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The uterus is a very important organ that performs the functions of a woman’s main purpose - bearing and giving birth to children. Therefore, the removal of this purely female organ is quite difficult to bear, primarily psychologically.
On the one hand, it is logical that removal of the uterus should be carried out only for health reasons, when no conservative methods are effective in treatment. On the other hand, hysterectomy is the second most common reason for surgical interventions in gynecology after cesarean section.
This is explained by the fact that there is still an opinion among doctors that for women who do not plan to have more children, the uterus is extra baggage, and that it is easier to remove it than to treat it. Conservative treatment of many diseases of the uterus is indeed very complex and lengthy, so many women after 40-45 years themselves agree to have the uterus removed in order to quickly get rid of the symptoms that torment them.
Indications and contraindications for hysterectomy
structure of the female reproductive system
1. Malignant tumors of the body, cervix and ovaries. This is the main indication for removal of the uterus, often with appendages and part of the vagina, at any age.
2. Myoma. Under certain conditions, the uterus is removed for fibroids.
- Myoma larger than 12 weeks of pregnancy.
- Rapid progressive growth of education.
- Multiple myomatous nodes.
- Fibroids, accompanied by heavy bleeding leading to anemia.
- Myoma with questionable biopsy results (suspicion of atypia).
3. Endometriosis and adenomyosis, not amenable conservative treatment.
4. Prolonged heavy menstrual bleeding.
5. Uterine prolapse.
6. Abundant postpartum hemorrhage, which cannot be stopped by any other methods. Indication for emergency hysterectomy.
Contraindications to hysterectomy are:
- Any acute infectious diseases.
- Severe course of chronic cardiac, bronchopulmonary diseases, diabetes mellitus. Such patients are operated on after sufficient compensation for concomitant pathology.
- Stage 4 cancer with distant metastases, invasion of neighboring organs.
Preoperative examinations and preparation
- Examination of the cervix with cytological examination of a smear.
- Study of the microflora of the vagina and cervix. When identifying infectious process it needs to be treated.
- Ultrasonography.
- Hysteroscopy with endometrial biopsy.
- If necessary, MRI or CT scan of the pelvic organs and regional lymph nodes.
- 10 days before surgery are prescribed general tests blood, urine, biochemical analysis, ECG, blood type is determined, and examination is carried out by a therapist.
- No food is allowed 8 hours before surgery.
- On the eve of the operation, bowel cleansing is performed.
- A catheter is inserted into the bladder.
- In patients at risk of thrombophlebitis, elastic bandaging of the limbs is necessary immediately before surgery.
- When planning a total hysterectomy, vaginal sanitation is necessary - washing it with antiseptics.
Main types of operations
The operation can be performed under general endotracheal anesthesia, spinal anesthesia or combined anesthesia.
Depending on the volume of tissue removed, operations are divided into:
- Subtotal removal (supravaginal amputation of the uterus). The resection boundary for this operation is the internal os. The cervix and vagina are preserved. This is the most gentle and least traumatic removal for a woman.
- Total removal ( extirpation of the uterus along with the cervix and part of the vagina). Extirpation can be carried out both with the appendages and with their preservation.
- Extended extirpation (radical removal) – removal of the uterus with the cervix, appendages, surrounding tissue and lymph nodes. The main indication for such an operation is malignant neoplasms of the uterine body, endometrium, cervix and ovaries.
Based on the type of access and method of execution, surgical removal of the uterus is divided into:
1. Abdominal surgeries. Produced through an anterior incision abdominal wall(straight or transverse). The ligaments connecting the uterus with other organs and with the sacrum are crossed and ligated blood vessels. The uterus is brought out into the wound, clamps are applied along the boundaries of the removal, the organ is cut off and removed through the surgical incision.
Supravaginal amputation requires less time to mobilize the organs being removed. A total hysterectomy requires careful separation of the cervix and vagina from Bladder.
Disadvantages of such an operation:
- A scar remains on the abdomen.
- Greater tissue trauma, greater risk of bleeding and infection.
- Long postoperative period.
- Pain syndrome.
- Longer rehabilitation is required.
open surgery (direct/transverse incision of the abdominal wall)
However, such operations also have their own advantages:
- This surgical approach allows for a thorough inspection of the tissue surrounding the uterus, lymph nodes and neighboring organs.
- Abdominal surgery is faster, which shortens the period of anesthesia. The duration of laparotomy hysterectomy is from 40 minutes to 1.5 hours.
- It does not require expensive equipment, can be performed in any department of operative gynecology and is free of charge.
2. Laparoscopic hysterectomy. Through several punctures, a laparoscope and special instruments are inserted into the abdominal cavity. Under visual control of the laparoscope, all uterine ligaments are intersected and vascular bundles, the uterus is cut off and removed through the vagina using special forceps. The operation lasts 2.5 – 3 hours.
3. Hysteroscopic hysterectomy . All manipulations are performed through a circular incision in the vagina under the control of a hysteroscope. The operation is complex, requiring high skill of the doctor and expensive equipment. Duration 2-2.5 hours.
Endoscopic removal of the uterus is becoming quite widespread. Currently, this is the most commonly performed surgery for fibroids. Basic advantages such operations:
- Low tissue trauma due to the absence of large incisions.
- Short postoperative period. After a few hours you can get up, discharge from the hospital is possible in a few days.
- Less risk of bleeding and suppuration.
- Less severe pain syndrome.
- No postoperative scars on the abdomen.
However, endoscopic operations are not always possible. Not shown They:
- At large sizes tumors.
- For malignant ovarian tumors, when a thorough revision of the pelvis is necessary.
- For emergency operations.
- In the presence of adhesive disease of the abdominal cavity.
- After a caesarean section.
Postoperative period
After surgery, painkillers and antibiotics are prescribed to prevent infection. The catheter is left in the bladder for up to one day. After laparoscopic and endoscopic surgery, you are allowed to get up after a few hours, after abdominal surgery - after a day.
Discharge from the hospital is made on 5-7 days.
Minor vaginal discharge may persist for several weeks.
Possible complications of the operation
1. Complications during or immediately after surgery.
- Damage during surgery to the bladder or ureter.
- Bleeding.
- Failure of seams.
- Acute urinary retention.
- Thrombophlebitis of the pelvic veins or veins of the lower extremities.
- Pelvioperitonitis.
- Formation of hematomas with their possible suppuration.
2. Late postoperative complications.
- Postoperative hernias.
- Prolapse of the vaginal walls.
- Urinary incontinence.
- Adhesive disease.
The consequences of hysterectomy can also include a depressive state, which often requires the intervention of a psychologist and psychotherapist.
