Like any other contraceptives, emergency contraception is aimed at preventing an unwanted pregnancy, but does not suppress one that has already occurred. This is the main difference between the means emergency contraception from abortion.
As you know, there is a period of 72 hours (or 96 depending on the medication) from the moment of unprotected sex, during which conception can still be prevented. It is during this period of time that it is necessary to take emergency contraceptive pills, otherwise it will not bring the desired effect and pregnancy will still occur.
Such contraceptives are not oral, taken every day as planned at the same time. Emergency contraception drugs work by containing high concentrations of the hormone levonorgestrel. It is he who, when promptly present in the body, corrects the “mistakes” of other types of contraceptive methods (for example, in the case of a condom rupture).
It is important to understand that this is not the safest method and can only be used in extreme cases and as rarely as possible. If situations that force you to take these medications occur frequently, try to find a method of birth control that is more suitable for you and is safer for your health.
IN given time in the territory Russian Federation and the CIS, the following representatives of the class of emergency contraception are available for sale:
- Postinor produced in a package of two tablets, each containing 750 mcg of levonorgestrel
- Escapelle levonorgestrel is dosed at 1.5 mg and is sold in packages of 1 tablet.
- Gynepristone dosed at 10 mg of mifeston - the only non-hormonal representative
Periods after EC
The arrival of menstruation after medicinal postcoital contraception is one of the main indicators that conception has not occurred. Due to the high content of the hormone, you can be sure that taking it, even repeatedly, will go unnoticed by your body. Delay in in this case not an exception.
Most often, a delay of 3-5 days is likely, for example, after postinor, a delay in menstruation is considered normal if it does not exceed 7 days. But there are other options - critical days may also start a few days earlier. Sometimes even weeks, that is, almost a couple of days after taking the drug. Such drugs have such by-effect, like intermenstrual bleeding, this happens when taking pills in the second half of the cycle.
Severe bleeding - requiring more than one sanitary pad for 3 hours - is a reason for urgent medical attention. In any other case, the unscheduled arrival of “these things” can be considered the norm.
In this case, it is impossible to reliably predict the day of menstruation. If your expected period does not come even on the seventh day, then this is possible sign Moreover, despite all the measures taken, fertilization still occurred.
In what cases should you refuse postcoital contraception:
- in the presence of liver diseases in the present (cirrhosis, hepatitis, jaundice...) or cases of their occurrence in the past
- in case of too young age (up to 16 -18 years)
- presence of pregnancy
- lactation period (breastfeeding a child)
- in case of an allergy to the components of the medication (during the previous use of similar medications or the same one, itching, rash, etc. were observed)
Before taking any medication, it is better to consult a doctor in case of individual contraindications. And in the urgent case of using emergency contraception, follow the instructions. But don't let it be of any use to you.
A woman's reproductive age is considered vulnerable to many pathological processes of the genital tract. This dependence is explained by hormonal fluctuations directly related to the menstrual cycle. An endometrioid ovarian cyst is proof of this.
The appearance of tissue similar in its morphological structure to the tissue of the inner layer of the uterus (endometrium) is called endometriosis. Depending on the location of endometrioid foci, internal and external are distinguished. endometriosis. Internal is characterized by the appearance of endometrioid foci (heterotopias) in the myometrium and is called adenomyosis.
If the lesions find a place on the pelvic organs (intestines, peritoneum, ovaries, rectum) without involving the layers of the uterus in the process, they speak of external endometriosis. Endometrial-like tissue enters the peritoneum through the fallopian tubes along with menstrual blood. Having “loved” their habitat, foreign cells “settle” and begin their development, affecting the organ. Most often, endometrioid tissue “likes” the ovary, an organ involved in hormonal regulation menstrual cycle and actively working during childbearing age.
Arrived endometrioid cells, attached to the surface ovary, demarcate themselves from neighboring areas and build themselves a “house-capsule”, which creates comfortable conditions for the outbreak for further growth in the cortical layer of the ovary. Monthly processes that run parallel to the menstrual cycle help to grow old cysts and form new ones.
In addition, external endometriosis is often combined with internal endometriosis. If heterotopias “settle” in the fallopian tube, then there is a risk the onset of ectopic (ectopic) pregnancy. Spread of endometriotic lesions in the body of the uterus deprives the fertilized egg of the possibility of normal implantation, which often leads to embryo rejection.
Early is important visiting an antenatal clinic if pregnancy is suspected, which can be maintained if all recommendations and prescriptions are followed. Hormone therapy during gestation and postpartum period can help cope with the disease.
The causes of infertility with endometrioid ovarian cysts are often changes in the ovary itself and hormonal disorders, preventing normal ovulation. However, infertility with endometrioma is not a death sentence and pregnancy is possible. Moreover, there is a possibility of its normal course and regression of pathological phenomena in the lesions by the end of pregnancy, due to the growth of decidual tissue in the cyst cavity.
