Studying the structure of human organs is useful for children. They will learn how the human body works, what a skeleton is, why a heart is needed, etc. Thanks to this knowledge, children begin to perceive themselves as individuals, respect other people, and understand that we are all built the same. Pictures depicting the human body will help kids study its structure.
When should I start studying materials?
Getting to know own body occurs in the baby from the first year of life. First, he learns to recognize parts of the body (body, eyes, face, heart, lungs, structure of the nose or throat and other organs) with the help of parental prompts, shows where the arms, legs, eyes, etc. are located. Then the time comes when the child is able to name and show body parts on a doll or drawing of a person. During this period (after a year), you can use various images of people to improve speech skills. On our website we offer a selection of materials on the topic “Man” (pictures for children). These are the images human body, which you can use with your baby, studying what parts a person consists of (eyes, face, heart, lungs, skeleton, structure of the throat or nose, etc.). In the pictures for children, the human body is presented in such a way that the child can easily find the given components of the body (eyes, skeleton, structure of the nose, heart, lungs, face, etc.). Print the cards from our website and place them in front of your child. Ask to show where the hand, leg, head, mouth, eyes, skeleton, etc. are in the drawing. Many children are easily able to do this action on themselves, but get confused and lost when working with the drawings. The proposed exercises and manuals will develop in the child associative thinking, the ability to think more broadly, and relate himself as a person to other people. All these skills are necessary for full life in society. And, of course, these exercises develop the baby, teach him to think more actively and effectively. For older children, the task can be made more difficult. Using the Human Structure set (pictures for children), talk about those parts of the human body that cannot be seen with the naked eye (for example, the stomach or lungs, the structure of the eye or nose, the skeleton, the heart). Such knowledge will be useful to children; they learn to find and notice what is hidden inside a phenomenon. Let the kids show in the pictures the area where the different internal parts of the body are located. Subsequently, this will help them in studying such a complex subject as biology.
Games
To help kids learn the human body faster, you can play games with them. Pictures can be cut into several parts and then combined like a puzzle. First, make puzzles of 3-4 parts, then complicate the tasks.
Schematic drawings based on pictures will also be useful for children. So, ask your child to draw a diagram of the structure of the nose, throat or the entire human body: this way the child will remember the information faster.
The creative approach of educators and parents will turn the child into an erudite and educated person.
Developmental tasks and materials
Use pictures for children “Human Body” to mental development their children. Let them please you with their successes!
Poster
A game
Guess the animal based on a specific body part:
Black and white poster with human body parts:
Make a cube
Cards
Books
Riddles about parts of the human body:
In English
Elena Khokhlova
Miracles inside me: Internal organs.
Goals:
Continue introducing children with the human body;
Introduce children with concept« internal organs» , their name and location;
Give children knowledge about the causes of diseases internal organs and about disease prevention measures.
Material:
Illustrative guide "Human" (internal organs - lungs, heart, stomach, intestines); a balloon, a mirror for each child, cards depicting a stomach with different amounts of food; rope; applique material (human model and details – internal organs) .
Preliminary work: looking at illustrations in "Encyclopedia of health for children» , excursion to medical office, listening with a phonendoscope internal organs(heart, intestines, lungs).
Progress of the lesson.
Guys, today we will continue to study ourselves. We already know that we have a skeleton, and we know what it is for. But inside we still have a lot of interesting things, real miracles. These miracles are called« internal organs» .
1. Exercise "Big Good Animal".
Guys, stand in a circle and hold hands. You and I now are a big, kind animal. It sleeps, rests, and of course, it breathes in its sleep. Take a step back together (the circle became wider)- inhale... Now exhale - take a step forward (the circle has become narrower). Again - inhale... Again - exhale... (the exercise is performed at a calm pace, silently). Let’s not disturb the big, kind animal’s sleep, let’s quietly take our places...
2. Introduction to the respiratory system.
You know that any animal can breathe. And we humans can breathe. Let's talk about how a person breathes. Close your mouth, take a deep, deep breath through your nose, feel where the air goes. Exhale! Another breath! Exhale again! Where does the air go first? (into the nose). Can air get into the mouth?). Let's check. Pinch your nose and inhale through your mouth. Exhale! Another breath... exhale... So is it possible or not to breathe through the mouth? (Yes).
