Synonyms: benzidine test, feces occult blood.
Normally, feces are a soft and homogeneous mass, colored Brown color. With heavy internal bleeding external characteristics stools change completely. For example, if blood comes from the lower intestine (the area of the rectum and colon), then the feces will contain scarlet impurities and clots. If the upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, small intestine), then the excrement turns dense black (tarry stool).
With hidden internal bleeding, the color of the stool may not change, and it is almost impossible to visually detect blood impurities in them. In this case, a stool test for occult blood is prescribed.
A positive test reaction indicates diseases that provoke a violation of the integrity of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, as a result of which a small amount of blood is released into the lumen of the intestines or stomach. However, blood in feces can also appear when heavy bleeding from the gums, nasopharynx, and also as a result varicose veins veins of the esophagus, erosive esophagitis (damage to the esophageal mucosa), from hemorrhoids etc.
Indications
- Diagnosis of diseases that are accompanied by inflammation, damage or proliferation of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract:
- ulcer;
- gastritis;
- intestinal tuberculosis;
- Crohn's disease;
- colitis;
- polyps, etc.;
- Determination of the form of the disease (acute/chronic), stage and prognosis;
- Assessment and monitoring of the effectiveness of treatment;
- Monitoring the condition of patients with colon cancer (colorectal cancer).
On a note: stool occult blood analysis is of high diagnostic value for determining initial stages malignant processes in the large intestine, since this particular period of the disease is characterized by the presence of multiple hidden internal bleeding. Early detection of pathology makes it possible to prescribe appropriate treatment in a timely manner.
- Acute or dull pain in a stomach;
- Burning and itching during defecation;
- Frequent digestive disorders (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation);
- Regularly recurring heartburn (increased stomach acidity);
- False urge to defecate;
- Changes in the appearance, structure and smell of feces;
- Decreased appetite and rapid weight loss;
- Hyperthermia against the background of the above symptoms.
Interpretation of results
The norm for testing stool for occult blood is its absence, i.e. negative result.
Factors of influence
- Failure to comply with the prescribed diet and other medical recommendations;
- Colon polyps (false negative result in 20% of cases);
- Colorectal cancer (false negative result in 20% of cases);
- Other heavy internal bleeding (nose, gum, menstrual, etc.).
A fecal occult blood test demonstrates high reliability when repeated. But negative results do not exclude the presence of tumor, ulcerative or erosive processes in the patient. Therefore, the production accurate diagnosis should take into account other instrumental and laboratory studies.
The analysis is interpreted by a gastroenterologist, oncologist, surgeon, therapist, pediatrician, and general practitioner.
Preparing for analysis
3 days before the test, you must follow a special diet. From daily diet All products containing significant amounts of barium, bromine, iodine and iron are removed. This:
- meat and offal;
- fish and seafood, canned food, caviar;
- green and red vegetables and fruits, garden herbs;
- buckwheat porridge.
Also, fibrous and hard foods that can damage the mucous membrane should be removed from the menu. oral cavity and stomach:
- caramel candies;
- hard bakery products (crackers, dryers, etc.);
- seeds and nuts;
- unrefined cereals;
- bran, etc.
- On the eve of the procedure, it is prohibited to use laxatives, including rectal suppositories, or to cleanse the intestines with an enema.
- One day before - stop taking it medicines, affecting intestinal motility (pilocarpine, belladonna, etc.), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin, ibuprofen, ortofen, diclofenac, etc.).
- 3 days in advance - change toothbrush to another (with softer bristles) so as not to damage the oral mucosa and not provoke bleeding from the gums.
- A week in advance - stop taking iodine, bromine, bismuth, iron, ascorbic acid.
Important! A fecal occult blood test is usually prescribed before other studies (x-ray, ultrasound, fluorography, CT, MRI, rectal examination, etc.) or 2-3 days after them.
Rules for collecting biomaterial
In order to obtain reliable results, it is necessary to correctly collect the biomaterial.
- After emptying Bladder hygienic washing of the external genitalia and anal area is carried out using neutral (without fragrances) soap;
- After defecation, feces are collected in a special container with a lid. The volume of biomaterial required for research is 40 g. Required condition- samples should be taken from different areas of feces (3-4 points);
- After collection, the container with stool is sent to the laboratory for examination. Until dispatch, it is allowed to store the biomaterial in the refrigerator at a temperature of 4-6C, but not more than 8 hours.
