... There are many signs that distinguish a person from an animal. I don’t mean that a person is smart, but an animal is stupid. The animal is not stupid at all. An animal has a great mind, but its mind is always connected with a certain situation. And a person is always in an unforeseen situation. And here he has “two legs”: intellect and conscience. Just as conscience without developed intellect is blind, so intellect without conscience is dangerous.
We live in very interesting times. And although there are no uninteresting times, there are times in which historians, leaving blank pages, note that nothing happened. And those pages that are completely covered are dedicated to a time in which life presents nothing easy. She then demands a lot from a person. A person ceases to be a cog; many situations arise when a choice arises: to act in one way or another. Which one? He has been given a conscience for this, and therefore he can be judged. You can’t judge a stone for falling down, but not telling you: “I was in this situation, I didn’t want anything bad, but there were such circumstances, I couldn’t do otherwise...” This is not true! There are no circumstances when you cannot do otherwise. And if you still have such circumstances, it means you have no conscience. Conscience is what dictates what to do when there is a choice. But there is always a choice... Choice is a difficult thing, so it’s easier to be a fool; a fool is not asked: “I was ordered, but what could I do?” “They brought me, and you should try it yourself...”
I will recall the words of the Decembrist Pushchin, a friend of Pushkin, spoken by him in a conversation with the Tsar. The man, whose hands were cuffed, answered Nikolai’s question: “How did you decide to do such a thing?” - answered: “Otherwise I would consider myself a scoundrel.” By this he wanted to say: I have a conscience, I have a choice - either my hands are in chains, or I will consider myself a scoundrel. History has shown that the high morality of the Decembrists helped them endure the most difficult trials that befell them in Siberia.
So what do people learn? People learn Knowledge. People learn Memory. People learn Conscience. And only in this case can we talk about human culture. Of course, you can’t do it this way: I woke up today, wanted to become cultured and began to sympathize with the humiliated and insulted. This does not happen, and the best intentions will not help here. We need to develop a soul.
(According to Yu.M. Lotman)
Lotman Yuri Mikhailovich (1922-1993) - Russian literary critic, Pushkin scholar, philologist, teacher, cultural critic.
Text by Yu.M. Lotman about human moral culture.
Problem Author's position
1. The problem of choice. (What should a person be guided by when making a choice?) 1. When choosing what to do in a given situation, a person should be guided by conscience and intellect.
2. The problem of overcoming life's difficulties. (What helps a person to withstand the most difficult trials in life?)
2. High morality helps a person to withstand the most difficult trials of life.
3. The problem of forming a person’s moral culture. (How is a person’s moral culture formed?) 3. Only those people who have patiently educated their souls, striving to develop the best qualities in themselves, have a high moral culture.
4 The problem of conscience. (What is conscience? Why does a person need it?
Is it possible to sacrifice your conscience?)4. Conscience distinguishes a person from an animal, helps him to right choice. You cannot compromise your conscience.
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If we deeply understand judgments about stupidity, then many scientists and psychologists agree that stupidity is rather a temporary state of mind, with which a person does not live his whole life. But the time interval for such a “problem” may be different. For some, a month is enough to change their condition and get back into the groove of a wise and intelligent person. For others, even five years is not enough.
If we put the question from a slightly different angle and consider stupidity from the point of view of the problems that it brings, then we can definitely say that there are very few positive aspects in stupidity, both for the person himself and for his environment. So how can you recognize a stupid person? Most often, if a person is stupid, then you can notice several signs in him that recognize him.
Signs of a stupid person
There are many superficial reasons for considering a person stupid. But all of them can be combined into the main six signs of a stupid person.
So by what signs can you understand that a person is stupid? Let's figure it out.
Constant monologue
Dialogue is an exchange useful information between interlocutors. The ability to listen and hear your companion is an important component of communications with people in society. Only a stupid person lacks this component. Anyone who does not understand and accept the main factors that contribute to healthy communication between people will find it difficult to find an interlocutor and achieve a high place in society.