So, air got into the nose or mouth (shown on the atlas from the manual "Human", there it warms up, and then - already warm - it goes through a special tube. This tube is called "respiratory" because it helps you breathe. The air enters the lungs through the breathing tube. They're hiding here, behind the ribs. Remember how we already said that ribs are like a fence? This fence - the ribs - serves to protect the lungs. Please pay attention: How many lungs are there? Yes, them two: left and right. Air flows in and out of them. Take the balloons, take a deep breath, and exhale the air directly into the balloon. What happened? Yes, the balloon inflated. When air fills the lung, it expands like this balloon. Release the air from the balloon. What happened? And when the air leaves the lung, it also seems to deflate. (the experiment with the ball is carried out several times). Place your hands on your chest like this (show on yourself). When we breathe in rib cage rises. Why? And when do we exhale? Air is exhaled that is no longer needed by our body, it can no longer be useful. Now take a mirror and exhale air directly onto it. What did you notice? (mirror fogged up). This means that the air inside Not only does it warm us up, but it also becomes humid. This is important so that you and I don’t get sick. But sometimes we may still develop a runny nose and cough. This means that our respiratory organs are sick. Please remind me which organs help us breathe? (nose, mouth, breathing tube, lungs). And with this authorities need our support! Try not to get too cold, don’t get wet, don’t catch a cold, don’t scream in the cold! Be sure to toughen up, do gymnastics and take vitamins!
3. Getting to know the heart.
And now we will talk about something very important. organ - about the heart. It is the heart that makes our blood flow through special tubes-vessels. Make a fist look: This is the size of your heart. And me a heart bigger than yours, like this (show). You grow and your heart grows with you. Look at the atlas, this is where the human heart is. Can you show yourself where your heart is? Place your palm on this area. Squeeze your fist... relax... squeeze again... relax again... The heart contracts - the blood is pushed out, and it runs through the vessels. It will shrink again - it will push out again... (experience with syringe: a transparent tube from a dropper is attached to the syringe with a solution of potassium permanganate; when you squeeze the syringe, the colored water begins to be pushed out).
The heart can be heard. Remember, we already listened to it with a special device - a phonendoscope - in Marina Mikhailovna’s office. But you can do without it. Just put your ear against your friend's chest, where the heart is.) Now switch places. Did you hear? Why do they say that "heart is beating"? Let's warm up a little, shall we?
Fun workout.
Friendly, fun, all together -
Let's start on the spot!
And now - jumping on the spot!
And now - run in place!
1-2-3-4-5 - no one can catch us!
1-2-3- look at us!
And 4-5 and 6 – everyone needs to sit down!
Listen now, how did your heart begin to beat? Can you hear the difference? If a person plays sports, his heart works faster, it trains and becomes more resilient. Our heart never stops. That's why they jokingly call him "motor" our body. But even such a resilient engine needs our support. The heart loves when its owner does physical exercise, remember this!
4. Introduction to the digestive system.
Guys, you know that in order to live, it is not enough for us to just breathe. .what else do we need for life? (food). So we’ll talk now about what happens to a person when he eats. Imagine that you have an apple in your hand. You want to eat it. What's the first thing you'll do? (let's take a bite). Yes, first the food enters the mouth and we begin to chew. Why chew food? (to grind). During chewing, food is not only crushed, it is also moistened with saliva, making it easier to swallow. Then the food goes down the esophagus tube directly into the stomach (shown in the manual "Human"). There is a special liquid in the stomach - gastric juice. It helps dissolve food. There is food in the stomach "digested". The stomach itself is like a ball. And the more we eat, the more the ball swells. And if we eat too much (for example, not at a birthday party, the stomach will stretch too much. We will not feel very good). Fine: your stomach will hurt, you may even vomit (showing a diagram of the stomach with different fullness). Therefore, you and I will not overeat! But the stomach did its job - digested the food. Then the food, already similar to puree, moves into the intestines. It's such a long tube (showing a 10 meter long rope). How is the intestine placed? inside us? (assumptions children) . The thing is that our intestines are tightly coiled inside our belly, like this! (show). But there shouldn't be any knots be: otherwise the food will get stuck and you will need the help of a doctor). Digested food moves through the intestines, and during its journey gives off useful material and different vitamins authorities. And what remains and is not needed, we get rid of in the toilet.
