Lyudmila Koshanskaya
Lesson summary “Hare. Graphic dictation: drawing by cells" ( preparatory group)
Subject « Hare»
Graphic dictation - drawing by cells»
(preparatory group)
Goals: Continue working on developing orientation on a sheet of paper in cell
(update spatial representation: up down,
right left.);
Tasks: Learn to draw straight lines of a certain length in a given
direction;
develop visual-spatial perception, fine
motor skills of the fingers, the ability to understand and accurately perform
instructions from an adult;
work on developing correct, clear and coherent speech;
intensify auditory perception and memory.
Equipment:
visual material: illustration of a hare, diagram of a hare
Handout: pencils, erasers, notebooks cell.
Progress of the lesson
I. Organizational moment.
Hello guys. Today we will draw by cells.
II. Setting goals.
Are you wondering what we'll be paint? It's a secret, but to find out, solve the riddle.
What kind of forest animal is this?
Stood up like a column under a pine tree?
And stands among the grass -
The ears are larger than the head.
(Hare)
That's right, that's hare.
Today we will learn draw a cow by cells.
III. Conversation. Looking at an illustration of a hare.
- Let's remember what we know about the hare.
– What animal is this? Why?
– Describe appearance hare
– What actions can he perform?
- Choose some kind words to call a hare?
– What is the name of a baby hare?
IV. Finger game.
“Get your hands ready, we’ll play a little, stretch our fingers.”
Once upon a time there were bunnies
On the edge of the forest.
(spread your arms in front of you, describing a circle)
Once upon a time there were bunnies
(show bunny ears on head)
In a gray hut.
(fold your arms above your head in a house shape)
Wash your ears
(run your hands over imaginary ears)
We washed our little paws.
(imitate hand washing)
Bunnies dressed up
(arms on sides, turn slightly in both directions, in a half squat)
We wore slippers.
(arms on your sides, alternately put your right and left legs forward)
V. Updating spatial representations (in the form of a finger game).
Hand to the right, into a fist,
Let's open it to the side.
Hand to the left, into a fist,
Let's open it to the side.
Hands up, in a fist,
Let's open it to the side.
Hands down, into a fist,
Let's open it to the side.
The game ends - (hands in front of the chest - movement "motor")
It's time for us to get down to business. (clench - unclench fingers)
VI. Landing before starting work
Sit up straight, legs together
Let's take the notebook at an angle.
Left hand in place
Right hand in place
You can start writing.
– Take a pencil in your hand and place it on the point that I gave you in advance. Let's start the drawing from this point. We listen carefully and complete the task.
VII. Dictation"Bunny"
Retreat 5 cells on the right and 3 on top, make a point. We will draw from this point. Draw 1 square to the right, 3 down, 2 right, 2 down, 1 left, 2 down, 3 right, 3 down, 1 left, 1 up, 1 left, 2 down, 1 right, 2 down, 2 right, 1 down, 6 left, 1 up, 1 left, 1 up, 1 right, 12 up.
VIII. Finishing drawing.
- See if you succeeded hare?
Do you like her?
I think it's missing some details. Draw the eyes.
Look what I got the hare. Do you like it? I'm very happy.
IX. Summing up
Did you like what we did today?
Did you get the drawing we did today?
What made the drawing happen?
(because they listened carefully and completed all the tasks)
Publications on the topic:
Decorative drawing based on Gorodets painting “Gorodets Fair” (preparatory group) Decorative drawing based on Gorodets painting “Gorodets Fair” (preparatory group) Purpose: To continue acquaintance with Gorodets.
Fragment of a lesson in the preparatory group “A round-the-world trip by cells” Fragment of a lesson in the preparatory group "A round the world trip in cells" Purpose: Development visual perception in older children.
Drawing “Imagine what a beautiful autumn leaf can become” preparatory group Objectives: - develop imagination, creativity; - form.
EMA: Wonderful, wonderful, wonderful, golden Khokhloma. OBJECTIVES: Educational goals: - to introduce the history of fishing, the features of Khokhloma painting;.
Lesson summary for FEMP preparatory group MBDOU No. 40 teacher Kolomiets Galina Aleksandrovna. "Theme Island Digital City". Improve children's ability to count from 1 to 10 and back.
Lesson notes. Drawing with a foam stick “Teddy bear”. Middle group Integration educational areas: « Speech development", "Social and communicative development", " Cognitive development", "Physical development".
