Eye color is a characteristic determined by the pigmentation of the iris. The iris consists of an anterior - mesodermal, and posterior - ectodermal layers. The anterior layer consists of the outer border and stroma.
In physiognomy, there is an unwritten rule: to begin studying a person with the eyes, or rather with their color. The color of a person's eyes can tell a lot.
It is believed that the eyes are the most informative source of information about any person. Eye color can tell a lot about your character.
Eye(lat. oculus) - a sensory organ (organ of the visual system) of humans and animals, which has the ability to perceive electromagnetic radiation in the light wavelength range and provides the function of vision.
The part of the eye by which eye color is judged is called the iris. Eye color depends on the amount of melanin pigment in the back layers of the iris. The iris controls how light rays enter the eye under different lighting conditions, much like the diaphragm in a camera. The round hole in the center of the iris is called the pupil. The structure of the iris includes microscopic muscles that constrict and dilate the pupil. The iris determines human eye color.
What determines the color of a person's eyes?
The iris is practically impermeable to light. Depending on the content of melanin pigment in the cells of the iris and the nature of its distribution, the iris can have a different color, from very light blue to almost black. Very rarely, iris cells do not contain pigment (this occurs when congenital pathology- albinism), due to the translucent blood in the blood vessels, the eyes in this case have a red color. Albinos are photophobic because their irises do not protect their eyes from excess light. In light-eyed people, the content of melanin pigment in the cells of the iris of the eyes is small, in dark-eyed people, on the contrary, there is a lot of this pigment. The overall pattern and shade of the iris is very individual, however human eye color determined by heredity.
The color of the iris is determined by the number of melanocytes in the stroma and is an inherited trait. The brown iris is inherited dominantly, and the blue iris is inherited recessively.
All vessels of the iris have a connective tissue covering. The raised details of the lacy pattern of the iris are called trabeculae, and the depressions between them are called lacunae (or crypts). The color of the iris is individual: from blue, gray, yellowish-green in blondes to dark brown and almost black in brunettes.
Differences in eye color are explained by different numbers of multi-processed melanoblast pigment cells in the stroma of the iris. In dark-skinned people, the number of these cells is so large that the surface of the iris does not look like lace, but like a densely woven carpet. Such an iris is characteristic of the inhabitants of the southern and extreme northern latitudes as a factor of protection from the blinding light flux.
Most newborn babies have a light blue iris due to weak pigmentation. By 3-6 months, the number of melanocytes increases and the iris darkens. Albinos have irises pink color, since it lacks melanosomes. Sometimes the irises of both eyes are different in color, which is called heterochromia. Melanocytes in the iris can cause the development of melanomas.
People living in northern regions are more likely to have light color eyes, in the middle zone gray-green and light brown shades of eyes predominate, and residents of the south usually have dark eyes. However, this is not always the case: the indigenous inhabitants of the far north (Eskimos, Chukchi, Nenets) have dark eyes, as well as hair, and a dark skin tone. Thanks to these features, they are more adapted to life in conditions of extremely high illumination and excessive reflection of light from the shiny surface of ice and snow.
Eye color and its meaning
People call a person's eyes the mirror of the soul. Despite the existence of many legends and beliefs regarding the characteristics of people with different eye colors, in practice these patterns are often not confirmed. For example, characteristics such as visual acuity or intellectual abilities are in no way related to eye color.
Aristotle believed that people with brown and dark green eyes would be choleric, those with dark gray eyes would be melancholic, and those with blue eyes would be phlegmatic. It is now believed that people with dark eyes have stronger immune system, are distinguished by perseverance and endurance, but are often overly irritable and have a rather “explosive” temperament. People with gray eyes are determined and persistent in achieving their goals; blue-eyed people endure adversity; brown-eyed people are characterized by reticence, while people with green eyes are characterized by constancy, concentration and determination.
Widely known historical fact is the statement that Blue eyes – hallmark representatives of the truly Nordic race (Aryans). WITH light hand reactionary German theorist G. Müller, the expression “a healthy German with brown eyes is unthinkable, and Germans with brown and black eyes are either hopelessly ill or not Germans at all.” In the middle zone " the evil eye“is considered dark brown or black, while in the East everything is exactly the opposite: it is believed that only light-eyed people are capable of “evil eye”.
