Why is it stormy and dizzy? Causes of persistent and severe dizziness

Shoshina Vera Nikolaevna

Therapist, education: Northern Medical University. Work experience 10 years.

Articles written

Every person has experienced dizziness at least once in their life; they are especially common in the fairer sex due to their increased emotionality. And although this phenomenon may not always indicate the development of any pathology in the body, there is little pleasant in it. There are many reasons why you feel constantly dizzy. They can be relatively harmless or serious, indicating health problems. In particular, those people who experience frequent dizziness (mild or intense) are accompanied by other symptoms - vomiting, fainting, should be wary.

The human nervous system constantly receives information about the spatial position of the body. The correctness of these data depends on the state of the visual system, muscle-joint sense, but mainly on vestibular apparatus, responsible for orientation and determining the level of perceived balance. The mechanism of internal control of body position is as follows: from the inner ear, where the device is contained, impulse transmission periodically occurs to the temporal part of the cerebral cortex and nerve cells. Violations in the sending of signals caused by certain reasons provoke a partial and temporary loss of the sense of balance.

Experts distinguish two types of dizziness: peripheral and central.

The first form is observed in cases where brain functions are impaired. A feature of peripheral dizziness is the high intensity of the clinical picture (at the same time neurological symptoms absent): sudden onset, short duration (from seconds to days), significant imbalance. Sometimes there may be auditory symptoms, more often - unilateral. When turning the head, the condition worsens.

The second type is characterized by: a slow gradual onset, duration of the condition (from weeks to months), increasing intensity of dizziness. The patient experiences disturbances not only in coordination, but also in speech and double vision. Neurological symptoms are diagnosed. Attacks of central vertigo may indicate that a person has serious problems with the brain and vestibular apparatus.

Cases not related to pathology

The head may occasionally feel dizzy even healthy people. The causes of constant dizziness are often not pathological, and therefore do not raise concerns about the state of health. Such reasons include:

1. The release of adrenaline - the release of the hormone into the blood extreme situation, which promotes contraction of smooth muscle in the blood vessels of the brain. In this case, the brain experiences a lack of oxygen, which leads to unsystematic dizziness. Adrenaline release occurs during stress, during public speaking, watching scary or emotional films, etc.
2. Fast travel. The organ responsible for balance cannot instantly concentrate and receive incoming nerve impulses in a timely manner. This phenomenon is widespread among adolescents, whose blood vessels are still in the active growth stage. Constant dizziness is often observed during fitness classes, yoga, where there are exercises for the neck muscles.
3. Motion sickness while using public transport, a car, or visiting attractions. Dizziness in this case is accompanied by symptoms such as the ground disappearing from under your feet and double vision.
4. Poor nutrition. Unbalanced diet, quick snacks, deficiency of vitamins and nutrients lead to the brain lacking glucose, which results in dizziness.
5. Long gaze at one point in the distance. When you look at nearby objects, you get the feeling that they are rotating.

Very often women suffer from dizziness. This is due to the fact that during the period of bearing a child, a number of physiological changes occur in the body, one of which is the dilation of blood vessels in the brain. A lack of nutrients, in particular iron, and low blood sugar levels can also cause dizziness. As a rule, these conditions disappear after childbirth, unless, of course, the woman had a predisposition to them before pregnancy.

Due to taking medications

Some medications can cause constant dizziness. Such drugs include:

• antihistamines (diphenhydramine is especially powerful in this regard, but in Lately it is rarely used);
• anti-inflammatory;
• sedatives;
• tranquilizers;
• anticonvulsants;
• oral contraceptives (in women).

These are side effects that should be indicated in the instructions for the drug. The attending physician is obliged to warn the patient about possible complications in order to avoid undesirable consequences.

Due to bad habits

Smokers are familiar with the feeling of feeling dizzy after smoking a cigarette, especially on an empty stomach. This is due to the fact that penetrating into the blood dilates the blood vessels of the brain.

Drinkers are also familiar with this symptom, because dizziness is a characteristic symptom of a hangover. Calls him ethanol and products of its processing. In this regard, temporary cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure, thrombosis of small capillaries. Against the background of these changes, a person may experience dizziness, headache, as well as general emotional depression, nausea, vomiting, and increased heart rate.

Possible pathologies

If very often, then this indicates pathologies that have developed in the body.

The most common type of dizziness associated with diseases of the vestibular system is vertigo. This medical term literally means “to rotate” in Latin. It means a condition in which a person loses balance and feels the rotation of objects around his body or, on the contrary, the rotation of the body around objects. Factors contributing to the manifestation of vertigo include serious diseases of certain systems responsible for balance and body position in space. That is why the reasons should never be ignored frequent dizziness. Such pathologies include:

• inflammation of the middle ear;
• Meniere's disease;
• barotrauma;
• post-traumatic syndrome;
• anemia;
• diseases of the cervical spine;
• vestibular neuronitis;
• brain tumor.

Often dizziness occurs with severe pain syndrome in different areas of the head (occipital, temporal, etc.), caused by cerebrovascular accident (), psychological and nervous disorders.

Diagnostic and treatment methods

If the causes of frequent dizziness are pathologies, the patient must undergo a course of appropriate treatment, which is prescribed in each case individually after examination and diagnosis. In any case, therapy will be aimed at eliminating the underlying disease that caused dizziness.

The attending physician, after studying the medical history and interviewing the patient, prescribes a comprehensive examination to determine the causes of frequent dizziness. It includes general and biochemical blood tests, ultrasound, x-rays, tomography or ECG, and examination of the body using radioisotopes. It would also be useful to consult an ophthalmologist.

As a rule, complex treatment includes taking antihistamines, drugs to stabilize the activity of the vestibular apparatus, as well as improving blood circulation in the blood vessels of the brain.

First aid

If you feel this, you should do the following: sit down or lie down on a hard horizontal surface, unbutton the top buttons of your clothing to release chest, and spend some time in this position. As a last resort, you can simply grab the wall, trying to avoid sudden movements. To restore your senses in space a little, focus your gaze on some stationary object.

An effective folk method is to massage the earlobes or temples with your index fingers.

In such cases, tincture of motherwort or valerian and atropine solution help well. For vertigo, taking sedatives such as Seduxen is indicated.

Remember that dizziness is not dangerous in itself, it is much more dangerous fainting, which may follow it. Therefore, there is no need to take risks; it is advisable to consult a doctor as soon as possible.

As preventive measures, doctors recommend limiting the consumption of tea, chocolate, salt (up to 2 grams per day) and salty foods. Fluid intake is no more than 1.5 liters per day. Bad habits (alcohol, smoking) must be abandoned. A healthy lifestyle is becoming one of the most important preventive methods and helps prevent frequent dizziness.

Dizziness in women occurs for various reasons, but the main ones are deviations in the transmission of impulses to the brain. The vestibular apparatus, located in the inner ear, controls balance and sends signals to certain nerve cells.

Many people experience slight dizziness during a period of sudden rise from a chair, during a rapid change of position, lying on their back, during rapid turns from side to side. This state can last less than a minute. Most often, women do not attach importance to this, but in vain, because this is the first call that it’s time to go to the doctor.

