Home Gums Applying bandages to the head and neck. Applying bandages for various wounds Bandage on the upper part of the neck

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Applying bandages to the head and neck. Applying bandages for various wounds Bandage on the upper part of the neck

To apply bandages to the head and neck, use a bandage 10 cm wide.

Circular (circular) headband. It is used for minor injuries in the frontal, temporal and occipital areas. Circular tours pass through the frontal tuberosities, above ears and through the occipital protuberance, which allows you to securely hold the bandage on your head. The end of the bandage is fixed with a knot in the forehead area.

Cross-shaped headband. The bandage is convenient for injuries to the back of the neck and occipital region (Fig. 118). First, securing circular tours are applied to the head. Then the bandage is carried obliquely down behind the left ear to the back of the neck, along the right side surface of the neck, passed to the front of the neck, its side surface on the left and raised obliquely along the back of the neck above the right ear to the forehead. The bandage strokes are repeated the required number of times until the dressing material covering the wound is completely covered. The bandage is completed with circular tours around the head.

Hippocrates' cap. The bandage allows you to securely hold the dressing material on the scalp. Apply a bandage using two bandages (Fig. 119). The first bandage is used to perform two to three circular strengthening tours around the head. The beginning of the second bandage is fixed with one of the circular rounds of the first bandage, then the course of the second bandage is carried out through the cranial vault until it intersects with the circular course of the first bandage in the forehead area.

A piece of bandage (tie) about 0.8 m long is placed on the crown of the head and its ends are lowered down in front of the ears. The wounded person or an assistant holds the ends of the tie taut. Perform two fastening circular bandage rounds around the head. The third round of the bandage is carried out over the tie, circled around the tie and led obliquely through the forehead area to the tie on the opposite side. Wrap the bandage around the tie again and lead it through the occipital region to the opposite side. In this case, each stroke of the bandage overlaps the previous one by two-thirds or half. Using similar moves, the bandage covers the entire scalp heads. Finish applying the bandage with circular turns on the head or fix the end of the bandage with a knot to one of the ties. The ends of the tie are tied with a knot under the lower jaw.

Rice. 121. Bridle bandage

Rice. 122. Bridle bandage with chin grip

Bridle bandage. Used to hold dressing material on wounds in the parietal region and wounds of the lower jaw (Fig. 121). The first securing circular moves go around the head. Further along the back of the head, the bandage moves obliquely towards right side neck, under lower jaw and make several vertical circular moves, which cover the crown or submandibular area, depending on the location of the damage. Then the bandage from the left side of the neck is passed obliquely along the back of the head to the right temporal region and the vertical rounds of the bandage are secured with two or three horizontal circular strokes around the head. In case of damage in the chin area, the bandage is supplemented with horizontal circular moves, grasping the chin (Fig. 122). After completing the main rounds of the “bridle” bandage, move the bandage around the head and move it obliquely along the back of the head, the right side surface of the neck and make several horizontal circular moves around the chin. Then they switch to vertical circular passages that pass through the submandibular and parietal regions. Next, the bandage is moved through the left surface of the neck and the back of the head and returned to the head and circular tours are made around the head, after which all rounds of the bandage are repeated in the described sequence. When applying a bridle bandage, the wounded person must keep his mouth slightly open, or place a finger under his chin while bandaging, so that the bandage does not interfere with opening the mouth and does not compress the neck.

The bandage for one eye is monocular (Fig. 123). First, horizontal fastening tours are applied around the head. Then, in the back of the head, the bandage is passed down under the ear and passed obliquely up the cheek to the affected eye. The third move (fixing) is made around the head. The fourth and subsequent moves are alternated in such a way that one move of the bandage goes under the ear to the affected eye, and the next one is a fixing one. Bandaging is completed with circular moves on the head.

The bandage on the right eye is bandaged from left to right, on the left eye - from right to left.

The bandage on both eyes is binocular (Fig. 123 c). It begins with circular fixing tours around the head, then in the same way as when applying a bandage to the right eye. After which the bandage is applied from top to bottom to the left eye. Then the bandage is directed under left ear and along the occipital region under right ear, By right cheek on the right eye. The bandages shift downwards and towards the center. From the right eye, the bandage returns above the left ear to the occipital region, passes above the right ear to the forehead and again passes to the left eye. The bandage is finished with circular horizontal rounds of the bandage across the forehead and back of the head.

Neapolitan bandage for the ear area. The moves of the bandage correspond to the moves when applying a bandage to the eye, but pass above the eye on the side of the bandaged ear (Fig. 124).

Fig. 124. Neapolitan bandage on the ear area

Rice. 125. Head scarf

Rice. 126. Sling bandage: A - nose; b - chin

Head scarf. The base of the scarf is placed in the back of the head, the top is lowered onto the face. The ends of the scarf are tied on the forehead. The top is folded over the tied ends upward and strengthened safety pin(Fig. 125). Sling bandage. Sling-shaped head bandages allow you to hold dressing material in the nose (Fig. 126 a), upper and lower lips, chin (Fig. 126 b), as well as on wounds of the occipital, parietal and frontal regions (Fig. 127). The uncut part of the sling is used to cover the aseptic material in the wound area, and its ends are crossed and tied at the back (the upper ones are in the neck area, the lower ones are on the back of the head or on the crown).

To hold the dressing material on the back of the head, a sling is made from a wide strip of gauze or cloth. The ends of such a bandage intersect at temporal areas. They are tied on the forehead and under the lower jaw.

In the same way, apply a sling-shaped bandage to the parietal region and forehead. The ends of the bandage are tied at the back of the head and under the lower jaw.