Life of a woman after hysterectomy
The only indisputable fact in a woman’s life after removal of the uterus is that she will not be able to get pregnant and give birth to a child. This is a big psychological trauma for women of childbearing age. Fortunately, young women are having their uterus removed less and less often.
The main patient population for such operations are menopausal women. For them, removal of the uterus is also often accompanied by great stress, since in society there are still many negative judgments about the consequences of such an operation.
The main fears that accompany a woman before removal of the uterus:
- The rapid onset of menopause with all its complications (pressure surges, hot flashes, depression, osteoporosis).
- Violation of sexual life, loss of sexual desire.
- Weight gain.
- Development of breast cancer.
- Loss of self-respect on the part of the husband.
Often these fears are unfounded. If the vagina and cervix are preserved, sexual sensations remain almost unchanged, and a woman is also able to receive satisfaction from sexual intercourse. According to some patients, their sex life After the operation it became even brighter.
A rapid onset of menopause is indeed possible if the ovaries are removed along with the uterus. However modern medicine able to cope with this complication, there are many hormone replacement therapy drugs. They are prescribed by a doctor, preferably a gynecologist-endocrinologist.
Breast cancer does not depend in any way on removal of the uterus. Another thing is that in women with hormonal disorders it develops more often. Therefore, uterine fibroids and breast tumors are parts of the same pathogenesis.
Removing the uterus does not affect life expectancy or its quality in any way.
Patients who have undergone hysterectomy still note more advantages than disadvantages.
- Chronic pain and bleeding disappear.
- There is no need to think about contraception, liberation occurs in your sexual life.
- There is no risk of developing cancer of this organ.
To remove or not to remove the uterus?
If there are absolute indications for surgery (malignant tumors or profuse bleeding), this question does not arise. We are talking about life and death here.
It’s another matter if the disease is not life-threatening (for example, uterine fibroids are the most common reason hysterectomies currently).
In any case, the decision is made by the woman herself. Here, a lot depends on her psychological mood, awareness, as well as on the choice of “her” doctor.
If the doctor insists on removing the uterus, but the woman is categorically not inclined to do this, you need to look for another doctor. In 3/4 of cases, removal of the uterus for fibroids is unjustified. There are many conservative methods treatment, as well as organ-preserving operations. But it must be remembered that conservative treatment of fibroids is quite long, and after organ-saving operations () relapses of the disease often occur.
If a woman after 45-50 years does not intend to endure pain and bleeding for a long time, she is not in the mood for long treatment, you need to decide on an operation, often discarding unfounded fears and tuning in for a favorable outcome.
Cost of the operation
Laparotomy hysterectomy can be performed free of charge under the compulsory medical insurance policy. The cost of hysterectomy operations in private clinics depends on the type and volume of the operation performed, the equipment and materials used, the rank of the clinic, and the length of stay in the hospital.
The cost of laparotomic hysterectomy is from 9 to 30 thousand rubles.
Laparoscopic hysterectomy from 20 to 70 thousand.
Hysteroscopic removal of the uterus will cost from 30 to 100 thousand rubles.
Video: methods of performing surgical removal of the uterus - medical animation
If the hysterectomy was performed under general anesthesia, then in the first hours after surgery you may feel nauseated. You will be able to drink water within 1-2 hours after surgery, and eat after 3-4 hours, or when the nausea has passed.
For another 1-2 days after surgery, you may have a catheter in your bladder that will drain urine into an airtight container.
When will it be possible to get out of bed?
It is advisable to get out of bed as early as possible. If during the operation a large incision was made in the skin of the abdomen, then it will be possible to rise on the second day after the operation. If the operation was performed using laparoscopy, then you will be able to get out of bed on the day of the operation, in the late afternoon. The sooner you can get up and walk, the faster your recovery from surgery will be and the lower your risk of complications in the future.
Pain after surgery
After a hysterectomy, pain can be quite severe. This is due to the inflammatory process, which is the very first stage of wound healing. Pain can be felt both in the suture area and inside.
You will be prescribed painkillers to reduce pain. For very severe pain, narcotic analgesics may be required.
Some women report tingling or aching pain in the abdomen for several months after surgery. This is normal and is associated with damage to nerve endings, without which no one can survive. surgical intervention. Usually all these symptoms gradually disappear.
When will they be discharged from the hospital?
How long you will have to stay in the hospital after surgery depends on the type of surgery. After a laparoscopic hysterectomy, you may be discharged from the hospital the next day. If the operation was performed through a large incision on the skin, then you will be discharged from the hospital 2-3 days after the operation. The duration of hospitalization also depends on your diagnosis (reason for hysterectomy), your well-being, and the presence or absence of complications.
How long does it take to recover after hysterectomy?
Recovery from surgery may take several weeks:
- after abdominal hysterectomy: 4-6 weeks
- after vaginal hysterectomy: 3-4 weeks
- after laparoscopic hysterectomy: 2-4 weeks
You can leave town no sooner than 3 weeks after surgery if you do not have a large stitch in your stomach, or no earlier than 6 weeks after your abdominal hysterectomy (if you have a large stitch in your stomach). The same applies to air travel.
How long should you not lift weights after a hysterectomy?
You should not lift anything heavy for at least another 6 weeks, as this may lead to abdominal pain, spotting from the vagina, or even a hernia that will have to be operated on again.
How long can you not have sex after a hysterectomy?
You will have to abstain from sex for at least another 6 weeks after surgery.
How long can you not swim after a hysterectomy?
Diet after hysterectomy surgery
You can return to your normal diet immediately after leaving the hospital. But try to avoid foods that cause bloating (formation of gases in the intestines) at first.
Suture after hysterectomy
After an abdominal hysterectomy, the incision in the skin of the abdomen may be quite large. It needs to be carefully looked after until it heals completely.
If suture material does not resolve on its own, then you will need to return to the hospital in a few days: your surgeon will inform you on what day after the operation the stitches can be removed. If the stitches are supposed to dissolve on their own (your surgeon will tell you this), they will usually dissolve within 6 weeks after surgery.
In the first days after surgery, you will need to additionally treat the suture to reduce the risk of inflammation. Betadine, which can be found at the pharmacy, is suitable for this.
You can take a shower or bath without fear: the skin in the area of the seam can be gently washed with shower gel and then rinsed with water.
The skin around the incision may be itchy due to stretching: to ease the itching, apply lotion or cream to the skin with gentle movements.
Some women report that the skin around the incision “burns” or, conversely, becomes numb. All these phenomena are also normal and usually disappear several months after surgery.
Brown vaginal discharge after hysterectomy
After a hysterectomy, bloody vaginal discharge is almost always observed: it can be dark brown, reddish, light brown or pink. This is all normal.
