Biology presentation on blood. Functions and composition of blood

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Blood

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Blood. Blood composition. Plasma ( intercellular substance). Formed elements: erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets. Formed elements of blood. Red blood cells. Leukocytes. Platelets. Functions of blood: Regulation of homeostasis Transport Regulation of body temperature Protective Humoral regulation. The meaning of blood. "Breadwinner". "Regulator of activities." "Defender". "Air conditioner". "Keeper of the Foundations." An adult has 4-5 liters of blood. BLOOD COMPOSITION: Main function red blood cells and hemoglobin - transport of oxygen from the lungs to other organs. By adding oxygen, hemoglobin changes from bluish to scarlet. Immunity. Natural. - Blood.ppt

Blood lesson

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Lesson plan. Terminological warm-up “Finish the phrase” Lesson topic: Summing up. Saline. Platelets. Fibrinogen. Thrombus. Rh factor. Fibrin. Blood serum. Donor. Recipient. “Finish the sentence.” Option 1 When injured at the site, vessel damage accumulates and is destroyed……….. Blood plasma without fibrinogen is called………… The second blood group can be transfused to …………… The person to whom the blood is transfused is called……….. Option 2 When a blood clot forms, the soluble protein fibrinogen turns into……… In the fibrin network, blood cells get stuck and form……… In addition to the blood type, for successful transfusion, it is necessary to take into account……….. - Blood lesson.ppt

Blood grade 8

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Think! But millions of ships leave their harbors to sail again.” Basic concepts of the lesson: Plasma; Serum; Thrombus; Fibrin; Fibrinogen; Phagocytosis; Blood clotting; Hemoglobin molecule. Diagram of oxygen transfer by hemoglobin. Hb - hemoglobin hb+o2 hbo2 hbo2 hb+o2 hbco2 hb + CO2 hb + CO2 hbco2. Leukocytes. Phagocytosis is the process of absorption and digestion of microbes and other foreign substances by leukocytes. Mechnikov Ilya Ilyich 1845-1916 Quantitative composition of blood. Red blood cells; 1 cubic mm - 6000 - 8000 leukocytes; 1 cu. - Blood grade 8.ppt

Biology Blood

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What is blood

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What is blood? Leukocytes. Leukocytes are white and colorless cells that fight microorganisms and pathogens. Red blood cells. Red blood cells are red cells that carry oxygen and carbon dioxide. Platelets. - What is blood.pptx

Blood in the body

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Blood. Composition, structure, functions. What is blood? Blood composition. Who is more important? The leukocyte exclaimed! The platelet sighed... Blood is the mirror of the body. Everything is relative. Composition of the internal environment of the body. Testing. What is blood? In the red kingdom, a dispute once arose, who is more important? The leukocyte exclaimed. "I devour pathogenic microbes» -phagocytosis - absorption and digestion of microbes and foreign substances. The platelet sighed. Answer. 1.Red blood cells are involved. 2. Which blood function does plasma not perform? 3. The platelet performs the following functions: 4. The phenomenon of phagocytosis was discovered: - Blood in the body.ppt

Blood as the internal environment of the body

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Blood as a component of the internal environment of the body. Internal environment. Internal environment of the body. Human circulatory system. Blood plasma. Red blood cells. Characteristics of blood groups. Blood transfusion. Leukocytes. Platelets. Blood clotting. - Blood as the internal environment of the body.ppt

Blood Information

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Blood. Blood movement. Movement of blood through blood vessels. Explain the drawing. Blood flow speed. We conduct training. Reception at the emergency room. Type of bleeding. What is shown in the picture. Vaccine. Heart attack. - Information about blood.ppt

Human blood

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Presentation for a biology lesson on the topic: “Immunity”, grade 8. Ways of microorganisms and viruses entering the body. Aquatic Airborne With food In contact with animals and plants. Special mechanisms preventing the penetration of microbes. Natural immunity (innate) is developed as a result of past diseases and is inherited. Blood transfusion. 1638 - the ancient Greeks tried to save the soldiers. 1667 – a lamb blood transfusion was carried out to a sick young man. 1819 – eng. doctor J. Blundell - blood transfusion from person to person. 1832 - G. Wolf saved a woman dying after childbirth. - Human blood.ppt

