The formulation of working time includes a certain length of time during which work activities are performed by the employee, according to employment contract And regulatory documents. Besides, this concept contains calculations for various time periods, such as vacation or sick leave, which are regulated by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
Rules for calculating working hours
The basic norm of the work process per week should not exceed 40 hours, according to. With a limited schedule at the enterprise, a norm of 24, 35 and 36 hours per week can be established.
This norm is necessary in order to set wages, as well as calculate wages for holidays and weekends according to a separate schedule.
When calculating operating time, certain factors are taken into account, but the main one is the use of a schedule labor activity. The duration of this schedule can be one day, a week, or a cumulative period that involves working in shifts.
In addition, it is necessary to take into account such points as:
- type of work week (five or six working days);
- total duration of work during the day;
- employee start and finish times;
- duration of rest or lunch;
- holidays that affect changes in the duration of the labor process.
These accounting principles are enshrined in the legislation of the Russian Federation; every employer is required to use a working time schedule.
How to calculate the standard working hours in 2018?
The formula for calculating working hours is based on the production calendar, which takes into account all holidays. In 2018, there are 365 days, of which 247 workdays are allocated, and the number of weekends and holidays is 118 days. There are also two pre-holiday days during which the working day is shortened.
The formula is calculated as follows: total days in a year are multiplied by eight and subtracted by two.
To calculate the average monthly rate, you need to divide the resulting number by the number of months in the year.
How to calculate working hours when working every three days?
Calculation of working hours with a shift or flexible schedule, for example, every other day, is made according to Labor Code RF.
When working in such a schedule, the norm of 40 is not met, therefore, those hours that exceed the norm are considered overtime. The number of such hours is determined after the end of the accounting period, which must be one year. In this case, the overworked time will be compensated for by the unworked time.
Time sheet and use of working time
The actual hours worked by an employee of the organization are subject to accounting, which is determined by the Ministry of Finance. The time sheet contains indicators of hours worked and registered deviations from the standard use of the Russian Federation, such as vacation or sick leave. These variances are used to calculate payroll in the company.
The organization's accounting sheet must be updated every month by authorized persons who are assigned to perform these duties.
Record keeping can be produced:
- for the whole enterprise;
- for certain departments and divisions of the enterprise.
The main circumstance for opening a new time sheet is the time sheet for the previous time period. You need to open a new account a few days before the start of the month.
Payroll calculation with summarized recording of working hours
By general rules with a summary accounting of the operating mode, a time-based payroll system is drawn up.
- monthly salary in the form of a basic amount;
- hourly tariff rate in the form of a base value.
Wages are calculated based on the salary indicated for the accounting period at a standard hourly rate.
When calculating wages for a period, there may be an increase or decrease in the norm of hours of labor activity, but which does not exceed the specified norm in the production calendar. IN in this case An hourly rate may be applied to produce a cumulative calculation. This rate is calculated based on the total hourly rate for the month.
Principles of calculating wages using timesheets
Calculation holidays in the case of summarized recording of working hours, it is carried out on the basis of. This article contains information on payment during the holiday period.
There are such types of payment as:
- double piecework payment (paid to persons who work piecework);
- double tariff rate per day or hour (paid to employees who work based on these rates);
- In the case of salary payments, the following payments are provided on holidays - a single rate in addition to the salary in the absence of overtime or a double rate in excess of the salary if the calendar norm is exceeded.
In addition, the establishment of a specific size on holidays and weekends is made when registering labor relations.
Online calculator for personnel officers
In order to correctly make calculations and draw up schedules in the timesheet for calculating the working period, we have created online calculator. Easy to use and designed to help everyone, the online calculator can be found on the Internet. You can use this calculator online or download it.
Before calculating the standard working time, you need to decide on the billing period. The most difficult thing is to calculate for the year, since you need to take into account all public holidays and weekend transfers. And if employees work on a shift schedule, then in addition to the norm, the number of overtime hours must be determined.
general information
Information on working hours is contained in Article 91 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. This period refers to the period of time when a person performs labor functions. By law, the standard duration of this time is 40 hours per week. In practice, such working hours are rarely used.