The tactile, vestibular, and visual systems are responsible for the correct spatial orientation of a person. When they stop feeding information correctly to the brain, dizziness occurs.

Such symptoms indicate disturbances in the following systems:

1. Liquorodynamics.
2. Medulla oblongata.
3. Vascular system of the neck and head.
4. Analyzers.
5. Cerebellum.

Violations in the functionality of the vestibular apparatus are called vertigo, which is characterized by:

1. Gag reflexes.
2. Failures in coordination of movements.
3. Cold sweat.

With vertigo, women feel internal rotation and inversion of the visual image.

Symptoms

Frequent dizziness in a woman can warn of serious illnesses and is accompanied by the following symptoms:

1. It seems that objects and objects around are tilting, swaying, and rotating.
2. An illusion of movement appears.
3. Increased sweating.
4. Noise in ears.
5. Auditory hallucinations.
6. Nausea.
7. Vomit.
8. Pre-fainting state.
9. Great weakness throughout the whole body.
10. Tachycardia.
11. Pallor.
12. A sharp increase or decrease in blood pressure.

Girls experience vertigo during puberty, the causes of dizziness in this case are hormonal.

In children under 12 years of age, pathology may indicate poisoning, overwork, heavy workload, hearing problems and much more.

You should urgently consult a specialist if you experience dizziness:

1. Goes away together with headache.
2. Combined with weakness in the muscles of the limbs.
3. Lasts more than 45 minutes.
4. Observed in diabetics or hypertensive patients.
5. Accompanied by prolonged bouts of vomiting.

Most of all symptoms of dizziness indicate that pathogenic processes are occurring in the body.

Nature of the pathology

When a woman experiences dizziness during normal pressure, a specialist needs to determine why this is happening. He should consider the attacks:

Causes

Dizziness may occur in the following cases:

Chronic fatigue can also cause weakness and dizziness, nervous overstrain(stress), lack of sleep, heavy physical activity, lack of oxygen. All these signs are typical for women of childbearing age up to 45 years.

Causes of dizziness in women over 40–50 years old

Experts note the following causes of dizziness: in women after 50 years:

1. Household stress.
2. Insomnia.
3. Sedentary lifestyle.
4. Poor nutrition, fasting, strict diets.
5. High or low blood pressure.

Pathology in women over 40 is most often a signal of the following diseases:

1. Meniere's disease.
2. Labyrinthitis.
3. Anemia.
4. Chronic hypotension.
5. Vestibular neuronitis.
6. Cardiac ischemia.
7. Inflammation of the inner ear.

The main reason why women may feel dizzy is menopause. It's not a disease, it's just that the body is adjusting to something else. life cycle, which is inevitable. This process begins after 45 years and lasts up to 55 years, or even more. Due to this, during this period, in addition to hot flashes, women experience frequent weakness and dizziness.

Some older people may periodically suffer from vertigo due to severe stress and emotional upheaval, which is typical over the age of 65.

Diagnostics

To find out why women feel dizzy and to remove this unpleasant symptom, it is necessary to conduct a diagnosis and identify the main cause, of which there can be many. You can contact the following specialists with your problem:

Modern medicine offers row diagnostic procedures in order to accurately identify the causes of frequent dizziness:

In parallel, the specialist should pay attention to the following factors:

• how often do you feel dizzy?
• period;
• when it appears;
• symptoms;
• how long has the pathology been observed;
• the relationship between the patient’s movements or his body position;
• what medications the patient is taking;
• how to independently treat dizziness;
• color of the skin;
• gait;
• the patient's mental state;
• tremor.

What kind of diagnostics to carry out is decided by the doctor individually with each patient.

Treatment

Treatment for severe dizziness is prescribed according to the identified cause only by a competent doctor. All therapy methods are aimed at improving the patient’s quality of life and preventing relapses. Applicable:

• conservative;
• non-traditional;
• surgical methods.

Treatment of dizziness is carried out conservatively using a number of medicines. The following drugs are recommended:

And also to remove the causes of dizziness and nausea, the following methods are used:

1. Epley maneuver.
2. Semont maneuver.
3. Lempert method.

All of these methods involve manipulation of head movement and help relieve symptoms of mild dizziness.

Surgical intervention is prescribed when conservative therapy is ineffective and comes in several types:

1. Dissection of the vestibular nerve. This helps stop the flow of information about balance. There is a danger of losing hearing, and therefore the doctor must be highly qualified and experienced.
2. Classic labyrinthectomy. A radical method of treatment, used only in special cases.
3. Chemical labyrinthectomy is carried out by introducing special drugs that reduce defects in impulse transmission.
4. Laser destruction.
5. Removal of tumors.
6. Help from an ophthalmologist.
7. Application of a vestibular implant.

ethnoscience

Over the years, dizziness may appear more and more often without a reason, and treatment folk remedies may be the safest and easiest way to relieve the signs of persistent vertigo.

There are a number of recipes whose effectiveness has been proven over the centuries. Experts recommend using traditional medicine, but only in combination with drug treatment, if it has been prescribed.

Advantages of traditional methods: minimal number of side effects, no time limits, affordable cost, ease of use.

Traditional medicine can be a good aid to conservative treatment.

Dizziness prevention and safety

If you experience signs of persistent dizziness, you should take the following precautions: do not drive, avoid hazardous areas, and do not stay alone for a long time. If an attack begins, it is best to sit down and tilt your head so that it is between your knees.

You can also take the following preventive actions:

By following all the rules, you can avoid such an unpleasant phenomenon as dizziness.

The manifestations of a stroke depend on its stage and the location of the affected area of ​​the brain. In some cases, the disease may be asymptomatic when collateralization of the blood flow is activated, that is, the blood supply to the brain is carried out by bypass routes.

The most characteristic signs of a stroke are:

• amaurosis – partial or complete loss of vision due to damage to the retina or optic nerve;
• hemiparesis ( weakening of movements and muscle strength in the limbs of the right or left half of the body);
• headache;
• nausea, vomiting;
• speech disorder ( dysarthria);
• disturbance of consciousness;
• dizziness;
• blurred vision, nystagmus.

In case of a stroke, it is very important to deliver the patient to a medical facility as early as possible, since with every minute the risk of severe complications is growing.

Arterial hypertension
Arterial hypertension is an increase in blood pressure. Arterial hypertension can be primary or secondary. Primary hypertension is an increase in blood pressure, the cause of which cannot be determined. Secondary hypertension develops as a result of a disease and is one of its symptoms. Increased blood pressure leads to impaired blood circulation in the brain and heart.

The main manifestations of increased blood pressure are:

• headaches, especially in the back of the head;
• flashing “flies” before the eyes;
• dizziness;
• tinnitus;
• dyspnea.

Physiological dizziness

Dizziness does not always accompany illness. In some cases, this symptom is temporary, representing the body's reaction to certain factors. In such cases, dizziness disappears when these factors and their effects are eliminated.

Physiological dizziness may occur in the following cases:

• improper dieting;
• starvation;
• blood donation;
• change in atmospheric pressure;
• alcohol intoxication.

