Home Gums Rules for orienteering competitions. About orientation

Gums

Rules for orienteering competitions. About orientation

Orienteering is a race in a given direction: an athlete with a map and compass must cover a distance, checking in at several checkpoints. You need to move over rough terrain (usually through forests and parks), and pass control stations in a special order. This sport came out of military exercises that were conducted for Scandinavian and British soldiers. The founding father is considered to be Swedish Major Ernst Killander, president of the Stockholm Amateur Sports Association. He came up with the rules and held the first ever competition in 1918.

Tells psychologist and psychophysiologist Tatyana Fadeeva, 31 years old, CMS, prize-winner of the Moscow Region Championship and the Federal “Russian Azimuth” competition.

“Orientation teaches you to rely only on yourself,” says Tatyana. – There are no fans or opponents nearby, you are alone with your distance. Essentially, this is a metaphor for life, with which you are also always face-to-face, and you need to move forward, fight fears, laziness, and reluctance to think. If you made a mistake, it is not a fact that you lost: where it is difficult for you, it is difficult for others, your competitors could also make a mistake. Therefore, if you get lost, you shouldn’t rush around and panic, you need to pull yourself together and make an informed decision. Stop, remember at what point you still knew where you were, go back, reorient yourself and continue moving. Everything is just like in life.”

It is not that simple. With high aerobic loads, it is difficult to maintain attention (during training, beginners are given texts and problems that must be read and solved on the run - try it and you will understand how “great” it is). But you need to keep an eye on the road, check the route, figure out how to get over obstacles. And the numbers of control points cannot be confused. Although this is the most interesting thing. Plus useful: few things in life can be more useful than the ability to think quickly in stressful situation. (Catch instructions for dealing with stress.)

“Orienteering is unique in its combination of physical and mental load,” says Tatyana. – You’re not just running, but you’re also thinking, your head is 150% loaded. You don’t get distracted by extraneous thoughts, you forget about problems and just merge with the movement. Such immersion in the process can only be achieved in yoga, but only if you are a very experienced practitioner.

Competitions take place almost every weekend, and there I release the burden that has accumulated during the week. This is my coping strategy, a personal way to cope with stress. Cortisol and other stress hormones go away best when a person runs or wrestles, and orienteering is running and wrestling rolled into one. Plus, you are alone with nature and at this moment you take off all social masks - you are just an orienteer. You accept yourself as you are."

In Russia, orienteering is not as popular as, say, in Scandinavia. In Finland, the president comes to the main Jukola relay race, a whole town with showers and canteens grows up in the forest, and everything that happens is filmed from helicopters. But our big events also attract several thousand participants. Not only professionals can compete: the groups are open to everyone – there are children’s groups, and even pensioners’ groups, by the way.

“Orienteering is suitable for anyone, except perhaps glamorous young ladies who are afraid of ruining their manicure or scratching their knee,” says Tatyana. - This is a dirty sport. We run not on asphalt, but along forest paths, and return from the race grimy and sweaty. Whatever the weather, the relay will not be cancelled. And every time after a competition I have three loads of clothes to wash. But inside you feel an incredible cleansing. As a specialist, I can say that orienteering is an excellent help in solving any psychological problems . Even if you can't run around physiological reasons, you can just walk, orienteering is not about speed at all. And it's always positive. When you find a checkpoint, you feel delight and jubilation. And you have such small victories - 20-30 per distance. You come back happy, no matter what mood you started in.”

Russian Championship orienteering, Miass. “All women who train look young,” says our heroine. And we agree with her.

Do orienteering

Most orienteering clubs are aimed at training children. There is almost no training for adults, so you will most likely have to negotiate with a coach about a personal program. Usually one lesson with a map is enough to learn the symbols and understand how to orient the plan to the north. And then – practice. The second option is to bring your child to the club and run with him, many people do this. The address of the establishment closest to your home can be found on the website moscompass.ru or http://o-sport.ru/map.php.

If you don’t really like the idea of running through the forest in search of checkpoints, but are generally attracted to orienteering, the game “Inakor” is suitable - online active orienteering, a mix of orienteering, city quests and geocaching (searching for treasures hidden by someone using GPS ). You register on the website msk.inacor.ru, download a map (all Moscow parks are there, including little-known ones to the general public), a route and try to complete it the fastest, checking in at control points. The fastest ones receive prizes - virtual and real.