Remember! Collection of stool for testing for occult blood is not carried out during and 3-5 days after the end of menstruation, as well as during exacerbation of hemorrhoids.
Other stool tests
Blood in the stool indicates various pathologies gastrointestinal tract. Sometimes it is visible to the naked eye, and some diseases are characterized by hidden hemorrhages. Therefore, for certain indications, a stool test for occult blood is prescribed. This test allows for early detection of serious diseases. At 50% positive reaction indicates a tumor lesion of the intestine. You need to take the test after special training, otherwise, regardless of the chosen determination method, the result will be unreliable.
Indications for stool occult blood testing
A number of diseases of the digestive tract can cause bleeding.Hidden hemorrhages from the gastrointestinal tract do not cause significant changes in the composition of the blood and do not lead to anemia. A stool occult blood test is necessary for early diagnosis such pathologies:
- , duodenal papilla;
- , injuring the intestinal mucosa;
- , thrombophlebitis of the spleen, accompanied by;
- Rendu-Osler disease;
- and etc.
IN mandatory screening test to detect hidden hemorrhages is prescribed in risk groups for oncological diseases intestines. It is recommended that the Hemakult test (a rapid test to detect hidden blood in the stool) be done annually for patients:
- over 50 years old (absolutely everyone);
- over 45 years of age (if there is a family history of colon cancer).
To take the test, you need to prepare, otherwise, instead of valuable diagnostic information, you will get a false positive or false negative result.
Preparing for the study
Hidden blood in the stool is found not only in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. This may be the result of nosebleeds or gum bleeding (due to vigorous brushing). In addition, the reagents used to detect hemorrhages react to hematin, and it can enter the stomach and intestines with food.
To avoid getting false positive result test, you need:
- 3 days before the study, stop eating meat products and fish. Green plants should also be excluded from the diet; they, like blood, catalyze the oxidation reaction of benzidine and guaiac resin and give a positive reaction.
- 3 days before the analysis, the possibility of even minor hemorrhages from the oral cavity and nose should be excluded. Teeth should be brushed extremely carefully. Avoid very hard foods (crackers), as they can damage the oral mucosa. Even minor bleeding will give a positive result. If it was, then it is better to reschedule the study.
- Women are not recommended to take the test 3 days before, during, or 3 days after their period.
- An analysis for the detection of occult blood in the stool precedes an x-ray, endoscopic examinations. After using these diagnostic methods there is a high probability of getting a false positive result.
Sometimes occult blood is not detected in the stool, even if it is there. This is due to incorrect material collection. To avoid getting a false negative analysis, it is necessary to collect material from different places in the stool.
A screening test for the presence of hidden hemorrhages is carried out 3 times (if the first time the result was negative). This is necessary, since bleeding does not always occur with tumors. In the early stages they may be absent or appear and then disappear.
The result of the analysis depends on the chosen determination method.
How to detect occult blood in stool
There are several methods for detecting blood in stool. Most of them involve the ability of hemoglobin to break down hydrogen peroxide, while changing the color of easily oxidized substances:
- benzidine;
- guaiac resin;
- phenolphthalein;
- pyramidon.
IN clinical practice resort to the following methods of identifying hidden hemorrhages:
- Gregersen's test. A thin layer of stool is placed on a glass slide. Add 2-3 drops of benzidine solution and hydrogen peroxide. A positive reaction is indicated by the appearance of a blue or greenish color. This reaction allows you to detect hidden bleeding with blood losses of more than 15 ml per day, but often gives a false positive result (especially if the patient did not adhere to a meat-free diet).
- Weber's test. Filter paper is placed on the glass slide. Feces are spread over it in a thin layer. Add 2-3 drops of ice acetic acid, freshly prepared tincture of guaiac resin, hydrogen peroxide. In the presence of blood, the color becomes blue-green and purple. A positive reaction occurs only when blood loss exceeds 30 ml per day.
- Express tests. Standard paper tests are used. A layer of feces is applied to strips impregnated with guaiac resin. Add 2-3 drops of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. If the color of the paper turns blue, then the reaction is positive.