Neck bandage. Apply with circular bandaging. To prevent it from sliding down, circular rounds on the neck are combined with rounds of a cruciform bandage on the head (Fig. 128).

Chest bandages. The conical shape of the chest and changes in its volume during breathing often lead to the bandages slipping. Bandaging the chest should be done with wide bandages and additional techniques for strengthening the bandages should be used.

Rice. 129. Spiral chest bandage

To apply bandages to the chest, use gauze bandages with a width of 10 cm, 14 cm and 16 cm. Spiral bandage on the chest. Used for chest wounds, rib fractures, treatment purulent wounds(Fig. 129). Before applying the bandage, a gauze bandage about a meter long is placed with the middle on the left shoulder girdle. One part of the bandage hangs loosely on the chest, the other on the back. Then, with another bandage, fastening circular tours are applied in the lower parts of the chest and in spiral moves (3-10) the chest is bandaged from the bottom up to the armpits, where the bandage is secured with two or three circular tours. Each round of the bandage overlaps the previous one by 1/2 or 2/3 of its width.

The ends of the bandage, hanging loosely on the chest, are placed on the right shoulder girdle and tied to the second end, hanging on the back. A belt is created, as it were, that supports the spiral passages of the bandage.

Occlusive dressing. It is applied using an individual dressing package (PLP) for penetrating chest wounds. The bandage prevents air from being sucked into the pleural cavity when breathing.

The outer shell of the bag is torn along the existing cut and removed without disturbing the sterility of the inner surface. Remove the pin from the inner parchment shell and take out the bandage with cotton-gauze pads. It is recommended to treat the surface of the skin in the wound area with boron petroleum jelly, which provides a more reliable sealing of the pleural cavity. Without disturbing the sterility of the inner surface of the pads, unroll the bandage and cover the wound penetrating into the pleural cavity with the side of the pads that is not stitched with colored threads. Unfold the rubberized outer shell The bag and the inner surface are covered with cotton gauze pads. The edges of the shell should be in contact with the skin lubricated with boron vaseline. The bandage is fixed with spiral rounds of the bandage, while the edges of the rubberized sheath are pressed tightly against the skin.

In the absence of an individual dressing package, the bandage is applied using small or large sterile dressings. Cotton-gauze pads are placed on the wound and covered with a paper bandage cover, after which the dressing material in the wound area is fixed with spiral rounds of bandage.

Bandages for the abdomen and pelvis. When applying a bandage to the abdomen or pelvis at the site of a wound or accident, gauze bandages with a width of 10 cm, 14 cm and 16 cm are used for bandaging.

Spiral bandage on the stomach. In the upper part of the abdomen, strengthening circular tours are applied in the lower parts of the chest and the abdomen is bandaged in spiral moves from top to bottom, covering the area of damage. In the lower part of the abdomen, fixing tours are applied in the pelvic area above the pubic symphysis and spiral tours are carried out from bottom to top (Fig. 130).

Fig. 130. Spiral bandage on the abdominal area, reinforced on the thigh with rounds of a spica bandage.

The spiral bandage, as a rule, is poorly maintained without additional fixation. The bandage applied to the entire abdominal area or its lower parts is strengthened on the thighs using a spica bandage Spica bandage on the area hip joint. It is applied for injuries in the hip joint and surrounding areas. Bandaging is carried out with a wide bandage. The line of crossing of the bandage rounds corresponds to that part of the bandage that most reliably fixes the dressing covering the wound. Based on the location of the line of intersection of the bandage rounds, the following types of spica-shaped bandages are distinguished: anterior, lateral, posterior, bilateral.

There are also ascending and descending spica bandages.

In case of damage on the left, the person providing assistance holds the head of the bandage in his right hand and bandages from left to right; in case of damage on the right, the head of the bandage is in his left hand and bandages are performed from right to left.

Descending anterior spica bandage (Fig. 131 a). It begins with reinforcing circular tours in the pelvic area. Then the bandage is applied to the front surface of the thigh and along the inner lateral surface around the thigh to its outer lateral surface. From here the bandage is lifted obliquely through groin area, where it intersects with the previous move, to the lateral surface of the body. Having made a move around the back, the bandage is again applied to the stomach. Then the previous moves are repeated. Each round passes below the previous one, covering it by half or 2/3 of the width of the bandage. The bandage is finished in a circular motion around the abdomen.

Ascending anterior spica bandage (Fig. 131 b). Superimposed in reverse order as opposed to a descending bandage. Strengthening circular tours are applied in the upper third of the thigh. Then the bandage is passed from the outer lateral surface of the thigh through the groin area to the stomach, the lateral surface of the torso and around the torso along the front surface of the thigh to its inner surface. Then the moves of the bandage are repeated, with each subsequent round shifting upward from the previous one. General form The anterior ascending spica bandage is shown in Fig. 132.

Lateral spica bandage. It is applied similarly to the front one, but the crossing of the bandage moves is carried out along the lateral surface of the hip joint.

Posterior spica bandage. Bandaging begins with strengthening circular tours around the abdomen. Next, the bandage is led through the buttock of the sore side to the inner surface of the thigh, walked around it in front and raised obliquely again onto the body, crossing the previous path of the bandage along the back surface.

Double-sided spica bandage for the pelvic area (Fig. 133). It begins with strengthening circular tours around the abdomen.

Rice. 133.Bilateral spica bandage for the pelvic area.