Conservative and surgical treatment of endometrioid cysts
Conservative treatment is independently provided in cases of asymptomatic disease with small cysts that do not threaten to rupture. Therapy comes down to the use of drugs that regulate hormonal status body. Hormonal treatment is the main one, and other methods are added to it and consist of symptomatic treatment (painkillers and anti-inflammatory therapy, immunomodulatory and vitamin complex). In cases of endometrioid ovarian cyst, preference should still be given to surgical treatment, and conservative treatment should be used as an auxiliary one.
Laparoscopic treatment of endometrioid cyst carried out through an endoscope using micro-instruments. The progress of the operation, displayed on the monitor, allows the doctor to navigate the features pathological process and make decisions during the intervention. The outcome of the operation provides the following options:
- removing only the cyst if it is sufficient large sizes and is well delimited by the capsule from nearby tissues;
- cyst removal with economical ovarian resection, allowing you to save part of the organ;
- complete removal of the organ.
An intraoperative (during surgery - cito!) examination of the walls of the cyst helps the doctor come to such a decision. In cases of malignancy (appearance of malignant cells), the doctor decides to expand the scope of the operation. After the intervention, the extracted material to avoid possible errors in mandatory sent for a routine histological examination to confirm the diagnosis.
Laparotomy - involves the removal of a cyst, part or organ by abdominal surgery, which is more traumatic for a woman. Examination of the extracted material is similar to laparoscopy.
For any surgical method postoperative treatment period requires hormonal correction, so the purpose hormonal drugs is mandatory. Physiotherapeutic treatment in postoperative period promotes organ restoration and prevents the formation of adhesions.
The main cause of the development of a chocolate ovarian cyst, or, as it is also called, endometrioid, is the disease “endometriosis”. It is characterized by the fact that on the organs reproductive system areas begin to form covered with the endometrium, the tissue that forms the inner lining of the uterus. Hyperplastic changes lead to the fact that the altered lesions begin to peel off depending on the phase menstrual cycle.
The cyst is formed in the form of a capsule, whose inner walls are also covered with endometrium. Due to the accumulation of exfoliated tissue, the capsule increases in size.
Note. The contents of the cyst have a thick consistency and dark color, which is where the name “chocolate” came from.
The following factors can provoke the appearance of such a neoplasm:
- hormonal disorders;
- pathologies of the endocrine system;
- diseases of the pelvic organs;
- malfunctions of the immune system;
- injuries;
- previous surgical procedures;
- abortions;
- incorrect use of oral contraceptives;
- constant stress;
- hereditary predisposition.
Characteristic signs
Chocolate cyst Maybe for a long time don't show yourself. Usually first a worrying sign the menstrual cycle becomes irregular. During the secretion phase, the neoplasm increases in size due to the thickening of the endometrial layer. In this case, unpleasant sensations may occur.
In general, the symptoms of a chocolate cyst are:
- discomfort in the lower abdomen, pulling sensations;
- menstrual cycle disorders, increased duration;
- pain during or after sexual intercourse;
- abnormal vaginal discharge;
- urinary disorders;
- bloating, flatulence;
- constipation;
- intoxication of the body;
- problems conceiving a child.
Impact on women's health
Important! There is a risk of the cyst torsion or rupture. In this case, the woman feels sharp pain in the stomach, developing severe symptoms inflammation and intoxication. To avoid the development of sepsis and other complications, immediate surgical assistance is required.
Also, a chocolate ovarian cyst can affect pregnancy. This is expressed in the following consequences:
- problems with conception, infertility;
- ectopic pregnancy;
- the risk of complications during pregnancy;
- miscarriage.
Diagnostics
To identify the problem, it is necessary to undergo a series of studies. An endometrioid cyst has 4 stages of development:
- at the first stage, small inclusions do not cause concern because they are unnoticeable;
- at the second stage, the size of the formation increases, it is possible to palpate it during a gynecological examination;
- at the third stage, the pathology spreads to the second ovary;
- the fourth stage is characterized by severe endometriosis with the involvement of neighboring organs and large bilateral formations that provoke infertility.
Important! Often an endometrioid cyst is discovered by chance. Special attention Diagnosis should be given in the presence of other pathologies of the pelvic organs, in particular endometriosis.
Diagnostics consists of using the following methods:
- gynecological examination;
- tomography;
- hysteroscopy;
- cytological and histological studies;
- complex blood test;
- laparoscopy.
Treatment methods
The sooner treatment for a chocolate ovarian cyst is started, the greater the woman’s chances of becoming pregnant and successfully bearing a child. Small tumors can be cured by performing conservative therapy. Its essence lies in the prescription of hormonal drugs to restore balance in the body. It is also important to conduct symptomatic treatment and eliminate other causes that can provoke the disease.
The content of the article
Chocolate cyst usually small in size, often bilateral, contains a thick dark brown liquid and, as a rule, is accompanied by massive inflammatory adhesions to neighboring organs. The cyst is a consequence of implantation into the ovary of the endometrium, carried through the fallopian tubes from the uterine cavity. The endometrium develops on the surface of the ovaries and goes through all phases of the menstrual cycle until the release of menstrual blood. As a result of this, aseptic inflammatory adhesions with the surrounding peritoneum and organs (uterus, fallopian tubes, sigmoid and rectum, bladder).Currently, most authors consider chocolate cyst as ovarian endometriosis.