- Radioisotope method. Cr51 is added to the patient's heparinized blood. In 30-60 minutes it penetrates red blood cells and combines with globin. Red blood cells labeled with radioactive chromium remain radioactive for 24 hours after administration of the composition to the patient. Then the presence of Cr51 in the stool is detected. Hidden hemorrhages are indicated by the degree of radioactivity of the stool. The method is expensive, time-consuming, but the most reliable.
All these methods reveal the presence of hidden bleeding. This is not enough for diagnosis. It is necessary to identify where exactly the blood gets into the stool.
How to determine the location of bleeding in hidden hemorrhages
If occult blood is detected in the stool, the patient is thoroughly examined to determine the source. gastrointestinal bleeding. To begin with, exclude bleeding from the nasopharynx and oral cavity. Consultation with a dermatologist is necessary. This will help identify syndromes characteristic of other diseases:
- Gardner (steatoma, osteoma, indicating vasculitis);
- Osler-Rendu-Weber (presence of telangiectasia);
- Peutz-Jeghers (characteristic of);
- symptoms .
If hemorrhages from the upper digestive tract are suspected, the contents of gastric juice are examined.
If there is a high probability of hemorrhages from the intestines, then the following is prescribed:
- anoscopy;
Be sure to examine the lymph nodes; if they are enlarged, there is a high probability of a malignant tumor.
A negative reaction to blood in the stool in the presence of other symptoms does not indicate the absence of pathology. The diagnosis is made taking into account the patient’s complaints, the results of physical and other studies.
Which doctor should I contact?
Analysis of stool for occult blood allows early detection of early forms of cancer and the presence of other pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. You can do it yourself using special paper tests. If symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases appear, it is better to consult a gastroenterologist. Whenever intestinal disorders- to the proctologist. They will recommend the optimal method for determining occult blood in the stool, and prescribe other studies necessary for an accurate diagnosis. Based on the results, treatment will be prescribed.
[02-001 ] Fecal occult blood test
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Fecal occult blood test is a stool test performed to detect hidden bleeding from the various departments gastrointestinal tract. It allows you to detect altered hemoglobin even in cases where the red blood cells themselves are not detected during microscopic examination of stool.
Synonyms Russian
Examination of feces for occult blood.
SynonymsEnglish
Occult blood test, fecal occult blood test.
Research method
Gregersen's test (benzidine test).
What biomaterial can be used for research?
How to properly prepare for research?
- Eliminate meat, fish, green vegetables, and tomatoes from the diet for 72 hours before the test.
- Avoid taking laxatives, introducing rectal suppositories, oils, limit the intake of medications that affect intestinal motility (belladonna, pilocarpine, etc.) and the color of stool (iron, bismuth, barium sulfate) for 72 hours before collecting stool.
- The study should be carried out before performing sigmoidoscopy and other diagnostic procedures in the intestines and stomach.
General information about the study
Analysis of feces for occult blood is an extremely important laboratory test in the diagnosis of hidden bleeding from various parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Such bleeding is one of the early symptoms a whole series serious illnesses Gastrointestinal tract, including oncological ones. With hidden bleeding, even long-term, it is very difficult to determine the presence of blood in the stool, both visually and microscopically, and most often simply impossible.
With heavy bleeding from various parts of the gastrointestinal tract, the blood changes so much appearance stool that its presence can often be determined visually. If the bleeding is from the lower intestines (colon, rectum), the blood will be scarlet in color, possibly in the form of clots or impurities. If the source of bleeding is in the upper gastrointestinal tract (part small intestine, esophagus, stomach), then the feces turn into black, “tarry” due to the interaction of blood and special enzymes produced in these parts of the gastrointestinal tract. As a rule, if there are visual signs of gastrointestinal bleeding, then the situation is acute and requires emergency measures (emergency care). However, with less pronounced violations of the integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosa, with the involvement of a small number of vessels in the process, the color and consistency of the stool do not change, but red blood cells in the stool will be visible during microscopic examination. If red blood cells are not visible microscopically, but there is a suspicion of hidden bleeding, then a stool test for occult blood is required. This study carried out by measuring the amount of changed hemoglobin (and not the red blood cells themselves).
