broth;
- pasta, cereals;
- vegetables: potatoes, carrots, pumpkin, beets;
- berries: strawberries, raspberries.
Prohibited products:
- fatty meat and fish;
- spicy, salty dishes;
- mushrooms;
- canned food;
- alcohol;
- baking;
- sausages, processed and smoked cheeses;
- sweets.
Diagnosis of the disease
To identify the disease, a series of medical research. Inflammation in the digestive system caused by pylori is detected after:
- blood tests to identify characteristic antibodies;
- PCR method in studies of saliva, feces, dental plaque;
- breath tests;
- analysis of a biopsy of the mucous membrane under a microscope (taken using FEGDS).
Prevention
Helicobacter pylori infection often recurs the immune system unable to protect against relapse. To avoid the bacteria Helicobacter pylori entering the body, it is recommended to follow simple preventive measures:
- reduce frequent physical contact with strangers (for example, kissing, hugging);
- stop drinking alcoholic beverages and smoking;
- Be sure to wash your hands well before eating;
- Do not use personal hygiene products that belong to strangers.
Video
Helicobacter pylori infection - serious illness, but if you follow some rules and follow all the doctor’s recommendations, the treatment will be as effective as possible. After watching the video, you will learn about the main symptoms, causes and essence of the disease. Qualified doctor will talk about diagnostic activities identifying and treating Helicobacter pylori, will explain in detail how to avoid infection.