The discharge usually persists for several weeks after surgery: 4 to 6 weeks. In the first 2 weeks, the discharge will be most noticeable, and then it will become increasingly scarce. The amount of discharge varies individually, but almost always depends on physical activity: The more you move, the more discharge you get.
The discharge may have a specific smell and this is also normal. But if the discharge still smells unpleasant, then you need to contact a gynecologist. After removal of the uterus, local vaginal immunity may be reduced, which is accompanied by several increased risk inflammation. Discharges from unpleasant smell will be the first sign that something is going wrong.
If the discharge is heavy, as during normal periods, or comes out with blood clots, then you should also consult a doctor. This symptom may indicate that one of the vessels is bleeding and the bleeding will not stop without the help of a gynecologist.
Temperature after hysterectomy
In the first days after surgery, your body temperature may be slightly elevated. During this time, you will still be under medical supervision and will be prescribed antibiotics if necessary.
After being discharged home, you may also notice that your body temperature remains around 37C, or rises to 37C in the late afternoon. And that's okay. You should consult a doctor if your body temperature is above 37.5C.
Removal of the uterus and menopause
If during a hysterectomy not only the uterus, but also the ovaries were removed, then already in the first weeks after the operation you may notice symptoms of menopause: hot flashes, mood swings, excessive sweating, insomnia, etc. This is due to a sudden decrease in the level of female sex hormones in the blood: previously they were produced by the ovaries, but now there are no ovaries. This condition is called surgical or artificial menopause.
Surgical menopause is no different from natural menopause (when menopause occurs on its own), and nevertheless, after surgery, menopause symptoms may be more pronounced. If you cannot cope with the symptoms of menopause on your own, contact your gynecologist. Your doctor may prescribe you a course of hormone replacement therapy, which will help you transition to menopause more smoothly (the only exception is women who have had their uterus removed due to cancer, – in this situation, hormones are contraindicated).
If during the operation only the uterus was removed, but the ovaries remained, then the only difference you will notice after the operation is the absence of menstruation. At the same time, hormones will be produced in the ovaries, which means there will be no other symptoms of menopause. However, it has been noted that even if the ovaries remain, removal of the uterus “accelerates” the onset of menopause: in many women, the first symptoms of menopause (sweating, mood swings, etc.) appear within the first 5 years after hysterectomy.
Our website has a whole section dedicated to menopause problems:
What complications are possible after removal of the uterus?
Complications of a hysterectomy are rare, but you need to be aware of them so you can seek medical help promptly.
In the first weeks or months after surgery, the following complications are possible:
- Inflammation of the wound: the skin around the suture becomes red, swollen, very painful or throbbing, body temperature rises to 38C or higher, poor health, headaches, and nausea are observed.
- Bleeding: After surgery, some blood vessels may open again and begin to leak blood. In this case, profuse bleeding from the vagina appears. The blood is usually red or dark red in color and may come out with clots.
- Inflammation of the urethra or bladder: Some women experience pain or stinging when urinating after the catheter is removed. This is due to mechanical damage to the mucous membranes by the urinary catheter. Usually, after 4-5 days the pain goes away. If the symptoms do not go away and intensify, then you need to consult a doctor again.
- Thromboembolism: this is a blockage of blood vessels with blood clots or blood clots. To prevent this complication, it is recommended to get out of bed and move as soon as possible after surgery.
In the following months or years after surgery, the following complications are possible:
- The onset of menopause: even if the ovaries were not removed along with the uterus, menopause may occur after the operation. See Hysterectomy and Menopause.
- Prolapse of the vaginal walls: manifested by sensation foreign body in the vagina, urinary or fecal incontinence. It is available on our website.
- Urinary incontinence: an unpleasant consequence of hysterectomy, which is most often associated with prolapse of the anterior vaginal wall. It is available on our website.
- Chronic pain: This is a rare complication that can develop after any surgery. Chronic pain can last for years, affecting quality of life. To deal with this problem, you need to see a doctor who treats pain.
Gynecological pathologies- a very “popular” problem among the fairer sex, which, unfortunately, cannot in any case be solved with the help of conservative therapy, particularly in such situations when it comes to cancerous tumors in the uterine cavity or other organs of the genitourinary area.
In such circumstances, the only effective method of getting rid of pathology is an intervention to remove the organ, which is considered one of the most applicable in surgical gynecology.
Surgical intervention to remove the female reproductive organ is a very strong test for every woman, because this manipulation not only causes severe pain, but is also a psychological blow that entails emotional oppression and a feeling of inferiority.
Many people believe that life after the operation of excision of the uterus is no longer full in terms of sexual desire and contact, but any patient simply must understand that the operation performed stops the sadly promising development cancer, thus saving her life.
Who needs surgery to remove the uterus, how many types of intervention are there in modern gynecology, what is the preparation and prognosis for the results of surgical manipulation to remove the uterus?
Such questions are quite popular among representatives of the fairer sex who have crossed the 40-year mark, who are at risk of developing pathologies that require surgical treatment.
Indications for hysterectomy
In surgical gynecology, the procedure for amputation of the uterus has its own name - hysterectomy, it is indicated in situations where curative therapy did not have a positive result or when the patient sought help too late.
In some European countries Hysterectomy is performed even for those patients who have a hereditary tendency to develop uterine cancer or according to the wishes of a woman who does not want to have her own children and is afraid of developing complex gynecological pathologies.
For representatives of the fairer sex of our country, the reproductive function is very significant, so it is very rare to meet a patient who, without a doctor’s recommendation, would have the reproductive organ removed.
Hysterectomy may be indicated by a doctor for such disorders or diseases of the reproductive and genitourinary areas as:
Excision of the uterus is prescribed by oncologists only in extreme cases, because its implementation completely deprives a woman of reproductive quality. This measure is carried out for fibroids and other complex pathologies.
Myoma
Intervention to remove fibroids in the uterine cavity is carried out in case of significant growth of miasmatic tumors, large volumes of tumors and other complex conditions, if it is not possible to perform myomectomy or embolization.
Excision of the uterus for fibroids– the result may not always please the patient, since during the operation sometimes not only the uterus is removed, but also its appendages, the fallopian tubes, and in 40% of situations the ovaries are also excised.
Under the term fibroids in medical practice refers to a benign neoplasm from the muscle and connective structure.
Often the formation develops in the uterus. Fibroids come in all sizes.
When the myomatous nodes of the tumor are more than 6 cm and the uterus is of significant size, similar to the 12th week of gestation, then such a benign neoplasm is large.
In order to get rid of fibroids, one of the following types of intervention may be indicated: laparoscopic or abdominal myomectomy, intervention to excise the reproductive organ.