A positive stool reaction to occult blood means that a person has diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that cause disruption of the integrity of the mucous membrane when a small amount of blood is released into the lumen of the stomach or intestines. This can occur with stomach or duodenal ulcers, nonspecific ulcers, Crohn's disease, polyps, and helminth infestations. Since tumors, primary and metastatic, cause damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa even if they are small in size, the study is used at the first stage of identifying gastrointestinal tumors. The determination of occult blood is especially important when diagnosing colon cancer, since it is with tumors in this part of the intestine that occult bleeding begins in the earliest stages.
Blood in the stool can also be detected during nosebleeds, bleeding from the gums and pharynx, in patients with varicose veins of the esophagus, erosive esophagitis, hemorrhoids and other diseases, so this must be taken into account when assessing the results of the analysis.
The reliability of the analysis is highest when it is repeated. Negative test results do not rule out possible availability a patient with erosive-ulcerative or tumor lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. It is important that the results should be assessed in conjunction with other instrumental and laboratory studies, since they themselves cannot be the only criterion for making a diagnosis.
Sometimes all stool tests for occult blood are mistakenly called the Gregersen test or Gregersen test, erroneously because the Gregersen test (benzidine test) is the most common, but not the only method for detecting occult blood in feces, urine, vomit, etc.
What is the research used for?
- For the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases accompanied by violations of the integrity of the mucous membrane (peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, primary and metastatic tumors of the esophagus, stomach, large and small intestines, duodenal papilla, intestinal tuberculosis, nonspecific ulcerative colitis, helminthiasis).
- To assess the degree of damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa.
- To assess the adequacy of therapy peptic ulcer stomach, UC, Crohn's disease, intestinal tuberculosis.
- To assess the severity of gastrointestinal disease and give its prognosis.
When is the study scheduled?
- For abdominal pain, heartburn,...
- With frequent pasty stools, false urges to bowel movements, weight loss, loss of appetite, increased body temperature.
- If gastrointestinal tumors are detected ( instrumental methods) to exclude hidden gastrointestinal bleeding.
- If helminths are detected, to assess damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa.
- If the patient has previously been diagnosed with a stomach ulcer (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, polyposis, intestinal tuberculosis).
What do the results mean?
Reference values: negative.
Reasons for the positive result:
- colorectal cancer,
- primary and metastatic tumors of the esophagus, stomach, intestines, duodenal papilla,
- peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum,
- nonspecific ulcerative colitis,
- intestinal tuberculosis,
- helminthiases that injure the intestinal wall,
- dilatation of the veins of the esophagus with cirrhosis of the liver and thrombophlebitis of the splenic vein,
- Rendu-Osler disease,
- erosive esophagitis,
- nosebleeds,
- stomatitis, periodontal disease,
- haemorrhoids.
Negative result not diagnostically significant.
Gastrointestinal bleeding can turn out very tragic if it is not detected in a timely manner. In the case of pronounced red stool, doctors have no doubt about the presence of internal pathological processes, but some diseases are almost asymptomatic.
And only the smallest particles of blood in the stool act as a sign of a disorder in the gastrointestinal tract. Conducting such a study requires compliance with a number of rules to exclude false results.
Types of stool occult blood tests
Damage to the digestive tract can be localized in both the upper and lower sections. If bleeding occurs in the stomach or duodenum, then the stool becomes dark red, and in the large intestine it becomes bright red.
But not every disorder causes such stool. Often, small ulcers and inflammations only bleed occasionally. There are known cases of tumor development, the only symptom of which is only a small admixture of hemoglobin in the stool.
Laboratory testing makes it possible to determine the presence of blood in the intestines. Analyzes are carried out in two ways:
- Gregersen method (benzidine test).
- Immunochemical method.
Gregersen method shows the presence of hemoglobin even at very low concentrations. This is both an advantage and a disadvantage of the analysis. In the presence of benzodine, the iron of the transport molecule is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide and turns blue.
The reaction occurs to hemoglobin, both human and foreign (contained in meat products). Therefore, to clarify the results, doctors often resort to the second method.
Immunochemical analysis kala is more accurate. It is based on the specific effect of antigens on antibodies characteristic of a particular person. The method is usually used when infectious diseases, but this does not affect the primary purpose of the study - determining blood in the stool.
And if it is additionally possible to establish the type of pathogenic microorganisms that provoked intestinal inflammation, diagnostic event may even be considered overfulfilled. The disadvantage of immunochemical analysis is its duration: only after 2 weeks do doctors make a diagnosis.