Human blood

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Internal environment. 1- blood capillary 2 - tissue fluid 3 - lymphatic capillary 4 - cell. Blood: composition and meaning. Homeostasis. Carried out in the kidneys. Removal of waste products from the metabolic process - excretion. Carried out by exocrine organs - kidneys, lungs, sweat glands. Regulation of body temperature. Lowering temperature through sweating, various thermoregulatory reactions. Regulation of blood glucose levels. Mainly carried out by the liver, insulin and glucagon secreted by the pancreas. Regulation of homeostasis. Thermoregulation is another example of negative feedback. - Human blood.ppt

Blood composition

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Internal environment of the body. Lesson objectives. Blood. Tissue fluid. Lymph. Fig. 1 - Internal environment of the body. Homeostasis-. The property of living organisms to maintain the constancy of the internal environment of the body. Respiratory nutritional excretory thermoregulatory protective humoral. The meaning of blood. Blood composition. Fig. 2 - Blood composition. Plasma 60%. Shaped elements 40%. Red blood cells. Leukocytes. Thrombocytes, or blood platelets. Rice. 3 – Blood composition. Blood plasma. Not organic matter. Organic substances. Water. Mineral salts 0.9%. Squirrels. Glucose. Vitamins. Fatty substances. Decomposition products. - Blood composition.pps

Composition of human blood

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Composition and functions of blood. Blood. Blood volume. Blood composition. Plasma functions. Formed elements of blood. Red blood cells. Leukocytes. Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov. Platelets. Blood clotting. Blood clot formation. Laboratory work. Blood functions. Homework. - Composition of human blood.ppt

Composition and functions of blood

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The meaning of blood and its composition. Internal environment of the body. Internal environment. The term "internal environment". Homeostasis. Dictionary. Protective functions. Transport function. Blood clotting. The body's ability to eliminate antigens. Homeostatic function. Blood. Plasma. Blood plasma. Name. Red blood cells. Leukocytes. Composition and functions of blood. Phagocytosis. Platelets. Blood clotting. Benefits of human red blood cell. Blood of a frog. Human blood. Composition and functions of blood. The human red blood cell is different from the frog red blood cell. Homework. Composition and functions of blood. Internet resources used. - Composition and functions of blood.ppt

Physiology of blood

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Physiology of blood. Blood functions. Blood volume. Blood composition. Hematocrit number. Formed elements of blood. Red blood cells. Basic functions of red blood cells. Types of leukocytes. Functions of leukocytes. Leukocytes. Neutrophil leukocytes. Young neutrophil. Band neutrophil. Segmented neutrophil. Functions of neutrophils. Eosinophil. Functions of eosinophils. Basophil. Functions of basophils. Agranulocytes. Monocyte Functions of monocytes. Lymphocyte Functions of lymphocytes. Types of lymphocytes. T lymphocytes. Physiology of blood. B lymphocytes. Physiology of blood. Humoral immunity. Cellular immunity. Platelets. - Physiology of blood.ppt

Physiology of the blood system

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Physiology of the blood system. Concept of the blood system. Hematopoietic organs. Blood. Blood functions. Shaped elements. Plasma. Plasma proteins. Buffer systems blood. Protein buffer. Functions of red blood cells. Respiratory pigments. Structure of hemoglobin. Types of erythrocyte hemolysis. Osmotic resistance of erythrocytes. Hematocrit Erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Functions of leukocytes. The number of leukocytes and their changes. Causes of physiological leukocytosis. Leukocytopoiesis. Regulation of leukopoiesis. Functional Features neutrophils. Functional features of eosinophils. Functional features of basophilic granulocytes. - Physiology of the blood system.ppt

Blood pressure

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Blood pressure. Arterial pressure. Blood pressure is one of the most important parameters characterizing work circulatory system. In the same way, the pressure in the large veins and in the right atrium differs slightly. Measurement procedure blood pressure. Blood pressure is the easiest to measure. - Blood pressure.ppt

Blood pressure in vessels

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Blood pressure in vessels. Blood pressure. Aortic pressure. Vessel. Low blood pressure. Blood pressure in veins. Circulating blood volume. Maximum blood pressure. Self-regulation blood pressure. Blood pressure. Self-regulation mechanism. Pulse. Arterial pulse. Pressure measurement. Working with a notebook. Repetition. Leather. Sound wave. Lactic acid. - Blood pressure in vessels.ppt