Hysterectomy for this pathology is indicated as a last resort, when other methods have failed, or the patient’s age category is over 40 years.
The process of growth of the mucous layer of the uterine body into the ovaries, peritoneum, fallopian tubes and other areas in which its presence should not be is called in medicine.
This pathology associated with inflammation of nearby organs on which the internal uterine layer grows, a painful manifestation when critical days, vaginal discharge.
In some cases, with endometriosis, it becomes necessary to perform uterine excision.
However, this measure is not always effective in completely eliminating the disease.
Hysterectomy of the uterus for this pathology is indicated for patients who do not want to have more children.
In order to eliminate the threat to the patient’s life, specialists may prescribe a hysterectomy.
In such a situation, radical intervention is often carried out.
The cervix, upper fragment of the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries and nearby tissues, and lymph nodes are excised.
After hysterectomy and excision malignant neoplasm the patient is prescribed a course radiation treatment, radiotherapy.
By the time the operation is performed, it can predetermine the further formation of malignant growth in the body.
Necrosis of fibromatous nodes
The most severe deviation of uterine fibroids, associated with a lack or absence of life-sustaining nutrition of fibromatous cells with the prospect of development painful feeling and swelling. Palpation of the affected area increases pain, provokes vomiting, fever and irritation of the peritoneum.
Penetration of infection causes more significant manifestations of pain. The type of operational measure is determined purely individually. The result of the operation is related to the age category of the patient and her general state of health.
Prolapse and prolapse of the uterus
Providing factors for this deviation are considered to be weakness of the muscles in the pelvis and peritoneum. Inflammation contributes to the formation of the disease, endocrine disorders, numerous births and physically difficult work.
If there is no expected result from treatment at the initial stage of the disease, a radical method becomes necessary - hysterectomy. excision implies two ways of developing events:
- Uterine and vaginal removal;
- Fragmental excision of the vagina, allowing sexual activity.
Is surgery really necessary?
The advisability of performing a surgical intervention aimed at excision of the uterine appendages and the uterus itself is determined exclusively by the doctor
Preparing for surgery
To be fully prepared for surgery, the surgeon must stock up at least 0.5 liters of blood, which, if necessary, can be transfused to the patient.
If the patient has second or third degree iron deficiency, then before the intervention she receives a blood transfusion.
If atrophic colpitis is diagnosed, the patient undergoes a course of therapy aimed at normalizing the damaged tissues.
WITH special attention prepare those who have a tendency to form blood clots.
Such patients use drugs to reduce the development of blood clots, regulate blood density, and bring arteries and blood vessels to normal tone.
If there is a tendency to varicose veins veins, then the patient must undergo ultrasound examination legs To avoid infection during surgery, antibiotics are prescribed and administered to the patient under anesthesia.
In practice, there is an inapplicable rule in surgery: before any even the slightest significant surgical procedure is performed, each patient must certainly receive advice from specialists such as a phlebologist and a vascular surgeon.
Analyzes
Since the operation of excision of the uterus and ovaries is quite difficult, after its implementation many complications appear, therefore, the person being operated on must undergo tests to determine the condition of other organs, blood and the rest:
Bowel preparation
The following activities need to be completed and prepared:
Moral preparation
Remove from female body the main reproductive organ is a powerful stress, in particular for young women. The surgeon needs to explain why the intervention is necessary and how it will be carried out.
And the patient’s concerns about a sexually active life after a hysterectomy are unfounded, because the elimination of some organs of reproductive function does not affect the degree of libido.
Progress of the operation
In gynecological practice, for the most part, the method of laparoscopic or assisted vaginal subtotal or total removal of the uterus is used, leaving appendages on at least one side (when possible), which, without taking into account other advantages, helps to reduce the degree of manifestation of post-hysterectomy sensations.
The operation with a combined access consists of 3 stages - two laparoscopic and vaginal.
The initial stage consists of:
The next stage is presented in:
- dissection of the outer vaginal wall;
- passing through the vesicouterine ligament, following the retraction of the bladder;
- making an incision in the mucous membrane of the deep vaginal wall and applying sutures to stop bleeding on it and on the peritoneum;
- applying binding linen or silk threads to the uterosacral and cardinal ligaments, as well as to the uterine veins to intersect these tissues;
- pulling the uterus closer to the wound and cutting it off or dividing it into parts (if it is significant) and removing them one by one.
- Applying stitches to the stumps and to the vaginal mucosa.
At the third stage Laparoscopic monitoring is performed again, at which time minor bleeding capillaries (if any) are ligated and the pelvic space is drained.
Excision of the uterus- This is not only the removal of the affected organ, since hysterectomy is often associated with surgery on other anatomical tumors.
Depending on the volume of intervention performed, hysterectomy is divided into:
According to the method by which access is provided, the following types of removal of the reproductive organ are distinguished:
- laparotomy hysterectomy(the uterus is removed through a longitudinal or transverse section of the abdominal wall)
- organ removal laparoscopically(a small number of punctures, from 2 to 4, in the abdominal wall, through which the laparoscope and devices are introduced)
- vaginal hysterectomy– passage to the diseased organ is made through the vaginal cavity.
Radical hysterectomy is performed in the case of a malignant neoplasm of the uterus involving the pathological process cervix or malignant tumor cervix.
Total removal is required for large uterine fibroids, growing endometriosis, associated diseases (formations) of the uterus and cervix, and in addition for women over 45.
In other situations, the main reproductive organ is amputated.
Whether appendages must be removed or not - this issue is often decided at the time of resection, when the organs can be seen. The method by which admission will be made largely depends on the operating surgeon. But in some situations, a woman can be given the right to choose.
The advantages of abdominal removal, include democratic prices, confidence, reduced risk of intraoperative complications, the possibility of its implementation in almost every women's department. The disadvantages include: a significant scar on the abdomen, a long stay in the hospital (10 days), a long recovery period (4 - 6 weeks).
The benefits of laparoscopic hysterectomy include: discharge after 5 days, short recovery period(2 – 4 weeks), no visual effect (no scars), reduced risk of adhesions in the abdomen, and as a result, reduced likelihood of adhesive pathology with a pronounced painful syndrome.
The disadvantages include: not very cheap surgery, the prospect of switching to laparotomy is carried out exclusively in major cities(medical centers and institutes).
Vaginal hysterectomy is easily tolerated, there are no scars on the abdomen, the recovery period is shorter, 3 - 4 weeks, there is almost no painful feeling after surgery. Disadvantages include a complicated technique and a high risk of intraoperative complications.