Improper dieting
With long-term diets, the body is depleted, which is “deprived” of the elements necessary to maintain normal life. We are not talking about therapeutic diets, which are of particular importance for certain pathologies. Therapeutic diets cannot lead to dizziness, as they have sufficient caloric content and variety of foods and are aimed at improving the patient’s condition. Dizziness often occurs when following weight loss diets without first consulting with professionals in the field. Diets that are based on one food product, as well as diets that provide a very small amount of food that does not cover the body's needs, lead to dizziness.

Starvation
Fasting is mainly manifested by dizziness, loss of consciousness, and general malaise. This is due to the fact that food does not enter the body and energy reserves are depleted. During fasting, the energy costs that a person produces as a result of physical and mental activity are not covered and characteristic symptoms appear. Theoretically, therapeutic fasting can have positive result in some pathological conditions, however, all these points must be discussed with a doctor.

Motion sickness
Motion sickness ( seasickness, kinetosis) is a fairly common problem. This is a condition accompanied by dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and malaise. As a rule, motion sickness occurs while traveling by car, boat, or plane. Children get motion sickness most often. This is due to the fact that the children's vestibular analyzer is not yet fully formed. In general, the mechanism of motion sickness is an imbalance between impulses entering the central nervous system from the vestibular apparatus and the visual analyzer.

Failure to comply with certain rules when donating blood
We are talking about donating and donating venous blood for various tests. When donating blood, a small amount of blood is usually taken for testing ( a few milliliters), which cannot negatively affect the human condition. However, in some cases, after this procedure the patient may become ill, dizzy, or even faint. This is usually associated with fear of the procedure or the sight of blood, and is especially common in children.

Sometimes donation, despite all the positive aspects, can lead to such unpleasant consequences like dizziness. As a rule, this is due to the fact that a relatively large amount of blood is lost in a short period of time. It is recommended that after passing, do not make sudden movements, do not overexert yourself, and drink sweet tea.

Changes in atmospheric pressure
The human body is sensitive to changes in atmospheric pressure. Usually when sudden change atmospheric pressure, headache, weakness, fatigue, dizziness, and decreased performance begin. Such symptoms can occur both with an increase and decrease in blood pressure. Climbing to great heights may cause dizziness due to the fact that with the ascent Atmosphere pressure decreases, the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmospheric air decreases. This, in turn, leads to a decrease in hemoglobin oxygen saturation, which leads to a state of hypoxia and dizziness.

Alcohol intoxication
Dizziness in this condition occurs as a result of interruptions in the functioning of the cerebellum. Dizziness and imbalance may be acute, temporary phenomena resulting from the consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol, or may be chronic symptoms as a result of chronic alcohol abuse. Acute effects of alcohol are manifested by impaired coordination of movements and gait. This is due to a disruption in the interaction of brain structures responsible for coordinating movements and maintaining balance.

Alcohol consumption can cause alcoholic positional nystagmus and dizziness, which occurs in two stages. In the first stage, alcohol diffuses ( penetrates) in inner ear, primarily into the cupula, due to which its specific gravity changes, since the density of alcohol is lower than that of water. When the head is positioned straight, nothing happens, but as soon as you change the position of the body, dizziness and nystagmus are established. After some time, the same concentration of alcohol is achieved in the cupula and endolymph. At this point the symptoms disappear. After about 6–8 hours, alcohol is reabsorbed from the inner ear system, primarily from the cupula, which becomes heavier than the endolymph. At this point, dizziness and nystagmus reappear ( second phase).

The chronic effects of alcohol on the body damage the structures of the nervous system, especially the centers and pathways that regulate balance and coordination of movements. This, in turn, leads to impaired coordination of movements, balance, and a shaky and uncertain gait.

Diagnosis of the causes of dizziness

Dizziness is a symptom of a large number of diseases. Accordingly, there are many different reasons that can cause it. Diagnosis of the causes of dizziness should be comprehensive and have a wide range diagnostic methods. If you experience dizziness that does not go away for a long time or manifests itself in frequent attacks, you should consult a doctor for a full examination and identify the causes of this condition.

Which doctor should you consult if you have dizziness?

Dizziness can be a symptom of illness various organs and systems. In this regard, a large number of different specialists can deal with the problem of dizziness.

Doctors to contact if you are experiencing dizziness include:

• family doctor;
• therapist;
• ENT doctor ( otorhinolaryngologist);
• neurologist;
• hematologist;
• ophthalmologist.

You should first contact your family doctor, who has a more general understanding of the patient’s condition, chronic diseases and risk factors. A family doctor can make a diagnosis and prescribe outpatient treatment. In some cases, consultation with specialists of a narrower profile is necessary. For example, to clarify a disease of the vestibular apparatus, a consultation with a neurologist and an otorhinolaryngologist is necessary. If dizziness is caused by anemia, you should consult a hematologist to clarify the causes and mechanism of occurrence and treatment. The therapist can also address the problem of dizziness if it is associated with medical conditions internal organs (heart disease, diabetes). To identify eye pathology as the cause of dizziness, a complete diagnosis of the organ of vision is necessary.

Diagnosis of the causes of dizziness

Diagnosis of the causes of dizziness this moment includes many research methods that are available in most medical institutions. Diagnostics is based on subjective sensations and objective examination of the patient, data from specific diagnostic tests, results of laboratory and instrumental studies.

The following methods are used to diagnose the causes of dizziness:

• physical examination;
• X-ray examination;
• ultrasound examination of cerebral vessels;
• special diagnostic tests and maneuvers.

Physical examination
This is the first stage in diagnosing the causes of dizziness. At this stage, the doctor collects key data that gives a general idea of ​​the patient’s condition and indicates possible reason diseases. The doctor’s first actions are questioning the patient, which begins with identifying the patient’s complaints.

When complaining of dizziness, it is of great importance:

• duration of dizziness;
• under what conditions does it appear;
• what symptoms accompany dizziness;
• how long ago did this symptom appear;
• what is the frequency of attacks;
• if there is a connection with a change in body or head position;
• what the patient does during attacks;
• taking antibiotics before symptoms appear.

After a detailed questioning of the patient, the doctor proceeds to an objective examination. An objective examination also allows you to find signs of disease in a particular organ or system.

Details to pay attention to during an objective examination:

• color skin;
• tremor;
• nystagmus;
• patient instability;
• unsteady gait.

A physical examination of the patient is followed by the appointment of laboratory and instrumental research methods in order to confirm or exclude certain pathologies.

General blood analysis
The object of study of this method is the cellular composition of blood. A general blood test is an accessible, inexpensive and informative method, the results of which can be obtained fairly quickly.

To diagnose dizziness, the following indicators of a general blood test are important:

• Leukocytes (white blood cells) are responsible for immunity and fighting infections. White blood cells may be elevated in the presence of an infectious process in the body.
• Red blood cells (red blood cells) - blood cells that contain hemoglobin and are involved in oxygen transport. Establishing the number and characteristics of red blood cells is important for the differential diagnosis of anemia.
• Hemoglobin– a protein that is located in red blood cells and is responsible for the transport of oxygen. Hemoglobin levels decrease in iron deficiency anemia.
• Platelets- These are blood platelets that participate in the process of blood clotting. Platelets may be low in some types of anemia, such as autoimmune diseases, acute infectious diseases.
• ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) is a nonspecific indicator of the presence of an inflammatory process in the body.