Arterial pressure

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Arterial pressure. Blood pressure measurement. Questions educational topic. Objective of the project. Research methods. Atmosphere pressure. The division price of an aneroid barometer. Experiment. What is blood pressure? Measurement methods. Blood pressure monitoring. Tatiana. What affects blood pressure. Blood pressure indicators. Sources. THANK YOU. - Blood pressure.ppt

Blood type

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"Four blood groups - four dossiers on humanity." Goal: Objectives: Theoretically substantiate a person’s belonging to four blood groups. O.E. Mandelstam. Where did that come from?! Blood map. The voice of the ancestors. Blood groups and diseases. The oldest is Group I (00). II (AO, AA) appeared later, presumably in the Middle East. The menu and living conditions have changed - that’s what happened genetic mutation. III group(VV, VO) originated in Central Asia. IV (AB) - the youngest. It appeared only maybe one or two thousand years ago. Obviously, as a result of the sexual activity of nomads. - Blood type.ppt

Blood and blood types

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Blood groups. Vocabulary work. Blood and blood groups. Problem. The science of blood types. Blood transfusion. Human blood group. Blood groups based on protein content. Genetic fingerprints. Scheme of the express method. Scheme of the express method for determining blood group. Blood transfusion scheme. Transfusion. Owner distribution map. Donation. Valuable medicine. World Blood Donor Day. A capable citizen. Voluntary act. Blood donor. Full dose. Life saved. Factor. Rh factor. Rhesus conflict. Tasks. Blood groups modern world. History of the evolution of blood groups. - Blood and blood groups.pptx

Human blood groups

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Blood groups in the modern world. Introduction. History of the evolution of blood groups. Blood group III belongs to the “nomads”. Finally, the youngest is blood group IV. Blood type and character. One of the studies of Russian scientists: Group I. They strive to be a leader and are goal-oriented. They know how to choose the direction to move forward. They believe in themselves and are not devoid of emotion. Group II. They love harmony, calm and order. Work well with other people. III group. Easily adapts to everything, flexible, does not suffer from a lack of imagination. IV group. Blood type and food preferences. - Human blood groups.ppt

Blood donation

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Scientific directions. Donation of plasma, blood cells and bone marrow. Factors negatively affecting the state of the donor movement. Changing the structure of donor personnel. Main questions of the questionnaire (1423 questionnaires were analyzed, including 39 questions). Age composition of donors. Social composition of donors. Regularity of participation in donation. Prevalence bad habits among donors. Donors' assessment of their nutrition. Motives that prompted you to become a donor (%). Reasons preventing participation in donation. Administration's attitude towards donation. The effectiveness of donation promotion. Conclusions based on the results of a sociological survey. - Blood donation.ppt

Blood transfusion

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Blood transfusion. Story. 1628 - English physician William Harvey makes a discovery about blood circulation in the human body. But in the next ten years, transfusions from animals to people were prohibited by law due to severe negative reactions. 1818 - James Blundell, a British obstetrician, performs the first successful human blood transfusion on a patient with postpartum hemorrhage. From 1825 to 1830, Blundell performed 10 transfusions, five of which helped patients. Blundell published his results and also invented the first convenient instruments for drawing and transfusing blood. - Blood transfusion.ppt

First aid for bleeding

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Types of bleeding. First aid for bleeding. Capillary For small cuts; blood slowly oozes from the wound. Venous Blood is dark cherry in color. It flows from the wound like a stream. Arterial Blood bright scarlet color. It shoots out like a fountain from the wound. First aid for capillary bleeding. Disinfect the wound. Apply a sterile bandage. First aid for venous bleeding. Disinfect the skin around the wound. Apply sterile pressure bandage. Give painkillers Take to hospital. First aid for arterial bleeding. Rules for applying a tourniquet. Fabric must be placed under the tourniquet. -

• Composition and functions of blood. Blood plasma.
• Red blood cells.
• Blood clotting.
• Leukocytes.
• Immunity.

Composition and functions of blood.

IN THE BODY OF AN ADULT HUMAN

THERE IS ABOUT 5 LITERS OF BLOOD

IN AND. BLOOD IS ONE OF THE TYPES OF SOI-

DINING TISSUE OF THE ORGANISM. OS-

THE NEW PART OF IT IS THE LIQUID

SOME INTERCELLULAR SUBSTANCE- PLAZ-

THERE ARE BLOOD CELLS IN THE PLASMA –

erythrocytes and leukocytes AND BLOOD-

PLATES – PLATELETS, KO-

WHICH ARE FORMED FROM RED CELLS

BONE MARROW. THEIR MATURATION,

ACCUMULATION AND DESTRUCTION HAPPENED

DIT IN OTHER ORGANS.