What you need for orienteering

A CO Adept requires the following minimum equipment:

correct spikes;
convenient shape – nylon is better so that branches don’t get caught;
compass;
electronic chip, it is applied to the station sensor.

Yoga for competition preparation

Yoga will prepare your body for trail running and your mind to work hard. Perform these asanas regularly, gradually increasing the time spent in each pose.

Virabhadrasana I (Warrior Pose I)

Strengthens leg muscles, opens hip joints, develops coordination, trains endurance.

Stand up straight. As you inhale, jump with your legs and spread your arms out to the sides. Now turn your palms up, raise your outstretched limbs and connect your fingers.
Inhale, exhale, turn your toe right leg, pelvis and torso to the right 90 degrees, and turn your left foot slightly inward.
Inhale and as you exhale, bend your right knee to right angle. Move your head back slightly and look up at your thumbs.
Stay in this position as long as possible. Then inhale, return to the starting position and repeat the pose, switching legs.

Virabhadrasana III (Warrior Pose III)

Strengthens the muscles of the thighs, legs, buttocks, and develops the ability to maintain balance.

Stand up straight. As you inhale, jump your legs apart, spread your arms to the sides - and go into the “Virabhadrasana I” pose (the one that was before).
Inhale, exhale, now bend towards your right thigh, stretch your torso and arms forward, palms together.
Get off the floor left leg and slowly lift it until it is parallel to the floor (at the same time straightening the supporting one). Look down, neck and back are in one line.
Stay as long as possible, then, as you exhale, slowly lower your left foot to the floor, lifting your body up. Return to Virabhadrasana I, and then to the starting position. Repeat, switching legs.

Chaturanga dandasana (four-legged staff pose)

Strengthens the muscles of the back, abdomen, arms and legs, disciplines the mind, and helps maintain concentration.

Starting position – lying down (feet and straightened arms shoulder-width apart, body extended from heels to crown).
Pressing the heels of your palms into the floor, slowly bend your elbows, pressing them toward your body.
Lower your body so that it rests on four support points parallel to the floor. If you are a beginner, you can place your knees and forearms on the floor.
Stay in this position as long as possible.

The editors would like to thank the “Fitness on the Roof” project FITNESS HOLDING for their assistance in organizing the shooting.

Orienteering - is an outdoor sport that combines elementsrace Andorientation on the ground using sportskart s and a compass (as one of the elements of orienteering is included in the stages of the adventurerace Andmulti-racing ). Orienteering is a time-limitedrace , during which participants use a special, very precise sportsmap for choosing a route and navigating through varied and, as a rule, unfamiliar terrain in order to find control points (CP).Competitions Byorienteering are held for participants different ages and fitness levels to assess their fitness, navigation and concentration abilities. At all orienteering competitionsParticipants are prohibited from using electronic navigators.

Ski orienteering - this is a winter optionorientation run.

It is carried out in disciplines“given direction”, “marked route”, orientathlon. Athletes specializing in this sport have excellent fast skiing skills, high speed recognition and memorizationkart , as well as the ability to quickly decide on a priority route, since navigation tactics inski orienteering similar tobike-friendly . Differencesports cards lies in special symbols - ski tracks are marked on the map green and display the speed of movement on these ski tracks. Tablets withcards attached to the participant's chest.

Accurateorientation ororientation along the trails emphasizes accurate reading of maps and the ability to navigate a specific section of the route.

Unlike otherstypes of orienteering this sport does not focus on racing from one checkpoint to another and has little or no regard for the ability of the participants to choose the optimal route. Therefore the exactorientation accessible even to people with limited mobility.