General urine analysis
IN general analysis urine, it is important to pay attention to indicators that change in the presence of violations metabolic processes (diabetes) – the appearance of ketone bodies, glucose, protein, red blood cells in the urine.

Blood chemistry
This method research is also important for diagnosing the causes of dizziness. Analysis results can be obtained within one day.

Indicators of a biochemical blood test that are informative in diagnosing the causes of dizziness are:

• Glucose– for the diagnosis of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia;
• AST (aspartate aminotransferase) is an enzyme that is found in large quantities in the heart muscle. The level of AST increases with myocardial infarction, hepatitis, and systemic diseases.
• Lipidogram (triglycerides, lipoproteins, cholesterol). Changes in these indicators are important for diagnosing atherosclerosis.
• Serum iron may be reduced in case of anemia.

ECG
ECG ( electrocardiogram) allows you to identify cardiac pathologies that can cause dizziness - myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, heart defects. An electrocardiogram allows for differential diagnosis, confirmation or exclusion various pathologies hearts.

EEG
EEG ( electroencephalography) is a very sensitive method, which is necessarily prescribed for attacks of dizziness. Using EEG, you can detect the smallest changes in the cerebral cortex and assess the functional state of the brain. An EEG is performed using an electroencephalograph, which is equipped with special electrodes. The electrodes are fixed on the head with a special cap. During the study, the frequency and amplitude of oscillations, rhythms that correspond to a certain state of the brain are analyzed. This research method has no limitations in use or contraindications. Diseases that can be diagnosed using EEG are cerebral circulatory disorders, brain injuries, brain tumors, convulsive conditions, age-related changes in the brain.

X-ray examination
X-ray examination of the spine can reveal osteochondrosis of the cervical spine.

Ultrasound of brain and neck vessels
Ultrasound ( ultrasonography) vessels is highly informative, absolutely harmless and has no contraindications. The method also does not require special preparation; before the study, it is only necessary to avoid taking medications that can affect vascular tone.

Ultrasound examination of the vessels of the brain and neck can be of the following types:

• Dopplerography allows you to assess the condition of blood vessels and blood flow, and detect hemodynamic disorders. The doctor examines these indicators by placing an ultrasound sensor on certain points of the head.
• Duplex ultrasound– a method for studying the vessels of the brain and neck, which allows one to assess the structure and functional state of the vessels and detect pathological changes. Duplex study is more informative, since it can also be used to detect structural changes in blood vessels, anomalies, and the presence of atherosclerotic plaques, blood clots.

The ultrasound sensor is located on the surface of the head or neck, depending on the location of the vessels that are to be examined. It can be located on the neck, temples, or forehead. During the study, it is possible to perform functional tests in order to assess the effect of loads or changes in body and head position on the condition of blood vessels and blood flow.

CT
CT scan is a method based on X-ray radiation. The study is carried out using a computed tomograph. Before the study, the patient is injected intravenously with a contrast agent, which allows visualization of the vessels. Using CT, you can evaluate the condition of both veins and arteries. Important diagnostic sign, which can be detected using CT, is leukoaraiosis, which occurs with prolonged ischemia of the white matter of the brain. Leukoaraiosis often accompanies multiple sclerosis, discirculatory encephalopathy, and diabetic angiopathy.

MRI of the brain
MRI ( Magnetic resonance imaging) - This instrumental method research, which is based on the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance.

MRI of the brain is prescribed in the following situations:

• traumatic brain injuries;
• suspected brain tumor;
• multiple sclerosis;
• stroke;
• frequent headaches and dizziness of unknown etiology.

MRI is contraindicated for people who have various dentures, braces, or implants that contain metal parts.

MRI can detect:

• cerebral atherosclerosis;
• multiple sclerosis;
• tumors;
• inflammatory processes;
• consequences of injuries;
• stroke.

Special diagnostic tests and maneuvers
In addition to modern research methods, which make it possible to detect a wide range of pathologies, doctors use special diagnostic tests or samples. These tests still do not lose their relevance, as they are exceptionally informative.

To diagnose the causes of dizziness, doctors use the following tests and maneuvers:

• Romberg pose- important diagnostic test. The Romberg pose is carried out as follows - the subject should be in a standing position with his eyes closed, with his feet together and with his arms extended forward. The test is considered positive if the patient cannot maintain balance, begins to stagger, or even falls. The Romberg pose allows you to detect diseases of the vestibular apparatus, central nervous system, and sensitivity disorders. In some cases, the direction of staggering or falling can indicate the approximate localization of the pathology.
• Halmagi sample informative for lesions of the peripheral part of the vestibular analyzer. To perform this test, the subject must fix his gaze on the bridge of the doctor’s nose, and at this time the doctor clasps the patient’s head with both hands and slightly turns it to the left and to the right. Normally, the gaze should remain fixed. In the presence of pathological abnormalities, the patient cannot keep his gaze fixed on the bridge of the nose, and the eyeballs turn along with the head.
• Dix–Hallpike test. The patient is in the starting position sitting with a straight back. The doctor then turns his head 45 degrees. After this, the patient should quickly lie on his back and throw his head back. The patient lies in this position for approximately 30 seconds. If nystagmus and dizziness appear during this time, the test is considered positive.

Treatment of diseases leading to dizziness

There are a lot of diseases that lead to dizziness. From this it follows that the treatment is very diverse. Treatment is, firstly, symptomatic, that is, it is aimed at stopping the attack of dizziness. Then they move on to the etiological ( aimed at eliminating the cause) and pathogenetic ( acting on the mechanism of disease occurrence) treatment.

Method of treating pathology leading to dizziness

Treatment methods for pathologies leading to dizziness are aimed at improving the patient’s condition and preventing relapses ( reappearances) attacks of dizziness.

In general, all methods of treating diseases leading to dizziness can be divided into two groups:

• conservative methods;
• surgical methods.

Conservative methods of treating the causes of dizziness include drug treatment and special maneuvers.

Drug treatment of the causes of dizziness

Drug group name	Group representatives	Mechanism of action
H1-histamine receptor blockers	dimenhydrinate; diphenhydramine; promethazine	They have an antiemetic effect, eliminate nausea and dizziness, and reduce stimulation of vestibular receptors. They can be used for motion sickness.
Nootropics	Memoplant	Improve neuroplasticity, increase the resistance of nervous tissue to oxygen deficiency.
Corticosteroids	methylprednisolone.	Improve general state.
Antiemetics	ondansetron.	Reduce vomiting in vestibular disorders.
Anticholinergics	scopolamine; platiphylline.	Inhibits the activity of central vestibular structures.
Benzodiazepines	diazepam; clonazepam; lorazepam.	Reduce vestibular dizziness.
Correctors for cerebrovascular accidents	cinnarizine; Vinpocetine.	Improves cerebral circulation
Diuretics (diuretics)	furosemide; hydrochlorothiazide.	Reduce the volume of endolymph.
Histaminomimetics	betahistine hydrochloride.	They act on the central and peripheral parts of the vestibular apparatus, improve blood supply to the inner ear, and normalize endolymph pressure in the labyrinth.

