The question of how horses sleep arises from the fact that the animal can very often be found standing with its eyes closed and its hind leg tucked. People who have had only a little contact with horses often jump to the premature conclusion that these elegant animals sleep in a standing, upright position. The animal does not react to anything, except that the tail and ears sometimes twitch. Therefore, it seems that this is his typical form of sleep. This is true, but not entirely. Technically speaking, horses sleep standing up, but this state is rather half asleep.
Thanks to the special structure of the knee joints (if necessary, they can be locked, fixing ligaments and bones), the animal can evenly distribute the body weight between the four legs, almost without feeling its heaviness when the muscles relax. In this state, with a slightly arched lower back, lowered head, tail tip and slightly drooping lower lip, the animals doze. But it’s difficult to call it deep sleep, because how a horse usually sleeps can vary.
Let's figure out why horses sleep standing up. The reason for such vertical napping is the need to maintain safety. The animal does not see protection in enclosures and other security measures taken by humans. Instinct tells him that at the first danger he must quickly take off and run, hiding, for example, from predators. And they are in the real world, in wildlife, can appear at any time. And the animal can emerge from such a slumber almost instantly. If the horse had slept horizontally, it would have taken some time to get up and wake up completely, and these seconds could have been fatal. This is why it is more profitable for horses to sleep standing up most of the time.
But this does not mean that sleeping on your side is not necessary. On the contrary, only he is complete for this creature, while a standing horse is more likely to simply rest and restore its strength. The best option make sure you are safe and lie down. It is believed that otherwise the phases deep sleep cannot be achieved, which means that if the animal does not lie down, then it simply risks not getting enough sleep. It is difficult to escape from a predator when you are sleepy. Therefore, horses sleep lying down only if they are confident in their safety, and it is quite difficult to be sure of this, especially if there is no herd of relatives around who can warn of danger if it arises.
Let's look at how long horses sleep. The duration of their sleep is very different from that of humans. From four to fifteen hours of sleep occurs in a standing position. Lying down, horses can rest from several minutes to a couple of hours, and real restoration of strength occurs mainly in a lying position, which is why it is a priority. It is interesting that these animals have a sensitive slumber, even if the horse dozes standing for fifteen hours in a row, this period is still divided into small fragments of doze of several minutes each. Therefore, when horses doze while standing, it is extremely easy for them to wake up; they can quickly react to any changed situation.
VIVA CALCIUM, or how to avoid the fate of Semyon Semenych
“Slipped. Fell. Lost consciousness. Woke up - a cast,” - so simply, in one phrase, Semyon Semenovich Gorbunkov, the hero of the popularly beloved film, explained to those around him his broken arm. Remembering all the adventures of the hero that followed the unfortunate turning point, one involuntarily wants to smile and joke. However, when this happens in real life, we have no time for jokes. We begin to look for an answer to the question: “Why did this happen to me?”
So why do some people have very strong bones, while others have fragile ones? Why are boxers, for example, able to withstand the strongest blows, while others break their arms and legs simply by falling out of bed at night?
The main reason is the amount of calcium in the body: the lower the calcium level, the more bones are susceptible to destruction. Per condition bone tissue factors such as a person’s lifestyle and nutrition also influence. To maintain healthy bone tissue, a complex of 20 different microelements is needed. And with a chronic lack of these substances, osteoporosis develops.
Osteoporosis- an age-related disease, as a result of which the bones lose calcium, the skeleton becomes thinner, and the likelihood of fractures increases.
Calcium loss occurs within long period, unnoticed, without external manifestations. In most cases, the disease is detected after the fracture has occurred.
The process of restoration and renewal of bones is ongoing - both day and night. Bone mass in adults reaches its peak at age 30, after which it begins to decline, and bone mass becomes lighter and lighter with age.
Research shows that by age 50, many of us are in real danger of losing up to 25% of our bone mass due to osteoporosis.
Every seven to ten years, the skeleton of an adult is completely renewed. This means that if you are now thirty, your skeletal system has changed for the third or even fourth time. The question naturally arises: if our bones are renewed and replaced, then why don’t new teeth grow to replace the pulled out teeth?
Do not be misled by the statement that the human skeleton is renewed every 10 years. "New" does not mean "equal". The density of bone tissue decreases every year, the new structure gradually weakens, the bones become lighter and more fragile. Compare this process with age-related changes your skin, and you will understand what is really happening to your skeletal system!
WHO IS IN THE RISK GROUP?
Anyone can develop osteoporosis, but it happens more often in women than in men because women have much less developed bone mass. With age, due to hormonal changes, the amount of calcium in the body decreases significantly. Today every third elderly woman suffers from brittle bones.