Eyes of different colors
In very rare cases, the eye color of one person can be different, this condition is called heterochromia. The right and left eyes can be completely different in color - this is the so-called complete heterochromia, but if part of the iris of one eye has a different color - sector heterochromia occurs. Heterochromia of the iris can be congenital or acquired. This phenomenon is repeatedly mentioned in literature, and one of the most famous characters with different-colored eyes is Bulgakov’s Woland, whose “right eye was black and dead, and the left one was green and crazy.”
As a result of joint marriages between people with gray and brown eyes, people appeared whose eyes were of other shades: green, gray-brown, gray-green, green-brown and even gray-green-brown... Gradually people forgot about the Ice Age - humanity has adapted to new conditions of existence. But, nevertheless, if you look closely at modern owners of both gray and brown eyes, you can easily notice the difference in the behavior of these two types of people: the first strive to act, the second - to receive. That is, the first They strive to free themselves from excess energy, while the latter, on the contrary, strive to compensate for their own lack of energy at the expense of the strength of other people. We will call the first “potential donors”, the second “potential vampires”. People with eyes of a mixed type (green, gray-brown, etc.) have a complex energy orientation: they cannot be classified as either donors or vampires. They exhibit the qualities of one or the other - depending on “ Which foot will they get up from?
How to determine character person By blossomeye?
It turns out that just by looking into a person's eyes, you can learn a lot about him.
There are many beliefs that eye color has a direct impact on a person’s fate. By carefully looking into the eyes of your interlocutor, you can understand a lot about him, determine his character and essence, as well as the attitude of other people towards him. Eye color will also help you understand yourself and understand why at some point in your life you make this or that decision.
Eye color: blue, gray-blue, blue, gray.
People with cold shades of eyes are confident in themselves, which will not allow others to doubt their words and actions. They rarely listen unquestioningly to the advice of strangers and people who are not particularly close to them; they fulfill their dreams the way they want, and not as others advise. Fate often throws challenges in which it is not easy for the owners of this eye color, and they need to deserve every gift of fate.
But on the love front they have no equal; they can, without thinking, choose this or that person, turning off their heads and being guided only by their desires. However, having decided to tie yourself with sacred bonds, you need to be 100% sure that you will love this person all your life, otherwise, without love, your union will fall apart in the early stages. The only thing that can push these people away is their excessive activity. And if at the first meetings she lights up, then in the future it can develop into constant fatigue from communication.
Having chosen people with cold shades of eyes as your companions, you should not try to change them and calm them down; it will be much easier to captivate them with something new and interesting.
Eye color: gray-brown-green.
Those with this range of eye colors are called Central Russian. Such an unusual combination pushes their carriers to rash and inconsistent actions in certain situations. The character of these people is very unpredictable; they can be either soft and gentle or hard and harsh. That is why those around them treat them with caution, because they do not know what reaction to expect. However, despite this, they are very attentive to the people around them and are always ready to help.
In love, people with such an unusual combination of shades are impregnable. You will have to prove your sincere attitude and love to them more than once, but if they want to win you, it will not be easy for you to resist the onslaught and harsh pressure.
Eye color: dark blue
Such eyes, colored by the energy of Venus and the Moon, belong to persistent but sentimental people. Their mood is unpredictably changeable due to the ability to easily succumb to their whims. A person with dark blue eyes remembers personal insults for a long time, even if the offender has long been forgiven in his soul.
Eye color: emerald.
People with this eye shade always need to compromise with themselves; they simply need harmony. Very cheerful, unshakable in their decisions made. If people with emerald eye shade are completely confident in the correctness of their choice, they are happy and are not afraid to show it to others.
One of positive qualities These people are that they do not demand more from others than they can offer themselves. For loved ones and dear people, they will gnaw at the ground, but will not let them need anything. In a relationship, you give yourself completely and never complain about it, but if you are not suitable or this person simply does not like you, it is better for you to bypass him.
Eye color: brown.