No one wants to regularly communicate with a person who constantly uses monologues in speech and is not able to listen to the interlocutor.
Confidence in one's rightness
Stupid people rarely pay attention to the diversity of the world. They do not take other people's opinions and views into account. Moreover, many of them believe that the planet Earth is absolutely round and has no trace of flattening. This view of the world is the highest degree of stupidity.
It is simply impossible to convince stupid people with such thinking of anything. No matter what evidence the interlocutor or scientific literature provides them with, such people will stand their ground and turn a blind eye to all the arguments of the opposite side.
Indifference to other people's opinions
A person suffering from stupidity is deeply convinced that the interlocutor is interested in himself. He is completely indifferent to the needs and interests of his opponent. The reasons for this behavior lie in the conviction that one is right. The consequence of this is that there is no need for feedback and selfishness.
Division into bad and good
The sign of a stupid person is also found in those who are able to divide life only into black and white, bad and good. Ignoring shades and nuances can lead a fool into complex life situations and despondency. After all, in a person’s life there are sometimes more negative moments and situations than positive ones. But it is also necessary to highlight in them positive aspects and take them into account in the future. But when a person has only negativity in his life (according to his judgment, of course), then he can lead his life to a dead end or even fall into depression.
Life is very multifaceted, and is not divided only into black and white. It all depends on the situation, the person’s worldview and his capabilities.
Gross violation of etiquette rules
The main and most important rules Etiquette is instilled in every person in childhood. But if for a child it is also permissible by the rules, then for an adult educated person obliged to adhere to them.
A sign of stupidity is considered to be loud behavior of a person in places where this is inappropriate: in the workplace, in public transport, in the theatre. There are, of course, exceptions in the form of charismatic people with a “loud” disposition. But they also allow themselves such behavior only in places that are permissible for this.
No fear
In our society we also have to deal with people who are absolutely not afraid of anything. Jumping off a cliff, endless fights and insane behavior? Of course, this is about them. The absence of fear is comparable to the absence of the instinct of self-preservation, and this is not only a sign of stupidity in a person, but also a signal of a serious mental illness. A person in any situation must control his actions and analyze them so as not to harm his body. This is inherent in us by nature itself.
The other side of this coin is constant fears that are not based on panic attacks. A person with signs of stupidity is afraid to make a phone call, go out into a crowded place, read poetry in public, or go for an interview. This behavior is most often not associated with psychological diseases, but speaks of a person’s lack of understanding of why he needs this at all. This is necessary to overcome difficulties and gain experience. Without this experience and certain skills, a person will not be able to make his way in society and overcome his fears.
Signs of an intelligent person: interesting facts
What are the fundamental differences between smart and stupid people? In outlook on life and behavior in society. With smart people things are a little more complicated. As mentioned above, stupidity is a temporary state of mind. Smart people have the main thing distinctive feature is memory, thanks to which a person quickly remembers information, and brain activity, which contributes to the rapid processing of information. Below is a detailed list of signs of an intelligent person.
Versatility
IN modern society It is important and necessary to know information not only that a person needs here and now, but also that which can help in the future. This is one of the main factors by which a person's intelligence is assessed. The point is not only the need to know a large amount of information, but also an interest in many aspects of life.
For example, working as a teacher of the Russian language, a person is also studying foreign languages, anatomy and scientific literature. At the same time, such hobbies include embroidery and shooting lessons. This example shows the versatility of an intelligent person who does not focus only on himself or his main job.
Attentiveness
Smart people pay attention to their interlocutor and his interests. Also, such people like to receive information more than to give it. A person who is interested in communicating with different people, getting smarter.
Moral values
Humiliation and immorality are considered unacceptable for intelligent people, no matter what the other person is. Such citizens understand that they will not elevate themselves by humiliating or insulting anyone. Also smart people do not deliberately show all their advantages and skills for the sake of recognition by society or any benefit. They will hide their talents until they really need them.
