Bones are the basis of the foundations - protection of internal organs, the skeleton of the whole organism, the ability to move and live life to the fullest. But how much do you know about bones?
The record holder for the number of bones is the carp, because its skeleton consists of 4,386 bones. A very interesting comparison: the human skeleton, for example, consists of only 212 bones, along with 32 teeth
There is a real Logan-Wolverine in the world, the one made of adamantium - this is a frog from Africa Trichobatrachus robustus - at the moment of danger, its bones in its paws burst out, piercing the skin in the manner of a cat.
Scientists have not yet fully figured out how the bones are pulled inward. They believe that the frog has excellent regeneration and the wounds heal easily, just like the bones.
Large mammals such as horses, elephants, and giraffes sleep standing up. This is due to evolution, in order to immediately start running in the event of an attack.
And for this in knee joint These animals have a special “lock” that “locks” during sleep and prevents the animal from falling. By the way, flamingos also have such a “lock”.
Do you know how the Eiffel Tower was built?
The design of the Eiffel Tower was invented based on the research of Professor Hermann von Mayer. The professor examined the bone structure of the head of the femur in the place where it bends and enters the joint at an angle. The head of the bone is covered with a network of miniature bones with a strict geometric structure; it does not break under the weight of the body, since these bones redistribute the load.
The human body is constantly renewing organs, including bones. Every 7 years our bones undergo a complete renewal
Human bones are very strong. The matchbox-sized bone block can support a weight of 9 tons. The most strong bone in the human body, despite the fact that it is hollow - tibia.
True, there is an exception in the human body - the ribs are considered the most fragile, because they can break even from a moderate blow
By the way - you know that femur capable of growing in width under the increasing weight of a person. That's why fat people often the legs are positioned in a so-called “X”
Children are born without kneecaps. Only by the age of 3 do the cartilages located in place of the future calyxes ossify
By the way - the kneecaps are the most injured bone part of a person - about 1.5 million calls are made annually regarding problems with the patella
A shark does not have a bony skeleton. Her skeleton is solid cartilage (flexible bones). It is noteworthy that in order for a shark to be crushed on land, its weight is enough own body
But the garfish fish has green bones due to the increased content of biliverdin
The largest bone of known to man - upper bone blue whale The art of carving bones is called scrimshaw
The dinosaur bones you see in museums aren't really bones.
Actually, these are stones - millions of years ago, destroyed bone tissue left behind an organic sediment, which, under the influence chemical processes turned into bone-shaped stone. Mineralized dinosaur bones are called dinobon and have value in the jewelry world.
All bones in the human body are interconnected, except one - the hyoid
Pavel Filatov Thinker (5862) 7 years ago
Well, it’s not entirely correct to call teeth cats. Moreover, only enamel is hard, but at the same time it is very fragile. the most strong bone, as far as I remember, the femoral one can withstand about 1.5 tons under a vertical load. well, the fragile ones, probably, in the middle ear are the hammer, anvil and stirrup
Andreev Andrey Thinker (7745) 7 years ago
In my opinion, the cranial bone is the strongest, and the most fragile is the heel bone.
Lida Thinker (7800) 7 years ago
Functions of the musculoskeletal system. The skeleton and muscles are the supporting structures and organs of human movement. They perform protective function, limiting the cavities in which they are located internal organs. So, the heart and lungs are protected chest and muscles of the chest and back, organs abdominal cavity(stomach, intestines, kidneys) - the lower spine, pelvic bones, back and abdominal muscles, the brain is located in the cranial cavity, and spinal cord- in the spinal canal.
(Increase)
Bone. The bones of the human skeleton are formed by bone tissue - a type connective tissue. Bone tissue is supplied with nerves and blood vessels. Its cells have processes. Intercellular substance makes up 2/3 bone tissue. It is hard and dense, its properties resemble stone.
Bone cells and their processes are surrounded by tiny tubules filled with intercellular fluid. Nutrition and respiration of bone cells occurs through the intercellular fluid of the tubules.
Bone structure. The size and shape of the bones of the human skeleton are different. Bones can be long or short.
Long bones are also called tubular. They are hollow. This structure of long bones ensures their strength and lightness at the same time. It is known that a metal or plastic tube is almost as strong as a solid rod of the same material that is equal in length and diameter. In cavities tubular bones there is connective tissue rich in fat - yellow bone marrow. (Increase)
The heads of the tubular bones are formed by spongy substance. The plates of bone tissue intersect in the directions in which the bones experience the greatest tension or compression. This structure of the spongy substance also ensures the strength and lightness of the bones. The spaces between the bone plates are filled with red bone marrow, which is a hematopoietic organ.