People with brown eyes tend to win over their opponents from the first meeting. It often helps them in finding a job or studying. Falling under the charm of brown-eyed people, you risk quarreling with others for the sake of this person’s whim. The only disadvantage of these eyes is that you cannot go out into the world unkemptly dressed or unkempt; you always need to emphasize the activity of your eyes.
People with brown eyes require increased attention and activity from their loved ones, constant gifts and proof of love. But at the same time, brown-eyed people may refuse to receive expensive gifts, so that they simply do not need them.
Eye color: Light brown
Such eyes are awarded to people who are dreamy, shy, and who love solitude. Some people consider them pragmatic, but this makes them very diligent and hardworking. They will never let you down.
A person with light brown eyes is an individualist; he always strives to do everything himself, which is why he achieves great success in life. He does not tolerate pressure on himself. In astrology, this eye color is considered to be caused by a mixture of energies of the planets Venus and the Sun, which makes its owner an impressionable person who deeply experiences personal grievances.
Eye color: Gray
These are the eyes of smart and decisive people who do not bury their heads in the sand when faced with problems, but solve them as quickly as possible. However, quite often they pass in situations that cannot be solved with the mind. Gray-eyed people are sensitive and inquisitive, they are interested in everything. Those with gray eyes are lucky in any area - both in love and in career.
Eye color: yellow (amber)
This tiger color is quite rare for people, so its owners are endowed with special talents. They even know how to read other people's thoughts. The owners of yellow amber eyes have an artistic nature. Such people always think creatively, and communicating with them brings a lot of pleasure. True, if you are not up to anything bad...
Eye color: Black
Such eyes belong to people with strong energy, great initiative, high vitality and a restless disposition. Passion and love are inherent in a person with black eyes. He will stop at nothing to achieve the object of his adoration. Often in life, this character trait not only helps you win, but also upsets you with the consequences of haste in decisions.
Eye color has great importance in a girl's life, even if we don't think about it. Very often, clothes and accessories are chosen directly to match the color of the eyes, not to mention the fact that thanks to existing stereotypes, we, to some extent, form our initial opinion about a person taking into account the color of his eyes.
Therefore, when special lenses appeared that changed eye color, many girls rushed to purchase them in order to create images with different colors eye. And besides lenses, Photoshop helps us, with its help you can achieve any color, but unfortunately this is displayed only on the monitor screen and photographs.
What determines the real color of a person's eyes? Why do some people have blue eyes, others green, and some even boast purple ones?
The color of a person’s eyes, or rather the color of the iris, depends on two factors:
1. Density of iris fibers.
2. Distribution of melanin pigment in the layers of the iris.
Melanin is a pigment that determines the color of human skin and hair. The more melanin, the darker the skin and hair. In the iris of the eye, melanin ranges from yellow to brown and black. In this case, the back layer of the iris is always black, with the exception of albinos.
Yellow, brown, black, where then do the blue and green eyes come from? Let's look into this phenomenon...
Blue eyes
The blue color is due to the low fiber density of the outer layer of the iris and the low melanin content. In this case, low-frequency light is absorbed by the back layer, and high-frequency light is reflected from it, so the eyes turn out blue. The lower the fiber density of the outer layer, the more saturated Blue colour eye.
Blue eyes
Blue color occurs when the fibers of the outer layer of the iris are denser than in the case of blue eyes and have a whitish or grayish color. The higher the fiber density, the lighter the color.
Blue and blue eyes most common among the population of northern Europe. For example, in Estonia up to 99% of the population had this eye color, and in Germany 75%. Only given modern realities, this situation will not last long, because more and more people from Asian and African countries are trying to move to Europe.
Blue eye color in babies
There is an opinion that all children are born blue-eyed, and then the color changes. This is a wrong opinion. In fact, many babies are actually born light-eyed, and subsequently, as melanin is actively produced, their eyes become darker and the final eye color is established by two to three years.
Grey colour it turns out similar to blue, only in this case the density of the fibers of the outer layer is even higher and their shade is closer to gray. If the fiber density is not so high, then the eye color will be gray-blue. In addition, the presence of melanin or other substances gives a small yellow or brownish impurity.