Fig. 134. Spica bandage on the perineum

On the right side of the abdomen, the bandage is led obliquely down to the front surface of the left thigh, go around the thigh until it intersects with the previous move on the front surface of the thigh. From here the bandage is lifted onto the body. They circle it around the back again to the right side. Next, bring the bandage down to right thigh, walk around him with inside and along the front surface they intersect the previous round. Then they return the bandage obliquely along the front surface of the abdomen to the torso, make a semicircular move around the back and bring the bandage back to the left thigh, repeating the previous rounds. Each subsequent round moves upward from the previous one. The bandage is completed with a fixing circular tour around the abdomen. Spica bandage on the perineum (Fig. 134). After a fixing tour around the abdomen, the bandage is passed obliquely from the right side surface of the abdomen along its front surface to the perineum and from the inner surface of the left thigh, a semicircular move is made along the back surface with a transition to the front surface of the left thigh. Then the bandage is moved obliquely along the front surface of the abdomen to the beginning of this move, that is, to the right lateral surface of the abdomen. They make a move around the back, and on the left, the bandage is directed obliquely through the stomach to the perineum, goes around the back surface of the left thigh in a semicircular move and returns again to the side surface of the body, after which the already known tours are repeated.

T-shaped bandage for the perineum. If necessary, the bandage can be quickly applied and removed. Easy to manufacture (Fig. 135).

A horizontal strip of bandage is placed around the waist and tied in the abdominal area. Vertical strips passing through the perineum and holding the dressing material are fixed to a horizontal strip in the abdominal area.

Scarf bandage on the hip joint and gluteal region (Fig. 136). The middle of the scarf is covered outer surface buttocks, placing the base of the scarf in the upper third of the thigh. The top of the scarf is secured to the belt or to a second scarf folded along its length and drawn around the body. Then the ends of the scarf are wrapped around the thigh and tied on its outer surface.

Scarf bandage on both buttocks and perineum (Fig. 137). The scarf is laid so that the base runs along the lower back. The ends of the scarf are tied in front on the stomach, and the top is passed, covering the buttocks, through the crotch in front and secured to the knot from the ends of the scarf. In a similar way, but in front, a scarf is applied to cover the front of the perineum and external genitalia.

Rice. 137. Scarf bandage on the perineum and both buttocks

Rice. 138.Bandage on the scrotum

Bandage on the scrotum (Fig. 138). The jock belt is passed around the waist and secured with a buckle or knot. The scrotum is placed in the sac of the suspensor, and the penis is brought out through a special hole in the supporting sac. Two ribbons attached to the bottom edge of the pouch are passed through the crotch and attached to the back of the belt.

Bandages for the upper limb. Returning finger bandage. Used for injuries and diseases of the finger, when it is necessary to close the end of the finger (Fig. 139). Bandage width – 5 cm.

Bandaging begins along the palmar surface from the base of the finger, goes around the end of the finger and runs the bandage along the back side to the base of the finger. After bending, the bandage is carried along a creeping path to the end of the finger and bandaged in spiral rounds towards its base, where it is secured.

Spiral bandage on the finger (Fig. 140). Most hand wraps begin with circular securing strokes of the bandage in the lower third of the forearm just above the wrist. The bandage is passed obliquely along the back of the hand to the end of the finger and, leaving the tip of the finger open, the finger is bandaged in spiral moves to the base. Then the bandage is returned to the forearm through the back of the hand. Bandaging is completed with circular rounds in the lower third of the forearm.

Spiral bandage for all fingers (“glove”) (Fig. 141). It is applied to each finger in the same way as to one finger. Bandaging on the right hand begins with thumb, on the left hand - from the little finger.

Spica bandage for the thumb (Fig. 142). Used to close the area of the metacarpophalangeal joint and elevate the thumb.

After securing the moves over the wrist, the bandage is led along the back of the hand to the tip of the finger, wrapped around it and again along the back surface to the forearm.

Bandaging begins with securing circular tours on the forearm. Then the bandage is passed along the back of the hand onto the palm, around the hand to the base of the second finger. From here, along the back of the hand, the bandage is returned obliquely to the forearm. To more securely hold the dressing on the hand, cross-shaped moves are supplemented with circular moves of the bandage on the hand. Complete the application of the bandage in circular motions over the wrist.

Returning bandage on the hand (Fig. 144). Used to hold dressing material when all fingers or all parts of the hand are damaged. When applying cotton-gauze pads or gauze napkins to wounds or burn surfaces, it is necessary to leave layers of dressing material between the fingers. Bandage width – 10cm.

Bandaging begins with securing rounds above the wrist, then the bandage is passed along the back of the hand onto the fingers and, with returning strokes, covers the fingers and hand from the back and palm. After which the bandage is applied in a creeping manner to the fingertips and the hand is bandaged in spiral rounds towards the forearm, where the bandage is completed in circular rounds above the wrist.

Scarf bandage for the hand (Fig. 145). Place the scarf so that its base is located in the lower third of the forearm above the area of the wrist joint. The hand is placed with the palm of the hand on the scarf and the top of the scarf is folded onto the back of the hand. The ends of the scarf are circled several times around the forearm above the wrist and tied.

Rice. 144. Returning bandage on the hand

Fig. 145. Scarf bandage on the hand

Spiral bandage on the forearm (Fig. 146). To apply a bandage, use a 10 cm wide bandage. Bandaging begins with circular strengthening rounds in the lower third of the forearm and several ascending spiral rounds. Since the forearm has a cone-shaped shape, a tight fit of the bandage to the surface of the body is ensured by bandaging in the form of spiral rounds with bends to the level of the upper third of the forearm. To make a bend, hold the lower edge of the bandage with the first finger of your left hand, and right hand make a bend towards you 180 degrees. The top edge of the bandage becomes the bottom, the bottom - the top. At the next round, the bend of the bandage is repeated. The bandage is fixed with circular bands of bandage in the upper third of the forearm.

Turtle bandage for the elbow joint. In case of injury directly in the area of the elbow joint, a converging turtle bandage is applied. If the injury is located above or below the joint, a divergent turtle bandage is used.