Blood functions

• Transport function.
• Protective function.
• Implemented humoral regulation body.

• Erythrocytes are red blood cells.

Duration

The life of an erythrocyte is about four months.

Therefore human blood

constantly updated with new ones

red blood cells.

• When blood vessels are injured, blood clots

melts, forming a clot - a thrombus,

preventing the flow of blood.

The basis of the thrombus is fibrous

fibrin, a fibrin protein formed

from protein dissolved in plasma –

fibrinogen.

LEUKOCYTES.

• Leukocytes are

colorless blood cells. They all have kernels.

In 1 cu. mm of blood contains 6-8 thousand. leukocytes.

Immunity.

• Immunity is one defense mechanism. The immune system protects the body

from infectious diseases.

TYPES OF IMMUNITY:

• INNATE IMMUNITY.
• ACQUIRED IMMUNITY.
• NATURAL IMMUNITY.
• ARTIFICIAL IMMUNITY.

Mechnikov Ilya Ilyich (1845-1916)

• OUTSTANDING RUSSIAN SCIENTIST,

MADE A GREAT CONTRIBUTION TO VARIOUS

BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY. HONORABLE

MEMBER OF ST. PETERSBURG ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATE.

IN 1883 HE uttered the famous

WE'RE SPEAKING ABOUT THE HEALING POWERS OF THE ORGANISM,

IN WHICH THE PHAGOCYTE-

THEORY OF IMMUNITY.

PASTER LOUIS (1822-1895)

• FRENCH SCIENTIST, WORKS OF CO-

WHO LAID THE BEGINNING OF DEVELOPMENT

TIYU MICROBIOLOGY AS SELF-

FIRE SCIENCE. MEMBER SINCE 1962

PARIS ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, LAURE-

AT NOBEL PRIZE.

IN 1879, RESEARCHING MICROBES KU-

RINA CHOLERA, DISCOVERED THAT

INTRODUCTION OF WEAKENED MICROBES

CHICKENS DO NOT CAUSE THEIR DEATH AND IN

THE SAME TIME MAKES THEM PERFECT

BUT IMPERSPECTIVE TO THIS

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

• WHAT IS BLOOD.
• NAME THE FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD.
• TELL US ABOUT THE COMPOSITION OF BLOOD.
• WHAT IS A THROMBUS.
• WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF ERYTHROCYTES.
• WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF LEUKOCYTES.
• WHAT IS IMMUNITY.
• WHO DISCOVERED IMMUNITY.

What it is?

Blood is the internal environment of the body formed by liquid connective tissue. Consists of plasma and formed elements: leukocyte cells and postcellular structures (erythrocytes and platelets). It circulates through the vascular system under the influence of the force of the rhythmically contracting heart.

On average, the mass fraction of blood to the total body weight of a person is 6.5-7%. In vertebrates, blood has a red color (from pale to dark red), which is given to it by hemoglobin contained in red blood cells.

Since time immemorial, people have understood what important for the body has blood. Repeatedly they had to see that a wounded animal or person who had lost a lot of blood died. These observations led people to believe that the life force lies in the blood. For many centuries, the true significance of blood for the body remained a mystery, although scientists began to study the process of blood circulation from ancient times. At first they had to hide their research, because bold attempts to reveal the secrets of nature were severely punished by the omnipotent church in those days. But the dark Middle Ages have passed. The Renaissance came, freeing science from church oppression. The 17th century gave humanity two remarkable discoveries: the Englishman W. Harvey discovered the law of blood circulation, and the Dutchman A. Leeuwenhoek created a microscope that made it possible to study the structure of all tissues human body and the cellular composition of the most amazing tissue - blood. At this time, the science of blood - hematology - arose.

In the 17th century, an Italian physiologist M. Malpighi For the first time he saw blood circulation in capillaries under a microscope and called them hair vessels.

By the 60s of the 19th century, French scientists J. Poiseuilleme and German scientists K. Ludwig the mechanics of blood movement was studied as the movement of fluid in a system of tubes, and the French scientist E. Mareyem - dynamics of heart activity.

In 1865, the Russian scientist V. Sutygin first conducted laboratory research on blood conservation and revival of exsanguinated dogs by transfusion of non-clotting blood stored for seven days. Today, doctors widely use the method of storing blood in canned form and using it later if necessary.