Abdominal surgery
In order to gain access to the uterus during abdominal surgery, the surgeon makes an incision in the abdominal wall. After completing all stages of the hysterectomy, the doctor sews up the hole and applies a sterile, clean bandage.
Despite the fact that this type of removal is used quite often, it has a number of disadvantages.
Among which: significant trauma for the patient, a large scar on the abdomen that remains after this type surgery to remove the female reproductive organ.
The duration of this type of hysterectomy is approximately 40 minutes to 2 hours.
Laparoscopic
Gentle hysterectomy is a laparoscopic method of performing the intervention.
This type of surgery is performed without significant incisions on the abdomen.
To perform laparoscopic surgery, medical instruments and devices are used:
- First, gas is injected into the abdominal space through a gynecological tube called a cannula. This is required so that the wall of the peritoneum rises above the organs, and the surgeon has access to the organ to be removed.
- Then the surgery itself begins. In order to remove the uterus itself or other nearby organs, the surgeon inserts tubes into the abdominal space through small incisions on the abdomen. Through which a video camera and surgical devices are lowered into the cavity.
Laparoscopic excision of the uterus lasts 1.5-3.5 hours. The property of this method is that the incision is small, and accordingly there are no consequences in the form of a scar on the stomach.
Vaginal
The manipulation is a convenient option, does not require sutures, and does not leave scars. This type of hysterectomy is characterized by rapid physical and mental recovery.
Despite the many advantages, this type of surgery has a number of contraindications.
The operation is prohibited when:
- The uterus is of significant volume;
- A neoplasm of a malignant nature is present;
- There is an inflammatory phenomenon;
- Previous cesarean section;
- Associated diseases have been identified.
Anesthesia
For the most part, endotracheal joint anesthesia is used. Many patients testify that it is well tolerated and does not cause headaches.
The patient is awakened after 15-20 minutes, immediately after performing a similar operation, such as laparoscopic removal of the uterus.
Postoperative time with appropriate anesthesia leads to excellent results after surgery: there is no painful sensation, there is a slight inconvenience that disappears after 2 days. In some cases, nausea may occur, but this is eliminated "Metoclopramide."
For the first 24 hours, you are allowed to drink only water. By the evening of the day of surgery, you can already rise and stand on your feet. The next day you can eat food that does not irritate the gastrointestinal tract: liquid porridge, meat broths, fermented milk products.
Discharge takes place on the second day after the amputation, and the sick leave ends after 30 days. After which the woman can go to work without difficulty, but with a restriction of heavy physical activity for 30 days.
The sutures are removed on the 5th postoperative day.
After surgery, complications are possible, which occur extremely rarely: This is injury to nearby organs with a trocar, bleeding from incompletely ligated veins, subdermal emphysema.
All this can be prevented if you strictly follow the technique of the event and carefully carry out visual inspection of the abdominal space.
Operation duration
The duration depends on the method of admission, the type of excision and the volume of surgical intervention, the presence of adhesions, the volume of the uterus and a large number of other factors. However, the average duration of the entire operation is usually 1-3 hours.
The basic technical principles of intervention to remove the uterus with laparotomy and laparoscopic access are the same.
The fundamental difference is that in the first case, the organ with or without appendages is removed through an incision in the abdominal wall, and in the second, the organ is removed using an electromechanical device (morcellator) and is distributed in the abdominal space into parts, which are then removed using a laparoscopic tube (tube). ).
Postoperative period
It is no secret that the time interval that continues from the day of execution surgical removal until the restoration of working capacity and excellent health, was named as postoperative period. Hysterectomy is also characterized by such a period.
The time after amputation is divided into 2 “sub-periods”:
- Early;
- Late postoperative period.
During the early postoperative period, the patient is in a hospital setting under the supervision of doctors. Its duration is related to surgical admission and the general condition of the patient after surgery.
After a hysterectomy of the uterus and/or appendages, which was performed either by an incision in the vagina or through an incision in the abdominal wall, the patient stays in the women’s department for 8–10 days, and it is at the end of this period that the sutures are removed.
After laparoscopic surgery to remove the uterus, the patient is discharged after 3 to 5 days.
The first day after surgery
The initial postoperative days are especially sensitive:
Treatment after surgery
Treatment after surgery is as follows:
The early postoperative period is considered normal when there are no complications.
Recovery and rehabilitation
The rehabilitation and recovery time after surgery to remove the uterus is the most difficult when it comes to abdominal surgery. Postoperative time is presented as a week, and the sutures from the scar are removed on the sixth or seventh day.
Abdominal or abdominal surgery removal of the female reproductive organ is required in cases of uterine cancer, significant fibroids, or in situations of suspected ovarian cancer.
Such a surgical intervention makes it possible to more accurately assess the degree of disease of the genital organs, but it increases and aggravates the recovery period after excision of the reproductive organ.
The method of vaginal removal of a diseased organ is practiced by cutting the deep walls of the vagina. The patient at this moment is located in the gynecological chair.
Such a surgical procedure is carried out in the absence of the slightest suspicion of any form or type of oncology, and when the uterus is small. Vaginal ectomy is complicated by the fact that it is performed blindly and for this reason becomes likely to appear postoperative health complications.
Nutrition
The patient’s diet after surgery to remove the uterus must include the principle of a gentle regime: the exclusion of aggressive or irritating foods to the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract.
The following foods must be avoided:
- confectionery products,
- rich coffee and tea,
- cheese and cottage cheese,
- chocolate,
- white bread, buns.
To “start” intestinal functions after surgical manipulation, you need to eat in small portions, but often - 5-7 times a day. The daily volume of water consumption must be increased to 2-4 liters.
The consumption of foods that have a laxative effect is required: all types of cereals, meat and vegetable broths, fermented milk products.
Main instructions- strictly follow the diet prescribed by the attending physician, as in initial days at the end of the operation and during the rehabilitation period.
Physical exercise
Operated patients are prohibited from lifting large bags or other heavy items for about a month and a half after discharge from the hospital. The timing is similar for the start of sexual activity.
Visiting the pool for women who have undergone surgery to remove the uterus is permissible no earlier than 6-8 weeks after hysterectomy.
Despite the fact that the sutures dissolve in the body within 6 weeks, start physical exercise, or going to fitness centers, surgeons recommend only six months after abdominal surgery, when a scar has formed. The patient’s leading specialist will explain a lot about light exercise classes.
After the intervention, the period of bringing the body back to normal and recovery becomes very important, so each woman receives the necessary recommendations from a gynecologist or surgeon, which will provide a preventive option against the occurrence of complications, will quickly recover and return to normal after the operation.
Among the fundamentally important tips, the following become mandatory:
The attention and care of loved ones undoubtedly contributes to rapid rehabilitation.