The width of the bandage is 10 cm. Converging tortoiseshell bandage (Fig. 147). The arm is bent at the elbow joint at an angle of 90 degrees. Bandaging begins in circular strengthening rounds either in the lower third of the shoulder above the elbow joint, or in the upper third of the forearm. Then, using eight-shaped rounds, the dressing material is closed in the area of damage. The passes of the bandage intersect only in the area of the elbow bend. The eight-shaped rounds of the bandage are gradually shifted towards the center of the joint. Finish the bandage with circular tours along the joint line.

Diverging tortoiseshell bandage (Fig. 148). Bandaging begins with circular fastening rounds directly along the line of the joint, then the bandage is alternately applied above and below the elbow bend, covering two-thirds of the previous rounds. All passages intersect along the flexor surface of the elbow joint.

This way the entire joint area is covered. The bandage is finished in circular motions on the shoulder or forearm.

Scarf bandage on the elbow joint (Fig. 149). The scarf is placed under the back surface of the elbow joint so that the base of the scarf is under the forearm, and the top is under the lower third of the shoulder. The ends of the scarf are passed to the front surface of the elbow joint, where they are crossed, circled around the lower third of the shoulder and tied. The top is attached to the crossed ends of the scarf on the back of the shoulder.

Spiral shoulder bandage (Fig. 150). The shoulder area is covered with a regular spiral bandage or a spiral bandage with kinks. A bandage 10–14 cm wide is used. In the upper parts of the shoulder, to prevent the bandage from slipping, bandaging can be completed with rounds of a spica bandage.

Scarf bandage on the shoulder (Fig. 151). The scarf is placed on the outer side surface of the shoulder. The top of the scarf is directed towards the neck. The ends of the scarf are drawn around the shoulder, crossed, brought to the outer surface of the shoulder and tied. To prevent the bandage from slipping, the top of the scarf is fixed using a loop of cord, a bandage or a second scarf drawn through the opposite one. armpit.

Spica bandage for the shoulder joint. Used to hold dressing material on wounds in the shoulder joint and adjacent areas. The crossover of the bandage is performed directly over the dressing material covering the wound.

The width of the bandage is 10-14 cm. On the left shoulder joint the bandage is bandaged from left to right, on the right shoulder joint - from right to left, that is, the spica bandage is bandaged in the direction of the side of the injury.

There are ascending and descending spica bandages for the shoulder joint area.

Ascending spica bandage (Fig. 152 a, b). Bandaging begins with circular fastening rounds in the upper part of the shoulder, then the bandage is applied to the shoulder girdle and along the back to the axillary region of the opposite side. Next, the bandage moves along the front side of the chest to the front surface of the shoulder, along the outer surface around the shoulder into the axillary fossa, with a transition to the outer surface of the shoulder joint and shoulder girdle. Then the rounds of the bandage are repeated with an upward shift of one third or half the width of the bandage. Bandaging is completed with circular tours around the chest.

Descending spica bandage (Fig. 152 c, d). Apply in reverse order. The end of the bandage is fixed in circular motions around the chest, then from the axillary region of the healthy side, the bandage is lifted along the front surface of the chest to the shoulder girdle on the side of the injury, bended around it along the back surface and through axillary area brought to the front surface of the shoulder girdle. After which the bandage is moved along the back to the axillary region of the healthy side. Each subsequent figure-of-eight move is repeated slightly lower than the previous one. Bandaging is completed with circular tours around the chest. Spica bandage for the axillary region (Fig. 153). To reliably hold the dressing material on the wound in the axillary region, the spica bandage is supplemented with special rounds of bandage through the healthy shoulder girdle. It is recommended to cover the dressing material in the area of injury with a layer of cotton wool, which extends beyond the armpit area and partially covers the upper part of the chest.

The width of the bandage is 10-14cm. The bandage begins with two circular rounds in the lower third of the shoulder, then several moves of an ascending spica-shaped bandage are made and an additional oblique move is made along the back through the shoulder girdle of the healthy side and the chest into the damaged axillary region. Then a circular stroke is made, covering the chest and holding a layer of cotton wool. Additional oblique and circular moves of the bandage are alternated several times. Bandaging is completed with rounds of a spica bandage and circular rounds on chest.

Scarf bandage for the shoulder joint (Fig. 154). The medical scarf is folded with a tie and the middle of it is brought into the axillary fossa, the ends of the bandage are crossed over shoulder joint, carried along the anterior and posterior surfaces of the chest and tied in the axillary region of the healthy side.

Scarf for hanging upper limb(Fig. 155). Used to support the injured upper limb after applying a soft bandage or transport immobilization bandage.

The injured arm is bent at the elbow joint at a right angle. An unfolded scarf is placed under the forearm so that the base of the scarf runs along the axis of the body, its middle is slightly above the forearm, and the top is behind and above the elbow joint. The upper end of the scarf is placed on the healthy shoulder girdle. The lower end is placed on the shoulder girdle of the damaged side, covering the forearm in front with the lower smaller part of the scarf. The ends of the scarf are tied with a knot above the shoulder girdle. The top of the scarf is wrapped around the elbow joint and secured with a pin to the front of the bandage.

Deso bandage (Fig. 156). It is used for temporary immobilization of the injured arm in case of clavicle fractures by bandaging it to the body.

The width of the bandage is 10-14 cm. Bandaging is always carried out towards the injured arm. If the bandage is applied to the left hand, bandage in the direction from left to right (bandage head in the right hand), on the right hand - from right to left (bandage head in the left hand).