Interesting Facts.

An adult’s heart pumps about 10 thousand liters of blood per day! One heartbeat pushes about 130 milligrams of blood into the artery. And the total length blood vessels in the human body is about 100,000 km. From New York to Moscow – only 7500 km.

A kitchen faucet must be turned on at full pressure for 45 years to dispense an amount of water equal to the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one day. human life average duration.

In Japan, it is believed that a person's temperament and character depend on their blood type more than on their date of birth. Therefore, many people trust blood type characteristics more than horoscopes based on their zodiac sign.

The Armstrong limit is the altitude above sea level where the pressure drops to such an extent that the blood in human body boils (19200 meters above sea level).

The pressure created by the human heart is enough to raise blood to the level of the 4th floor.

Interesting Facts.

Ice fish, or whitefish, live in Antarctic waters. This is the only species of vertebrate in which there are no red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood - therefore the blood of ice fish is colorless. Their metabolism is based only on oxygen dissolved directly in the blood. This structure of the circulatory system allowed whitebloods to exist in a habitat with temperatures below the freezing point of water.

Our blood is red because it contains iron as an oxygen carrier. Some spiders bleed of blue color, since they use copper instead of iron in their blood.

First blood transfusion. The first blood transfusion in Russia was performed on April 20, 1832 by St. Petersburg obstetrician Andrei Wolf. In the spring of 1832, an event occurred in the medical world of Russia that, oddly enough, went almost unnoticed at the time. Moreover, not only the date of this event was soon forgotten, but even the name of the person with whom it was associated. After a hundred or more years, the “culprit” began to be mentioned more and more often, calling him “obstetrician Wolf,” connecting him with the first and, by a lucky chance, successful blood transfusion in Russia. But no information was ever given about the name and patronymic of “obstetrician Wolf,” not to mention his life and works. In all textbooks and manuals, in all lectures on surgery and other disciplines dealing with blood transfusion, “Obstetrician Wolf” remained a kind of semi-legendary person. In one of the editions of the Great Medical Encyclopedia we read: “In 1832, G. Wolf transfused blood to a woman who was dying after childbirth...”. Stop! “Obstetrician Wolf” has already turned into “G. Wolf." Who is he? Gregory? George? Hermann? There was no such obstetrician Wolf in any encyclopedia or reference book. Well, similar cases have been observed more than once. A thorough review of St. Petersburg periodicals the first half of the last century, a careful study of the medical literature of this period, and most importantly, the finds of original documents resting peacefully in archival folders, made it possible to confirm the exact date the first blood transfusion in Russia, and also trace life path and the many years of useful activity of the wonderful Russian doctor Andrei Martynovich Wolf. Let me! But what about G. Wolf, who is mentioned by many authoritative publications, including Bolshaya medical encyclopedia? The letter “G” placed in front of Wolf’s surname is revealed very simply. In the majority official documents, in magazine and newspaper publications in the last century it was customary to use only the first letter “G” instead of the full address “Mr.” So the address “G. Wolf" was mistakenly taken by later researchers to be the beginning of a first and last name. Meanwhile, Wolf himself gave the key to revealing his true name in the once popular newspaper “S. - Petersburg Gazette”, signing the article published on April 18, 1846, “A. Wolf."

James Harrison was born in 1935. At the age of 13, he underwent major breast surgery and urgently needed about 13 liters of donated blood. After the operation he was in the hospital for three months. Realizing that donor blood saved his life, he promised to start donating blood as soon as he turned 18 years old.

As soon as he turned 18 and reached the required blood donation age, he immediately went to the Red Cross blood donation center. It was there that it turned out that James Harrison’s blood is unique in its own way, since its plasma contains special antibodies that can prevent Rh conflict between a pregnant mother and her fetus. Without these antibodies, Rh conflict leads to a minimum of anemia and jaundice of the child, and a maximum of stillbirth.

When James was told what exactly was found in his blood, he asked only one question. He asked how often you can donate blood.

Since then, every three weeks, James Harrison came to a medical center near his home and donated exactly 400 milliliters of blood. It is not difficult to calculate that by now he has already donated approximately 377 liters of blood.

In the 56 years since his first donation, he has donated blood and blood components nearly 1,000 times. This number is also a world record

Blood diseases.

1. Anemia.

In the vast majority of cases, a reduced concentration of hemoglobin in human blood is associated with iron deficiency in the body. This condition is called anemia, and according to official medical statistics it is diagnosed in almost 20 percent of the population.