Types of orienteering competitions by methods of performing tasks

There are many criteria for classificationorienteering competition : time spendingcompetitions , the nature of scoring results, the method of organizing the start, etc. Among the most commonspecies :
- orientation in a given direction (the task of the participants is to cover the distance in a certain order).
- orientation optional (participants are given the task to complete the distance in random order),
- orientation on a marked route (the participant must independently entermap checkpoints located along the route),
- Rogaining orienteering.
Alsoorienteering is a component of other sports, such asadventure race Andmulti-race . Oftenorienteering also compared withRogaine .
Orienteering in countries around the world and in Russia

After emergence as separate species sports in Swedenorienteering became widespread in Scandinavia, then throughout Europe and the United States of America. Now it is a popular sport in many countries of the world for both amateurs and professionals.

Pass in different countries world at the regional, city and national levels, and international competitions have been regularly held since 1966.

The most significant multi-dayorienteering competition in Scandinavian countries ________________ ________________ ___

IN Baltic countries large multi-day events are also held» in orienteering ________________ ________________ ______________

In Soviet Unionorienteering developed from the mid-thirties of the last century. In November 1991 it was createdRussian Orienteering Federation. AND Russian athletes consistently began to achieve high results on the world stage, regularly occupying top places in all typesorienteering .

Significant regions in the development of this sport in Russia are the Leningrad region, Pskov region, Krasnodar region, Perm region. Multi-day open events are regularly held here.orienteering competition .

In the Leningrad region, a series of multi-day competitions are held annually in June, the dates of which in 2014 are:
In the Pskov region, competitions are held in July, dates for 2014:

scale 1:20000, on which are marked: start, checkpoints, finish.

Start denoted by – triangle. Check Point- on the map circle with a dot, accurately indicating its location on the ground. The Arabic numeral next to the circle indicates the CP number. Start, checkpoint and finish points are sequentially connected on the map by straight lines. The finish and start are usually arranged in one place, and the distance has the shape of a closed ring. Fig.4

Studying the map during the competition, the athlete must think through the most rational path from one checkpoint to another (which is not always the shortest) and, using the map and compass, implement his plans. Having found a checkpoint, the participant must check its designation and make sure that he has reached the desired point. Using the tools available at the checkpoint (pencil, composter), the orienteer makes a mark on his card, which indicates the order of the distance. The marking system is communicated to participants before the start. To avoid misunderstandings, the athlete must independently check the correctness and clarity of the mark before leaving the checkpoint. At the finish line, the participant hands over the card to the judges, who check the correctness of the mark and calculate the time to complete the distance. If an athlete loses his card or does not meet the time limit announced before the start, his result is not counted. Sometimes participants leave the race due to loss of orientation. In this case, they are obliged to appear at the finish line and inform the senior judge about this.

2. Orientation on the marked route.

These competitions are most often held in winter. In the summer they are organized mainly for beginners and schoolchildren, because it is almost impossible to get lost on the marked route.

The meaning of the competition is as follows. The route is marked on the ground and checkpoints are installed, the location of which is unknown to the participants. Athletes receive a map with the start marked on it (the route is not marked). The participant’s task is to run along the marked route, determine the location of all the checkpoints encountered along the way and put them on his map, laying the latter with a needle at the appropriate points.

To minimize the possibility of athletes working together, it is established that the location of the checkpoint must be plotted on the map before leaving the next point. Monitoring the implementation of this rule is carried out using colored pencils (each control panel is equipped with pencils of a certain color). Thus, the location of CP-1 should be plotted on the map no further than the second point. The puncture on the map is crossed out crosswise with a colored pencil located at CP-2. The last checkpoint is applied at a special line before the finish.

Carefully studying the participant’s card, the judges calculate in millimeters the deviation of each puncture from the true location of the checkpoint. For an error of 1mm on the map, a minute of penalty time is awarded. Before the start, athletes are informed of the amount of permissible error (from 1 to 3 mm), for which no penalty is charged. The result is determined by the time it takes to complete the distance plus a penalty time for inaccurately marking the location of the checkpoint on the map.

The panel of judges has the right to cancel the participant's result if the center of the cross drawn in pencil is more than 2 mm from the hole on the card or if the color of the mark of any control point differs from the color of the pencil with which this point should be marked. Most often, participants are removed from competitions for not matching the number of punctures on the card with the number of checkpoints. Usually this fate befalls beginners: after punching the card and then making sure of the mistake, they make a second hole. It happens that a participant, having outlined the point of the future puncture with a pencil, forgets to make a hole or mark. In all of these cases, the result is canceled. An orienteer who finds an extra cross-shaped mark on his map will receive the same punishment, even if there is no puncture at that point.

