The best way avoid serious and expensive treatment - regular examinations. You can go free medical examination at any state hospital, but you can do it paid examination V private clinic. The main thing is to decide what tests to take in order to get a complete picture of your health.
General blood analysis
This is the most accessible and most common analysis, without which diagnosis is indispensable. It provides information about inflammation in the body and blood condition. Using indicators such as hemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and ESR, the presence of infection, hidden internal bleeding, anemia and other diseases can be determined.
Blood chemistry
A biochemical blood test allows you to find out more. A doctor must evaluate its results, since there is no fixed set of indicators in the biochemical analysis. Experts generally do not recommend self-medication and advise you to definitely contact a therapist before going for tests, so that he can give you directions. As part of the biochemical analysis, liver enzymes, glucose, total protein blood, cholesterol, creatinine and others. Based on the results, the doctor can evaluate the functioning of the kidneys and liver and determine the metabolic rate.
General urine analysis
Thanks to a general clinical urine analysis, the condition of the human genitourinary system is determined. Based on the level of leukocytes, a specialist can tell about the presence of inflammation in the body and determine which organ is affected. This analysis allows us to identify cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, as well as early signs of diabetes.
Blood test for markers of hepatitis and HIV
Hepatitis and AIDS are dangerous primarily because they do not manifest themselves for a long time. According to the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), Russia ranks third in the world in the number of new cases of HIV infection. Moreover, today more than half of HIV transmission cases occur through sexual contact, and not due to the use of an infected needle, as was the case before. Doctors note that hepatitis and HIV are increasingly being contracted by ordinary people of working age, people from prosperous families, and not just marginalized people and drug addicts.
That is why doctors recommend regularly getting tested for the presence of antibodies to hepatitis B and C, as well as HIV. Donating some blood is easier than being tormented by doubts. You can get tested for the presence of the immunodeficiency virus in your body free of charge and anonymously from the age of 16.
Blood test for glycated hemoglobin
This test indicates fluctuations in blood sugar not only at the time of blood draw, but also within four to six weeks before it. The higher the level of glycated hemoglobin, the higher the glycemia and, accordingly, the greater the risk of complications. diabetes mellitus. And if in the early stages you can avoid the development of the disease by changing your diet and lifestyle, then in an advanced state it is possible severe consequences: gangrene and blindness.
People over forty-five years old are recommended to check their blood for glycated hemoglobin at least once a year.
Blood test for hormones thyroid gland
Thyroid hormones perform several important functions. Firstly, they promote the growth and development of the body as a whole. And secondly, they regulate all metabolic processes and the activities of the immune, nervous, musculoskeletal, reproductive, cardiovascular, and digestive systems.
Lack of thyroid hormones (hypothyroidism) is a disease of residents of modern megacities. With hypothyroidism, the level of thyroid hormones T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) decreases, and the level of TSH (pituitary hormone) increases. As a result, performance sharply decreases, depression appears, and a sharp weight gain occurs. For women, hypothyroidism can cause disruption of the synthesis of sex hormones, and this leads to infertility, early menopause, irregular cycle and other serious problems.
A blood test to determine the level of TSH shows whether the function of the thyroid gland is reduced. It is recommended to carry out such an analysis annually for people after thirty years of age.
Other annual examinations
In addition to these important tests, after thirty years of age it is worth doing an electrocardiogram annually, which records the work of the heart. And in order not to miss the onset of hypertension, you need to measure your blood pressure.
Fluorography once a year is an excellent insurance against tuberculosis and lung cancer, the risk of which increases with every year of life.
After thirty-five years, women should also visit a mammologist annually and have an ultrasound of the mammary glands. This will not take much time, but will allow you to notice a possible tumor in time.
An annual medical examination is an integral part of monitoring your own health. This event involves passing certain tests and passing diagnostic studies, which will allow us to identify even asymptomatic diseases in the early stages.