Preparing a child for school is a long and obligatory process. Therefore, psychologists and pediatricians recommend starting a year before first grade, in kindergarten or at home. Because the baby needs to be prepared not only for mental and physical stress, but also moral. In general, how to educate, help to become more diligent, attentive and courageous.If you can still mentally prepare a child for big changes, by communicating with peers in the yard and kindergarten. You can teach your child to be more attentive, develop writing skills, and carefully complete certain tasks with the help of graphic dictations and drawing in cells. Today, this is an incredibly popular activity that has won the hearts of not only preschool children, but also teenagers. This is a way to teach your child writing, develop logic, abstract thinking, perseverance and painstakingness, as well as fine motor skills. With the help of this activity, the child develops coordination, stability and corrects the correctness of his movements, so to speak, “getting a steady hand,” which will undoubtedly help him in school, when writing dictations and notes in a short period of time.
What are graphic dictations? Imagine in front of you a sheet of paper with cells drawn on it. The task contains arrows (showing the direction) and numbers (showing the number of cells that need to be passed in the indicated direction). If you follow the signs accurately and carefully, draw a line in the right direction at the right distance, you get an image - a picture. In other words: graphic dictations are drawing in cells using the pointers in the task.
Such activities are recommended not only for children preschool age, in kindergartens, but for children under 12 years of age. After all, attentiveness and coordination of movements can be developed at an older age. An exciting activity is an entertaining leisure time not only for children, but also for adults. The recommended age for starting to draw graphic dictations is from 4 years. It is at this age that development begins fine motor skills, using drawing by cells.
Graphic dictations as an educational game are used in various places: at home, on additional classes, on vacation, at sea, in the country, and even in summer camp. It is important to interest children, and what will do this better than such an activity. After all, the end result will be an unknown picture, which can then be painted with pencils or felt-tip pens. By explaining this to your child, you don’t have to worry about his interest in this, not so much an activity as a game that develops his imagination.
So let's start execution. First of all, you need to prepare, namely, purchase a collection of graphic dictations. You can get them not only in specialized children's book stores, but also in stationery stores and second-hand bookstores. You can download them for free on some websites on the Internet (for example, on our website), you can also go to paid sites. The choice of such tasks is large; choose based on the age, gender and hobbies of the child. For kids just starting classes, it is best to choose graphic dictations (drawing by cells) with images of bunnies, cats, and dogs. For girls: princesses, flowers. But you can start with simple ones. geometric shapes: squares, triangles, prisms. This way you will immediately teach your child coordination of movements, improve hand motor skills, develop perseverance and attentiveness, and tell him about the names and types of geometric shapes. For boys, dictations with images of cars, animals, robots, castles, and funny people are suitable. The easiest graphic dictations, with simple figures and performed in one color - for beginners. More complex tasks - for older children. Choose graphic dictations on a topic that interests your child. If your child is into music, use drawings of musical instruments, treble clefs and notes.
If you have already practiced drawing with your child using squares, start adding variety to your activities. That is, at 5-6 years old, you can do dictations that help you develop even more. That is, buy drawings with those animals that the child has not yet seen and does not know what they look like. Use colors that the baby has not yet learned very well. Expand your child’s horizons in this way, let him increase and replenish his lexicon new words, teaches them, finds out where they can be used. The main thing is good mood, passion and positive attitude of the baby before completing any task. Under such conditions, studying will indeed be incredibly useful, fruitful and not stressful for the child.
After selecting graphic dictations, start preparing. Remember that the child must be praised for a job well done. Even if the picture doesn’t work out yet, you don’t need to constantly prompt, guide and compare with other children. It is necessary to guide and push a little in the right direction. To do this, first of all, you need to teach the child where to be left-hand side, where is the right one. Show where the top and bottom are on the piece of paper. This simple and simple knowledge will help you complete all graphic dictations with 100% accuracy.
Sit near a table with a flat and smooth surface so that the child can sit straight and correctly in the chair. Pay attention to the lighting. Advice: if you want to teach your child to school notebook, give him the opportunity to get used to it, learn to navigate, prepare graphic dictations on a sheet of paper, exactly like a school notebook. Now prepare a simple pencil and an eraser so that incorrect stripes can be easily removed and the same dictation can be continued again. Prepare yourself a pencil and eraser as well.
It is worth keeping an eye on the time so that the child does not get tired, so that his hands and eyes have a rest. Although if the child is not tired and wants to continue and finish the work now, there is no need to take away the dictation, the child will decide for himself when enough is enough.