Before starting bandaging, place a roll of compressed gray non-absorbent cotton wool wrapped in a piece of wide bandage or gauze into the axillary fossa of the damaged side. A roller is inserted to eliminate the lengthwise displacement of clavicle fragments. Damaged hand bend the elbow joint at a right angle, press it to the body and bandage the shoulder to the chest with circular rounds (1), which are applied below the level of the cushion located in the axillary region on the side of the injury. Next, from the axillary region of the healthy side, the bandage is led obliquely upward along the front surface of the chest to the shoulder girdle of the damaged side (2), where the bandage should pass through the central fragment of the clavicle closer to the lateral surface of the neck. Then the bandage is moved down along the back of the shoulder under the middle third of the forearm. Having covered the forearm, the bandage is continued along the chest to the axillary region of the healthy side (3) and along the back obliquely upward to the shoulder girdle of the damaged side, where the bandage is again passed through the central fragment of the clavicle closer to the lateral surface of the neck, after which the bandage is carried down along the front surface shoulder under the elbow (4). From under the elbow, the bandage is led in an oblique direction through the back into the axillary region of the uninjured side. The described moves of the bandage are repeated several times, forming a bandage that provides reliable immobilization of the upper limb. The bandage is secured in a circular motion over the shoulder and chest.

Bandages for the lower limb. Returning bandage on the toes. Used for diseases and injuries of the toes. Bandage width 3-5 cm.

The bandage is usually used to hold the dressing material on the wounds of 1 toe and rarely to cover the other toes, which are usually bandaged along with the entire foot.

The bandage starts from the plantar surface of the base of the finger, covers the tip of the finger and runs the bandage along its back surface to the base. Make a bend and creep the bandage to the tip of the finger. Then they bandage it with spiral rounds to the base, where the bandage is fixed.

Spiral bandage on the first toe (Fig. 157). The width of the bandage is 3-5 cm. Usually only one thumb is bandaged separately. It is recommended to begin bandaging with strengthening circular tours in the lower third of the shin above the ankles. Then the bandage is passed through the dorsum of the foot to the nail phalanx of 1 finger. From here, the entire toe is covered with spiral rounds to the base and again through the back of the foot the bandage is returned to the lower leg, where the bandage is finished with fixing circular rounds.

Spica bandage for the first toe (Fig. 158). The width of the bandage is 3-5 cm. Like all spica bandages, the spica bandage for the first toe is bandaged in the direction of the injury. On the left foot the bandage is applied from left to right, on the right foot - from right to left.

Bandaging begins with strengthening circular tours in the lower third of the shin above the ankles. Then the bandage is passed from the inner ankle to back side feet to its outer surface and along the plantar surface to the inner edge nail phalanx first finger. After a circular turn on the first toe, the bandage is moved along the dorsum of the foot to its outer edge and the bandage is moved in a circular turn through the plantar surface to the outer ankle.

Each subsequent round of the bandage on the first finger moves upward in relation to the previous one, thus forming an ascending spica-shaped bandage.

Returning bandage on the peripheral parts of the foot. Used for diseases and injuries peripheral parts feet and fingers. Bandage width – 10 cm.

Each finger is covered with a dressing separately, or all fingers together with gauze pads between them. Then they begin to bandage the foot. Circular strengthening tours are applied to the midfoot. After that, using longitudinal returning tours from the plantar surface of the foot through the tips of the toes to the dorsum and back, the entire width of the foot is covered. The bandage is carried along a creeping path to the tips of the fingers, from where the foot is bandaged in spiral rounds to the middle. The bandage on the foot is usually poorly held, so it is recommended to finish the bandage with strengthening figure-of-eight rounds around ankle joint with fixing circular tours above the ankles.

Headbands are among the most difficult, since the round shape of the head makes the bandage slip off easily. To apply headbands, use a bandage medium width(10 x 5 cm).

For injuries to the scalp, two scarves are used (Fig. 11, a), but most often, a bandage called the “Hippocrates cap” (see Fig. 11, b, c). The bandage is made with a double-headed bandage, for which the ends of two medium-width bandages are sewn or tied together. The heads of the bandage are taken to the right and left hand, and a strip of bandage between them is applied to the forehead. Then both heads of the bandage are passed over the ears to the occipital region, where under the occipital protuberance the courses of the bandage cross, i.e., they form a loop that secures the first circular course of the bandage. After this, grabbing the head of the bandage from the left hand with the right hand, and from the right with the left, make a second circular move, but now from front to back (from the back of the head to the forehead). On the forehead, one head of the bandage continues to be drawn circularly, over the second course of the bandage, and the other is bent, passed under the first and led from front to back, covering the vault of the skull in the middle of it. At the back of the head, the bandage is bent again, strengthened by the horizontal course of the first head and passed through the vault of the skull to the forehead on the side of the middle course. Subsequently, one head of the bandage repeats horizontal, fixing moves, and the second - vertical ones (through the vault of the skull), until the entire scalp is covered with a bandage. The ends of the wound heads of the bandage are secured to the forehead with a knot or, better yet, sewn together.

A simpler and more convenient bandage is the “cap”, which is strengthened with a strip of bandage tied under the lower jaw (see Fig. 11, d, e). A piece of bandage 70-80 cm long is placed in the middle on the parietal region, and the ends are lowered vertically in front of the ears. These ends are held in a taut position by the patient himself or an assistant. The first two rounds are done in a circular manner, and then, having reached the bandage strip (tie), they wrap the bandage around it and lead it obliquely, covering the back of the head slightly above the circular moves. On the opposite side, the bandage is again thrown over the tie and led obliquely forward, covering the forehead and part of the crown of the head. So, each time throwing the bandage over the tie, they move it more and more vertically until they cover the entire head.