An example of a good original nootropic drug central action is Gliatilin. It is based on choline alfoscerate, which improves the condition of the central nervous system (CNS), and the phosphate form allows Gliatilin to penetrate the brain faster and be better absorbed. Choline alfoscerate also has a neuroprotective effect, improves the transmission of nerve impulses, has a positive effect on the plasticity of neuronal membranes, as well as on receptor functions. Gliatilin is suitable for people suffering from dizziness, which is caused by traumatic brain injuries of any degree, including impaired consciousness and coma, stroke, mental overload, etc.

Along with the use of medications, maneuvers that aim to improve the patient’s condition are more effective.

The following maneuvers are used in the treatment of dizziness:

• Epley maneuver– used in the treatment of benign positional paroxysmal vertigo. This maneuver cannot completely eliminate the problem with this disease ( otolithiasis), but it allows them to move to other areas, which helps in eliminating dizziness. The maneuver is performed by specialized medical personnel, but can also be performed at home, only with caution. Initially, the patient should sit upright on the couch. Then you need to turn your head towards the affected ear 45 degrees and lie down. You need to lie in this position for about 60 - 120 seconds. Then the head is turned towards the healthy ear by 90 degrees. Along with turning the head, the body is also turned. As a result, the person lies on his side with his face turned towards the floor. You need to lie in this position for 1 – 2 minutes. Then the patient slowly returns to the starting position. While performing the maneuver, you need to place a cushion under your back. The maneuver is performed so that the otoliths from the posterior semicircular canal move to the vestibule and undergo reabsorption there.
• Semont maneuver can also be performed with the help of a doctor or on your own. The patient is in the initial sitting position, turns his head towards the healthy ear and sits in this position. During the entire procedure, the position of the head remains fixed, only the position of the body changes. Next, the patient lies down on the affected side and remains in this position for 1 – 2 minutes. Then the patient should lie on the other side and also wait one to two minutes. After this, you need to take the starting position and only then straighten your head.
• BBQ rotation method or Lempert method is a modified version of the Epley maneuver. The purpose of the maneuver is to move the otoliths located in the horizontal semicircular canal into the vestibule. Initially, the patient is in a supine position with his head turned towards the healthy ear. This position is maintained for 30 - 60 seconds. Then the patient gradually turns onto his side ( towards the healthy ear), on your back, on the other side and again finds itself in its original position. It is recommended to repeat the maneuver several times. Each time you turn your body, you need to pause for 30–60 seconds.

Surgical treatment is prescribed if there is no effect from conservative treatment.

Surgical treatment of the causes of dizziness can be carried out using following methods:

• Dissection of the vestibular nerve. The vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve is cut to stop the transmission of balance impulses. However, this function is compensated by a healthy ear. The operation can be complicated by hearing loss, since the vestibular and auditory nerves are in close proximity, and therefore requires high qualifications and specialization of the doctor.
• Endolymphatic sac bypass. The purpose of the operation is to separate the endolymphatic sac and the endolymphatic duct, which leads to a decrease in endolymph pressure. Surgery is usually performed for Meniere's disease.
• Classic labyrinthectomy. This operation is performed in the absence of more gentle treatment methods; in fact, this is the last way out of the current situation. This operation is radical and implies complete removal labyrinth After this, the brain can no longer receive information from the component of the inner ear responsible for sensing gravity and changes in movement.
• Chemical labyrinthectomy. During this intervention in the middle ear cavity ( tympanic cavity) are introduced medications, which are toxic to sensitive cells of the vestibular apparatus. Antibiotics are usually used as such drugs ( gentamicin, streptomycin). The drug is absorbed through the round window and leads to destruction ( destruction) sensory cells of the vestibular apparatus, as a result of which these cells can no longer send information to the brain.
• Laser destruction otolith receptors of the vestibule and receptors of the semicircular canals helps get rid of dizziness.
• Blocking the lumen of the semicircular canal helps block the movement of otoliths.
• Vision correction in case of visual impairment as the cause of dizziness, it helps to get rid of this symptom.
• Removal of tumors as a radical method of treating the causes of dizziness.
• Operation Ginsberg carried out for purulent labyrinthitis. It begins with opening the cochlea and vestibule, and then the semicircular canals.
• Neumann labyrinthotomy consists of opening the semicircular canals and vestibule with uncomplicated labyrinthitis.
• Vestibular implant. The introduction of a vestibular implant is one of the latest treatments for vestibular vertigo. This method is not yet available to the general public. At the moment, a small number of such operations have been carried out in the world, but their high effectiveness is confirmed.
• Treatment method for Chiari malformation consists of enlarging the posterior cranial fossa, thus eliminating compression of the brain structures and normalizing the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid.
• Treatment method for Kimmerle anomaly consists of removing an additional arch, which helps normalize blood flow and blood supply to the brain.

Traditional methods of treating dizziness

There are many decoctions, teas and infusions, the effectiveness of which has been proven by many years of experience. Practitioners approve of the treatment of dizziness with folk remedies, but recommend combining it with medical supplies and only after consultation with a specialist.

The most well-known folk methods that have a positive effect in the treatment of dizziness:

• Melissa tea. To prepare it, you need to grind one tablespoon of fresh or dry lemon balm leaves and pour 1 cup of boiling water. You should drink the drink if you feel dizzy. Melissa normalizes cerebral circulation, improves brain function, and relieves headaches.
• Hawthorn tincture. It is necessary to finely chop 100 g of hawthorn buds, add to them 30 g of honey, 1 g of cinnamon, 1 g of vanilla and 700 ml of any cognac. Shake everything well and store in a warm and dark place. Drink one tablespoon half an hour before meals for 2 to 3 months. Hawthorn fruits contain vitamins, organic acids, fatty oils, choline. Active ingredients hawthorn improves coronary and cerebral circulation, eliminates dizziness. Frequent use of hawthorn causes drowsiness. Pregnant women should not take hawthorn.
• Tea with apple cider vinegar and honey. The drink is prepared with the following proportions: for one glass of boiling water there are two teaspoons of apple cider vinegar and a teaspoon of honey. It is advisable to drink the drink in the morning, immediately after waking up or before meals. Tea has a calming effect on the central nervous system and helps reduce cholesterol levels.

Massage with essential oils also helps with dizziness. You need to take 100 ml of 10% camphor, 10 ml of juniper and 30 ml of fir oils, shake thoroughly, and immediately apply the mixture to everything The lymph nodes heads.

Acupressure helps a lot. You need to press on points located along the inner edges of the eyebrows, on the back and lower edges of the earlobes, at the base of the nose, above the upper edges of the auricles and in the middle of the tragus ( small cartilaginous projection on the outer ear). You need to press for 4 - 5 minutes, then you can massage the entire occipital area.

Treatment with traditional methods has the following advantages:

• harmlessness and absence of side effects ( except in cases of individual intolerance);
• possibility of long-term use;
• relatively inexpensive cost of medicinal herbs;
• availability ( can be found in almost any pharmacy).