Green eyes
This eye color is most often attributed to witches and sorceresses, and therefore green-eyed girls are sometimes treated with suspicion. Only green eyes were obtained not due to witchcraft, but due to a small amount of melanin.
In green-eyed girls, yellow or light brown pigment is distributed in the outer layer of the iris. And as a result of scattering by blue or blue turns out green. The color of the iris is usually uneven, there are a large number of different different shades green.
Pure green eye color is extremely rare; no more than two percent of people can boast of green eyes. They can be found in people in Northern and Central Europe, and sometimes in Southern Europe. Women have green eyes much more often than men, which played a certain role in attributing this eye color to witches.
Amber
Amber eyes have a monotonous light brown color, sometimes with a yellowish-green or reddish tint. Their color can also be close to marsh or golden, which is due to the presence of lipofuscin pigment.
Swamp eye color (aka hazel or beer) is a mixed color. Depending on the lighting, it may appear golden, brown-green, brown, light brown with a yellow-green tint. In the outer layer of the iris, the melanin content is quite moderate, so the marsh color is the result of a combination of brown and blue or light blue. Yellow pigments may also be present. In contrast to the amber color of the eyes, in this case The coloring is not monotonous, but rather heterogeneous.
Brown eyes
Brown eye color results from the fact that the outer layer of the iris contains a lot of melanin, so it absorbs both high-frequency and low-frequency light, and the reflected light adds up to brown. The more melanin, the darker and richer the eye color.
Brown eye color is the most common in the world. But in our life, this - which is a lot - is valued less, so brown-eyed girls sometimes envy those to whom nature has given green or blue eyes. Just don’t rush to be offended by nature, brown eyes are one of the most adapted to the sun!
Black eyes
Black eye color is essentially dark brown, but the concentration of melanin in the iris is so high that the light falling on it is almost completely absorbed.
Red eyes
Yes, there are such eyes, and not only in the movies, but also in reality! Red or pinkish eye color is found only in albinos. This color is associated with the absence of melanin in the iris, so the color is formed based on the blood circulating in the vessels of the iris. In some rare cases, the red color of the blood mixes with the blue to produce a slight purple tint.
Purple eyes!
The most unusual and rare color eyes, these are rich purple. This is extremely rare, perhaps only a few people on earth have a similar eye color, so this phenomenon has been little studied, and there are different versions and myths about this that go back centuries. But most likely, violet eyes do not give their owner any superpowers.
This phenomenon is called heterochromia, which translated from Greek means “different color”. The reason for this feature is the different amount of melanin in the irises of the eye. There is complete heterochromia - when one eye is one color, the other - another, and partial - when parts of the iris of one eye are different colors.
Can eye color change throughout life?
Within one color group, color can change depending on lighting, clothing, makeup, even mood. In general, with age, most people's eyes lighten, losing their original bright color.
The visual organs reflect a person’s character, his feelings and emotions. All eye colors depend on the physiological properties of their owners. Energetic and passionate people have a rich, bright iris, while quiet and reserved people have a duller iris. The color of a person's pupils is influenced by the pigment melanin. Its quantity is associated with the formation of the shade of the organs of vision.
Possible colors
The structure of the eye is the eyeball located in the socket. There are also other organs that are penetrated by vessels. Main parts of the shell eyeball:
- anterior - the iris, which includes the pupils;
- middle - eyelashes;
- back - nerve tissue fibers and blood vessels.
The color of the organ of vision can be determined based on the pigmentation of the iris, which includes the anterior and posterior layers. The latter has dark shades in all cases. The exception is albinos with red visual organs. There are basic eye shades:
According to statistics, brown eyes are the most common.
- grey;
- blue;
- blue;
- olive;
- green;
- amber;
- yellow;
- brown;
- black.
Scientists have proven that eye color affects a person's character traits
Blue-eyed
Blue eye color is a feature of purposeful, talented, generous people. The iris contains a small amount of melanin. Owners of blue eyes are dreamers and romantics. They are characterized by sentimentality, vulnerability and sensitivity. Blue eyes are a sign of a rich imagination. However, there are blue-eyed people with a tough or capricious character.