Responsibility
For smart people, attentiveness and responsibility are very important, especially when it comes to work. They are able not only to develop independently, but also to help their colleagues advance in their careers. career ladder. This is based on the desire to work with smart and educated people in a healthy team. For an intelligent person, the quality of work comes first, and then the quantity and career ladder.
Education
Today, education is a fundamental fact for a career. Without higher education it is almost impossible to obtain a leadership position or high paying job. This is why most people believe that obtaining a higher education is one of the most important aspects in a person's life. But even if smart people have a few shortcomings, they will not bring it to public view, since for an intelligent person constant self-education is much more important than a narrow specialty for life.
Optimism
Scientists have long proven that our thoughts are interconnected with events in our lives. Of course, this does not mean that if you just want a huge cottage on the shores of the Caribbean Sea, tomorrow a person will have the keys to it. Thoughts are material in the sense that a person adjusts his thinking to the desired outcome of an event.
For example, having prepared for layoffs in advance, there is a high probability that the person will actually be fired. And the point here is far from being about magic, but about the fact that, having learned about the layoff, a person begins to fill all his thoughts with this negativity, while doing nothing to avoid being fired.
Smart people know that the right mindset and optimism helps in life and makes it easier. Positive thoughts help you quickly absorb information and solve problems. Even when bad moments come in the lives of smart people, they think ahead and, most likely, already know how to overcome the crisis.
How to distinguish a smart person from a fool?
It is quite easy to test a person's intelligence. One has only to carefully observe his behavior in different cases life and talk to him. If a person with intelligence is easy enough to identify in a short time, then it is necessary to contact a fool for longer. After all, a person’s intelligence is immediately visible, but stupidity may not always manifest itself. But a person does not always have free time to compare smart and stupid people. And sometimes you want to immediately understand who you are dealing with, and not waste your free time and emotions on fools. So how can you tell a stupid person from a smart person in a couple of minutes?
- The first thing the interlocutor should pay attention to is the emotions with which the person receives criticism. A smart person will calmly take all claims personally and try to listen to other people’s opinions. A fool will reject all negative comments about his personality and stand his ground.
- Tell a person that he is not competent in his specialty and does not have special mental abilities. Stupid people are selfish people who believe that they have a complete understanding of not only their work responsibilities, but also many aspects of life. A fool never admits to himself or others that he is such. Smart people most often believe that they do not know much and do not recognize themselves as gifted people.
- For a person with intelligence, the main component of life is constant development and recycling new information. Such people cannot be without sources of new information and people for long. Smart people see society as colossal; they learn from other people and are not afraid to ask them for help. Fools, on the contrary, have a rather narrow outlook, the result of which is the same type of thoughts and standard thinking. Such people do not develop in any way, considering themselves sufficiently educated and gifted.
- Smart people do not wallow in illusions and do not wear rose-colored glasses. Only fools who are unable to soberly assess the situation and make the right choice are actively involved in this, which is why they constantly sit in place or step on the same rake. People with intelligence are able to quickly analyze a situation, find the right way out of it and see the prospects for their solution.
It is difficult to classify oneself as a particular category of people, since most often a person does not see himself from the outside. You can ask your loved ones and relatives for help. If certain signs of a stupid person have been noticed, introspection and constant self-development will help to cope with the problem. It is also necessary to listen to the opinions of your own environment and analyze them. After all, sometimes what appears to be black turns out to be colored at a certain angle.