If a disease is detected in a timely manner, it can be dealt with quite quickly and inexpensively, which cannot be said about advanced pathologies, when the patient comes to the doctor with serious symptoms.
Top mandatory annual analyzes
To monitor your own health, experts advise taking the following tests every year:
- The material for research is taken from the finger. The analysis shows the presence or absence of blood diseases, anemia, and inflammatory processes. Based on the data obtained, experienced doctor can draw conclusions about the condition immune system person.
- . This is the main study to assess the condition of the genitourinary system. The presence of leukocytes in the urine will indicate inflammation, and based on the level of this indicator, a specialist can determine which organ was affected and suggest the development of cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis and other diseases. In addition, a urine test may indicate the development of diabetes.
- Blood chemistry. To conduct the study, blood is taken from a vein. Having studied the results of this analysis, a specialist can evaluate the functioning of many organs and systems of the body: kidneys, liver, bile ducts. Biochemistry reflects the well-established metabolic processes in the body - one of the main indicators of good health.
- Blood test for glycated hemoglobin needed to assess blood sugar levels and their fluctuations over the past 4-6 weeks.
- Analysis for STIs: ureaplasmosis, trichomoniasis, mycoplasmosis and others.
- Test for thyroid hormones. For the study, blood is taken from a vein and the levels of free thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone are determined. Such diagnostics are especially important for residents of large cities, where severe natural iodine deficiency is observed.
In addition, an annual medical examination involves undergoing the following studies and examinations by specialists:
- electrocardiogram is a highly informative method for studying the functioning of the heart;
- fluorography – in the early stages allows one to suspect diseases and tumors of the tissues covering the lungs;
- for women – examination by a gynecologist, for men – by a urologist;
- An annual examination by an ophthalmologist will help prevent the development of glaucoma and cataracts;
- Sanitation of the oral cavity by a dentist will help maintain dental health for as long as possible.
What else needs to be checked after 45 years
At this age, the risk of developing various diseases, so doctors recommend undergoing annual medical examination, implying surrender additional tests and undergoing highly informative research:
- It is necessary to do an analysis for tumor markers annually: men are prescribed a tumor marker test prostate gland, rectum and large intestine, for women - for tumor markers of the mammary glands, ovaries, as well as the rectum and large intestine.
- Women should be tested for sex hormones and C-peptide.
- Conducting a colonoscopy - examination of the large intestine.
- Gastroscopy allows you to identify pathologies of the stomach, esophagus and duodenum in the early stages.
- Blood test to determine lipid profile and cholesterol levels in particular. The main goal of such a study is the timely detection of atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels. With its help, you can prevent the occurrence of vascular thrombosis, sudden stroke or heart attack.
Mandatory annual tests for women
The female body is designed in such a way that many serious gynecological diseases in the early stages they are completely asymptomatic. For this reason, women are recommended not only to visit a gynecologist annually, but also to undergo a number of mandatory tests:
- Flora smear: a study showing the quantitative and qualitative composition of the microflora of the vagina, cervix and urethra. It is the main technique that detects the presence of pathogenic agents in scraping the surface of these areas. It is the deviations in the flora smear that serve as the basis for prescribing additional high-precision tests.
- Bakposev determines the presence and type of pathogen bacterial infection. In addition, the analysis shows to which antibacterial substance the pathogenic agent detected in the analysis is sensitive.
- detects the presence of STIs: ureaplasmosis, genital herpes, chlamydia and others.
- Blood test for TORCH infections allows you to determine antibodies to the rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis and herpes simplex virus.
The state of health in the future largely depends on what measures a person takes to preserve it today. Therefore, you should not ignore the recommendations of doctors, but on your own initiative undergo a full range of diagnostic studies that describe a full picture of the coordinated work of all organs and systems of the body.
The introduction of this contraceptive is carried out in last days menstrual cycle or the first ones after it. After an abortion or childbirth without complications, the procedure is carried out immediately after the operation or after 5-6 weeks. After the postponed caesarean section The IUD can be installed only after 10-12 weeks.