Blue eyes
This color is often found among Europeans. The iris contains a small amount of melanin and connective tissues with increased density. They have a bluish tone and light reflects off them, causing the eyes to take on a blue tint. Melanin is produced in small quantities due to genetic mutation. U blue eyed people the same character as the blue-eyed ones. In certain lighting conditions, bright turquoise eye color is similar to blue, but it is much less common.
Gray
Eye color affects a person's character. This shade is mainly found among Europeans. Gray eyes have a high density of connective fibers. Owners of this color are balanced, hardworking and pragmatic. They are true realists, their main features are reliability, honesty, self-sufficiency and kindness. A person with a steel gray tone is quite reserved, but is a good friend.
Brown-eyed
Most of the inhabitants on Earth have brown eyes. They have a high concentration of melanin. Brown color visual organs denotes energy. According to research, brown-eyed people enjoy maximum trust from others. As a rule, such a person is purposeful and wants to win in everything. He is sensual, but periodically hot-tempered.
Black-eyed
This tone of the visual organs most often occurs in Asians. Black eye color indicates the maximum concentration of melanin. In light there is no reflection from the surface of the visual organs. In reality, black-eyed people have dark brown eyesight, but due to the increased concentration of melanin, they appear to be black. These individuals are ambitious and energetic, just like those with brown eyes.
Greens
Green-eyed people have very low levels of melanin. People with pure green eyes are extremely rare to see. They live in the Northern and Central regions of Europe. A green-eyed person has a small amount of melanin. The iris is uneven, includes many shades, and has inclusions. The character of green-eyed people is decisive; they are distinguished by their integrity, self-confidence, and stubbornness. They are also able to withstand difficulties, but lack vital energy. They are characterized by justice and mystery. The tone varieties in this group are blue-green eyes and yellow-green eyes.
Eye color depends primarily on genetic factors and is determined amount and distribution of melanin in the iris. This process is quite complex and involves several genes. As a result, three main factors determine the color: melanin of the epithelium of the iris, melanin of its posterior part, and the density of the stroma of this membrane. Lipochrome is another pigment that contributes to the final result. At the same time, two types of melanin are involved in the process of color formation: eumelanin, which has a dark brown tint, and gray-yellow-red pheomelanin.
Among all eye colors, except abnormal cases, the pigment eumelanin is present in large quantities in the epithelium of the iris. Therefore, variations occur due to the pigment of the posterior part of the shell, and the ability of the stroma to absorb light according to its density. This article will answer questions about what kind of eyes a person has, why they are different, how eye color changes, and others.
Factors that determine color
Scientific achievements of the present time believe that there are two types of factors that determine the color of the eye.
Anthropological factors
There is a relative uniformity of shades in the world, with the predominant number of people having brown eyes. However, the exception is Europe, where There is some variety:
- Hazelnut color;
- Swamp eye color;
- Gray-green eyes;
- Blue and gray eye colors.
This was initially thought to be a secondary effect related to natural selection for lighter skin to provide more vitamin D in latitudes farther from the equator. However, skin pigmentation in most cases has virtually no effect on the color of the eye.
It has also been suggested that the reason for such a variety of shades is interbreeding with Neanderthals. But as soon as it was possible to restore the Neanderthal mitochondrial genome, it turned out that it had nothing in common with modern Europeans. In other words, the influence of their genes on the genes of Homo sapiens was not significant and cannot explain the high percentage of Europeans with light eyes.
As a result, some geneticists, for example , Luigi Cavalli-Sforza, they believe that the reason lies in sexual selection. When one sex outnumbers the other, individuals of the first group must compete with each other for their mate, resorting to strategies for greater attractiveness, such as having more expressive and brighter eyes.
Genetic factors
Eye color is determined by genetic inheritance as a result of the influence of several genes. Combinations of the following determine the final color:
More specifically, the reason for the diversity of shades lies in the polymorphism of simple nucleotides within the above genes. The exact number of such nucleotides is not known, but value set the influence of a particular nucleotide on the problem under consideration.