There are time limits for working with graphic dictations
For children 5 years of age – maximum 15 minutes. For older children, up to 6 years old – a maximum of 20 minutes (from 15 minutes). For first-graders (6 or 7 years old) – maximum 30 minutes, minimum – 20 minutes.
Drawing by cells – great way teach your baby to use a pencil and pen. Teach how to hold it correctly, practice so that your fingers don’t get so tired from holding an object at school. This exercise will help you teach your baby to count correctly, since he will need to count the exact number of cells before starting the lesson.
And so: in front of you lies a graphic dictation task, a pencil. In front of the child is a squared piece of paper or a notebook, an eraser and a simple pencil. On the child’s sheet, with or without your help, a reference point is depicted in the indicated place. Explain that from this point lines begin to be drawn (right, left, down and up), in the direction and with the number of cells that you name. Now proceed, next to the named task, and they are indicated in a line, put a dot with a pencil so as not to forget where you finished the dictation, not to confuse the child and, of course, yourself. Watch what the child is doing. Tell me if the baby is confused about where the left and right sides are. Count together, if necessary, the number of cells.
For example, you have a figure, the most standard one is a house. Tell your child what kind of drawing you will end up with, or keep it a secret for even more interest. From the point you need:
1 → - 1 cell to the right
Dictate clearly; the child must perceive everything by ear. At the end of the work, look at how much the baby’s figures coincide with the given elements. If the baby made a mistake, find out together where exactly. Using an eraser, erase the extra lines, starting from the point of failure, and continue drawing. It is important to maintain the child’s good mood during the learning process.
Methodology “Graphic dictation” by D. B. Elkonin
(held December 200.. in 1st grade)
Goal: study of orientation in space, determination of the ability to listen carefully and accurately follow the instructions of an adult, correctly reproduce the given direction of the line.
To carry out the technique, children are given a notebook sheet in a box with four dots marked on it one below the other.
First, a preliminary explanation is given: “Now we will draw different patterns. We must try to make them beautiful and neat. To do this, you need to listen carefully to me, I will tell you how many cells and in which direction you should draw the line. Only the line that I say is drawn. The next line must begin where the previous one ends, without lifting the pencil from the paper.” After this, the researcher and the children find out where their right hand is, where left hand, show on the example how to draw lines to the right and left. Then the drawing of the training pattern begins.
“We begin to draw the first pattern. Place the pencil at the highest point. Attention! Draw a line: one cell down. Do not lift the pencil from the paper. Now one cell to the right. One cell up. One cell to the right. One cell down. One cell to the right. One cell up. One cell to the right. One cell down. Then continue drawing the pattern yourself.”
When dictating, there are quite long pauses. The child is given 1–1.5 minutes to independently continue the pattern. While performing the training pattern, the researcher helps the children correct their mistakes. In the future, such control is removed.
“Now place your pencil on the next point. Attention! One cell up. One cell to the right. One cell up. One cell to the right. One cell down. One cell to the right. One cell down. One cell to the right. Now continue to draw this pattern yourself.”
“Put your pencil on the next point. Attention! Three squares up. Two cells to the right. One cell down. One cell to the left (the word “left is highlighted in voice”). Two cells down. Two cells to the right. Three squares up. Two cells to the right. One cell down. One cell to the left. Two cells down. Two cells to the right. Three squares up. Now continue on your own."
“Now place the pencil on the lowest point. Attention! Three cells to the right. One cell up. One cell to the left. Two squares up. Three cells to the right. Two cells down. One cell to the left. One cell down. Three cells to the right. One cell up. One cell to the left. Two squares up. Now continue drawing the pattern yourself.”
Evaluation of results. The results of the training pattern are not evaluated. In the main patterns, dictation and independent drawing are assessed separately:
4 points – exact reproduction of the pattern (line unevenness, “dirt” are not taken into account);
3 points – reproduction containing an error in one line;
2 points – reproduction containing several errors;
1 point – reproduction in which there is only a similarity of individual elements with the pattern;
0 points – no similarity.
For independent completion of the task, the assessment is based on each scale. Thus, the child receives 2 marks for each pattern, ranging from 0 to 4 points. The final score for completing the dictation is derived from the summation of the minimum and maximum scores for completing 3 patterns (the average is not taken into account). The average score for independent work. The sum of these scores gives a final score, which can range from 0 to 16 points. In further analysis, only the final indicator is used, which is interpreted as follows:
0–3 points – low;
3–6 points – below average;
7–10 points – average;
11–13 points – above average;
14–16 points – high.