But in Lately Osteoporosis, a disease characteristic of old age, has become significantly “younger” and is now often found in young people. Research shows that every fifth girl consumes much less calcium in food than needed.
How to prevent the development of osteoporosis?
The main culprits of the disease are a diet poor in milk proteins, abuse of coffee and carbonated drinks, and lack of calcium. Millions of people consume great amount calorie-free food, the calcium content of which is reduced or reduced to zero. Coffee, carbonated drinks, alcohol, smoking, red meat and salt are real calcium stealers and increase the risk of early osteoporosis. Therefore, after 35 years, you should reduce your coffee consumption to 2 cups a day, and do 20 minutes of exercise every day. physical exercise and include calcium in your diet.
Calcium can be easily obtained from food... Ideally, yes, but, unfortunately, coffee and alcohol destroy calcium reserves, and foods with excessive fat and fiber slow down the process of its absorption by the body. Fasting, strict diets and irregular eating habits also lead to loss of this vital mineral. Only 20-30% of calcium obtained from food is absorbed by the body, the rest is excreted through the process of natural self-purification. But vitamin D can significantly increase the body's absorption of calcium.
Calciferol- the second name for vitamin D. Its main function is the regulation of calcium metabolism in the body. With the assistance of vitamin D, calcium is absorbed in the intestines, absorbed and forms the skeleton. The same vitamin promotes the release of calcium from bones when there is a lack of it in the blood. Taking vitamin D in combination with calcium slows down the development of osteoporosis. Vitamin D is produced in the body under the influence of sun rays. For those who rarely go outside, as well as those living in regions with unfavorable natural conditions, you should remember the need to replenish your body’s supply of vitamin D.
A person's need for calcium remains throughout his life. Every day an adult should consume at least 800 mg of calcium (this approximately corresponds to its content in 1.2 liters of milk). Women, according to nutritionists, need one and a half times more of this mineral to ensure that their bones are always strong. A woman's need for calcium especially increases during pregnancy and while breastfeeding.
Calcium in nature
Calcium is a natural microelement found in abundance in the bowels of the earth and living organisms. In nature, calcium is always found in various natural compounds. One of these most commonly found compounds is calcium carbonate, or chalk. It can be used in food.
Calcium in the body
A person cannot do without calcium. 99% of all calcium in the body is found in the bones and only 1% in the blood. However, the importance of this percentage is difficult to overestimate. It affects the rhythm of the heart, muscle contraction, the transmission of information through the nervous system, and regulates blood clotting. Circulatory system cannot do without calcium, so as soon as the body begins to lack calcium, it borrows it from the bones. If such borrowing occurs constantly, it leads to the development of osteoporosis - bone tissue becomes thinner and becomes dangerously fragile.
Sources of microelements important for bone health:
Calcium- cheese, sardines, salmon, broccoli, tofu, legumes and sesame seeds, green vegetables.
Magnesium- dates, lemon, grapefruit, sprouted wheat grains, nuts, seeds.
Vitamin D- herring, mackerel, salmon, sardines, tuna.
Zinc- crabs, lean meat, sesame and pumpkin seeds, nuts, brewer's yeast, sardines, barley, oatmeal.
Vitamin C- guava, Brussels sprouts, pepper, kiwi, papaya, mango, broccoli, strawberries.
Bor- green leafy vegetables, fruits.
Vitamin K - cauliflower(raw), kale, peas, tomato, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, beans, yogurt.
Experts advise...
The best way strengthening bones - regular exercise with weight lifting, running. No less effective means is a daily 30-minute walk at a brisk pace.Sun: sunlight promotes the body's production of vitamin D, necessary for the absorption of calcium.
Food: Eat more vegetables, fruits, salads and reduce your intake of animal proteins. This will allow you to maintain normal level acidity in the stomach. It is advisable to replace meat with fish.
Beverages: Typically, carbonated drinks contain significant amounts of phosphate, which helps leach calcium from bones. Since carbonated drinks negatively affect the process of bone formation, children should limit their consumption.
Basic acids: Omega-3 fatty acid in fish, sunflower and safflower oils promote the absorption of calcium.
Limiting sugar, cigarettes, alcohol: sugar, nicotine, and alcohol cause an imbalance of estrogen/progesterone in the body, which, in turn, negatively affects the process of bone renewal.
“Take care of your hand, Senya,” Gesha Kozodoev said instructively to Semyon Semenovich. And he was right, but it’s too late. Take care of your bone tissue now to avoid anecdotal but unpleasant situations in the future. They can actually be easily avoided. You just need to take care of your body and balanced diet. How to do this - you now know.