Thus, a study conducted at the University of Copenhagen found that a nucleotide located in the HERC2 gene is responsible for blue eyes in 74% of cases. Another study conducted at the Faculty of Medicine of Erasmus University Rotterdam in 2009 showed that 37 nucleotides from 6 genes determine brown shade in 93% of cases, blue in 91% of cases and mixed shades in 73% of cases. The remaining nucleotides have virtually no effect on this indicator. However, colors such as gray and amber have not yet been explained from a genetic point of view.
Brown eyes are found in 50% of the world's population. However, there are people with rare shades, who in total make up no more than 5% of the world population. Below are the most common shades found in humans, as well as the rarest coloration.
Common coloration
Common colors include brown, green, blue, gray and all their combinations and shades. Below are their description and genetic basis.
- Blue or blue eyes contain a small amount of melanin in the front of the iris. This color is formed due to the fact that the stroma, which is a transparent collagen tissue, scatters reflected beams of light. As a result of the refraction of light passing through collagen, a blue tint appears. Genetically, blue color is associated with the action of recessive alleles of the EYCL1 and EYCL3 genes. Blue eyes first appeared 10,000 years ago in a person who lived in the northwestern part of the Black Sea, and are the product of his mutation. Currently, blue eyes are found among residents of the Caucasus and Europeans. Approximately 8% of the population has this shade.
- To date, the factors leading to gray or silver color. However, there are two theories. The first is that the stroma, which consists of a large number of proteins, appears in the path of light and refracts it so that the color is gray. The second theory is the amount and distribution of melanin such that light gray and dark gray can exist. grey eyes. The dark gray color is provided by a thin layer of melanin at the front of the shell, while the light gray color is due to a small amount of this pigment. It should be said that none of the theories presented has been confirmed genetically.
Rare color
Each of these colors is found in less than 1% of the world's population.
Eye color changes and abnormalities
Very often newborns have a minimal amount of melanin. As soon as the eyes begin to see sunlight, additional amounts of melanin begin to be produced, and the color may change. So, at 3 years old, the baby already has 50% pigment density compared to that in adulthood.
In addition to the normal change in eye color during the process growing up, there are also various anomalies.
- Heterochromia. This anomaly is very rare and consists of different colors in the eyes of the individual. There is complete heterochromia, when each eye has a different color from the other, the so-called chameleons, and partial, when individual sectors of the eye are colored differently. This anomaly can be either congenital, associated with a disease, or acquired. In addition to humans, heterochromia is also present in animals: dogs, cats, horses and others.
- Aniridia is hereditary disease and is characterized by the absence of the iris and the presence of only a black pupil. This anomaly is caused by a gene on chromosome 11, which is responsible for normal development eyeball. People with this disease have high photosensitivity and poor eyesight. In addition, aniridia can lead to the development of other diseases, such as cataracts, glaucoma, corneal opacities and some others.
- Albinism is congenital anomaly, characterized by the absence of melanin in the eyes, skin and hair. The coloring ultimately depends on the degree of albinism of the person. In its mild form, shades can be blue and light gray. In complete albinism, light passes through the upper layers of the eye and causes reflection from blood vessels its mesh-like tissue, resulting in colors such as purple and red. Patients with this anomaly often suffer from photophobia, strabismus, myopia and astigmatism.
- A Kayser-Fleischer ring is another rare abnormality consisting of copper in the peripheral areas of the cornea, resulting in a golden-green color. Such a ring is one of the signs of Wilson's disease, which is associated with a high copper content in the body and, as a result, its poisoning. In 90% of cases, this ring is observed in mentally ill people.
Various studies suggest that eye color plays a role in determining the risk of various diseases.
Thus, a study from the University of Otago Medical School, New Zealand, revealed the existence of a connection between internal eye pressure and eye coloration. The more saturated the color, the more high pressure present in the eye. In turn, high eye pressure increases the risk of glaucoma.
Another study conducted at an eye center in Massachusetts found a connection between melanin levels in the eyeball and at risk of cancer. The lower the content of this pigment, the higher the risk of transferring skin cancer - melanoma to other organs.
On the other hand, the Detroit School of Medicine studied the relationship between eye color and the decline in visual acuity with age, which is most often observed in people with white skin. Studies have found an increased risk of this disease in people with low levels of melanin.