Short bones are formed mainly by spongy substance. Flat bones, such as shoulder blades and ribs, have the same structure.
The surface of the bones is covered with periosteum. This is a thin but dense layer of connective tissue fused to the bone. Pass in the periosteum blood vessels and nerves. The ends of the bones, covered with cartilage, do not have periosteum.
(Increase)
Bone growth. During childhood and adolescence, people's bones grow in length and thickness. The formation of the skeleton ends by the age of 22-25. The growth of bone thickness is due to the fact that the cells of the inner surface of the periosteum are dividing. At the same time, new layers of cells are formed on the surface of the bone, and around these cells - intercellular substance.
Bones grow in length due to the division of cartilage cells covering the ends of the bones.
Bone growth is biologically regulated active substances, such as growth hormone secreted by the pituitary gland. If the amount of this hormone is insufficient, the child grows very slowly. Such people grow up no taller than children of 5-6 years of age. These are dwarfs. (Increase)
If in childhood the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone, a giant grows up - a person up to 2 m tall and above.
When the function of the pituitary gland increases in an adult, some parts of the body grow disproportionately, such as fingers, toes, and nose.
In adults, bones do not lengthen or thicken, but the replacement of old bone substance with new continues throughout life. Bone substance is capable of restructuring under the influence of load acting on the skeleton. For example, the bones of the big toes, on which the ballerina rests, are thickened, their mass is lightened due to the expansion of the internal cavity.
The greater the load on the skeleton, the more active the renewal processes are and the stronger the bone substance. Properly organized physical labor, physical education classes at a time when the skeleton is still forming, contribute to its development and strengthening.
Bone composition. Bones are formed by organic and inorganic substances. The meaning of mineral and organic matter easy to find out by doing a simple experiment. If you bake a bone for a long time, the water is removed from it,
Irina Kovalenko Enlightened (35892) 7 years ago
The strongest are teeth. the most fragile is anyone with osteoporosis!
mulik Connoisseur (263) 7 years ago
The strongest bone on the skull is the frontal bone. the most fragile is somewhere around the neck
Pan_Arkas Student (155) 7 years ago
The head, that's where the power is! And the most fragile thing is the spine: (((
Irina Pro (558) 7 years ago
I completely agree with Dr. Filatoff about the strongest bone, but the most fragile, in my opinion, nasal septum. Men, do you agree with me?
Human bones
Strength is the ability of a material to withstand an applied external destructive force. The strength limit of bones depends on the architectonics and density of the bone tissue itself. Shape of each bone human body(macroscopic design), determined by the need to withstand the greatest load in a certain part of the skeleton. If there is not enough calcium in the human body, then the bones are easily compressed, bent and twisted. And with an excess of calcium, bones become fragile.
Human bones are very strong; they can withstand compression loads better than tension loads. Compressive strength is 1.5 times higher than tensile strength. This is explained by the fact that the body is constantly affected by the earth's gravity.
The tensile strength of bones is 3 times greater than the tensile strength of wood (with longitudinal load on the fibers) and 9 times that of lead. And under compression - 5 times more than the tensile strength of wood and 7 times more than the tensile strength of concrete. 1 square mm of bone tissue in cross section can withstand tensile loads of up to 12 kg and compression loads of up to 16 kg.
Humans have more than 200 bones
The femur is considered the strongest, its strength is 132 MPa when stretched longitudinal axis and 58 MPa perpendicular to it. Under the action of compressive force, the strength of this bone is 187 MPa and 132 MPa, respectively. That is, it will take about 3000 kg to crush this bone under pressure.
Bone strength
In an adult healthy person The tensile strength of femur is the same as that of cast iron. This bone can withstand bending loads of up to 2500 N.
According to studies conducted in the last century, the femur can withstand a load of 7787 Ncm2. and 5500 Ncm sq. for compression and tension, respectively. A tibia– 1650 Ncm2, and this can be compared with the mass of more than 20 people.
Bogatyr Dmitry Khaladzhi constantly surprises with new records. Multi-ton vehicles run over him, he easily bends horseshoes and nails, and lifts unimaginable weights. How do such huge loads affect his body? We asked Dmitry this question during an online conference.
Your tricks are so dangerous. Do you often undergo examinations? How do these enormous physical activities affect your body?