You cannot overcome dizziness using traditional medicine alone, but these methods are a very good complementary therapy. It must be remembered that, along with the positive qualities, traditional methods of treatment can also harm health, so you should not self-medicate, but consult a specialist on this matter.

Why does dizziness occur during pregnancy?

Dizziness during pregnancy can occur for many reasons, which can be pathological or physiological. In some cases this symptom appears as a result of incorrect behavior of a pregnant woman, which may include overeating or, conversely, undernutrition, a passive lifestyle, smoking and drinking harmful drinks ( alcohol, energy drinks). Dizziness may also occur at elevated temperatures. environment, in a stuffy room, which can lead to fainting.

Conditions that may cause dizziness during pregnancy are:

• Toxicosis of pregnant women. This condition occurs in almost half of pregnant women. Toxicosis is manifested by nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and weakness. Toxicosis of pregnant women usually disappears in the second trimester. In most women, these symptoms are short-term and mildly pronounced and are not considered a pathology. If the symptoms are extremely pronounced, the woman’s general condition sharply worsens, and significant weight loss occurs, this may be a sign of serious metabolic disorders. In this case, you must contact medical care.
• Anemia. Anemia is a condition that often accompanies pregnancy. In most cases, anemia in pregnant women is iron deficiency. Its appearance is facilitated by the increased need for iron in the woman’s body during this period. Also, an important role in the occurrence of anemia during pregnancy is played by insufficient intake of substances necessary for erythropoiesis ( red blood cell formation). This condition is characterized by weakness, fatigue, dizziness, shortness of breath, pallor, dry skin and brittle nails.
• TORCH infections. Infections in this group include toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes and other infections that can lead to pregnancy complications, fetal damage, the development of intrauterine infections, and fetal malformations. It is recommended to take tests for the presence of these diseases before pregnancy or at least in its early stages.
• Preeclampsia is a condition that can threaten the life of the fetus and the woman. This condition is manifested by a significant increase in blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, and blurred vision. Preeclampsia can be complicated by eclampsia, which is characterized by a critical increase in blood pressure and damage to the central nervous system ( central nervous system), kidney.
• Ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy in which the development of a fertilized egg occurs outside the uterus. Localization ectopic pregnancy may be in the ovary, fallopian tube, abdominal cavity. This condition is very dangerous due to the fact that it entails bleeding. The clinical picture is represented by sharp and severe pain in the abdomen, weakness, dizziness, and pallor. The main method of treating ectopic pregnancy is surgical.

If dizziness occurs, a pregnant woman should definitely consult a doctor in order to diagnose and rule out serious illnesses, which can endanger the life of the pregnant woman and the fetus or lead to complications during and after childbirth.

In order to prevent the appearance of such an unpleasant symptom as dizziness in a pregnant woman, the following preventive measures can be taken:

• balanced diet;
• frequent walks in the fresh air;
• frequent ventilation of premises;
• eliminating bad habits;
• timely examination by a doctor;
• avoidance of stressful situations.

Why does dizziness and abdominal pain occur?

The combination of abdominal pain and dizziness often occurs with diseases of the abdominal organs, injuries, and tumors. In some cases, such symptoms occur when stressful situations, with prolonged mental stress. In any case, this condition requires medical intervention. Self-medication and self-diagnosis must be excluded, as this can lead to undesirable consequences.

Abdominal pain is often accompanied by dizziness in the following pathological conditions:

• Acute stomach is a group of acute surgical diseases characterized by damage to the abdominal organs with the risk of developing peritonitis ( inflammation of the peritoneum). Such diseases include acute appendicitis, acute pancreatitis, acute cholecystitis, acute intestinal obstruction, splenic rupture, perforation of gastric and duodenal ulcers and other diseases. Clinical symptoms are very diverse and most often manifest themselves sharp pain in various areas of the abdomen, fever, tachycardia, nausea and vomiting, headache and dizziness, weakness.
• Tumors. Tumors of the abdominal organs may cause pain and dizziness, especially in late stages tumors with the presence of metastases in the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system.

The causes of dizziness in women can be:
• Violations menstrual cycle , such as dysfunctional uterine bleeding, algodismenorrhea, can cause dizziness in women. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding can lead to anemia and gradual weakening of the body. Algodismenorrhea can be primary or secondary. Primary algodismenorrhea is associated with functional changes in the genital organs. Secondary algodismenorrhea accompanies pathological changes in the pelvic organs. Given pathological condition characterized by sharp and excruciating pain in the lower abdomen during the first days of menstruation, which is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, dizziness, flatulence, and fainting.
• Premenstrual syndrome is a set of symptoms that appears a few days before menstruation and disappears during the first days. The clinical picture of premenstrual syndrome includes headache, dizziness, apathy, depression, and aggressiveness.
• Anemia, associated with menstruation. In some women, the discharge of blood during menstruation is profuse, and the menstruation itself is long ( more than 5 – 6 days), which gradually leads to the development of anemia.
• Infectious diseases of female genitalia organs can be caused by pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms and be accompanied by both locally manifested symptoms and general symptoms ( fever, weakness, dizziness).
• Menopause– This is the transition period from a woman’s reproductive period to the post-reproductive period. During this period, a woman’s body undergoes hormonal changes. In general, this period is easily tolerated, but in some cases it is necessary to resort to hormonal therapy.

In order to prevent dizziness associated with the described conditions, it is necessary to undergo regular preventive medical examinations.

Why might a child feel dizzy?



Dizziness in a child is a serious and complex problem, since it is sometimes quite difficult to understand that a child is dizzy, especially in an infant. In general, the causes of dizziness in children are similar to those in adults. Thus, dizziness in a child can be caused by vestibular and non-vestibular causes.

The most common reasons that can cause dizziness in a child are:

• increased intracranial pressure;
• otitis media;
• vestibular neuritis;
• head injury;
• acute labyrinthitis;
• epileptic seizures;
• anemia;
• seasickness.

Also, the child often feels dizzy when intracranial hypertension (increased intracranial pressure). This condition is accompanied by dizziness and severe headaches. Nausea and vomiting often occur. In infants, the fontanelles swell and pulsate strongly. The child becomes drowsy or, conversely, irritable.

Dizziness often accompanies epileptic seizures. These are sudden and repeated attacks of seizures that occur as a result of disturbances in the electrical activity of the brain.

Exposing a child to heat or direct sunlight for a long time sun rays may cause heat stroke. Heatstroke is a consequence of disruption of the body's thermoregulation process. This condition is manifested by vomiting, sudden dizziness, weakness, tachycardia, shortness of breath.

Dizziness in a child can be caused by physiological reasons. The child feels unwell when traveling by water transport, in a car, on a bus, or on an airplane. This condition is called kinetosis or seasickness. The more motion sickness, the more the child’s condition worsens. A provocateur of dizziness is reading or playing on the phone while traveling. A false feeling of dizziness may appear when you feel hungry. This condition occurs as a result of a decrease in blood glucose levels. After eating, this condition disappears.