3. Orientation by choice.

a) Option 1:

At the start, the participant is given a card with control points marked on it. Next to each of them is indicated the number of points that the athlete who finds it will receive. In a certain time, the same for all participants, you need to score the most points. The choice of checkpoints and the order of their passage are arbitrary. Entering the same checkpoint twice is counted only once. If there is a tie between two or more participants, the best place awarded to the one showing the shorter time.

Compared to previous types, optional orientation is much richer tactically. Here you need to choose from many possible routes the one that will bring the most points. At the same time, the participant must realistically assess his strength: if he arrives at the finish line after the control time has expired, then for each minute overdue he will be fined a certain number of penalty points.

b) Option 2:

A certain number of control points are placed on the ground. Athletes are invited, at their discretion, not to report to two or three checkpoints.

For example, There are 8 checkpoints located on the ground; you only need to check in at 6 checkpoints. The start is given in general or after 1 minute. The participant himself plans the route to the checkpoint. The championship is determined by the shortest time spent on taking the CP.

4. Relay races.

They are the most visually interesting and serve as an excellent means of promoting orienteering. This is a team competition. They can be held in any of the listed types of competitions, and the tasks for the participants are the same, only the distance is divided into stages.

Orienteers need to know the following basic rules, for violation of which they may be punished, including disqualification. After the announcement of the area of the upcoming competition, athletes are prohibited from visiting it. Participants are not allowed to go out into the area before their start and after completing the distance until the end of the competition. During the competition you cannot: cross sown fields, vegetable gardens, orchards, fenced areas; use a card other than the one received from the panel of judges; use vehicles not provided for in these competitions; change the designations and design of the gearbox; receive assistance in orientation from other participants or outsiders; provide the same assistance to other athletes.

Tells psychologist and psychophysiologist Tatyana Fadeeva, 31 years old, CMS, prize-winner of the Moscow Region Championship and the Federal “Russian Azimuth” competition.

It is not that simple. With high aerobic loads, it is difficult to maintain attention (during training, beginners are given texts and problems that must be read and solved on the run - try it and you will understand how “great” it is). But you need to keep an eye on the road, check the route, figure out how to get over obstacles. And the numbers of control points cannot be confused. Although this is the most interesting thing. Plus useful: few things in life can be more useful than the ability to think quickly in a stressful situation. (Catch instructions for dealing with stress.)

“Orienteering is suitable for anyone, except perhaps glamorous young ladies who are afraid of ruining their manicure or scratching their knee,” says Tatyana. - This is a dirty sport. We run not on asphalt, but along forest paths, and return from the race grimy and sweaty. Whatever the weather, the relay will not be cancelled. And every time after a competition I have three loads of clothes to wash. But inside you feel an incredible cleansing. As a specialist, I can say that orienteering is an excellent help in solving any psychological problems. Even if you can’t run for physiological reasons, you can just walk; orienteering is not about speed at all. And it's always positive. When you find a checkpoint, you feel delight and jubilation. And you have such small victories - 20-30 per distance. You come back happy, no matter what mood you started in.”

Russian Orienteering Championship, Miass. “All women who train look young,” says our heroine. And we agree with her.

Do orienteering

If you don’t really like the idea of running through the forest in search of checkpoints, but are generally attracted to orienteering, the game “Inakor” is suitable - online active orienteering, a mix of orienteering, city quests and geocaching (searching for treasures hidden by someone using GPS ). You register on the website msk.inacor.ru, download a map (all Moscow parks are there, including little-known ones to the general public), a route and try to complete it the fastest, checking in at checkpoints. The fastest ones receive prizes - virtual and real.

What you need for orienteering

A CO Adept requires the following minimum equipment:

correct spikes;
convenient shape – nylon is better so that branches don’t get caught;
compass;
electronic chip, it is applied to the station sensor.

Yoga for competition preparation

Yoga will prepare your body for trail running and your mind to work hard. Perform these asanas regularly, gradually increasing the time spent in each pose.

Virabhadrasana I (Warrior Pose I)

Strengthens the leg muscles, opens the hip joints, develops coordination, and trains endurance.