The last time I was examined was a little over a year ago at Moscow Hospital No. 63. This is a hospital where members of the Russian Olympic team and cosmonauts are examined and treated. This took place as part of the filming of the film. They were making a documentary about phenomenal people and they suggested that I get examined there. We finally decided to find out what is the reason for performing certain power exercises, why I remain alive, why I don’t break, etc. There I was examined completely: heart, liver, kidneys. The examination showed that everything was working normally. The composition of adipose tissue was examined, general analysis blood, doping test, bone index. By the way, there was an interesting moment: when the bones were examined, it turned out that the level of my boneiness (I’m not saying this) in medical terms), my boneiness index is higher than the existing table. I think that when preparing for certain power tricks, not only muscles and tendons are trained, but also bones. Our bone is porous, but at large physical activity(for example, in those people who are engaged in breaking objects with the edge of their palm), these pores are filled with bone tissue and the bone becomes much stronger and heavier. Those. something similar happened and is happening to me.
The weather is so bad now... Are you suffering from ARVI? How are you being treated?
The last time I was sick and had a fever was in childhood. I think people get sick a lot because their immune system is weakened. People have become susceptible to all kinds of acute respiratory viral infections. Nobody knows how old AIDS is. But people did not get sick from it before, perhaps for the reason that they had such a strong immune system that it simply did not affect them. If people used to do heavy physical labor... Even 100 years ago, let’s say, a peasant, when plowing the land, walked up to 35 versts behind a plow every day during the plowing period. Can you imagine what a colossal workload this person was under? And then when he mowed, he also had to walk the same number of miles, only with a scythe. Those. people were physically very hardened. And that's why they didn't get sick. There was no such thing huge amount flu strains, a person simply dealt with them with his own immunity. I could recommend it to everyone modern people harden. You don’t have to dive into an ice hole, you don’t have to shower yourself cold water. Just don’t wrap yourself up to your eyes, but dress a little lighter to get used to the cold. I am a regular herbalist. I constantly drink some herbs throughout the year, which helps the body. Not by medication, but by natural means traditional medicine. It is not some kind of witchcraft or witchcraft. Modern medicine This is quite acceptable.
Do you know anything about herbs or do you consult someone?
I figure it out myself. There are people with whom I consult. But what exactly I need for everyday life, I understand herbs.
Watch the full video version of the online conference with Dmitry Khaladzhi
Incredible facts
Muscles and bones provide structure to our body and allow us to jump, run, or simply lie on the couch.
We have 17 muscles to smile and 43 to to frown. Therefore, this is an extremely broad and varied topic, but only the most interesting can be mentioned.
Facts about bones
Number of bones
In newborns 300 bones, and in an adult it becomes 206. The reason for many bones in babies is the division of large bones into smaller ones, which grow together with age (for example, the bones of the skull). Nature created this for newborns who need "elasticity" to be born.
Besides:
- The skeleton contains 34 unpaired bones.
- The skull bones consist of 23 units.
- Spinal column consists of 26 bones.
- The ribs and sternum are made up of 25 bones.
- Skeleton upper limbs consists of 64 bones.
- Skeleton lower limbs consists of 62 bones.
Change in human height
We are higher in the morning than in the evening approximately by 1 cm.
The cartilage between our bones is in a relaxed position at the start of the day. However, during the working day we sit, walk or do other activities, which causes the cartilage to shrink at the end of the day.
For example, in astronauts the change in height is even more interesting. During prolonged exposure to weightlessness, their growth increases by 5-8 cm.
The danger with this change in height is that it reduces the strength of the spine. Growth gradually returns to its previous parameters when the astronauts return to Earth.
After a person dies, his height increases by approximately by 5 cm compared to his height during life.
Facts about teeth
The tooth is the only part of the human body that does not recover on its own. If you have ever lost a tooth, you probably know how unpleasant it is. Once the outer shell (enamel) is damaged, you will have a quick trip to the dentist.
Interesting Facts:
- Tooth enamel is the most hard fabric, which can be produced by the body.
- Even considering that calcium is necessary, including for bone tissue, 99% calcium is found in teeth.
- Some studies prove that 2,500 years ago, the Mayan people (men) decorated their teeth with precious and semi-precious metals and stones. By this they showed the strength of their individual.
Bone Strength
Human bone is stronger some types of steel and 5 times stronger reinforced concrete. However, this does not mean that your bones cannot break.
Bones also have a very high resistance to compression and fracture.
In older people, the amount of minerals in the bones decreases, causing the bones to become brittle (osteoporosis).
Muscle Facts
Facts about language
Strongest muscle in human body- language. This means that the tongue is the strongest muscle in relation to its size.
Considering daily food intake and colloquial speech it can be argued that the language is becoming stronger every day.
Since the tongue has extreme mobility (about 80 movements), it can soak and chew food, clean teeth with solid food particles, mix saliva with food, and push already chewed food into the esophagus.
Without language we would not be able to speak.