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Date: 03/30/2016
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Yellow eyes are rare in people, so they attract attention with their unusual colors, mystery and warmth. This coloration of the pupils is often found in cats, because of this, people with yellow eyes are attributed to cat-like habits.
What determines the color of the pupil
Consists of two layers. The distribution of pigments in the anterior layer of the iris and the density of its fibers affect the color of a person’s pupils.
People's eye colors vary:
- blue;
- gray;
- blue;
- karim;
- black;
- yellow and even red.
In this case, the color of the iris can be not only uniform, but also mixed. Blue eyes are very beautiful. But how is this color formed? The outer layer of the iris is formed from fibers. In the case when these fibers are loose and weakly saturated with melanin, the shade of the eyes becomes blue.
Melanin is a pigment. It affects the color of eyes, skin and hair. The more it is contained in the body, the darker the color. People with a higher density of collagen fibers in the outer layer of the iris have blue eyes. Since the fibers are light, it is no longer a saturated dark color that is formed, but a lighter color.
Blue and cyan colors are most often found among European peoples, as well as among the inhabitants of the Middle East. Such eye shades are also common among Jews.
Gray eyes appear with even greater fiber density outer surface iris than in the case of blue. With medium density, a gray-blue tint of the eyes is formed. The outer layer of the iris may contain yellow or light brown pigment. It is its presence that contributes to the appearance of yellowish or brownish tints in the center of the iris. Gray shades of eyes are characteristic of peoples living in the countries of Northern and Eastern Europe, Far East, West and North Africa.
Green eyes are formed due to the content of melanin and yellow or brown pigment in the outer layer of the iris. At the same time, the green color can be heterogeneous and have different shades. Pure green eyes are rare in people, and if they are found, then most often in the fair sex. Green eye color is more likely to be found among residents of Southern, Northern and Central Europe.
Amber eyes are obtained due to the presence in the iris of the same pigment as in the case of green. They have a uniform color of yellow-brown or green-yellow.
In a person with brown eyes, the outer layer of the iris contains large amounts of melanin. This allows light of any frequency to be absorbed and reflected. Brown eyes are common among residents of Asia, Africa, South America and Southern Europe. This shade is considered the most common eye color around the world.
Yellow pupils are less common in humans. This color is typical when there is a yellow pigment in the iris, which has a fairly light shade.
Sometimes the origin of this color has other reasons, for example, it may be kidney failure.
Black eyes are not actually black, but a rich dark brown shade that appears black. This color is formed due to the fact that the light that hits the iris is almost completely absorbed. The iris of such people contains an excessive amount of melanin.
The color of the eyeball with black eyes is sometimes not snow-white, but gray or yellow. This eye color is characteristic of the dark-skinned population, in particular the inhabitants of Africa and Asia.
Swamp pupils are very variable. Their color is heterogeneous and varies depending on the brightness of the light. Brown, golden and green-brown shades can be combined. Swamp eyes are caused by sufficient melanin content and the presence of yellow pigment in the outer wall of the iris.
Albinos have red eyes. Albinos are people in whose body there is absolutely no pigment that would color their hair or eyes. Since there is no melanin, the shade of the pupils is determined by the blood contained in the vessels of the iris. Purple eye color is extremely rare. It is a mixture of red and blue colors.
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Unusual eyes
A person's eyes always attract attention. The color of the pupils complements and decorates the image of people. Many years of research by scientists have shown that the color of the pupils is determined hereditarily. However, it happens that a child’s pupils are different in color from the parent’s pupils. There are also cases where eye color changes throughout life. For example, in newborns who initially had blue eyes, melanin may accumulate with age and the color of the pupils will change.
In older people, the color of the pupils sometimes becomes pale. This occurs due to depigmentation. It is caused by various diseases.
It is rare, but there are people with different eye colors. Previously, such people were considered special, as if they were endowed with unnatural abilities. However medical research showed that eyes of different colors are not associated with anything mystical. It all depends on the lack or excess of melanin in the iris. Different eye colors are medically called heterochromia. In this case it happens:
- full;
- partial;
- central.