Firstly, in many enterprises manufacturing process it is impossible to stop, so the work schedule there is shifting. Secondly, some categories of employees cannot work for such an amount of time, since by law they are entitled to a reduction in labor standards. These are minors, people with disabilities, etc.
However, the rules for calculating working hours stipulate that a 40-hour working week should be taken as a basis.
Calculation for a month
Determining labor standards allows employers to correctly set work schedules, keep records of hours worked, pay wages and distribute vacations. Knowing how to correctly calculate the standard working time, you can easily determine how many hours an employee must work. One calendar month is often taken as the billing period.
Working hours are calculated as follows:
- First you need to find out how many working days there are in the selected accounting period, and how many weekends, holidays, etc.
- Next, the number of working hours per day is calculated. At the same time, do not forget that the normal length of a working week is 40 hours. This means you calculate the number of hours per working day. Example: 40/5=8.
- The number of days in a month when a subordinate works must be multiplied by 8 hours.
An example of such a calculation could be as follows:
- Let's say there are 21 working days in June.
- The authorized employee must determine the standards by which the personnel will work.
- For this, the time standard will be calculated using the following formula: 21*8=168 hours. This is exactly how much each subordinate must work on average.
Read also Features and procedure for calculating personal income tax from wages
Quarterly calculation
It is also important to know how to calculate the standard working hours for a quarter, that is, for three months. The standard working day is 8 hours. All calculations are carried out very simply. First you need to determine what the labor norm is in each month.
Calculation example:
- Let's assume that there are 168 work hours in July. It remains to calculate the amount of time only for the next 2 months.
- There are also 168 working hours in August, and 160 in September.
- This means that the norm for the quarter is as follows: 168+160+168=496 hours.
If necessary, a similar calculation can be carried out for each quarter. Most often, company management uses the definition of the norm on a quarterly basis.
Calculation for a year
Labor rationing is an important procedure that allows you to determine the number of hours that employees are required to work. When making calculations, the calendar year is often used as the accounting period. Hours are calculated in two ways. You can use the method that is used to calculate the quarter. You just need to determine the amount of the working period for all 12 months.
Another procedure for determining the norm was established by order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation No. 588n. The calculation is carried out using the formula: 40/5*number of working days per year. After this, from the resulting number you should subtract the number of hours that the employees did not work. We are talking about reductions before the holidays.
When determining the norm for 2019 according to the billing period, the following nuances should be taken into account:
- Sunday must be counted as a day off. And it doesn’t matter how many days of rest a subordinate actually has per week - 2 or 1. For some categories of subordinates, it is possible to transfer the day of rest to another date.
- Don't forget about official holidays, which are not used in calculations.
- When a holiday falls on a day of rest, the day off is postponed. These rules do not need to be used only when calculating labor standards for January.
- The length of the working day before a holiday is always reduced by 1 hour.
When making calculations, you must follow these rules, otherwise the final number of hours will be incorrect.
Read also Correct calculation of maternity leave
Shift work
When determining standards, the standard number of days of labor per week is used. But not all employers can afford such a working regime. Therefore, the standard working time during a shift schedule has to be calculated a little differently. This is the so-called summation, when the total number of hours worked is determined.
But their number during the accounting period should not exceed the established norm. That is, all hours that were worked in excess of the norm are additional or overtime. As an example, you can use the following data: in a calendar month, the employee worked 175 hours against the norm of 160 hours. Therefore, 15 of them are counted as additional.
Summarized accounting at an enterprise is established according to the following rules:
- The duration of the billing period is determined. The standard ones are used - month, quarter, year.
- A specific schedule is established according to which the employee works.
The accounting period can be anything in length, but not more than one calendar year. There are special restrictions that prevent a large number of overtime hours. For example, there cannot be a 4-hour overtime for 2 days in a row. And per year - no more than 120 hours.
Cumulative accounting implies that wages are paid based on hours worked. Most often, different tariffs are used. Example: a person’s hourly rate is 100 rubles. This means that for a 10-hour shift he receives 1 thousand rubles. If we take into account that he works 50 hours a week, then his earnings will be 5 thousand rubles.