Diagnostic results (20 people)
1 point | 2 points | 3 points | 4 points | ||
Evaluation of results |
Preparing for school is a long stage in your child's development. You should start classes no earlier than a year before this moment. Teachers and parents have a huge choice of the most different exercises and math assignments to achieve this goal. Among them, graphic dictations on cells for preschoolers are of no small importance.
Fun or challenging?
For many children, such pictures in the cells in a notebook are interesting game and exciting entertainment. It is important for an adult not to turn this activity into a boring, tedious task, where the child is scolded for failures. And then the child will always be happy to study.
But many kids may have difficulties. Most often, they are due to the fact that the child has not yet mastered counting within 10, he confuses the concepts of “right-left”, “top-bottom”. In this case, adults need to help the baby not make mistakes, correct him, and praise him for a positive result.
Age at which you can start training
You can start drawing in boxes with your child as early as 4 years old. The first homework at this age should be easy. At first, you can complete the task with your child on a board or piece of paper so that he can see how to move. For beginners, drawing simple drawings is quite suitable geometric shapes. You can start with an image of a square, rectangle, or simple patterns. You can learn to move diagonally from drawings of a triangle, trapezoid, or rhombus.
At 5 years old, a child can easily draw simple pictures from dictation without visual support.. For example, you can invite him to draw a flower on paper. Also, a five-year-old preschooler can easily cope with drawing a house or an airplane.
For children 6-7 years old, tasks can begin to be complicated by drawing more lines diagonally. An example of such a task would be drawing a rocket.
Methodology for conducting the lesson
The lesson should begin with preparing the workplace and necessary materials . Drawings are made in a checkered notebook using a simple pencil. In order for the child to have the opportunity to correct the mistake, he will need an eraser that can be used to remove incorrectly drawn lines. An adult should prepare or print out instructions with a sample of how to complete the task. You don’t have to tell the child which drawing will be the goal of the graphic dictation. After correct execution, he will see the result on his sheet.
As a rule, the instructions offer digital symbols with arrows, such as 2, 3←. The numbers in this case indicate the number of cells by which it is necessary to move in a given direction. It is indicated by an arrow, which is drawn next to the number. So, in our example it should read: move 2 cells up, 3 cells to the left. They begin to move from a starting point, which for younger children the adult sets himself, and older preschoolers can already be asked to set it themselves.
Before starting a lesson for preschoolers, you need to repeat with them counting within 10, the concepts of “right-left”, “top-bottom”. You can ask the baby to show what it means to “move in right side, moving up, to the left of, moving down.”
Try to diversify the graphic dictation itself by including tongue twisters, tongue twisters, riddles, finger gymnastics, physical minutes, discussion of the results obtained and a conversation or story. It is advisable that everything included in the lesson be on the same topic as the drawing.
Before conducting a graphic dictation, instruct your child that he must try to draw straight, neat lines and be very careful when completing the task.
After the dictation is finished, be sure to praise the child for the result achieved, if necessary, together with him, find the place where he made a mistake and correct it. If the child has a desire, you can invite him to color the finished picture or shade it. If the child is not tired yet and wants to continue the lesson, then you can ask him to independently come up with a drawing according to the cells, and then together with him make a graphic dictation based on his figure.
Methods for conducting graphic dictations
You can conduct a graphic dictation in different ways.
- For those guys who are just starting to practice them, the simplest method is suitable - under the dictation of an adult. In this case, the teacher or parent dictates to the child how many cells and in what direction he needs to move.
An example of such a dictation is the “Dog” dictation. The task is completed by the child under the dictation of instructions from adults.
- The second way is to offer the child a piece of paper on which instructions for completing the task are written and a starting point is set from which the child needs to move. The child himself looks at the number of cells and the direction of movement.
As an example, look at the graphic dictation
- "Car"
- "Horse"
- "Ship"
- The third way is to draw by symmetry. In such dictations, the child is given a sheet on which half of the drawing is depicted and a line of symmetry is drawn. The child completes the drawing by symmetrically counting the required number of cells.
Here an adult draws half of the Christmas tree and draws a line of symmetry. Children are asked to complete the second half symmetrically.
- The fourth method is suitable for older children. Here the child is offered a sheet with a sample graphic dictation. The child must draw the same picture on his sheet as in the sample, independently counting the required number of cells and determining the direction in which he needs to move. Such dictations can be not only in the form of drawing lines along the cells, but also with completely coloring the required number of cells with colored pencils. As a result, the baby gets a colorful, beautiful picture in his notebook.