Fecal occult blood tests are not prescribed for no reason. Typically, the patient complains of abdominal pain or malaise. General indications to carry out the test are as follows:
- periodic or constant pain in a stomach;
- regular nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or heartburn;
- chronic bowel disorder;
- rapid loss of body weight for no apparent reason;
- to confirm the diagnosis (for ulcers, gastritis, etc.).
Essentially, the purpose of the analysis is to detect damage to the walls of the intestines and stomach. And if the doctor insists on a detailed study of stool, the patient should not refuse.
The test is carried out without any internal interventions, so it will not hurt. However high sensitivity reagents require special patient preparation.
Preparing for a stool occult blood test
Any research has an error. But in order for the results to be reliable, you must follow a diet before the analysis. First of all, you will have to give up meat and fish, because they contain hemoglobin.
The list of restrictions also includes iron-containing and all red foods (tomatoes, beets, etc.), which even color the stool healthy person. Diet is the key point, but doctors also name other requirements:
- Discontinue medications 1 week before the test.
- Ban on laxatives (including folk ones).
- The day before the test, you should not brush your teeth (there is a risk of damaging your gums and distorting the results).
- The analysis is carried out no earlier than 3 days after the x-ray examination.
- Enemas are excluded (emptying should be natural).
- Women get tested on days when they are not menstruating.
How to take feces correctly?
Not every person is able to observe such a prohibition as “you cannot eat.” Preparation for analysis requires mandatory fulfillment of this point, otherwise the result of the study will be very doubtful. But the process of collecting feces itself is also important:
- It is necessary to prepare a container (sold at the pharmacy).
- Feces are needed without any liquid (water, urine, etc.). To do this, it is allowed to lay oilcloth in the toilet.
- After emptying, take 3 pieces of feces with a teaspoon.
- Samples should be delivered to the laboratory within 3 hours.
A small amount of blood still enters the intestines - 1-2 ml. This is normal only if this volume is the daily limit.
Therefore, the analysis will always show the presence of blood in the stool, but can such a small amount be considered a sign of a disorder? No. Natural processes no one has canceled it, and doctors only take into account larger indicators.
False results
To obtain reliable results from a fecal occult blood test, preparation should not be ignored. And if you treat this process carelessly, the results are often false.
Moreover, both false negative and false positive. For example, doctors know for sure that a patient has polyps in the large intestine, but the analysis does not detect hemoglobin.
This is due to the fact that such neoplasms do not bleed constantly, but only periodically. But it would be foolish to deny the presence of polyps, especially if detected using an endoscope.
False positive result - also a common occurrence. If the patient has neglected the rules for preparing and collecting stool, then it is quite possible that the study will show the presence of high level hemoglobin in the absence of internal bleeding. The analysis is usually carried out using the Gregersen method, which is sensitive specifically to iron.
By eating only 1 apple the day before taking stool, a person will simply distort the results. In addition, blood can enter the intestines due to trauma to the gums with a toothbrush.
Thus, non-compliance with the rules will give doctors a reason to perform a colonoscopy, the essence of which is to insert a probe through the anus. It's better to be subjected to this unpleasant procedure not because of your own negligence!
What does a positive result mean?
Still, the analysis may show the presence of high levels of hemoglobin in the stool. In this case, a colonoscopy is prescribed to clarify the diagnosis, because there are many causes of bleeding:
- ulcer;
- inflammation in any departments;
- Crohn's disease;
- hemorrhoids;
- tuberculosis;
- intestinal fissure;
- good or malignant tumor(polyps, cancer, cyst, etc.).
Often blood enters the intestines from the mouth or nose. However, vascular damage in easily accessible areas of the body is easily determined by the appropriate doctors (dentist and otolaryngologist).
Conclusion
Fecal occult blood testing is an important diagnostic tool. Sometimes only hemoglobin impurities indicate pathological process in the intestines. And if violations are identified in a timely manner, then treatment will not be long in coming.
WITH general analyzes Almost everyone has encountered urine and blood, regardless of age and illness. What they are for, how to collect the material and where to put it next is also known. The coprogram, in turn, may already raise some questions, but with the explanation that this is an ordinary “stool analysis”, everything falls into place...