The main causes of iron deficiency and subsequent anemia include significant blood loss that occurs during extensive operating rooms and nosebleeds; as well as with constant donation.

In addition to prolonged bleeding, accompanied by heavy blood loss, the causes of anemia can be acute and chronic diseases gastrointestinal tract, in which the function of iron absorption in the human body is disrupted.

Periods of increased body need for iron supplements are also accompanied by a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood.

The causes of anemia can definitely be attributed to long-term vegetarianism, poor nutrition, and strict adherence to starvation diets. All of the listed nutritional deficiencies and errors significantly increase the risk of developing anemia even in a completely healthy person.

Blood diseases.

2. Acute leukemia.

Leukemia is a disease with very diverse clinical symptoms. For a long time believed that acute leukemia- a disease with a sudden onset and course similar to “fulminant sepsis”. It is now firmly established that acute leukemia in most patients begins gradually and goes through three periods in its development: initial, full development of the disease and terminal. Each period is characterized by its own clinical and hematological features. The danger of leukemia lies in the fact that the uncontrolled proliferation of malignant cells in the bone marrow suppresses the formation of red blood cells, normal leukocytes and platelets, which leads to a decrease in their content in the blood; increased bleeding appears, the risk of severe infections increases and tumors may develop in various organs and fabrics.

How to avoid getting cancer.

Eliminate junk food

Quit smoking

Check for viruses

Strengthen your immunity

Don't accumulate negativity

Pay attention to yourself

“The internal environment of the body. Blood" 8th grade

Target: create conditions for the formation of knowledge about the internal environment of the body; introduce students to the composition of blood and the functions of its components; continue to develop the skills to compare, draw conclusions based on comparison; draw up tables, diagrams; show the connection between the material being studied and life; show the meaning of blood test like the most important indicator health.

Equipment: textbook (pp. 127-135), workbook, electronic supplement to the lesson “Internal environment of the body. Blood"; projector, computer, interactive whiteboard.

During the classes

1. Organizational moment.

2. Studying new material. (Slide No. 1)

▪ Introductory conversation.

- What is the environment?

- In what environment is our body located?

- In what environment do the cells of our body exist?

- So: the internal environment is liquid.

▪ Let's get acquainted with the definition of the internal environment of the body. Let's remember: what is homeostasis? (Slide No. 2)

- What components does the internal environment of our body consist of? Using the text of the textbook and the slide, students name the components of the internal environment. (Slide No. 3)

- Where are these components located?

1. Tissue fluid – between cells;

2. Lymph - in lymphatic vessels;

3. Blood – in blood vessels.

(animation on slide 2).

- Which component do you consider the most important? (students' answers).

- There is such an expression "Blood is the river of life" , how can you explain the meaning of this expression? (students' answers).

- Think about these facts:

1. A person wounded in the leg or arm dies from large loss of blood, even if everything internal organs safe and healthy.

2. Transfusion of blood from another person to a wounded person saves him from death. (Slide No. 4)

▪ During the conversation, students formulate the conclusion that blood is the most important fluid in the body.

- “Blood” and “Life” - synonymous words. Blood was animated and idolized. They swore their blood to brotherhood, friendship and love. There are such expressions as “Blood for blood”, “Blood brothers”.

▪ Watch a video of what human blood looks like under a microscope immediately after collection. (Slide No. 5)

▪ Using a video fragment, we will highlight what functions blood performs. (Slide No. 6)

▪ Students name the functions of blood, perform in workbook task No. 1 .

▪Checking the assignment on the slide. (Slide No. 7)

▪With the help of a reference note, students once again repeat and generalize the functions of blood. (Slide No. 8)

- Who knows how much blood is in the human body? (Slide No. 9)

- Blood performs many functions, which means its structure must be complex, what does blood consist of?

▪ Study of blood composition.

-When blood settles, or centrifuges, the blood is divided into layers. (Slide No. 10)

- Name the fractions into which blood is divided.

▪ Students draw up a diagram of “Blood Composition” (task No. 2 in the workbook) , checking the task by slide number 11.

- The first component is blood plasma.

Study of the composition of blood plasma. (Slide No. 12)

▪ Study of the formed elements of blood. Watch the video fragment “Blood Elements”. (Slide No. 13)

- So, the first formed element is red blood cells, erythrocytes. (Slide No. 15)

- Watch a video about how red blood cells move through blood vessels. (Slide No. 16)

- What allows red blood cells to move through blood vessels? Due to what property can they pass through the narrowest vessels? (student answers).