With complete heterochromia, eyes of different colors are observed. For example, one may be blue and the other brown. Some people are proud of this feature, while others find it uncomfortable. To avoid it, you can purchase contact lenses. Then the pupils will be of any shade.
With partial heterochromia, part of the iris is different in color. This may be a separate sector in one eye. With central heterochromia, the color changes in the form of rings around the pupil. Different pupil colors do not have any effect on the quality of vision. People with this feature are not color blind and have excellent vision.
However, sometimes blurred vision, heterochromia, and other manifestations are symptoms of tumors, eye and other human diseases.
Like any other color, different-colored eyes have an impact on people’s character traits. Their owners are quite contradictory, stubborn and selfish. They often like to be alone and act up.
Their positive aspects are endurance, patience, generosity and foresight.
There are people with very beautiful unusual pupil colors. For example, there are indigo eyes. They can change their shade depending on the brightness of the lighting, and they are also influenced by the state of mind of the owner.
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Enhance Charm Effect
Sometimes you want your eyes to look as impressive as possible. This raises the question of how to enhance eye color. Properly selected eye shadow will make a girl's look irresistible.
There are shadows of different shades. Each of them will decorate and emphasize the color of the pupils. For those with black eyes, blue, green, and beige shadows are suitable.
Olive, yellow, golden, emerald will look good on green eyes.
Sea green eyes will be emphasized by natural shades of eye shadow and black mascara. For brown-eyed people, cream and beige eyeshadow colors and brown mascara are suitable. Turquoise, gray, purple, brown, beige, pink - all these colors and their shades can be used in makeup for gray-eyed girls.
When applying makeup, you should remember that the beauty of the eyes must be emphasized, but at the same time preserve their naturalness and naturalness.
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Character of the owner
Such a direction in science as physiognomy will help to complement the idea of a person’s character just by looking at his eyes. Eyes yellow color talk about the originality of its owner. People with such eyes are artistic and talented; they make excellent writers, actors, and singers. They are always confident in themselves and can openly tell a person what they think about him. Sometimes their actions are unpredictable, and in unusual situations, yellow-eyed people will find a way out and remain satisfied.
Green or amber eye color. This color characterizes a gentle and sensitive nature. Green-eyed man kind, sympathetic, firm in decisions. He understands people well, strives for the ideal and demands the same from others. People with amber eyes- very good conversationalists and faithful friends. In love they are faithful, sincere and truthful. As for work, it is important for them career and prosperity.
People with pure gray eyes are very hardworking and well-read. They are characterized by goodwill, hard work, practicality, determination, curiosity and enormous patience. They can occupy leadership positions because they know how to make decisions independently, bear responsibility, and are not afraid of obstacles and difficulties. Their negative traits are stubbornness and authority. In love they are devoted and jealous. Sometimes they need a muse to thrive further.
The gray-blue tint of the eyes indicates the determination and purposefulness of the owner. Such people are calm and confident. In relationships with close people, they show reliability, but sometimes they are indifferent. Character traits in a person can be different and coincide with the characteristics of gray-eyed or blue-eyed people. It depends on concentration and proximity to one or another color of the iris.
People with gray-green eyes are fair, determined, hardworking and constant. IN difficult situations they will lend a helping hand and provide support. In a stressful environment, they are calm. Such people are used to always keeping everything under their control. They have good intuition, common sense and high self-control.
Blue-eyed people are vulnerable, romantic and dreamy. They have high creative potential and perform remarkably well in the field of art. In love, their feelings are not so deep that they can live their entire lives with one partner. Their behavior towards opponents shows coldness and cruelty. With their loved ones, they behave affectionately and unselfishly. Negative traits character is characterized by capriciousness, touchiness, and frequent mood swings. Their positive aspects are determination, activity, and exactingness.
Blue eyes are characteristic of emotional and romantic people. They are not easily frightened or confused. They are often characterized by arrogance and persistence, even if they are wrong, it is difficult to argue with them. A blue-eyed person can take revenge and be offended. On the love front it’s easy for him. He can quickly fall in love and make his chosen one fall in love with him.