Stand up straight. As you inhale, jump with your legs and spread your arms out to the sides. Now turn your palms up, raise your outstretched limbs and connect your fingers.
Inhale, exhale, turn the toe of your right foot, pelvis and torso to the right 90 degrees, and turn your left foot slightly inward.
Inhale and as you exhale, bend your right knee to a right angle. Move your head back slightly and look up at your thumbs.
Stay in this position as long as possible. Then inhale, return to the starting position and repeat the pose, switching legs.

Virabhadrasana III (Warrior Pose III)

Strengthens the muscles of the thighs, legs, buttocks, and develops the ability to maintain balance.

Stand up straight. As you inhale, jump your legs apart, spread your arms to the sides - and go into the “Virabhadrasana I” pose (the one that was before).
Inhale, exhale, now bend towards your right thigh, stretch your torso and arms forward, palms together.
Lift your left leg off the floor and slowly raise it until it is parallel to the floor (at the same time straightening your supporting leg). Look down, neck and back are in one line.
Stay as long as possible, then, as you exhale, slowly lower your left foot to the floor, lifting your body up. Return to Virabhadrasana I, and then to the starting position. Repeat, switching legs.

Chaturanga dandasana (four-legged staff pose)

Strengthens the muscles of the back, abdomen, arms and legs, disciplines the mind, and helps maintain concentration.

Starting position – lying down (feet and straightened arms shoulder-width apart, body extended from heels to crown).
Pressing the heels of your palms into the floor, slowly bend your elbows, pressing them toward your body.
Lower your body so that it rests on four support points parallel to the floor. If you are a beginner, you can place your knees and forearms on the floor.
Stay in this position as long as possible.

The editors would like to thank the “Fitness on the Roof” project FITNESS HOLDING for their assistance in organizing the shooting.

MAIN types of orienteering by mode of movement:

Orienteering by running
Ski orienteering
Path guidance (for wheelchair users)
Bike orienteering

Running orienteering competitions are held within the framework of such disciplines as “running in a given direction”, “by choice”, “marked route”.

SPECIFIED DIRECTION ("assignment")

This is a traditional and most often used discipline in running orienteering. The bottom line is that at the start the athlete receives a map of the area on which control points (CPs) are printed in the sequence in which the athlete must find them (“take”). They are marked serial number(1, 2, 3...) and individual numbers (or the butt number is indicated in ). Task: take all control points in the specified sequence in the minimum possible time. The winner is judged by the minimum time to complete the distance.

An example of a “task” for boys and girls under 10 years old. As you can see, the first 3 checkpoints are “tied” to the tracks, at the 4th checkpoint the beginner will clearly run along the clearing, and at the fork with the track he will run 30 meters to the left (the checkpoint will be visible from the clearing). 5 checkpoints are designed to be taken in azimuth (the distance is only 100-130 m), but beginners will make their way to the checkpoint along the path. The entire children's distance is “closed” from the possibility of getting lost: from the west and southwest there is a highway, from the east there is a good dirt road that “blocks” the north and south. Emergency azimuth - west (on the highway)

Classic orienteering competitions involving running in a given direction.

BY CHOICE (“choice”)

At the start, the athlete receives a map on which ALL checkpoints that are installed on the ground are indicated. All athletes are divided into different age groups, each of which is tasked with taking a certain number of CP. Usually, the first CP for each age group is unique and must be taken first. On the map it is connected to the starting point. This is done in order to separate the flows of different age groups. The last checkpoint is also mandatory for all groups and is located close to the finish.

Those. already at the start, each of the participants, receiving a map, comes up with and draws the distance for themselves. The task is to “include” the required (specified) number of control points between the first and last control points.

It's pretty complex type competitions, especially for beginners who, in a hurry, can draw a “marathon” distance for themselves, turn on an extra checkpoint, or select all the checkpoints “in the vicinity”, but which will turn out to be difficult to take.

An example of "choice". For children under 10 years of age, the “standard” choice is usually 6 CP. IN in this case, 1st CP No. 53. The last CP is usually also required to be taken and is designated No. 90. The remaining 4 are at the child’s choice.