- Where are red blood cells formed? (Slide No. 17)

▪ During the conversation, students find out that the structure of red blood cells ideally matches the function they perform. (Slide No. 18)

- How do red blood cells attach oxygen to themselves?

▪ Introduction to hemoglobin. brief information about anemia and foods rich in iron.

(Slide No. 19)

- What do we call a bruise? How is it formed? (Slide number 20)

▪Afterwards, students are given a little more time and the results of filling out the table on red blood cells are checked.

- The next formed element of blood is leukocytes . Let's watch a short video about what leukocytes look like under a microscope. (Slide No. 21)

▪ Introduction to leukocytes, their structural features and functions . (Slide No. 22)

- Who can answer the question of where leukocytes are formed in our body? Watching a video clip. (Slide No. 23)

- So, we already know that the scope of action of leukocytes is protection, let’s see how this happens. (Slide No. 24)

▪ Introduction to the phenomenon of phagocytosis and the history of its discovery . (Slide No. 25, 26).

▪ Introduction to platelets, their structural features and functions. (Slide No. 27)

- Name the main function of platelets, let's see how this happens. (Slide No. 28-29)

- Now let’s try to restore the correct sequence of the blood clotting process using an interactive diagram (one student completes the task on interactive whiteboard, by dragging the labels, the rest help). (Slide number 30)

▪ Performing a short virtual laboratory work “Microscopic structure of blood” (Slide No. 31)

If your class has computers, all students can complete a similar lab using the website.

- How do you understand the expression “Blood is the mirror of health”? (students' answers).

The blood composition is important characteristic state of the body. Who has never had a blood test? What is a blood test? (Slide No. 32)

- Let's get acquainted with the norms of some indicators general analysis blood. (Slide No. 33)

▪ Students are then given some kind of blood test. Using normal values Some blood test indicators allow students to determine whether the patient whose blood test they examined is sick and what deviations from the norm were revealed.

- Look at the animation, what process are you observing? (students' answers) (Slide No. 35-36)

3. Lesson summary.

When conducting a lesson, it is not necessary to use all the proposed material. You can adapt it depending on conditions, time, you can use it partially.

The electronic application is demonstrated on an interactive whiteboard, which allows the teacher to concentrate students' attention while standing at the board rather than sitting at the computer. Laboratory work and simulators are also performed by students on an interactive whiteboard, which is more visual.

To use presentation previews, create an account for yourself ( account) Google and log in: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

Circulatory system The internal environment of the body. Blood

Internal environment of the body Blood Tissue fluid Lymph

Maintaining a relative constancy of the composition of the internal environment of the body is called homeostasis

The meaning of blood: The relationship of all organs in the body; Movement and distribution nutrients between organs; Ensuring gas exchange between cells and environment; Removal from the body harmful products exchange; Body protection (immunity); Thermoregulation

The human body contains approximately 5-6 liters of blood

Blood Plasma 60% Formed elements Erythrocytes Leukocytes Platelets

Inorganic substances Organic substances Water Mineral salts 0.9% Proteins Glucose Vitamins Hormones Decomposition products Fatty substances Blood plasma

Functions of blood plasma: Distribution of nutrients throughout the body; Removing harmful metabolic products from the body; Participation in blood clotting (fibrinogen protein)

BLOOD PLASMA Formed elements erythrocytes leukocytes PLATELETS

In the microscope eyepiece...

Red blood cells

Formed elements of blood Formed elements Quantity in 1 mm 3 Life expectancy Structure Where they are formed Functions Red blood cells 5 million. 120 days. A biconcave disc, covered with a membrane on the outside, containing hemoglobin inside, no nucleus. Red Bone marrow Transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Blood in a test tube

Movement of red blood cells

Effect of the salt composition of the medium on red blood cells 2.0% 0.9% 0.2% 2.0% - hypertonic solution 0.9% - saline solution 0.2% - hypotonic solution

Platelets

Formed elements of blood Formed elements Quantity In 1mm 3 Life expectancy Structure Where they are formed Functions Platelets 200-400 thousand. 8-10 days. Fragments of large bone marrow cells. Red bone marrow. Blood clotting.