There are many signs that distinguish a person from an animal. I don’t mean that a person is smart, but an animal is stupid. The animal is not stupid at all. An animal has a great mind, but its mind is always connected with a certain situation. You know the expression: “Like a ram before a new gate.” This does not mean that the ram is a stupid animal. Ram has high level intelligence. But his intellect is chained to certain situation, he gets lost. And a person is always in an unforeseen situation. And here he has only two legs: intellect and conscience. Just as conscience without developed intellect is blind but not dangerous, so intellect without conscience is dangerous. We live in very interesting times. And although there are no uninteresting times, there are times in which historians, leaving blank pages, note that nothing happened. And those pages that are completely covered with writing, at such a time life is nothing easy. She then demands a lot from a person. A person ceases to be a cog, he has many situations when he has the opportunity to choose: to act in one way or another. Which one? He has been given a conscience for this and therefore he can be judged. You can’t judge a stone for falling down, but don’t say to yourself: “I was in this situation, I didn’t want anything bad, but there were such circumstances, I couldn’t do otherwise.” . . It is not true! There are no circumstances when you cannot do otherwise. And if we still have such circumstances, it means we have no conscience. Conscience is what dictates what to do when there is a choice. But there is always a choice. . . Choice is a difficult thing, so it’s easier to be a fool; a fool won’t ask: “I was ordered, but what could I do? ", "They brought me, and you should try it yourself. . . “I will recall the words of the Decembrist Pushchin, a friend of Pushkin, spoken by him in a conversation with the Tsar. A man whose hands were cuffed responded to Nikolai’s question: “How did you decide to do such a thing? “answered: “Otherwise I would consider myself a scoundrel.” By this he said: I have a conscience, I have a choice: either these hands are in these chains, or I will consider myself a scoundrel. History has shown that the high morality of these people helped them endure the most difficult trials that befell them in Siberia. And physically they were better preserved than those who, in the same Nicholas era, betrayed their friends, then made a career, and everything outwardly went well and wonderfully for them. . . So what do people learn? People learn Knowledge, people learn Memory, people learn Conscience. These are three subjects that are necessary in any School, and which art includes. And art is essentially the Book of Memory and Conscience. We just need to learn to read this Book. I hope that this is why we have gathered here. (Yuri Mikhailovich Lotman)
Introduction Conscience... Each of us has it. It is the problem of conscience that Yuri Mikhailovich Lotman, the author of the text I read, raises.
Commentary The problem stated in the text is moral. It remains relevant at all times. The author reveals the problem of conscience with the help of a historical example. He talks about the high morality of the Decembrists, about their honor. Yuri Mikhailovich draws our attention to this by resorting to such a technique as quotation. And the author also encourages you to listen to your conscience, so as not to feel like a scoundrel later.
The author's position is obvious. He believes that a person, if he has a choice, should choose the path that his conscience dictates.
My own opinion I, of course, agree with the author’s opinion. A person must always act as his conscience tells him.
First argument An example of this is the work “Crime and Punishment” by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. Main character the novel commits a crime, after which he is tormented by remorse. He thinks endlessly about what he did. He ashamed. These pangs of conscience are his punishment. From this we can conclude that he still has a conscience, which prompts the hero to repent.
Second argument Or another example, but from Everyday life. I have a friend who was raised in a good family. Once upon a time test work she managed to write it off. For several days my friend was tormented by what she had done. In the end, she went and told the teacher everything. This example proves that a person who has a conscience always chooses the right, and most importantly, an honest path.
Conclusion I believe that a person should listen to himself. Make choices based on your conscience. It is then that he will be honest with himself and others.
Ivan Maslyukov
Director, entrepreneur. Creator of the international network of urban games Encounter.
1. An intelligent person talks with a purpose
In a meeting, by phone, in chat. Conversation is a tool to achieve a goal.
Stupid people talk for the sake of talking. This is how they indulge their laziness when they are busy. Or they struggle with boredom and idleness in their free time.
2. Feels comfortable alone
A smart person is not bored with his thoughts. He understands that important events and discoveries can occur within a person.
Stupid people, on the contrary, try with all their might to avoid loneliness: being left alone with themselves, they are forced to observe their own emptiness. Therefore, it seems to them that important and meaningful things can only happen around them. They follow the news, seek out companies and parties, and check social networks a hundred times a day.
3. Trying to keep balance
- Between outside experience (movies, books, stories from friends) and one’s own experience.