When a woman, after an operation, is subject to psycho-emotional depression and is unable to overcome her own difficulties on her own, she becomes necessary help from the outside in the form of psychological recovery, conversations with a psychologist, and most importantly - the care and love of family members.
The hysterectomy slightly changes the patient’s usual lifestyle.
In order to ensure a quick and successful recovery and recovery after surgery, doctors inform their patients about rehabilitation methods and specific steps on the path to recovery.
Postoperative bandage
If the early postoperative period proceeded without any negative changes, then after the patient’s stay in the hospital has passed, she must immediately take care of her own health and prevent future consequences.
Bandage in this matter she is very good helper. This device is a help during the final postoperative period.
It is especially acceptable for those women who are classified in the premenopausal age category and have a history of numerous pregnancies and childbirths with aggravated conditions.
There are a number of models of such a support corset; it is necessary to select only the option in which a woman who has undergone surgical surgery does not feel any discomfort or inconvenience.
The main condition when selecting a corset bandage– its width boundaries must be located higher than the scar, at least 100 mm above and below (in the event that a laparotomy was performed in the area below the middle of the abdomen).
Pros and cons of the operation
Positive aspects still exist after surgery to remove the uterus. Before deciding on this surgery to excise the uterus with or without appendages, you need to soberly evaluate all the advantages and disadvantages.
The positive properties of hysterectomy include:
- absence of menstrual flow and the emergence along with them of the question of the need to use protective equipment;
- no pain or bleeding, which significantly complicate the quality of life;
- guarantee against uterine cancer(no organ – no threat) weight loss, waist reduction.
The negative points include:
Uterine artery embolization - as an alternative
perceived as innovative and modern technology, despite the fact that it began to be actively used back in the 70s of the 20th century.
The principle of embolization is presented in the form of inserting a catheter into femoral vein, then the tube reaches the uterine vein (under observation by x-ray), and then the area where the arteries and veins branch from it, which provide blood supply to the fibroid nodes.
The introduction of specially created medications through a catheter creates a blockage of blood supply in small capillaries, leading to myomatous neoplasms and disrupts blood circulation in them.
Embolization of the uterine arteries is becoming an excellent option for replacing surgical intervention to remove uterine fibroids, since it helps stop the growth and development of nodes, and even minimize their size or completely dry out.
A similar manipulation is carried out in the presence of developing uterine fibroids up to 20 weeks, however, in cases where pathologies of the ovaries and cervix are not observed, and in patients in whom it is established that fibroids are developing.
In addition, uterine artery embolization is prescribed for uterine bleeding, which can cause the patient’s death.
And yet, situations arise when a hysterectomy due to fibroids becomes impossible to replace in any other way:
- submucosal uterine fibroids;
- significant volumes of uterine fibroids;
- aggravation of fibroids by the growth of the inner layer of the uterus and neoplasms of the ovaries;
- continuous bleeding, which can lead to iron deficiency and anemia;
- developing and growing neoplasm.
In which cases?
At its core, embolization of the reproductive organ and nearby tissues is prescribed when the following signs and conditions appear:
Similar to any medical procedure, surgical manipulation to remove the uterus, has characteristic contraindications such as:
- The size of fibroid formations is too large, when the uterus is enlarged in size when compared with the 25-week state of gestation;
- The presence of a large number of neoplasms of different sizes;
- Inflammatory vaginal diseases;
- Insufficient kidney function;
- The state of bearing a child;
- Myoma blood supply disorder;
- Presence of parallel oncology of the external genital organs, etc.
As usual, if there are contraindications, venous occlusion is performed, which is performed using the laparoscopic method.
In some cases, occlusion has only a temporary property; it is in such a situation that the blood supply is blocked for a certain time interval, thanks to specially created blood clots, gelatin-containing medications and other devices and components. Still, temporary occlusion is used quite infrequently.
Consequences and complications
After removal of the uterus, the following complications may occur:
- Painful feeling after hysterectomy surgery, may be detected due to the formation of adhesions or blood loss. These signs quite often occur on the first day after the operation.
- In addition, thrombosis of the deep vessels of the legs may become a consequence of the intervention., all kinds of urination disorders, fever, suppuration and inflammation of the stitching site, bruises and extensive hematomas.
- In addition, a decrease in the degree and strength of sexual desire is likely and the occurrence of dryness in the vaginal cavity, however, such complications are more an exception than an axiom.
- Women after surgery become significantly prone to such pathologies as osteoporosis and atherosclerosis.
All these complications and negative manifestations significantly lengthen rehabilitation and recovery time. Quite often, after removal of the uterus, women experience all the signs and symptoms of menopause.
Cost of the operation
Unambiguously answer the question “what is the cost of this operation?” very difficult. Often the cost depends on many reasons.
Among the main ones:
- area of permanent residence of a woman,
- class of hospital and specialists,
- scale of hysterectomy and its duration,
- hospital conditions.
For example, laparoscopic extirpation in private medical institutions will cost the patient 16000-90000 rubles , and for the vaginal method of removing the reproductive organ you will have to pay in the area from 25,000 to 85,000 rubles.
Recovery after hysterectomy is a long process of physical and psychological rehabilitation. It is often difficult for a woman to decide to undergo surgery due to a misconception about the complexity of the procedure. But bleeding, especially after childbirth, degeneration of fibroids into cancer, severe pain in case of endometriosis, these are the consequences of refusing surgery, sometimes incompatible with life.
Hysterectomy. Reasons, types and access
Hysterectomy is surgery to remove the uterus. This is common surgery, which usually occurs without complications and is needed in cases of urgent indications, or when conservative therapy does not help.
Main indications for surgery:
- prolonged or heavy bleeding;
- myomatous nodes in the uterus;
- metroendometritis that cannot be treated;
- oncological process of the internal genital organs;
- endometriosis;
- uterine prolapse.
The issue of removing the uterus is decided individually, taking into account the condition of the woman’s body.
There are several methods of surgical intervention to remove the uterus, depending on the diagnosis, severity of symptoms and possible complications:
- subtotal hysterectomy or amputation - removal of the uterine body;
- total hysterectomy or extirpation - the cervix is removed along with the body of the uterus;
- radical hysterectomy or panhysterectomy - the uterus, appendages, and lymph nodes are subject to removal.
The operation provides for the greatest preservation of the uterus and panhysterectomy is performed only in extreme cases when surrounding organs are involved in the process or preservation of the uterus may threaten life. 