5. Fixing the material.
Guys, now we’ll check how well you remember where in our of the body what organ is located. Take paper models of the human body and cut out paper internal organs: lungs, stomach, heart, and a thread - the intestines. Now, from memory, stick these « organs» to the right place. (work goes to calm music).
Human body - extremely complex mechanism, unknown and unusual. A mechanism with keen senses and the ability to think. Understand the device human body not only important, but also extremely interesting!
Let's try to reveal the secrets of the structure of the human body.
Of the six billion people who inhabit our planet, not even two are absolutely similar friends on a friend. Although the hundred trillion microscopic cells that make up every human body make all people on Earth 99.9% similar in structure.
All our cells, feelings, bones, muscles, heart, brain must work without errors. Nature arranged everything wonderfully.
Leather.
On the outside, we are protected by a velvety layer of protein-rich cells - our skin.
The skin is the most large organ our body. The skin protects us from mechanical damage, thanks to it we are able to feel pain and gentle touches. The skin on the palms, soles, tongue and lips is especially sensitive.
Leather also serves as insulation and a cooling support system. constant temperature bodies. To achieve this, more than 2 million microscopic pores of the skin are capable of producing about 2 liters of sweat per hour. Sweat evaporates from the surface of the skin and cools the body.
In one month, a person’s skin completely changes. Old skin particles die off, and new skin continuously grows. We shed up to 700 grams of skin per year.
Kilometers blood vessels are drawn to skin cells. And every square centimeter of skin is inhabited by hundreds of bacteria.
The skin produces an amazing substance - melanin. The color of skin, hair and even eyes depends on the amount of melanin. The more melanin, the darker the skin. When we tan, our skin darkens precisely because the amount of melanin increases under the influence of sunlight.
Eyes.
Eyes are one of the most important human organs. Eyes make it possible to notice and follow everything that interests us.
The outer part of the eye is called cornea. The cornea catches light, and in order for it to do its job better, we moisturize it every few seconds. How do we do this? This is why we blink and our eyes never dry out.
The cornea sends a beam of light through the pupil onto the retina. The retina processes the signal and sends it along nerve endings to the brain. So we can see!
Ears.
But even if you have perfect vision, everyone needs ears. Our ears, like locators, pick up surrounding sounds. However, this is not the only function of the ears.
They don't just hear - their ears are also responsible for balance. Jumping, running or even regular walking is impossible without a device hidden by nature in the depths of the ear - vestibular apparatus . Thanks to this device, a person learns to skate or bike without falling.
Voice.
Man is endowed with a unique gift - the ability to speak. This opportunity is provided by the vocal cords.
Vocal cords- these are two plates located in the throat. They vibrate like the strings of a guitar. We use muscles to change the position of the vocal cords. When the exhaled air moves these strings, the sound of a voice is formed.
Breath.
The real reason why air comes out through the mouth is breathing.
It's hard to overestimate breathing. A person can only live for a few minutes without air. In one breath, we draw in half a liter of air, and so on 20,000 times a day.
Passing through the throat, the air enters the right and left lungs. Here the air is filtered from dust and harmful substances. Through the lungs, oxygen from the air enters our blood. Then exhalation follows, turning oxygen into carbon dioxide, we exhale the waste air.
And when we breathe, we can detect odors using the receptors in our nose. A person can distinguish up to 1000 aromas.
The respiratory system allows you to make sounds and recognize smells. Each breath provides our body with energy and makes our heart beat.
Heart and circulatory system.
Every second, every cell in our body requires oxygen. It is the blood that carries oxygen from the lungs throughout the body. About four liters of blood flow through arteries, veins and capillaries. There are very, very many such vessels, large and very tiny, in humans. The length of all human vessels reaches 96,000 kilometers. This is ours circulatory system.
But what makes blood run such a long path? Certainly, heart!
This tireless pump, contracting periodically, pumps all the blood throughout the body, saturating every cell of the body with oxygen. And then the blood flows back through the veins, taking away from each cell harmful substances, and thus cleanses the human body. All the blood passes through the body in less than a minute without stopping for a moment
If you add up all the strength of the heart in one day, then this strength is enough to lift a school bus.