A simple option maybe a drawing of an “Elephant”. Offer your child only the finished image and set a point from which he needs to move.
In the same way, you can invite the child to draw a “Snake”, which is also easy to follow (the instructions should be removed, offering only the finished version) or “Squirrel”.
More difficult tasks are
And the following schemes will be even more difficult to implement:
Benefits of completing tasks
Positive results benefits from working with graphic dictations can be seen within 2-3 months if you regularly offer them to preschoolers, at least several times a week. There is even diagnostic technique D.B. Elkonin, which is called “Graphic Dictation”. Its purpose is to determine the level of development in older preschoolers of the prerequisites for educational activities. After all, they are the ones who provide good help in preparing the baby for school.
By performing graphic dictations, the baby prepares his hand for writing, reinforces the concepts of “right-left”, “up-down”, learns to navigate in space and on a notebook sheet, and consolidates counting within 10. Children learn to focus on what an adult says and understand him and work in accordance with the instructions he offers. Without this skill, school will be very difficult for them.
We invite you to watch a video of how a child writes graphic dictation in practice.
Graphic dictations contribute to the development of the ability to maintain attention on a specific task, develop spatial imagination, thinking, imagination, creativity, perseverance. The baby learns to coordinate his movements.
Drawing by cells helps to overcome such frequently occurring problems. initial period Many children have learning difficulties, such as undeveloped spelling vigilance and absent-mindedness. They also help to broaden the child’s horizons and increase his vocabulary. Children get acquainted with different ways images of objects on a sheet of paper.
Important points
Doing graphic dictation is an exciting game for a child. This is the leading activity for preschoolers. Adults who decide to work with a child should always remember this.
- Praise your child for a well-executed drawing.
- Don't scold your child for doing a job poorly.
- Help him find and fix the error.
- Do not rush your child during the drawing process.
- Do not rush to move on to more complex drawings, especially if the child still makes mistakes in simple ones.
- Encourage your child to take the initiative to compose such a dictation on his own.
- Allow him to color or shade finished work, but don't insist on it.
- Remember that children cannot study for long periods of time. For older preschoolers, the maximum duration of a lesson should be no more than 25-30 minutes.
- Don't insist on continuing to work if your child is tired.
- Keep your classes varied. Tell your child interesting stories about the depicted object.
- At first, help your baby by completing the task with him on your sheet or on the board, so that the child can see how and where to move and learn to count the cells in the right direction. Menu
The technique is intended for working with children over 4 years old.
Purpose: this technique is used to determine the level of development of the child’s voluntary sphere, study capabilities in the field of perceptual and motor organization of space, and study fine motor skills of the hands.
The material consists of 4 dictations, the first of which is training.
1. "We begin to draw the first pattern. Place the pencil at the highest point. Attention! Draw a line: one cell down. Do not lift the pencil from the paper, now one cell to the right. One cell up. One cell to the right. One cell down. One cell to the right "One cell up. One cell to the right. One cell down. Then continue to draw the same pattern yourself."
2. "Now place the pencil on the next point. Get ready! Attention! One cell up. One cell to the right. One cell up. One cell to the right. One cell down. One cell to the right. One cell down. One cell to the right. One cell up. One to the right. Now continue to draw the same pattern yourself."
3. "Attention! Three cells up. One cell to the right. Two cells down. One cell to the right. Two cells up. One to the right. Three cells down. One cell to the right. Two cells up. One cell to the right. Two cells down. One cell to the right. Three squares up. Now continue drawing this pattern yourself."
4. "Put the pencil on the lowest point. Attention! Three cells to the right. One cell up. One cell to the left (the word “left” is highlighted in a voice). Two cells up. Three cells to the right. Two cells down. One cell to the left (the word " "to the left" is again highlighted in the voice). One cell down. Three cells to the right. One cell up. One cell to the left. Two cells up. Now continue to draw this pattern yourself."
You are given one and a half to two minutes to complete each pattern independently. Total time The procedure usually takes about 15 minutes.
Analysis of results.
Error-free reproduction of the pattern - 4 points. For 1-2 mistakes they give 3 points. Behind larger number errors - 2 points. If there are more errors than correctly reproduced sections, then 1 point is given.
If there are no correctly reproduced sections, then 0 points are given. Three patterns (one training) are evaluated in this way. Based on the data obtained, the following execution levels are possible:
10-12 points - high;
6-9 points - average;
3-5 points - low;
0-2 points - very low.