There are several approaches for the operation. In case of significant damage, the abdominal method is used through laparotomy - an incision in the anterior abdominal wall. Sometimes a hysterectomy is performed through an incision in the vagina - the vaginal route. If the affected organs are small, the operation is often performed laparoscopically - through three small incisions. Sometimes used vaginal hysterectomy with laparoscopic assistance: the ligamentous apparatus of the uterus is crossed with a laparoscope, the vessels are ligated, and sometimes the ovaries and fallopian tubes are removed.
Modern access methods reduce the recovery period after hysterectomy. With laparoscopic removal of the uterus, rehabilitation is reduced: if after laparotomy a woman is in the hospital for about 7 days, then after laparoscopy she is discharged 3-4 days after surgery. And at the same time, complications and cosmetic problems are minimal, and pain during laparoscopy is less.
Early rehabilitation
The postoperative period includes two stages: early and late, aimed at preventing complications and restoring the physical and mental components of a woman’s life.
In the first hours, treatment after removal of the uterus is carried out to eliminate pain, normalize body functions, prevent bleeding, anemia, inflammatory diseases and thromboembolic complications. The doctor monitors the state of intestinal motility, suture healing, and discharge from the genital tract.
A woman’s nutrition after surgery should be aimed at restoring intestinal motility. Immediately after recovery from anesthesia, you can drink only still water. From the second day, the doctor allows yoghurts and liquid low-fat broths.
New foods are added to food gradually, 2 per day. The amount of fluid should be no more than 1.5 liters per day, otherwise swelling may occur. Meals after surgery to remove the uterus are split - 5-6 times a day, in small portions. Food should be unsalted, low-fat, without chemical additives, but the amount of vitamins and minerals should be sufficient. The diet should be the same during menopause.
For better healing after a hysterectomy, you should not eat foods that lead to constipation and flatulence: cabbage, legumes, corn, coffee, chocolate, white bread, dogwood. The basis of the diet will be porridge, boiled chicken, baked apples, boiled carrots, beets or puree.
Treatment after surgery or prevention of symptoms of anemia includes, in addition to prescribing iron supplements, foods that increase hemoglobin: pomegranates, dried apricots, honey.
To prevent adhesions and restore normal blood circulation, you need to get up and move on the second day after surgery.
Drugs after hysterectomy
Treatment after removal of the uterus is the same as for all interventions on the abdominal organs. Intravenous drip administration of drugs immediately after surgery is prescribed. medicines: painkillers, antibiotics, saline solutions, detoxification agents, drugs to restore blood volume, vitamins with control of injected and excreted fluid (the first 2 days after hysterectomy is established urinary catheter). If necessary, the drug proserin is injected intramuscularly to “start” the intestines.
Late rehabilitation after surgery
The second recovery period after hysterectomy begins after discharge. After surgery, sick leave is 45 days, after an uncomplicated operation performed laparoscopically - 30 days.
The first months after surgery to remove the uterus, you should not load the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall and pelvic floor. Sexual activity is allowed only after a month, in the absence of discharge or pain, but sometimes sexual rest is indicated for up to six months, depending on the extent of the operation.
Nutrition should be balanced and healthy. Foods after surgery should not be consumed spicy, fatty foods. Alcohol, confectionery, and food with dyes are prohibited. The transition to normal nutrition after surgery occurs with the gradual introduction of new foods.
The period of late rehabilitation following the operation includes measures to prevent complications, restoration of the woman’s psychological state after removal of the uterus and a return to normal life.
Drugs after hysterectomy are prescribed by the doctor depending on the extent of the operation. These are hormonal, enzymatic and restorative agents that prevent the symptoms of early menopause.
Complications after hysterectomy, treatment
Symptoms of complications may appear immediately or over time. After a hysterectomy, the patient’s condition improves, but sometimes complications of uterus removal are possible:
- prolapse of the vaginal walls;
- pain in the lower abdomen;
- urinary incontinence;
- discharge from the genital tract;
- symptoms of menopause or post-variectomy syndrome;
- formation of a fistula tract;
- neurotic disorders.
All consequences can be treated conservatively, but sometimes repeated surgery is required.
Post-variectomy symptoms occur after a hysterectomy with removal of the ovaries. They are characterized by disorders characteristic of menopause: headaches, heart pain, sleep disorders, palpitations, decreased libido, dry mucous membranes, osteoporosis, etc. But these consequences do not always appear after surgery.
The pronounced manifestations of menopause depend on the body’s response to the decline of ovarian function. Treatment of early menopause, as a consequence of hysterectomy, consists of physiotherapy, physical therapy and hormonal drugs (estrogens and progesterone) for the purpose of hormone replacement therapy. With the correct selection of funds, rehabilitation after surgery occurs without severe symptoms, and the woman does not suffer from the symptoms of menopause.
Vaginal wall prolapse is a common complication even with subtotal hysterectomy. Therapeutic exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles or wearing a vaginal ring are helpful. But if indicated, surgery is required.
Urinary incontinence is associated with weakening of the ligamentous apparatus or the lack of estrogen production after removal of the ovaries. Eliminated by prescribing special physical training and hormonal drugs: suppositories, ointments and tablet forms; repeated surgery is not necessary in these cases.
The discharge may be bloody or thick with mucus. In some cases, bleeding may also occur in the first week after surgery. The cause of the discharge is identified after examination and treatment is prescribed.
Pain after removal of the uterus is a symptom of adhesions. Shown enzyme preparations: lidase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, longidase, ronidase. Sometimes pain is associated with incompetent sutures and laparoscopic diagnostic surgery is required.
A fistula tract is formed when the sutures fail or when an infection is associated with the presence of discharge. Need additional operation on sanitation and suturing of the fistula tract.
A woman sometimes feels inferior due to the absence of a uterus and is afraid of the early onset of menopause. But more often during the operation they try to leave the ovary for hormone production and part of the uterus for menstruation. Quality of life does not change: menstrual cycle not disturbed, hormonal levels are normal, libido does not suffer, sexual life does not require the use of contraceptives. And without a uterus, a woman will not feel inferior.
A confidential conversation will help prepare a woman for surgery and introduce her to the rules of behavior after discharge from the hospital. Intimate life will not suffer, and physically the woman will be able to feel healthy and mobile, but, of course, reproductive function will be lost.
Removal of the uterus, or in more professional terms, hysterectomy, is a forced surgical intervention, the causes of which are gynecological diseases that cannot be treated alternative methods treatment.
In what cases is a hysterectomy performed?
Reasons for having a hysterectomy:
- Malignant formation - oncology (cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, etc.). In such a situation, there is no question of alternative treatment, since cancer is always a high risk of developing metastases and fatal outcome;
- Benign formations (the most common disease of the female organs is uterine fibroids);
- Endometriosis (benign formations inside and outside the lining of the uterus);
- Vaginal bleeding of unknown origin;
- Prolapse or complete/partial prolapse of the uterus (quite common in older women when the pelvic floor muscles become weak);
It is important to know and always remember: if there is at least one method, then you should definitely try this method first, and only last resort to radical options.