If a child begins to exhibit strange behavior with unsteadiness in gait, dizziness, falling ( we are not talking about children who are just learning to walk) you should immediately consult a doctor for advice. Even if the attack of dizziness was a one-time attack. There is no need to wait for repeated attacks. It is better to make sure that the child’s condition is not in danger. If a child has an attack of dizziness that lasts more than half an hour, you should call ambulance.

Why does dizziness occur in older people?

Dizziness is a common complaint among older people during medical consultations. In old age, most people have chronic diseases, which can affect organs and organ systems to varying degrees. During this period of life, the body becomes weaker and more susceptible to various diseases.

Dizziness in older people can occur for many reasons:

• Circulatory disorders. The risk of developing circulatory disorders increases several times with age. Conditions such as ischemic disease, stroke, dyscirculatory encephalopathy, increased blood pressure, which are a consequence of impaired blood supply and appear more often in old age, are often accompanied by dizziness.
• Diseases of the vestibular analyzer. The vestibular analyzer consists of a central and peripheral part. Damage to any part of this analyzer is accompanied by dizziness. Examples of such lesions are labyrinthitis, benign positional paroxysmal vertigo, Meniere's disease. Often vestibular vertigo is accompanied by nystagmus, nausea, vomiting, and weakness.
• Degenerative changes in the spine lead to compression of nerve roots and blood vessels. Such conditions are observed with intervertebral hernia, cervical osteochondrosis.
• Neurological diseases, among which the most common is Parkinson's disease. This disease is manifested clinically by tremor, instability, dizziness, decreased muscle tone.
• Hormonal changes, which mainly occur in women as they age during menopause.
• Visual impairment. The incidence of visual impairment increases due to age-related changes. These disorders include presbyopia ( inability to view objects at short distances), cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma.
• Social maladjustment, which includes the appearance of phobias, a decrease in physical capabilities, change in social status. Anxiety, depression, and irritability develop. Elderly people complain of dizziness, instability when walking, heaviness in the head.

The cause of dizziness is not easy to determine. But, nevertheless, it is necessary to identify the factor that leads to the occurrence of pathology and find the correct treatment. If you are concerned about frequent attacks of dizziness, you should consult a specialist and undergo a timely examination.

When people feel dizzy, they begin to experience a lot of discomfort, especially if it happens all day long. This symptom can occur in any position, even if lying down.

When the sensations subside, after a while they may appear again. Often dizziness is accompanied by other symptoms, such as extraneous sounds in the ears, darkening of the eyes and nausea.

If your head is dizzy as a result of a joyful state when emotions are overwhelming, then you don’t have to worry, but if the symptom occurs suddenly, without obvious reasons and lasts the whole day, then you should be wary.

This condition may indicate the development of diseases, and in this case, dizziness is simply one of the symptoms of pathology.

Pathological causes

If you feel dizzy all day long, lose balance and coordination, then this is considered a serious reason to see a doctor.

Such disruptions in the body can be caused by various head diseases, injuries, as well as migraine attacks or osteochondrosis.

Symptoms often occur as a result of the following reasons:

1. Meniere's disease. With this pathology, the head feels dizzy from several minutes to several hours and all day long. Additionally, there is tinnitus, as well as a feeling of stuffiness in the ears, all of which causes hearing impairment. If the cause is precisely this disease, then treatment must be carried out as quickly as possible. If therapy is delayed, complications and permanent hearing loss may occur.
2. Tumors in the brain. This pathological condition leads to a general deterioration of the condition. In addition, once a tumor appears in the brain, a person may not feel anything, but hearing will disappear from time to time on a certain side. In a more developed state, severe headaches begin, the head is dizzy, and sensations resemble alcohol intoxication. Symptoms may disappear and reappear.
3. Eardrum injuries. If there is damage to such a part of the inner ear, then you feel dizzy and this condition can last all day. In addition, people's damaged ears begin to hurt and their hearing deteriorates.
4. Failure of blood circulation in the brain. The disease is always accompanied by nausea and weakness. When you feel dizzy, coordination of movements is lost, and vision also deteriorates; these are the symptoms that indicate disruptions in blood flow. It is recommended to immediately seek help from a doctor.

It is worth noting that unpleasant sensations that last the whole day and do not go away may arise as a result of other reasons that are not associated with illness.

Physiological and other reasons

Often dizziness is due to physiological reasons, and they can be the following:

1. Adrenalin. When a person speaks in front of people or there are unpleasant sensations, even stress, a large amount of adrenaline is released into the blood, which can provoke dizziness. Due to this hormone, vascular spasms occur, and the brain receives less blood than it needs for normal functioning.
2. False perception. The symptom occurs when the brain expects to see one thing, but in fact the eyes see something else. At this time, the brain tries to analyze the expectations along with the received picture. A similar condition can occur while driving a car or while riding on a merry-go-round. In this case, the head feels dizzy for a few seconds, but is accompanied by nausea.
3. Focusing your gaze. Sometimes the head becomes dizzy if a person concentrates on one picture or object. After a while, you get the feeling that everything around you is starting to move.
4. Diets. When nutrition changes as a result of a diet, and the new diet is not done correctly, the body does not receive the proper amount of glucose and other useful substances. As a result, the head becomes dizzy and the body begins to feel weak. It is worth noting that fasting and poor nutrition can provoke serious pathologies and also negatively affect the immune system.
5. Sudden movements. During rapid movements of the body or head, blood circulation is disrupted and dizziness occurs. In this case, you will need to strengthen your neck muscles.

In some cases, dizziness occurs as a result of using medications.

This symptom refers to side effects drug or during non-compliance with the dosage of a particular medication.

Symptoms often appear from the following drugs:

1. Allergy medications. Such drugs affect the nervous system, as well as the vestibular apparatus, so long-term use may have consequences.
2. Antibiotics and antiseptics. These medications are very powerful and can cause dizziness as a result of treatment with them.
3. Strong sedatives and tranquilizers can cause discomfort.

In general, dizziness from medications occurs if they have an effect on the nervous system.

As for physiological reasons, attacks should not be a frequent occurrence and their duration is a few seconds.

Dizziness in women

The female half of the population feels dizzy more often and this is a normal condition. This is inherent in nature and is characterized by two life periods.

In the first case, the symptom may occur during pregnancy, and in the second it appears during menopause.

During pregnancy, women experience many changes in their bodies, new sensations appear that are not always pleasant.

For example, you feel dizzy and the reason for this is the constant workload, because during pregnancy the body works for two.

At this time, women's blood circulation increases. In this position, it becomes more difficult for expectant mothers to tolerate heat and stuffiness.

Deterioration of the condition may be felt in transport, and discomfort may also appear as a result of weather changes.

The main triggers of dizziness during pregnancy can be:

1. Low hemoglobin level.
2. Toxicosis, which is accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
3. Lack of glucose in the body.
4. Osteochondrosis, which was present before pregnancy or appeared during.
5. Migraine attacks.
6. Viral infection of the body.
7. Sensitivity to medications.

If you feel dizzy while carrying a child, then at the first symptoms you need to take a horizontal position and put your feet on a hill.

This will allow blood to flow faster to the head, due to which the brain can be nourished, and the symptom will go away. It is important to leave a stuffy room or open a window. You should also avoid noisy places.