The bandage is strengthened in a circular motion, and the ends of the tape are tied to each other.

Strong fixation of the dressing can be achieved using a bandage made of tubular knitted bandage No. 9, which is pulled over the head like a knitted ski cap. The bandage may consist of two or one layers of bandage. In the latter case, the cut bandage is sewn up or tied with a rubber ring. It is advisable to sew two strips of bandage to the bottom edge of the “cap” and tie them under the chin for greater strength; without this, the “cap” may slip off. from the head while sleeping. You can also apply a similar bandage with a Retelast bandage No. 5 or No. 6. In some cases, a hole is made in the Retelast bandage for the face, and then the bandage looks like a balaclava. This bandage is convenient if the wound is located on the back of the head and covers the back surface of the neck, for example, with carbuncles of the occipital region (see Fig. 11, f

One eye patch It is applied differently depending on which eye it is intended for. It begins with circular moves: for the right eye from left to right, for the left - from right to left. Then the bandage is passed over the ear obliquely to the back of the head, passes under the ear of the sore side and goes out to the upper part of the cheek and eyes, to its inner corner; the bandage is again applied to the forehead, temple and parietal tubercle of the opposite side, and from there it is transferred to the back of the head and the described moves are repeated 3-4 times. Each new move does not completely overlap the previous ones, which makes it possible to cover the eye well with a relatively narrow bandage (Fig. 12, a). The bandage is secured with circular moves around the head.

Bandage on both eyes they apply either sequentially, first on the right, then on the left eye, or they cross the passages on the forehead, leading them sequentially first to the right and then to the left eye (see Fig. 12, b). A contour bandage for one eye (see Fig. 12, c) and a “curtain” bandage (see Fig. 12, d, e) are convenient.

Ear bandage, essentially the same as an eye patch, but shifted to the ear area.

On the back of the head an 8-shaped bandage (Fig. 13, a) and a scarf (see Fig. 13, b) bandage are applied.

Small wounds of the chin, nose, occipital region are well covered with a sling-shaped bandage, for which a strip of cloth or a piece of bandage is applied, both ends of which are cut into longitudinal direction. The section of the bandage that is not cut in the middle remains to fix the dressing material (Fig. 14, a). When applying a sling-shaped bandage to the nose, the uncut part of the bandage is placed across the face, covering the nose. In area zygomatic bones the ends of the sling cross: the lower ones go above the ears and are tied at the back of the head, and the upper ones are below the ears and are tied at the back of the neck (see Fig. 14, b).

When applying a sling-shaped bandage to the chin, the lower ends go up above the auricles and are tied at the crown, and the upper ends are below them, cross at the back of the head and pass again over the auricle of the opposite side to the forehead, where they are tied (see Fig. 14, c) .

The application of sling-shaped bandages to the eye, back of the head and parietal region does not need description; its principle is similar to the application of the bandages listed above. All you need is pieces of gauze of the appropriate length and width.

To strengthen the dressing material for head injuries, you can use a surgical cap by sewing long ribbons to the cap, which I tie under the lower jaw or, crossed in front, at the back of the head.

Upon receipt various kinds injuries every now and then require the application of a bandage to the site of the injury. But let’s try to figure out how to do this correctly. Let's start by looking at the main types of dressings.

Bandageless dressings

1. Cleolic – adhesive solution yellowish color, which contains esters, alcohol and pine resins.
They are used for:

minor skin damage in the form of abrasions, lacerations and bruises;
purulent-inflammatory foci, using medicinal ointments and solutions;
postoperative wound care.

The technique for applying such a bandage is as follows:

eliminate hairline shaving, if any;
Along the contour of the dressing material, the skin is treated with cleol;
there is a piece of gauze on top of the sterile napkin, ensuring complete fixation;
as additional measures, perform several rounds with a gauze bandage.

2. Plaster - fixation of the dressing material is carried out with strips of medical plaster. They are used like cleol, but the application technique is slightly different:

the wound is disinfected and covered with a sterile cloth;
strips of the plaster are applied crosswise, parallel or along the contour of the napkin;
the number of strips may be different, the main thing is to achieve good fixation;
It is possible to perform several rounds with a gauze bandage as a safety net.

3. Kerchiefs are made from a piece of cloth, which is folded into triangular shape. They are used when first aid is necessary:

bruises and head wounds;
injuries, sprains, fractures of the upper and lower limbs;
hospital conditions in postoperative period. Can be used on any part of the body.

The technique for applying them is as follows:

the damaged area of the body is given a physiological position;
the wide part of the flap rests on the area that needs to be covered or suspended;
The corners of the fabric provide fixation to the body.

Bandages

There are several main types of gauze dressings:

circular - each subsequent revolution completely covers the previous one;
spiral - each subsequent turn of the bandage should cover only half of the previous one;
cruciform, spicate - the rounds of the bandage cross each other, crossing each other.

Head and neck bandages

Returning headband or "Hippocrates' cap" used for bandaging the parietal region of the head
if necessary:

stopping bleeding from open wounds;
fixation of dressing material

The application technique is as follows:

two bandages are spread out 15 cm, placed one inside the other, then rolled towards each other;
holding a bandage in two hands, apply it to the back of the head below the occipital protuberance and lead to the frontal region;
Having completed the bend, return to the occipital bone and make a cross;
direct one bandage through the parietal region to the frontal region, and the other - continue circular movements;
cross again in the frontal region;
bandage in the hand, which was performing a circular movement, direct through parietal bone, to the occipital region, and the other, respectively, through the temporal;
repeat the cross at the occipital protuberance;
continue bandaging until the entire cranial vault is covered with dressing material;
make several fixing rounds, tie a knot.