Many women who have had to deal with such an operation are interested in many questions, mainly related to the behavior of the body in the postoperative period, the ability to lead a normal lifestyle, play sports, have sexual intimacy with their other half, and much more.
As after any other operation, the patient must adhere to many rules and conditions so that unforeseen circumstances do not arise that could lead to complications.
The entire process of a woman’s recovery after a hysterectomy can be divided into two periods: stay in a medical institution (first period), and home postoperative care (second period). Now let’s find out what can and cannot be done after something like this.
After removal of the uterus you can:
- in the first few hours after surgery, with the permission of the attending physician, get out of bed and walk. This need is due to the risk of developing blood stagnation in the body.
- eat light food, in the form of vegetable or chicken broth, pureed fruit and green or weak black tea.
- take painkillers.
- increase physical activity every day in order to go through the recovery period faster.
After removal of the uterus, it is impossible (it should be noted that restrictions that must be followed in the first 6-8 weeks after hysterectomy will be given here):
- lift, carry and move heavy and bulky objects (fraught with bleeding and sutures coming apart);
- have sexual intercourse in the first month and a half (the same consequences as in the first paragraph);
- sunbathing in the open sun;
- visit baths and saunas, take a hot bath, swim in open water.
- drinking alcohol;
- eat fatty, fried, excessively salty, sweet foods;
At first, women may experience changeable mood, unstable psycho-emotional state, tearfulness, sleep disturbance. This is due to a harmonious imbalance that occurs in all women who have undergone this type of surgical intervention. Such symptoms most often go away on their own after the postoperative period.
Consequences of hysterectomy
Any operation carries with it the risk of negative consequences. To minimize all risks, you must follow all instructions and prescriptions of your doctor.
However, be that as it may, such consequences do occur, so it is worth mentioning them:
- risk of infection;
- formation of hematomas;
- loss of sensation in the scar area;
- the appearance of colloidal scars (if there is a predisposition to this);
- adhesions in the abdominal cavity;
- menopause (an inevitable consequence of surgery);
It is worth immediately making a reservation about a woman’s ability to conceive and give birth after such an operation. Because the reproductive organ removed, then getting pregnant and having offspring in the future becomes completely impossible, and therefore the frequent question of inexperienced ladies: “is it possible to get pregnant after removal of the uterus” disappears by itself.
There are situations when a woman has experienced a difficult birth, and during the process, something went wrong (opened uterine bleeding), then doctors can make a difficult but necessary decision to save the mother’s life - to remove the uterus. No one is immune from this, but the fact that a child was born does not so darken the future life, without the possibility of getting pregnant again.
Also, a considerable number of representatives of the fair sex are wary of losing libido - the desire to have sex and receive pleasure from it. Here women can be reassured, since the sensitive endings are located precisely in the vagina, so the pleasure from sexual intercourse will not disappear anywhere, and orgasm is possible with the same probability as in absolutely healthy women.
Many patients who have undergone hysterectomy report more intense orgasms and a more active sex life. This can be explained by the lack of fear of unwanted pregnancy.
The conclusion of this topic suggests itself: sleeping with your husband or just a loved one is not only possible, but also necessary. The main thing is to do all this after 6-8 weeks.
Especially active patients who love sports and cannot imagine life without it are concerned with the following question: “is it possible to play sports after removal of the uterus.”
Sport is life, and no one will argue otherwise.
After the operation, when 2-3 months have passed, you can try yourself in light types of fitness. This could be regular walking in the evenings, yoga, breathing exercises, Pilates, bodyflex.
It has long been proven that women who do not neglect fitness or even regular gymnastics can protect themselves from such unpleasant postoperative consequences, How:
- haemorrhoids;
- pain during sexual intercourse;
- adhesions and blood clots;
- depression;
- urinary incontinence;
- frequent constipation;
Doing Kegel exercises is very helpful. Many women have long heard about them. Just a few minutes a day, by squeezing and relaxing the muscles of the vaginal walls, you can protect yourself from the above unpleasant consequences, as well as increase sexual sensations.
Riding a bicycle is a completely acceptable and enjoyable activity. The main thing is not to do this if 3 months have not passed after the operation, and not to raise the seat high in order to avoid heavy stress.
Menopause
When a woman loses one of her main reproductive organs, she experiences menopause - the cessation of menstrual function and the inability to conceive. This condition is relevant due to the cessation of the synthesis of sex hormones.
Young women have the hardest time in this situation. She needs to go through not only all the stages of treatment and recovery, but also come to terms with the fact that she will no longer be able to experience the happy moments of motherhood.
The main thing here is not to panic or become disheartened.
Today there is a replacement hormone therapy, which will allow a woman not to experience all the pangs of menopause and feel young and blooming. This type of therapy is prescribed by the attending physician. The most important thing is to follow all recommendations.
Diet
After a woman has lost her uterus, she not only has to go through all the stages of restoring the body, but also remember once and for all that any imbalance of hormones can lead to significant fluctuations in weight.
Therefore, following a diet is not just a recommendation from your doctor, but also a motto for life, which if you follow, you will remain in harmony with your body and soul.
Basic diet requirements:
- drinking enough fluid (women who have undergone surgery run the risk of dehydration, and this in turn leads to completely different, no less dangerous diseases. So get into the habit of drinking an average of 1.5-2 liters a day clean water).
- fractional meals (food should be taken in small portions, 150-200 grams, but quite often - 5-6 times a day).
- You should avoid foods that lead to gas formation and constipation (baked goods, coffee, strong black tea, chocolate).
- eating foods that increase hemoglobin. Such products include: buckwheat, pomegranates, dried apricots, red meat. This rule is relevant in the first weeks of the postoperative period, since any operation leads to significant blood loss.
- Do not subject products to prolonged heat treatment.
- eat more vegetables, fruits, fiber, foods rich in microelements and vitamins.
It cannot be said that such rules are necessary especially for those who have lost their reproductive organs. Any woman who sticks healthy eating, can avoid many unpleasant diseases, as well as prolong your youth and beauty.
Be that as it may, any operation is not at all pleasant and difficult for a person, but removal of the uterus after childbirth is not a death sentence after which life loses its meaning. A woman decides for herself whether to be happy. The psycho-emotional mood is very important here. It’s not for nothing that they say that thoughts are material. You should definitely set yourself up for the best. Having lost her main reproductive organ, a woman still remains a woman.