Do you know that…
In the morning a person is about a centimeter taller than in the evening. The cartilage between the bones gets compressed due to standing, sitting, etc., which makes us a little shorter at the end of the day.
The most strong bone human skeleton - jaw. And the most strong muscle- language. Some of the strongest are also masticatory muscles. The force of their pressure in the normal state reaches from 9 to 15 kg, and when a person eats solid food (for example, nuts), the pressure of these muscles increases to 100 kg.
Bones are stronger than some types of iron. This does not mean that bones cannot be broken, since they are much less dense than iron. The tensile strength of bones is 3.5 times less than that of iron. Iron is much heavier than bones, but a bone weighing 1 kilogram is stronger than iron of the same weight.
The tooth is the only part of the human body that cannot regenerate. The surface of the tooth is covered with enamel, which is not living tissue. And this means that it cannot recover, which is what provides dentists with work.
About half of the human bones are in the feet and wrists.
The human spine consists of 33 or 34 vertebrae.
Medicines for the health of your bones:
- The drug contains a complex of peptides isolated from bone and cartilage tissues of young animals. The resulting substances selectively act on human cells, normalizing their metabolism and regulating the functions of the joints and spine.
Sigumircomprehensively restores the functions of the musculoskeletal system during pathological conditions, leading to disorders in cartilage or bone tissue, as well as after various diseases, you can check its price and buy it at the Center for Revitalization and Health. The drug is also prescribed for diseases of bones and joints due to malnutrition and aging.
The Center for Revitalization and Health sells innovative drugs at wholesale prices and with prompt delivery.
· Arthrosis and arthritis,
· Rheumatism,
· Osteochondrosis,
· Osteoporosis,
· Gout.
-
is a peptide complex containing amino acids that help normalize cartilage tissue and musculoskeletal system.
Clinical studies have established the effectiveness of Kartalax in the complex prevention and treatment of patients suffering from spinal osteochondrosis, osteoarthrosis, osteoporosis, after injuries and fractures, as well as in the prevention of sclerotic and degenerative processes in the spine and joints in elderly and old age.
The drug is combined with any drugs used to treat this group of diseases.
arthrosis and arthritis
osteochondrosis
osteoporosis
degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the joints, limbs and spine
rheumatism
consequences of joint and limb injuries
arthropathy of various etiologies
gout
systemic prevention of osteoarticular injuries in elite sports;
systemic diseases connective tissue
preoperative and postoperative periods during joint operations
conditions after extreme physical activity
prevention of degenerative processes in the spine and joints in elderly and senile people
-
Peptide complex for bone tissue. Contains cartilage peptides.
prevention premature aging
fractures
osteoporosis
Pavel Filatov Thinker (5862) 7 years ago
Well, it’s not entirely correct to call teeth cats. Moreover, only enamel is hard, but at the same time it is very fragile. the most strong bone, as far as I remember, the femoral one can withstand about 1.5 tons under a vertical load. well, the fragile ones, probably, in the middle ear are the hammer, anvil and stirrup
Andreev Andrey Thinker (7745) 7 years ago
In my opinion, the cranial bone is the strongest, and the most fragile is the heel bone.
Lida Thinker (7800) 7 years ago
Functions of the musculoskeletal system. The skeleton and muscles are the supporting structures and organs of human movement. They perform protective function, limiting the cavities in which they are located internal organs. So, the heart and lungs are protected chest and muscles of the chest and back, organs abdominal cavity(stomach, intestines, kidneys) - the lower spine, pelvic bones, back and abdominal muscles, the brain is located in the cranial cavity, and spinal cord- in the spinal canal.
(Increase)
Bone. The bones of the human skeleton are formed by bone tissue, a type of connective tissue. Bone tissue is supplied with nerves and blood vessels. Its cells have processes. The intercellular substance makes up 2/3 of bone tissue. It is hard and dense, its properties resemble stone.
Bone cells and their processes are surrounded by tiny tubules filled with intercellular fluid. Nutrition and respiration of bone cells occurs through the intercellular fluid of the tubules.
Bone structure. The size and shape of the bones of the human skeleton are different. Bones can be long or short.
Long bones are also called tubular. They are hollow. This structure of long bones ensures their strength and lightness at the same time. It is known that a metal or plastic tube is almost as strong as a solid rod of the same material that is equal in length and diameter. In cavities tubular bones there is connective tissue rich in fat - yellow bone marrow. (Increase)
The heads of the tubular bones are formed by spongy substance. The plates of bone tissue intersect in the directions in which the bones experience the greatest tension or compression. This structure of the spongy substance also ensures the strength and lightness of the bones. The spaces between the bone plates are filled with red bone marrow, which is a hematopoietic organ.