Types of charts
The length of the working day most often depends on production needs. Therefore, it is rare that employers can provide their staff with a standard 5-day period. The most commonly used modes are:
- 24 hour shift with several days off.
- Work shift with 10 or 12 hours of work. Then the staff has more days off than planned.
- Shift is 12 hours, with alternating day and night shifts.
Help: these are not all the modes you encounter able-bodied citizens. But, based on the specifics of some professions, a regular 8-hour shift may be disadvantageous for both management and the subordinates themselves.
Production calendar
In order for managers to correctly calculate labor standards, there is a special document. This is the so-called production calendar, which takes into account all working days, as well as rest days, including holidays. This document is not normative act, therefore has no legal force.
One of the tasks that a user may face while working in Excel is adding time. For example, this question may arise when compiling a working time balance program. The difficulties arise from the fact that time is not measured in the decimal system that is familiar to us, in which Excel works by default. Let's find out how to summarize time in this application.
In order to perform the time summation procedure, first of all, all cells that take part in this operation must have a time format. If this is not the case, then they need to be formatted accordingly. The current cell format can be viewed after selecting them in the tab "Home" in a special formatting field on the ribbon in the toolbox "Number".
Method 1: clock reading after a period of time
First of all, let's look at how to calculate what time a clock will read after a certain period of time, expressed in hours, minutes and seconds. In our specific example, we need to find out what time the clock will be in 1 hour, 45 minutes and 51 seconds, if the time is now set to 13:26:06.
Attention! Applying this method, you can find out what time the clock will show after a certain amount of time only within one day. In order to be able to “jump” over the daily line and know what time the clock will show at the same time, when formatting cells, be sure to select the format type with an asterisk, as in the image below.
Method 2: Using a function
An alternative to the previous method is to use the function SUM.
Method 3: total time addition
But more often in practice it is not necessary to determine the clock reading after a certain time, but to add up the total amount of time. For example, this is required to determine the total number of hours worked. For these purposes, you can use one of the two previously described methods: simple addition or using the function SUM. But, in this case, it is much more convenient to use a tool such as autosum.
As you can see, there are two types of time addition in Excel: total time addition and calculating the position of the clock after a certain period. There are several ways to solve each of these problems. The user himself must decide which option is best for him personally for a particular case.
The tool calculates the amount of time between two specified intervals. You can specify a time interval and find out how many hours, minutes or seconds have passed. If you specify the start and end date, you can find out how many years, months and days have passed. For convenience, two results are displayed, the total amount of time and each value separately.
Online time interval
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Without JavaScript enabled feature Time interval work will not.
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- Total days and hours
- 0 years 0 months 0 days
- 0 hours 0 minutes 0 seconds
- Everything separately
- Just 0 seconds
- Just 0 minutes
- Total 0 hours
- Total 0 days
- Total 0 months
- Total 0 years
Help. Below is a description of the tool indicating the required format for entering the time or date in order to calculate the required time interval.
Interval input format
The first field usually contains the initial value of the time period, and the second field final value. If the second field is empty, then it automatically takes the value of the current time and date. If negative values appear during interval calculation, this means that the initial value of the time interval is less than the final value, or an error was made when entering the date or time.
Time input format
Time input format hh:mm:ss. The separator character for writing time is a colon (" : "). You can enter hours and minutes without seconds, for example: 12:35 . Full input format: 10:01:32 .
Date input format
Date input format YYYY-MM-DD. The separator character for writing a date is a dash (" - "). Full date input format: 2019-01-15 .
Combined date and time input format
Combined date and time format YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss. The separator character between date and time is a space (" "). Full format for entering date and time: 2019-01-15 10:01:32 .
Examples of entering date and time
To view examples of entering date and time, click the link above the interval entry field Example 1 or Example 2.
Calculation results
The result of the calculation is a time interval, the duration of which is calculated by time and number of days. A total of two results are displayed. The first result displays the total duration of the time interval. The second result displays separately the duration for each time unit, separately the number of minutes, the number of hours, etc.