Cap – covers the entire cranial vault, additionally fixed to the lower jaw.
Technique:

Place a piece of bandage, 50-70 cm long, on the parietal region with equal hanging edges along the cheekbone;
perform several fastening turns around the head;
in the occipital region, the bandage should pass under the occipital protuberance;
make a cross in the area of the tie and cover the parietal area in an oblique direction;
wrap around the tie on the opposite side and also cover the frontal area in an oblique direction;
perform until the bones of the cranial vault are completely closed;
after – 2 two fixing rounds, make a knot in the tying area;
Tie the hanging ends at the chin.

Cross-shaped bandage on the neck area

This type of bandaging is applicable for:

damage to the occipital bone;
wounds on the back of the neck.

Technique:

two circular turns on the head;
obliquely downwards, towards the back of the neck;
some circular movements around the neck;
obliquely upward, towards the ear on the other side and out onto the forehead;
repeat the required number of times;
securing the tour around the head. Tie a knot.

Chest bandages

Spiral is used for:

rib fractures;
chest wall injuries;
linear wounds.

Technique:

a piece of bandage, one meter long, is placed with the middle on the shoulder;
two fixing turns in the upper abdomen;
perform spiral turns to the armpits;
again two securing turns. Knot;
the hanging end on the chest is thrown over the opposite shoulder and tied to the second end of the flap.

Bandages for the abdomen and pelvis

These are used for injuries to the anterior abdominal wall. Apply according to the scheme:

bandaging begins from the bottom up;
two fixing turns around the abdomen;
then perform spiral turns, the required amount;
completed with two strengthening rounds. Tie a knot.

There is also spica bandage, which is necessary when:

wounds of the lower abdomen;
damage to the hip joint;
injuries to the upper third of the thigh.

It is applied like this:

anchoring tours go around the abdomen;
obliquely from top to bottom, along the lateral surface of the thigh, go around it;
on the opposite side, obliquely upward, above the groin area;
they circle the body and go down again in an oblique direction;
Having completed the required amount, they finish with fixing rounds;
tie a knot.

Armbands

They are used for:

purulent-inflammatory foci;
stab wounds;
bone-traumatic injuries, in cases of first aid.

Technique:

make two turns around the wrist;
obliquely towards the phalanx, along the dorsum of the hand;
apply a spiral bandage to the finger to its base;
pass in an oblique direction to the wrist;
Two rounds. Knot.

Forearm and elbow bandage
Applicable for:

linear wounds;
purulent focal lesions

Technique for its implementation:

two turns for fixation;
the bandage is led in an oblique upward direction, while the lower edge of the bandage is pressed with the thumb;
opening the bandage a little, top edge bend towards themselves;
Having completed the required number of times, they finish with strengthening rounds;
node

Bandage Deso necessary for temporary immobilization of the upper limb as first aid. And it is applied like this:

a cotton-gauze pad is placed in the armpit;
the hand is given a physiological position, pressed to the body;
perform several rounds around the torso and arm with a bandage;
from the side of the healthy arm from the armpit along the ventral surface they continue obliquely upward to the shoulder girdle of the affected arm;
on the back surface humerus down, under elbow joint sore hand;
having gone around it, make a half turn around the body;
on the surface of the back, the bandage is directed to the shoulder girdle of the sore arm, thrown over it and lowered to the elbow joint;
rounding the forearm from below, lead along the back through the armpit from the side of the healthy arm;
repeating the cycle until the desired result is achieved, ending with the same fixing rounds and knot.

Leg bandages

The spiral bandage of the big toe is used for:

inflammatory foci of soft tissues;
temporary immobilization in case of bone-traumatic injury.

Figure-of-eight ankle bandage applicable when:

sprains of the ligamentous apparatus;
for inflammatory lesions;
for bone-traumatic injuries for rigid fixation.

Application technique:

make several circular turns above the ankle;
descend obliquely along the dorsum of the foot;
make one round around the spots and return to the ankle along the back of the foot, crossing the previous move;
secure with two turns and tie a knot.

Turtle knee bandage necessary in the same situations as in case of damage to the ankle joint, but it is applied somewhat differently:

the knee joint is given a slightly bent position;
Having completed a circular tour through the patella, subsequent turns of the bandage are made either above or below the patella.

The procedure for applying a bandage for wounds of the head, torso, upper and lower extremities

Lecture No. 29

Features of applying bandages and means to stop bleeding in winter

Temporary loosening of the tourniquet in winter is repeated every 30 minutes until the victim receives surgical care.

In winter, bandages must be applied without visible signs of compression. Compression by a bandage is manifested by cyanosis skin and swelling of the limb below the bandage, painful sensations, throbbing pain in the wound, numbness, tingling, increased bleeding from the wound (venous tourniquet phenomenon). When transporting in winter, poor circulation as a result of compression by a bandage can lead to frostbite in the peripheral parts of the limb.

To apply bandages to the head and neck, use a bandage 10 cm wide.

Circular (circular) headband. It is used for minor injuries in the frontal, temporal and occipital areas. Circular tours pass through the frontal protuberances, above the ears and through the occipital protuberance, which allows you to securely hold the bandage on your head. The end of the bandage is fixed with a knot in the forehead area.

Cross-shaped headband. The bandage is convenient for injuries to the back of the neck and occipital region (Fig. 1). First, securing circular tours are applied to the head. Then the bandage is carried obliquely down behind the left ear to the back of the neck, along the right side surface of the neck, passed to the front of the neck, its side surface on the left and raised obliquely along the back of the neck above the right ear to the forehead. The bandage strokes are repeated the required number of times until the dressing material covering the wound is completely covered. The bandage is completed with circular tours around the head.