Short bones are formed mainly by spongy substance. Flat bones, such as shoulder blades and ribs, have the same structure.
The surface of the bones is covered with periosteum. This is a thin but dense layer of connective tissue fused to the bone. The periosteum contains blood vessels and nerves. The ends of the bones, covered with cartilage, do not have periosteum.
(Increase)
Bone growth. During childhood and adolescence, people's bones grow in length and thickness. The formation of the skeleton ends by the age of 22-25. The growth of bone thickness is due to the fact that the cells of the inner surface of the periosteum are dividing. At the same time, new layers of cells are formed on the surface of the bone, and around these cells - intercellular substance.
Bones grow in length due to the division of cartilage cells covering the ends of the bones.
Bone growth is biologically regulated active substances, such as growth hormone secreted by the pituitary gland. If the amount of this hormone is insufficient, the child grows very slowly. Such people grow up no taller than children of 5-6 years of age. These are dwarfs. (Increase)
If in childhood the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone, a giant grows up - a person up to 2 m tall and above.
When the function of the pituitary gland increases in an adult, some parts of the body grow disproportionately, such as fingers, toes, and nose.
In adults, bones do not lengthen or thicken, but the replacement of old bone substance with new continues throughout life. Bone substance is capable of restructuring under the influence of load acting on the skeleton. For example, the bones of the big toes, on which the ballerina rests, are thickened, their mass is lightened due to the expansion of the internal cavity.
The greater the load on the skeleton, the more active the renewal processes are and the stronger the bone substance. Properly organized physical labor, physical education classes at a time when the skeleton is still forming, contribute to its development and strengthening.
Bone composition. Bones are formed by organic and inorganic substances. The meaning of mineral and organic matter easy to find out by doing a simple experiment. If you bake a bone for a long time, the water is removed from it,
Irina Kovalenko Enlightened (35892) 7 years ago
The strongest are teeth. the most fragile is anyone with osteoporosis!
mulik Connoisseur (263) 7 years ago
The strongest bone on the skull is the frontal bone. the most fragile is somewhere around the neck
Pan_Arkas Student (155) 7 years ago
The head, that's where the power is! And the most fragile thing is the spine: (((
Irina Pro (558) 7 years ago
I completely agree with Dr. Filatoff about the strongest bone, but the most fragile, in my opinion, nasal septum. Men, do you agree with me?
And with or without help.
Please note: there is a minor difference between vulnerabilities and pain points. Places are fairly large areas. And the points are exactly where you need to poke, aim, and mark. Whereas you can hit places almost without looking - you’ll still get there. Naturally, it is preferable to hit places rather than points - the chances of success are higher.
The difference between pain points and vulnerable points is also significant. For example, there is a pain point behind a person’s cheekbone. But! She can’t do anything except get sick, and not very badly. It can be used to torture someone. But not for effective self-defense. So don't get too carried away with the pain points. Rather, pay attention to vulnerable spots.
Location of vulnerable points on the human body
To the areas where there are vulnerable points of the body , include the perineum, solar plexus, ribs, heart, liver, spleen, armpits, kidneys, tailbone.
Through crotch area many large vessels and nerves pass through, above are the genital organs, which themselves are very sensitive. A blow to the perineum causes a painful shock and the danger of bladder rupture.
Dot solar plexus located in the center of the chest. Many vital organs (heart, liver, stomach) are located near the solar plexus. This is where the largest concentration of nerves is located. There are no ribs in this area, so it is unprotected and a blow to it produces a very strong painful effect. Painful shock, difficulty breathing, stomach bleeding, interruptions in heart function, loss of consciousness - that’s far from full list consequences of such a blow.
By the way, there are vulnerabilities good book — .
By its structure ribs– the most fragile bones in humans. Therefore, fractures of the 5th-8th ribs occur even with impacts of moderate force. Broken ribs cause painful shock, and their fragments can damage vital organs.
In the area of the lower ribs there are liver and spleen. A blow to the liver is especially effective, since, even if not very strong, it leads to damage to the organ, which entails complete incapacitation of the enemy. The liver is located under the lower ribs with right side, and you should strike with your left hand (fist, elbow, edge of the palm) and knee in close combat, or use a direct strike with your left foot from a medium distance and right foot with the lateral (outer edge of the foot). Similarly, blows are applied to the area of the spleen, taking into account that it is on the left.
IN armpits large blood vessels and nerves pass through. Unlike many other areas of the body, they have neither bone nor muscle protection, so the sensation of a blow to the armpits is similar to a strong electric shock. As a result of such a blow, a painful shock and the inability to use the arm occur.