CHOICE. Penza-2015.

Viewing active content is disabled for the editor to work correctly

MARKED ROUTE. Winter orienteering

Used mainly in winter for ski orienteering. WITH the athlete receives a regular “summer” map, on which only the start and finish locations are indicated. After that, he moves along the desired ski track, which is marked with a certain color, and on the way he meets a checkpoint. The goal is to indicate on the map the location of the checkpoint (pierced with a needle) as accurately as possible and at the same time cover the distance in the minimum time. For “deviation” of a puncture from the actual location of the checkpoint, penalty points in minutes are awarded (minutes are added to the physical time of completing the distance). The further the hole is from the target, the greater the penalty.

Most often, in winter orienteering, the classic distance (“task”) is used. Those. The map shows all the tracks that have been pre-rolled for the competition (the “grid”) and the control points that are located directly on the track, i.e. There is no need to “plow up virgin soil.”

An example of an adult skiing distance in a given direction.

In summer, multi-day competitions are often held (mostly 3 days, 3 starts). At the same time, both the classic “assignment” and “choice” and relay race can be combined.

“Task”, in turn, can be of four types: SPRINT (short distances with a small distance between control points, where speed and the ability to move along a rough azimuth are most important. This is a high-speed distance). “CLASSICS” (a medium-length distance with an optimal length/difficulty ratio, where you need to periodically “turn on your head” to choose a route option to take the next checkpoint. Usually, the distance is technically difficult). "CROSS" (long distances with long distances between checkpoints. Requires good endurance, the right choice route. The developers of the distance will definitely force the athlete to “chomp” through the swamps and “get his breath” on the climbs to the mountains).

RELAY RACE.

Rewarding of participants is carried out both according to the results of each day of competition, and according to the results of all days (stages) of the competition.

URBAN ORIENTATION In the format of urban orientation, they most often take place sprint stages major (including international) multi-day competitions. competitions, like no other, allow you to appreciate the beauty of orienteering, give it entertainment, and show its mass appeal. After all, athletes run directly through the streets of some town, in full view of passers-by. Imagine yourself walking along the streets of your city, when suddenly, one after another, some men and women in running uniforms rush past you, with a map and compass in their hands. And if you look closely at them, it becomes clear that these “unusual” runners are looking for something on their map. Yeah! And here is the object of their search: a red and white prism with a number, to which the athletes run up, poke something on their finger somewhere above the prism and run away further... In any case, the uninitiated man in the street becomes interested in what kind of competition it is, What kind of sport is played here? This is how a person discovers the fact of the existence of orienteering, appreciates its beauty and unusualness, and perhaps thinks about whether to send his child to engage in this wonderful sport.

BIKE ORIENTING

To participate in bicycle orienteering, you need a special tablet for a map, which is mounted on the steering wheel. Well, actually, a bicycle (mountain, with gear shift). Consumer goods from China and other junk that is sold in grocery supermarkets and markets will not work! It simply won't bear the load. The bicycle must be purchased only in specialized stores. Cheaper than 30 thousand rubles. You’ll hardly find an iron horse for such “rides”.

Bicycle helmet is a must!

NIGHT ORIENTATION

This is orienteering in the dark with a powerful flashlight on your head. Such starts are quite rare, a “delicacy” so to speak))). It looks very impressive, especially from the outside.

There is another sport directly related to orienteering. This -ROGAINE. Its essence is to score as many points as possible in the allotted time. Typically, Rogaine comes at 2 and 4 hours. Participants run in pairs, which is essentially a team. At the start they receive a map, develop their route and run. The map is usually on a scale of 1 cm = 200 m, i.e. not detailed. All the control points located on the ground are drawn on it. Each checkpoint has its own two-digit number. The first number is the number of points for taking this CP. The closer the checkpoint is to the starting point, the fewer points are given for it. The farther from the start, the larger the number, and, accordingly, the more points it brings to the team. At the same time, the team needs to meet the race time frame chosen by it. For being late to the finish line, penalty points will be deducted from the team. Rogaining is primarily an endurance race. A sort of cross-country half-marathon. Therefore, mainly only prepared and well-trained athletes for long distances participate in it.

You can try your hand at orienteering right now.