Sometimes the blood flows even faster. This happens when we burn more oxygen. For example, we run, jump or dance. And while eating, our stomach requires more oxygen. Even while reading, the brain requires more oxygen.
However, blood does more than just carry oxygen. Each drop of blood contains up to 400,000 white blood cells that fight the body's enemies. They are constantly on guard - tracking down viruses and bacteria. These heroic blood cells are called - leukocytes.
But we need not only air, but also fuel - food.
Digestion.
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals - all the substances we need are taken by the body from food. The main goal of digestion is to take away all the most valuable things from every piece of food eaten.
The process of digestion begins even before food enters our mouth. As soon as you think about food or see a delicious sandwich, saliva begins to be produced. There are special substances in saliva - enzymes, they are the first to begin breaking down food. The human body produces half a liter of saliva in one day.
The tongue pushes the food chewed by the teeth into the esophagus and through the esophagus the food in the form of a paste enters stomach. In the stomach, food is exposed to very caustic gastric juice, and the walls of the stomach mix it, turning it into thin porridge. The stomach itself absorbs very few substances; it only prepares and transfers food to small intestine . Already there, within five hours, beneficial substances will be squeezed out of the food, which will enter the blood through the intestinal walls. Almost all useful substances will be delivered to the largest internal organ person - in liver. Here they are sorted and sent to all the cells of the body so that they grow and work well.
Over the next 20 hours, the remaining nutrients will be absorbed in the large intestine. And what cannot be digested will leave our body.
Muscles.
In our body from the tips of our fingers to the top of our heads there are about 650 various muscles
. They make up almost half of the human body weight and allow us to move various parts body, often without even thinking about it. Without muscles, we could not run, blink, speak, or smile. When we pronounce even one single word, we work more than a hundred different muscles. And walking requires almost 200 trunk muscles. Imagine how many muscles work when you dance, swim or play tag.
But the muscles could not hold the body without a reliable frame - bones.
Skeleton, bones.
There are 206 amazing bones distributed throughout the human body, forming a perfect skeleton. Bones are extremely strong and at the same time very light. Bones grow and the size of the human body depends on the size of the bones. Joints connect bones and allow bones to move from side to side, up or down.
Brain.
All parts of the body and its organs are very complex, but they are all controlled from one center - everything is controlled brain.
With the help of nerves stretched throughout the body, the brain monitors all parts of the body - ears, eyes, skin, bones, stomach - the brain is responsible for absolutely everything. Thanks to the electrical and chemical impulses of the brain, we think, remember, feel, and act.
It is the brain that makes us human. Perhaps this is the most unexplored and mysterious part of our body.
Even when we fall asleep, all organs of the body continue to work - we breathe, the heart beats, new cells are born. We are living!
Good morning, Dear friends!
Over the weekend I made a small poster for my daughter with body parts based on a cute boy.
With it, you can clearly explain and show where a person has: head, hair, mouth, ears, eyes, forehead, neck, palm, finger, wrist, stomach, navel, chest, legs, knees, heels, feet, etc. d.
In addition, I inserted an image of a hand and a list of the names of all the fingers - thumb, index, middle, ring, little finger. My daughter looked at it with interest.
I recommend this educational material about parts of the human body for viewing by both the youngest children from 1 year old and older children. Show it several times a day, ask your child to find in the picture where this or that part of the person’s body is. Or you can just hang it on the wall and come up and look at it from time to time.
Good luck to all.
Poster in pictures
Mini poster: “Body parts for children” can be downloaded here:
Cards and photos
Here you can download and print a selection of educational cards for your child on the topic of man and the structure of his body. The cards are suitable for ages 1 year and older. They will introduce your baby to the main parts of the human body in an easy and accessible way, and they can also be included in developmental activities in kindergartens, early development schools, junior classes schools and just at home.
Human body parts and organs. 
Many novice artists will not find it difficult to draw flowers, trees, houses. But when the time comes to depict people on paper, they are lost. Because they don’t know how to draw the human body correctly. If you can’t do it either, don’t even think about giving up. Thanks to several techniques, you can quickly learn this.
They are happy and simple. At the same time these useful tips will help you cope with the necessary task:
- Even if you don't plan to turn your sketches into color illustrations, still use a pencil in the beginning. He will allow you to correct the drawing at any time.