Kidneys are located in close proximity to back wall abdominal cavity. They do not have bone protection, so they are very vulnerable. When the kidneys are hit, severe painful sensations, their rupture and internal hemorrhage are possible. The portal “Weapons that are better than weapons” recommends finding your own kidneys first. And poke it a couple of times. For testing. When delivering a blow, it should be taken into account that the kidneys are located approximately at the same level as the elbow joint of the arm straightened along the body.
Kick in coccyx area may damage central nervous system and call severe pain or even paralysis.
TO vulnerable points of the head include the nasal bones, brow ridge, lower jaw, ears, eyes, zygomatic arches, temple, occipital part.
Nasal bones located in the area of the junction of the nasal cartilage and the skull, between the eyebrows. A blow to the nasal bones causes profuse bleeding, which makes breathing difficult, also impairs vision and can lead to painful shock. The most dangerous is a blow to the nose from bottom to top with the heel of the palm. It is convenient to use in close combat. With an accurate hit or even a slight blow, the enemy can be killed.
On brow ridge clusters of nerve endings and small blood vessels. When struck in the brow ridge, the vessels burst, causing hemorrhage into the eyes, which impairs vision, and the impact on the nerve endings guarantees a strong pain effect.
Zygomatic arch, located under the eye, is quite fragile and is easily injured by a blow with a fist, which leads to painful shock and loss of vision.
Eyes– the most vulnerable area of the head. The eyes are completely unprotected from mechanical influence. Even slightly touching them leads to long-term vision loss. Therefore, any blows to the eyes or pressure with fingers are extremely effective.
Lower jaw is movable bone formation, and this is where its vulnerability lies, since a blow delivered to this place can cause its displacement with simultaneous rupture of the muscles attached to the fixed part of the skull, as well as crush the bone, which leads to painful shock and loss of consciousness in the enemy. In boxing, this point is known as the knockout area.
Kick in chin may cause the opponent to lose consciousness as a result of a concussion or knocked out lower jaw. As a result of a blow delivered from below, the tongue can be seriously injured.
Palm strike ears leads to damage to the outer ear and, as a result, to deterioration of hearing. The area near the ears contains many blood vessels and nerves, so a blow here causes bleeding and loss of consciousness due to painful shock.
IN temple area The bones of the skull are the thinnest and can be pierced with a relatively weak blow. The consequences of fractures at these points can be fatal.
When the enemy turns around, along with blows to the kidneys, blows to the occipital part . IN in this case the base of the skull is affected, and if the blow is strong enough, then the consequences can be the most severe, but if not so effective attack The enemy is temporarily disorientated and in pain.
Neck is the location of vital blood vessels on the sides, the cervical vertebrae on the back, and the extremely vulnerable “Adam’s apple” in the throat. Strong blows that damage the vertebrae can cause paralysis. Side blows to the neck, performed with the edge of the palm, can cause a sharp disruption of blood circulation in the brain, which, in turn, can lead to loss of consciousness. A precise blow to the throat, in addition to severe pain, causes breathing to stop due to a sharp contraction of the muscles in the throat area.
TO vulnerable points of the lower and upper limbs include the kneecaps, the outer and inner parts of the knee, lower leg, foot, thigh muscles on the legs and elbow joint, hands and fingers.
The most effective attacks are in elbow joint And kneecap of the supporting leg. A blow to these areas causes severe pain and joint stiffness.
Direct blow to the outside knee leads to destruction of the joint due to its unnatural deflection in the other direction and causes severe pain and immobility of the knee. A blow to the inside of the knee damages the ligaments and tendons around the kneecap, causing severe pain and immobility. knee joint. A blow to the kneecap causes its displacement and makes the limb immobile.
The most effective blow in shin is a blow with the outer edge of the foot approximately at the level of one third of the length of the lower leg from below. In this place, the bone is the least protected and thin, which can cause a fracture, and if the blow is not too strong, it can cause very painful sensations.
IN foot The thinnest and most fragile bones of the legs are located. They can easily be destroyed, but the arsenal of attacks on these vulnerable spots is not rich. These are basically downward strikes with the heel or sole of the foot. More often they are applied when the enemy is behind the attacker.
The blow struck thigh muscles, leads to their paralysis as a result of a sharp contraction. In close combat, a knee strike is effective; at medium range, a side kick with the instep of the foot is effective.
The elbow bends, hands and fingers are the objects of attack mainly when performing painful techniques to break joints.
Vulnerable points on the human body, together with other articles in the “” series, will help to reliably form.