Rice. 1. Cross-shaped (eight-shaped) headband

Hippocrates' cap. The bandage allows you to securely hold the dressing material on the scalp. Apply a bandage using two bandages (Fig. 2). The first bandage is used to perform two to three circular strengthening tours around the head.

Rice. 2. Stages of applying the “Hippocrates Cap” bandage

The beginning of the second bandage is fixed with one of the circular rounds of the first bandage, then the course of the second bandage is carried out through the cranial vault until it intersects with the circular course of the first bandage in the forehead area.

After the cross, the second round of bandage is returned through the vault of the skull to the back of the head, covering the previous round on the left by half the width of the bandage. The bandages are crossed in the occipital region and the next round of the bandage is passed through the cranial vault to the right of the central tour. The number of returning strokes of the bandage on the right and left should be the same. Finish applying the bandage with two to three circular rounds.

Headband "bonnet". A simple, comfortable bandage that firmly fixes the dressing on the scalp (Fig. 3).

A piece of bandage (tie) about 0.8 m long is placed on the crown of the head and its ends are lowered down in front of the ears. The wounded person or an assistant holds the ends of the tie taut. Perform two fastening circular bandage rounds around the head. The third round of the bandage is carried out over the tie, circled around the tie and led obliquely through the forehead area to the tie on the opposite side. Wrap the bandage around the tie again and lead it through the occipital region to the opposite side. In this case, each stroke of the bandage overlaps the previous one by two-thirds or half. Using similar strokes, the bandage covers the entire scalp. Finish applying the bandage with circular turns on the head or fix the end of the bandage with a knot to one of the ties. The ends of the tie are tied with a knot under the lower jaw.

Rice. 3. Headband “bonnet”

Bridle bandage. Used to hold dressing material on wounds in the parietal region and wounds of the lower jaw (Fig. 4). The first securing circular moves go around the head. Further along the back of the head, the bandage is passed obliquely to the right side of the neck, under the lower jaw, and several vertical circular passes are made, which cover the crown or submandibular area, depending on the location of the damage. Then the bandage from the left side of the neck is passed obliquely along the back of the head to the right temporal region and the vertical rounds of the bandage are secured with two or three horizontal circular strokes around the head.

Rice. 4. Bridle bandage

In case of damage in the chin area, the bandage is supplemented with horizontal circular moves, grasping the chin (Fig. 5).

Rice. 5. Bridle bandage with chin grip

After completing the main rounds of the “bridle” bandage, move the bandage around the head and move it obliquely along the back of the head, the right side surface of the neck and make several horizontal circular moves around the chin. Then they switch to vertical circular passages that pass through the submandibular and parietal regions. Next, the bandage is moved through the left surface of the neck and the back of the head and returned to the head and circular tours are made around the head, after which all rounds of the bandage are repeated in the described sequence.

When applying a bridle bandage, the wounded person must keep his mouth slightly open, or place a finger under his chin while bandaging, so that the bandage does not interfere with opening the mouth and does not compress the neck.

One eye patch - monocular(Fig. 6). First, horizontal fastening tours are applied around the head. Then, in the back of the head, the bandage is passed down under the ear and passed obliquely up the cheek to the affected eye. The third move (fixing) is made around the head. The fourth and subsequent moves are alternated in such a way that one move of the bandage goes under the ear to the affected eye, and the next one is a fixing one. Bandaging is completed with circular moves on the head.

The bandage on the right eye is bandaged from left to right, on the left eye - from right to left.

Rice. 6. Blindfolds:

a – monocular patch on the right eye; b – monocular patch on the left eye; c – binocular patch on both eyes

The bandage on both eyes is binocular (Fig. 6 c). It begins with circular fixing tours around the head, then in the same way as when applying a bandage to the right eye. After which the bandage is applied from top to bottom to the left eye. Then the bandage is directed under the left ear and along the occipital region under the right ear, along the right cheek to the right eye. The bandages shift downwards and towards the center. From the right eye, the bandage returns above the left ear to the occipital region, passes above the right ear to the forehead and again passes to the left eye. The bandage is finished with circular horizontal rounds of the bandage across the forehead and back of the head.

Neapolitan bandage for the ear area. The strokes of the bandage correspond to the strokes when applying a bandage to the eye, but pass above the eye on the side of the bandaged ear (Fig. 7).

Fig.7. Neapolitan ear bandage

Head scarf. The base of the scarf is placed in the back of the head, the top is lowered onto the face. The ends of the scarf are tied on the forehead. The top is folded up over the tied ends and secured with a safety pin (Fig. 8).

Rice. 8. Headband

Sling bandage. Sling-shaped head bandages allow you to hold dressing material in the nose (Fig. 9 a), upper and lower lips, chin (Fig. 9 b), as well as on wounds of the occipital, parietal and frontal regions (Fig. 10). The uncut part of the sling is used to cover the aseptic material in the wound area, and its ends are crossed and tied at the back (the upper ones are in the neck area, the lower ones are on the back of the head or on the crown).

Rice. 9. Sling bandage:

a – nose; b - chin

Rice. 10. Sling Headbands:

a – to the occipital region; b – to the parietal region

To hold the dressing material on the back of the head, a sling is made from a wide strip of gauze or cloth. The ends of such a bandage intersect in the temporal areas. They are tied on the forehead and under the lower jaw.

In the same way, apply a sling-shaped bandage to the parietal region and forehead. The ends of the bandage are tied at the back of the head and under the lower jaw.

Neck bandage. Apply with circular bandaging. To prevent it from sliding down, circular rounds on the neck are combined with rounds of a cruciform bandage on the head (Fig. 11).

Rice. 11. Circular bandage around the neck, reinforced with cross-shaped passages on the head