As a rule, the installation is performed without anesthesia. Of course, each type of spiral has its own characteristics, but the basic principle is the same. A woman sits on a gynecological chair, treatment is carried out antiseptic external genitalia and then the cervix. After this, the neck is fixed with bullet forceps and straightened. A guidewire with a closed contraceptive is inserted into cervical canal and moves into the uterine cavity to the required distance. Then, by moving the piston, the spiral opens and is located inside. Threads - antennae are placed in the vagina and cut to the desired length. The procedure is virtually painless and takes about 5-7 minutes.
Most people care about their health in one way or another. Some eat exclusively natural and environmentally friendly products, others play sports diligently, and for some, all care begins and ends with taking multivitamins and biological active additives. Such measures, to a certain extent, allow you to maintain health, but some ailments can overcome all preventive actions and affect our body. Tumors, hereditary and infectious diseases can appear completely unnoticed against the background healthy image life and visible well-being. Such cases require only one thing: timely detection pathological process to prescribe the right treatment and stop the disease in the early stages, before the changes occurring in the body become irreversible.
Tests to protect your health
There are a number of tests and studies that help prevent unwanted deterioration in quality of life associated with the acquisition chronic diseases. That's why it's worth checking out the list diagnostic procedures, which everyone should take, depending on gender and age.
What tests should everyone take?
There are a number of diagnostic procedures recommended for everyone, regardless of gender and age. With their help, pathology can be detected even before symptoms appear. characteristic symptoms:
-General blood analysis . This type of procedure is known to everyone as “blood from a finger.” It is used to quickly determine changes in the composition of the blood that accompany the onset of a whole complex unpleasant diseases. The inflammatory process occurring in the body may be accompanied by a change in the number of leukocytes and ESR. Through a general blood test, anemia and blood diseases are detected, and the state of immunity can also be determined;-Blood sugar test . It is also customary to take it from a finger on an empty stomach. The blood sugar level indicates whether the patient has diabetes or a tendency towards it, which will allow him to adjust his lifestyle if necessary. For diabetes mellitus, a normal diet and lifestyle are completely inappropriate, since they can cause complications, and their first signs may appear in the early stages of the disease;
Using common urine test the doctor can draw conclusions about the condition he is in genitourinary system person. Changes in the composition of urine often indicate the presence of urethral diseases, Bladder, kidneys and ureters, and may also indicate metabolic disorders, for example, the development of diabetes mellitus;
An electrocardiogram shows the condition of the heart. Very often, an ECG reveals that a seemingly healthy person has suffered a micro-infarction or is in a pre-infarction state. If this is indeed the case, then the doctor will prescribe an additional examination;
Fluorography determines the condition of the lungs. With its help, tuberculosis and lung tumors are detected;
- Blood chemistry It is worth taking it annually after 45 years. With its help, you can judge the condition of the liver, kidneys, and bile ducts. By determining blood cholesterol levels, the risk of atherosclerosis can be assessed. With this disease the walls blood vessels become covered with plaques, narrowing their lumen, which disrupts the blood supply to the organs.
Analysis for hormones and tumor markers
A blood test for hormones should be taken annually after 40 years of age. If the area where you live is characterized by iodine deficiency, then the risk of thyroid diseases is high, so it is worth taking an annual test thyroid hormone test , and also perform an ultrasound scan. Blood test for tumor markers - this is another important modern analysis , allowing us to determine the development cancerous tumors in the early stages. For women, it is recommended to check for tumor markers of the ovaries and breast, and for men – of the prostate gland.
Additional inspections
It is very important to pass medical checkup at the ophthalmologist. At the same time, I check not only visual acuity, but also signs of glaucoma, cataracts, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis. The specialist examines the fundus of the eye and measures eye pressure.