Therefore, hours exceeding the norm will be considered overtime, and their number will be determined at the end of the accounting period. Here it is more convenient to choose a period for accounting equal to one year. Then the processing will be compensated by the shortfall. Calculation for part-time pay In a normal working week (40 hours), the calculation is made as follows:
- If 0.75 of the rate is taken into account, then 40 * 0.75 = 30 hours per week. For a five-day period, divide 30 by 5, and it turns out that the daily norm is 6 hours. To calculate the number of hours per month, you need 30: 5 * (number of working days in calendar month). For example, in February 2017 there are 20 working days. So 30: 5 * 20 = 120 hours.
- 0.25 rate: 40 * 0.25 = 10 hours. It must be taken into account that work time can be distributed either 5 days for 2 hours, or 2 days for 5 hours. Next, we also take February: divide 10 by 5 and multiply by 20.
How to correctly calculate employee working hours?
B, allowing overtime that does not exceed the established limits: for each member of the work team, more than 120 hours cannot be overworked during the year, and over 2 days in a row - more than 4 hours (Article 99 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). If it is not possible to create a schedule without processing included in it, this means that the organization does not have enough personnel and it should increase the number of personnel.
Overtime payment standards Labor legislation provides for special regulations for calculating labor remuneration for overtime:
- for the first two hours overtime, pay time and a half;
- for subsequent hours – double the hourly rate (for hourly pricing);
- additional payment in the amount of one more corresponding hourly rate (for piecework payment).
REMEMBER! It is impossible to compensate for overtime in one accounting period with a shortage of working hours in the next.
Working time standards and their calculation
You should monitor the working conditions in the organization and strive to improve them, for example, provide staff with special clothing in winter, monitor the condition of equipment, and take measures to ensure fire safety.
- It is more cost-effective for an organization to split an employee’s vacation period into parts throughout the year (for example, vacation twice a year for 14 days). In this way, massive shortages of labor resources in certain months and loss of profits can be avoided.
- For companies related to the service sector or sales, it is effective to implement a verification system using secret visitors or secret shoppers.
This form of verification allows you to see all the shortcomings in customer service, and also allows you to control the employee’s time spent. - Carrying out open checks(methods of PDF, timing, phototiming) should be as correct as possible.
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Important
Download the Labor Code of the Russian Federation When working in such a schedule, the norm of 40 is not met, therefore, those hours that exceed the norm are considered overtime. The number of such hours is determined after the end of the accounting period, which must be one year.
Attention
In this case, the overworked time will be compensated for by the unworked time. Time sheet for recording and use of working time The actual hours worked by an employee of the organization are subject to accounting, which is determined by the Ministry of Finance.
The time sheet contains indicators of hours worked and registered deviations from the standard use of the Russian Federation, such as vacation or sick leave. These variances are used to calculate payroll in the company.
The organization's accounting sheet must be updated every month by authorized persons who are assigned to perform these duties.
Time calculator
Non-standardized costs r.v. Deciphering the PP + Preparatory and final actions - preparing the equipment and the employee himself to perform production actions. OP + Operational work OBS + Maintenance of the place of work OTL + Rest POT + Lost time due to the fault of the NTD organization + Lost time due to the fault of the employee
- Timing is a method of selective observation.
Info
The report indicates the time spent on a specific operation. The difference between the timing method and working time photography is that the actions on the observation sheet are not indicated in direct sequence, but more attention is paid to the time spent on cyclic actions.
For example, let’s take a sheet of timekeeping for the working hours of a promoter conducting a promotion in mall. Date Action Index Duration, min. % of working time 08/21/2017 1).
Replenishment of stocks at the promotional counter 2).Procedure for calculating lost working time
The main difficulties in drawing up a schedule Organizing a summary accounting schedule is a rather painstaking procedure. Compilers are faced with many difficulties during the planning process, which must be solved based on specific situations.
Let us consider the main difficulties that stand in the way of the RMS scheduler and outline possible ways overcoming them.- Setting up alternating shifts and days off. Depending on the length of the shift, such a number of hours of work may accumulate during the accounting year that will not meet the established annual norm.
This can happen if, for example, the norm for the year turns out to be odd, but the shift is designed for an even number. The solution may be to draw up a schedule with minimal shortcomings or adjust the work with additional days off.