The structure of a blood clot, fibrin threads, erythrocytes, leukocytes, serum

Conditions for blood clotting Injury of blood vessels Fibrin Fibrinogen Thromboplastin + Ca + O 2 Prothrombin Thrombin

Fibrinogen in the blood

Leukocytes

Formed elements of blood Formed elements Quantity In 1mm 3 Life expectancy Structure Where they are formed Functions Leukocytes 4-9 thousand. From several hours to 10 days. The shape is variable; they consist of a nucleus and cytoplasm. Red bone marrow. Protection.

LEUCOCYTES LYMPHOCYTES PHAGOCYTES B - cells T - cells Antibodies Special substances combine with bacteria and make them defenseless against phagocytes cause the death of bacteria and viruses Phagocytosis Immune reaction

Pinocytosis Phagocytosis

Pinocytosis is the absorption of liquid droplets by a cell. Phagocytosis – absorption of solid particles by a cell (possibly bacteria and viruses act as particles)

Mechnikov Ilya Ilyich (1845 - 1926) An outstanding biologist and pathologist. In 1983 Discovered the phenomenon of phagocytosis. In 1901 In his famous work “Immunity in infectious diseases"explained the phagocytotic theory of immunity. Created a theory of origin multicellular organisms, dealt with the problem of human aging. In 1998 Awarded the Nobel Prize.

Lymphocytes LYMPHOCYTES B - cells T - cells Antibodies cause the death of bacteria and viruses Immune reaction combines with bacteria and makes them defenseless against phagocytes Special substances

What does a drop of blood tell? Blood test is one of the most common methods Medical diagnostics. Just a few drops of blood can give you important information about the state of the body. During a blood test, the number of blood cells, hemoglobin content, the concentration of sugar and other substances, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) are determined. If there is inflammatory process, then the ESR increases. ESR norm for men 2-10 mm/h, for women 2-15 mm/h. When the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood decreases for any reason, a person experiences long-term or short-term anemia.

Laboratory work “Examining human and frog blood under a microscope” Tasks: Examine red blood cells on a frog blood sample. Find out how they differ. Draw the frog's red blood cells in your notebook. Examine a human blood sample and find red blood cells in the field of view of the microscope. Draw these blood cells in your notebooks. Find the differences between human red blood cells and frog red blood cells. Whose blood, human or frog, will carry more oxygen per unit time? Why?

Effect of nicotine

Effect of alcohol

The internal environment of the body is formed by: A - blood, lymph, tissue fluid B - body cavity C - internal organs D - tissues that form internal organs And now - a test!

2. The liquid part of the blood is called: A - tissue fluid B - plasma C - lymph D - physiological solution 3. All body cells are surrounded by: A - lymph B - sodium chloride solution C - tissue fluid D - blood

4. From tissue fluid is formed: A – lymph B – blood C – blood plasma D – saliva 5. The structure of red blood cells is associated with the function they perform: A – participation in blood clotting B – neutralization of bacteria C – oxygen transfer D – production of antibodies

6. Blood clotting occurs due to: A - narrowing of capillaries B - destruction of red blood cells C - destruction of leukocytes D - formation of fibrin 7. With anemia in the blood, the content of: A - blood plasma B - platelets C - leukocytes D - red blood cells decreases

8. Phagocytosis is the process of: A – absorption and digestion of microbes and foreign particles by leukocytes; B – blood clotting C – reproduction of leukocytes D – movement of phagocytes in tissues 9. Antigens are called: A – proteins that neutralize the harmful effects of foreign bodies and substances B – foreign substances that can cause immune reaction IN - shaped elements blood G - a special protein called the Rh factor

10. Antibodies are formed by: A – all lymphocytes B – T-lymphocytes C – phagocytes D – B-lymphocytes

Key to self-test 1 – A 6 – D 2 – B 7 – D 3 – C 8 – A 4 – A 9 – B 5 – C 10 - D

Tissue fluid is a component of the internal environment in which all cells of the body are directly located. Composition of tissue fluid: Water - 95% Mineral salts - 0.9% Proteins and other organic substances - 1.5% O 2 CO 2

Lymph Excess tissue fluid enters the veins and lymphatic vessels. In the lymphatic capillaries it changes its composition and becomes lymph. Lymph moves slowly through lymphatic vessels and eventually gets back into the blood. Lymph first passes through special formations - The lymph nodes, where it is filtered and disinfected, enriched with lymphatic cells. Movement of blood and tissue fluid in the body