About the benefits of tests
The human body is very complex mechanism, in which each individual system works in conjunction with the others. Thus, any violation, even a seemingly insignificant one, leads in the long term to negative consequences.
Since blood circulates throughout the body, its formula is affected by any inflammatory process.
Hormone production is also centrally regulated. Therefore, a decrease in the volume of one substance often leads to an imbalance of the entire system. Quantitative indicators help doctors make accurate forecast based on test results.
At the same time, urine, being filtered in the kidneys and evacuated from the body through the genitals, provides very accurate data about their health.
Generally general idea It is not difficult to determine the well-being of both an adult and a child based on just a few laboratory tests.
The advantages of this type of research are obvious. They:
- not too expensive;
- simple;
- do not affect health, even if they are performed frequently.
If a person’s health is generally satisfactory, this does not mean that he does not have any health problems. The body’s reserve “capacity” is quite enough to compensate for many of the disorders resulting from pathologies.
In the absence of specific complaints, it is enough to come for preventive tests every year and you will never lose control over the situation. However, if you have any unpleasant signs from the list below, you should not delay your visit to the doctor for a single day:
- various pains that have a clear localization and appear regularly;
- feeling of weakness;
- high irritability;
- sudden weight gain;
- fast weight loss;
- long lasting infections.
The doctor will conduct an examination and, based on it, give directions for other examinations, but, first of all, send it to the laboratory.
What kind of tests are taken regularly?
When there are no special complaints about your health, you can limit yourself to only two samples. We are talking about general analyses:
- blood;
- urine.
This option is the cheapest and simplest, and it also allows you to identify many dangerous illnesses.
General research blood reveals the following parameters:
- amount of hemoglobin;
- rate of platelet and erythrocyte sedimentation;
- content of other components.
Based on the results of this test, the doctor is able to identify the presence of a problem and take all necessary measures to eliminate it.
A general urine test is also very informative. In addition to the previously mentioned pathologies of the kidneys and reproductive system, it can also detect diabetes and some hematopoietic diseases.
In addition, it would be useful to take a sample for lipid profile and cholesterol. Its frequency is as follows:
- at least once every five years - from 35 to 45;
- every 3 years – from 45 to 50;
- annually - after 50 years.
This analysis helps to detect problems with fat metabolism in a timely manner and signal the onset of atherosclerosis. And this, in turn, minimizes the risk:
- vascular thrombosis;
- stroke;
- heart attack.
At the moment, sugar testing is considered not very reliable. Instead, you should take a test to help determine the amount of glycated hemoglobin. With its help, it is possible to find out how much the glucose level has fluctuated over the past 6-8 weeks.
It is carried out:
- from 30 to 40 – in five years;
- from 40 to 45 – every 2 years;
- later - at least once every 12 months.
- bilirubin;
- creatinine;
- total protein;
- urea.
With its help, it is possible to get an idea of the functioning of metabolism in general and the kidneys and liver in particular. The frequency of this procedure is once a year.
A thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) test will tell you about your thyroid health. The problem is that over the past few years the number of cases of hypothyroidism has noticeably increased and therefore doctors recommend adding the previously mentioned study to the list of planned activities.
Another very informative test is for homocysteine levels. It helps detect the risk of blood clots in blood vessels.
Don't forget about hepatitis (B and C) and AIDS. These infections are already long time are considered the most common on Earth. The danger is that they do not manifest themselves in any way for many years. This analysis must also be completed annually.
How to prepare for tests
The general rules are generally not too complicated. The patient is required to:
- do not eat for at least 6 hours;
- spend a day without physical activity;
- avoid as many violent emotions and stress;
- Do not drink any alcohol for 2 days;
- No smoking for 3 hours.
All samples are taken in the morning. If the doctor gives a referral, it indicates exact time visit to the laboratory.
Before taking tests for sex hormones, women should also avoid physical intimacy and inform the specialist about the phase of the menstrual cycle.