Calculation of shift work schedule
How to calculate man-hours for statistics? Heads of organizations are required to indicate data on man-hours worked in the static observation form No. P-4 “Information on the number and wages workers”, approved by Rosstat order No. 498 dated October 26, 2015. It also approved the rules for filling it out. Formula for P-4, man-hours, calculation: CHH = CH1 + CH2 + ... + CHN, where: CHH is the number of man-hours worked; CHN is the number of hours worked by each specific employee.
They add up all the time worked by the employee on working days in the organization, as well as outside it. Extracurricular hours, work on business trips, and work in a combined position (at the same enterprise) are taken into account. Therefore, if an enterprise has employees who work full-time and part-time, separate calculations are carried out for them using a working time sheet.
Calculating headcount using a calculator from an HR practitioner
The basis for establishing such schedules is the reason “by contradiction” - when it is not possible to plan the regime in such a way that work week amounted to a fixed number of hours, provided for by regulations Art. 91-92 Labor Code of the Russian Federation:
- 24 – for youth under 16 years of age;
- 35 – for those with a disability group;
- 36 – for teachers and workers in hazardous industries;
- 39 – for doctors
- 40 hours is the standard duration.
A working week cannot include more than 40 hours. With RMS, shortcomings during one period can be compensated by processing in other time intervals, which in total reaches the result required by the standard. Summarized working time schedule (SWS) When introducing a SWS system at an enterprise, a work schedule is a mandatory document. FOR YOUR INFORMATION! Art.
How is summarized working time recording used?
No matter how labor hours are distributed over the course of a week, ten days, month, quarter, their total number for an accounting period that does not exceed a year must comply with the standards established by law. Let's consider the nuances regarding the schedule of such accounting, and also analyze how it will be implemented during a shift work schedule.
Let us touch upon the issues of calculating remuneration for labor using this accounting method, including in situations where there was overtime. Let us show how working hours are calculated when summing up using a specific example.
A special type of working time tracking is summarized. Summarized accounting is, in fact, a special working mode based on compliance with certain schedules (as a rule, these are “sliding” or shift schedules).
How to calculate man hours
How to calculate man-hours for a year? To obtain this indicator, it is necessary to add up all the hours worked by the employee on working days in the company and outside it. That is, the calculation includes labor time on work trips, overtime work, as well as work in a combined position in the same company. B is not taken into account when calculating:
- the period of illness of the employee specified in the sick leave certificate;
- vacation time for nursing mothers;
- the time when the employee did not work for reasons that did not depend on him;
- time annual leave worker;
- reduced working hours;
- the time when the employee improved his qualifications without being involved in the work process;
- time of employees' participation in strikes;
- other reasons for the employee’s absence from work.
The total amount consists of all man-hours for each employee.
- insufficient production of goods and services;
- the potential profit of the enterprise can be received in a smaller volume;
- loss of important clients;
- lack of motivation and motivation of staff
Elimination of lost working time It is advisable to carry out comprehensive measures, including:
- Monitoring compliance with labor discipline, introducing a system of fines for its violation (being late, being away from the workplace, conversations or phone calls not related to production issues, leaving work early, etc.) Implementation software for office employees, allowing to monitor the time spent by an employee viewing third-party sites and social networks
- Providing measures for uninterrupted operation production equipment - regular checking of the serviceability of mechanisms and the service life of components.
The most commonly used system of remuneration for actual time worked is:
- hourly tariff rates: the monthly amount paid is calculated based on the hours worked during each specific month;
- official salaries: a fixed amount is paid monthly if all shifts are worked in accordance with the planned schedule.
NOTE! With a salary system, the average salary for 1 hour of work will be different in one month or another, total amount“will run” only at the end of the accounting period. With hourly pricing, the cost per hour is always the same, since it is a fixed value, documented. It is possible to use piecework wages, when remuneration is calculated depending on the number of units of products produced or operations performed.
- Setting up alternating shifts and days off. Depending on the length of the shift, such a number of hours of work may accumulate during the accounting year that will not meet the established annual norm.