- Don't press too hard. Make all movements only with light strokes. If you make a mistake or want to redraw an element of the picture, you won’t have to worry about erasing thick lines with an eraser.
- Practice every day. Don't be discouraged if you don't know how to draw a body. Believe in yourself!
- Watch your posture. You won't be able to give your full attention to the drawing if you're sitting incorrectly.
- If you are seriously interested in art, study other people's techniques, go to art galleries, buy books on the subject. Experienced artists are very familiar with how to draw the human body.
- If you are copying from a finished drawing, do not be afraid to make mistakes. Remember that you don't have to portray the exact same character. It will be much better if it turns out different.
Body proportions
At all times Special attention paid attention to the relationship between the figures. Before drawing a body, you need to know its correct proportions. The height of an adult's figure is 8 heads, a teenager's - 7. This part of a schoolchild's body can be positioned in length 5 times, a baby - 4. The size of the arms should reach the middle of the thigh, while the elbows should be located on the same level as the waist, and the knees - exactly in the middle of the leg. The length of the legs is 4 heads, and the head together with the body is half the height of the entire figure. The fingers of the lowered hand are located in the mid-thigh area. The height of the foot is the size of the nose. And its length is the same as that of the forearm. The height of a woman's head is equal to the distance between the prominent points of the chest, a man's - half the width of the shoulders.
Differences between male and female parameters
The average height of a man is about 170 cm, a woman - 160. The arms of the stronger half of humanity are long and muscular, while the arms of girls are a little shorter. But women’s legs are longer (relative to the body). Men have a strong build, broad shoulders and a short torso. Female body longer, the shoulders are often shorter than the hips. Men have thick necks, girls have thin necks. As for muscles, in men they are strongly marked. At the same time, the contours of the body are sharp. At the same time, women have soft outlines, round shapes, fat layer more. A man's foot is massive, large, a woman's is much smaller in size.
Drawing a man
The following master class shows how to draw a man's body:
- Start at the top. Draw a small circle and draw a curved line at the bottom. It should look like an egg, just upside down.
- Draw the neck by sketching two straight lines. Take the distance from ear to ear as a guide.
- Draw a long (2-3 times the width of the head) horizontal line so that it is perpendicular to the neck. It determines the location of the collarbones.
- At the end of the two lines, draw small circles of the same size - these are the shoulders. Sketch two ovals a little lower, a little longer than the height of the head - these are biceps.
- At the point where the biceps begin, outline the body. Geometrically, it will look like this: an inverted trapezoid is the chest, vertical straight lines are the torso, an inverted triangle is the pelvis. Place above last geometric figure mark with a dot - there will be a navel.
- On both sides of the triangle, draw two circles (most of them should be on the outside), and immediately below them - long ovals. They will be hips.
- Below are two small ovals for the knees. Let them intertwine a little with the hips. And even lower - for the legs.
- For the legs, draw two triangles at the very bottom.
- Try to draw show jumping bodies, add details, design clothes for your character.
Drawing a woman
Now that you know the basics and have learned how to work with a male silhouette, you can learn how to draw a female body:
- Start with the most important thing - draw a vertical line. To represent the torso, place an inverted triangle at the top of the torso.
- Inside the resulting triangle, draw another one, looking up. At the corners of the inner figure, draw two circles, indicating the breasts. If you did everything correctly, the first of them should be to the right, and the other to the left of the previously drawn line.
- Just below the main triangle, draw a circle of equal size. His top part should extend slightly beyond the triangle. This will be the basin.
- To draw the hips and legs, draw two curved lines from the top of the circle. And below there are two more, but shorter. Some should look like brackets.
- Add lines and details, dress the girl.
Done, now you know how to draw a girl's body.
Let's sum it up
Using the techniques presented above, you can draw almost any person - an adult man and woman, a teenager, a child. The main thing you need to do is follow the instructions, learn to work according to the scheme. After a while, you yourself, without anyone’s help, will depict beautiful and proportionally correct characters on paper. Don't be discouraged if something doesn't work out for you. You can try again at any time.
Remember one more thing important rule: An artist's work does not end the moment he understands how to draw a body. It is also necessary to think over the character’s hairstyle, his style, endow him with emotions, and portray his character. In other words, use a pencil to “breathe” life into it. Learn the art of drawing, improve your skills - and you will definitely succeed!