What does it mean? How does it relate to my sick stomach? What if they find it? Why is it hidden? So you can't see her? What if it’s visible?
Such a waterfall of questions can easily drive your doctor crazy. He will answer, of course. Or maybe he will reschedule the consultation until the day when the analysis is ready. But, during this time, due to lack of information, you can assign several more diagnoses to yourself.
So isn’t it better to familiarize yourself with this concept and learn the most important things about it?
This laboratory test, which allows you to diagnose internal bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Since the digestive organs may bleed chronically but not significantly, this test will help identify microscopic particles of blood in bowel movements.
The research itself should be approached more than responsibly, since its results are greatly influenced by the lack of preparation, namely the consumption of foods prohibited at this time. A false positive result will require additional or repeated tests. This means lost time and further progression of the disease.
Therefore, if your surgeon, oncologist or gastroenterologist has issued a referral for this test, under no circumstances should you hesitate.
Immunoassay
Involves the determination of hemoglobin in stool using immunochromatographic method. This is the only way to diagnose blood particles that the microscope cannot “see”. Moreover, they do not affect the color of stool (they can only slightly change its consistency). But their concentration is quite significant: more than 3 mg. for 1 year of stool.
Since the most common benzidine and guaiac tests, although informative, are true only if a strict algorithm is followed, doctors are increasingly turning to immunochemical tests.
The latter are especially sensitive to human hemoglobin and do not require special preparation (this includes diet). The only significant disadvantage is their “limitation”: they are aimed at identifying colon cancer.
Pathologies of the upper gastrointestinal tract, unfortunately, are not always amenable to diagnosis in this way. But cancerous tumors They determine “their” department with 98% accuracy.
Norm
Laboratory testing for the presence of occult blood in the masses is prescribed not only to those who suffer from chronic diseases gastrointestinal tract, and those who outwardly look absolutely healthy have no complaints, but previous tests confused his gastroenterologist.
In order to “decipher” the ready-made results of the analysis, you should at least be a little familiar with generally accepted standards. This is useful both for those for whom high indicators immediately cause panic, and for at least a little informed people who know what to expect at a doctor’s appointment.
The results of the examination depend on the reaction of the blood pigment to particles of latent hemoglobin, the intensity of which is measured in “+”:
- “+” - weakly positive reaction;
- “++”, “+++” - positive reaction;
- “++++” - the reaction is strongly positive.
If you look at the numbers, then normally there is 1 mg per 1 g of feces. hemoglobin (or 1 ml. blood). Permissible deviations should not exceed 2-3 mg. hemoglobin. Otherwise, the examination will need to be carried out at least once more.
It should not be overlooked that bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract is not always diagnosed the first time; the most sensitive tests are needed to determine it.
Positive result
Despite its information content and accuracy, a positive result of such an analysis does not always mean the presence of internal bleeding.
This is explained associated bleeding mouth and gums, nosebleeds, varicose veins digestive organs. And anal fissures, hemorrhoids and other similar diseases.
If you do not suffer from anything similar, and more than one test has shown the presence of occult blood, you should immediately consult a gastroenterologist or oncologist.
Weak positive result
This result will most likely be indicated in the conclusion as one plus sign.
Such a result will either not be noticed at all, or will be assigned additional research. It all depends on the patient’s condition, the absence or presence of complaints about the gastrointestinal tract and… his diet.
Yes, if on the eve of the analysis the doctor’s recommendations regarding diet were not followed, or other factors were not taken into account (for example, bleeding gums), the result of the analysis could well be weakly positive.
Negative analysis
This result may be false. This happens less often, but still occurs.
If a patient is bleeding in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, then the blood “from there” may well not have reached there. Hemoglobin particles tend to disintegrate during their “journey” through the body, never reaching the rectum. The final diagnosis will be made after additional tests.
Are additional ones also negative? Then you can be congratulated: your gastrointestinal tract is healthy.
Diet
The essence of the diet is a 3-day refusal of certain foods that can provoke false result analysis.
- meat;
- fish;
- fresh vegetables;
- legumes;
- offal;
- horseradish;
- blueberry.
Porridge, dairy and bakery products, eggs, and potatoes are allowed.
Be sure to take laxatives and other medications into account and temporarily discontinue them.