- Between believing in himself and realizing that he could be wrong.
- Between ready-made knowledge (templates) and new knowledge (thinking).
- Between an intuitive hint from the subconscious and precise logical analysis of limited data.
Stupid people easily go to one extreme.
4. Seeks to expand the range of his perception
A smart person wants to achieve accuracy in sensations, feelings, thoughts. He understands that the whole consists of the smallest details, which is why he is so attentive to details, shades, and small things.
Stupid people are content with average clichés.
5. Knows many “languages”
An intelligent person communicates with architects through buildings, with writers - through books, with designers - through interfaces, with artists - through paintings, with composers - through music, with a cleaner - through a clean yard. He knows how to connect with people through what they do.
Stupid people understand only the language of words.
6. A smart person finishes what he starts.
A fool stops as soon as he begins, or in the middle, or almost finishes, based on the assumption that what he has done may turn out to be unclaimed and will not bring any benefit to anyone.
7. Understands that a huge part of the world around us was invented and created by people
After all, a shoe, concrete, bottle, sheet of paper, light bulb, window once did not exist. Using what was invented and created, he wants to give something of himself to humanity in gratitude. He is happy to create himself. And when he uses what others have done, he gladly gives money for it.
Stupid people, when they pay for a thing, a service, an object of art, do it without gratitude and with regret that there is less money.
8. Maintains an information diet
An intelligent person remembers facts and data that are not needed to solve current problems. At the same time, studying the world, he strives first of all to understand the cause-and-effect relationships between events, phenomena, and things.
Stupid people consume information indiscriminately and without trying to understand the relationships.
9. Understands that nothing can be appreciated without context.
Therefore, he does not rush to conclusions and assessments of any things, events, or phenomena until he has analyzed the totality of all the circumstances and details. A smart person very rarely criticizes or condemns.
A stupid person easily evaluates things, events, phenomena, without delving into details and circumstances. He criticizes and condemns with pleasure, thus seeming to feel superior to what is the object of his criticism.
10. Considers as authority the one who has earned his authority.
A smart person never forgets that even if everyone has the same opinion, they can be wrong.
Stupid people recognize an opinion as correct if it is supported by the majority. It is enough for them that many other people think a certain person authority.
11. Very selective about books and films
It doesn't matter to a smart person when and by whom a book was written or when a film was made. The priority is content and meaning.
A stupid person prefers fashionable books and films.
12. Has a passion for self-development and growth
To grow, a smart person tells himself: “I’m not good enough, I can become better.”
Stupid people, trying to rise in the eyes of others, humiliate others and, thus, humiliate themselves.
13. Not afraid to make mistakes
An intelligent person perceives it as a natural part of moving forward. At the same time, he tries not to repeat them.
Stupid people have thoroughly learned once and for all the shame of making mistakes.
14. Able to concentrate attention
For maximum concentration, an intelligent person can withdraw into himself and be inaccessible to anyone or anything.
Stupid people are always open to communication.
15. An intelligent person convinces himself that everything in this life depends only on him
Although he understands that this is not so. Therefore, he believes in himself, and not in the word “luck”.
Stupid people convince themselves that everything in this life depends on circumstances and other people. This allows them to relieve themselves of all responsibility for what is happening in their lives.
16. Can be hard like steel or soft like clay
At the same time, an intelligent person proceeds from his ideas about what he should be like under different circumstances.
A stupid person can be hard as steel or soft as clay, based on the desire to meet the expectations of others.
17. Easily admits his mistakes
His goal is to understand the actual state of affairs, and not to always be right. He understands too well how difficult it is to understand all the diversity of life. That's why he's not lying.
Stupid people deceive themselves and others.
18. Mainly behaves like an intelligent person
Sometimes smart people let themselves go and act stupid.
Stupid people sometimes concentrate, show willpower, exert effort and behave like smart people.
Of course, no one can act wisely all the time and everywhere. But the more of an intelligent person you are, the more... The more stupid, the stupider.