If you feel dizzy in transport, then there is no need to be shy and you should ask the person sitting near the entrance to give up their seat.

During menopause female body serious restructuring begins, including at the hormonal level. Various discomforts may occur.

The body in this state does not receive a large amount of estrogens, as well as other substances. This leads to disruptions in metabolic processes and tissues lose their elasticity.

When you feel dizzy during menopause, this is considered normal and there is no need to worry, you can use conventional means to relieve discomfort, but if the symptom occurs frequently and lasts a long time, then you need to be diagnosed by a specialist.

Perhaps a certain disease is developing in the body.

Dizziness in children

You can determine that a child is dizzy by their gait; if there is a problem, then children’s coordination begins to be impaired, and children may also refuse to get out of bed.

Often, childhood causes are similar to adults, but the most common in childhood There may be other factors:

1. Poisoning by chemicals or medications.
2. Acetone crisis or, in other words, a malfunction of the pancreas. In addition, in this state, digestive problems appear, and a lot of fluid leaves the body, which provokes unpleasant sensations, as well as pallor of the skin.
3. Vegetative-vascular dystonia, as well as migraine attacks.
4. Colds.
5. Injuries.
6. Infectious pathologies.

For treatment and diagnosis, you need to contact a neurologist or pediatrician. After examination, they can refer the child to other doctors with a more narrow focus.

Folk remedies

When you feel dizzy, you don’t have to use medications. To get rid of unpleasant sensation You can use traditional medicine.

Among the effective recipes are the following:

1. Water and lemon juice. When an attack occurs, it is enough to add lemon or orange juice to water and drink a glass of such a cocktail. Relief will come quite quickly.
2. Medicinal infusion. To prepare, you need to combine rosehip, mint, plantain and motherwort in equal parts. After that, add 2 tbsp. collection, add 250 ml of boiling water and drink when an attack occurs.
3. Parsley infusion. For cooking you need dried or fresh, chopped herbs. For 10 grams of parsley add 250 ml of ordinary water, room temperature. After 10 hours, the drink will be ready for use and should be drunk every day for prevention.
4. Fresh juices. It is very useful to drink freshly squeezed juices for dizziness. Carrot, beetroot, and pomegranate juice are suitable for this.

Folk remedies can be used to relieve non-serious causes, and can also be used as additional treatment to drug treatment.

1. Avoid nausea or vomiting during dizziness, which may occur frequently. It is necessary to stop this condition using different methods.
2. It is recommended to sit on a chair or just lie down during an attack. It is important that the head and shoulders are at the same level, and the legs are not elevated. This improves blood circulation and the brain will receive the necessary substances.
3. If you feel unwell, you can moisten a cloth or napkin in cold water, squeeze a little and place on the frontal part.
4. Also helps get rid of the unpleasant feeling of coffee or Mint tea. But such drinks should be drunk chilled.
5. When an attack begins, you need to quickly turn your gaze to objects that do not move; in addition, you can rest your hands on the wall.
6. The diet needs to be enriched and foods high in phosphorus should be added. Nuts, fish or eggs are suitable for this.
7. It is recommended to use for prevention cold and hot shower which improves performance vascular system and strengthens the immune system.

If dizziness occurs in the summer, when the sun is shining brightly, then you need to wear hats, use safety glasses and take water with you.

This will not allow the sun to affect the body, there will be no sunstroke or heatstroke, after which you may feel unwell.

People who frequently suffer from attacks and may lose consciousness should carry ammonia with them to prevent fainting.

It is prohibited to use tight bandages or hoops in summer. It is also not recommended to use compressive things, as they can impinge on blood vessels, which causes poor blood flow.

If you start to feel dizzy, you need to take a blood pressure measurement. If the reading is higher than 140/90 mmHg. Art., then you can use Amlodipine or Corinfar tablets.

Such products must be absorbed and kept under the tongue. Also, if you have high blood pressure, you can use heat for your feet.

For this purpose, baths are used to which a solution of magnesium sulfate is added. To prepare, add 10 grams of solution to 100 ml of water. It is useful to glue mustard plaster to the back of the head.

If dizziness appears before or after training, then you need to tell the trainer about it or just stop the lesson. If the attack recurs after a few days, you should consult a doctor.

Useful video

Dizziness appears in various situations and can be either a natural reaction of the body to unusual environmental factors or a sign of a serious illness that requires immediate medical attention. Conditions in which severe dizziness not only bring discomfort and interfere with everyday activities, but also pose a danger to life. It is important to know what to do to improve your well-being. It is equally important to understand the reasons for the deterioration of the condition, undergo examination and begin appropriate treatment.

Dizziness and its types

When talking about dizziness, we often mean different sensations in their essence. They are all extremely subjective. The severity of this symptom depends not only on the severity of the disease, but also on the individual sensitivity of the person. Depending on the mechanism of development, doctors distinguish two main types of dizziness, described below.

1. True, or systemic, dizziness (another name: vertigo) is understood as an illusory sensation of one’s own movement or the movement of surrounding objects in a certain plane. A person really sees that objects are moving, even if he understands that this is physically impossible. Illusory movement occurs continuously and does not change when a person moves in space or changes body position, tilts the head, closes and opens the eyes. Vertigo is often intermittent, paroxysmal in nature and is accompanied by severe nausea and vomiting, a feeling of rapid heartbeat and increased sweating. This type of dizziness is associated with damage to the vestibular apparatus, which normally provides balance.
2. With non-systemic, or non-vestibular vertigo, symptoms persist for a long time, up to several years. People complain about:
   • the appearance of a “veil” before the eyes or darkening in the eyes, a feeling of impending loss of consciousness;
   • a feeling of movement or movement in the head, a feeling of “lightheadedness” (this is typical for psychogenic dizziness, for example, with neuroses);
   • a sharp disturbance in balance and stability when walking, the appearance of unsteadiness (this is typical for organic lesions of the nervous system).

Also non-systemic dizziness may be physiological. In this case, the development of the symptom is provoked by movement in vehicles (car, plane, water transport), staying at an unusual height, or riding on a carousel.

Severe dizziness in diseases of the cardiovascular system

The causes of severe dizziness often lie in disruption of the cardiovascular system. In this case, the blood supply to the brain and, accordingly, the delivery of oxygen and necessary nutrients to it deteriorate. Very often the head becomes very dizzy due to the following factors:

1. Pathological increase in blood pressure and arterial hypertension. In this case, a headache appears in the occipital region, a feeling of pressure on the eyeballs and blurred vision (flickering “spots” in front of the eyes, the appearance of flashes), a feeling of a rush of blood to the head. If blood pressure increases at night, then the development of these sensations causes a person to wake up.
2. Pathological decrease in blood pressure (arterial hypotension). With arterial hypotension, the head may feel dizzy when physical activity, trying to do a complex intellectual task or against a background of complete calm. Dizziness when changing body position deserves special attention - orthostatic hypotension, which appears when moving from a horizontal to a vertical position (for example, after a long sleep). Orthostatic hypotension is associated with a lack of adequate vascular response to changes in body position and an increasing need for blood flow to the brain.
3. Heart rhythm disturbances - blockades, arrhythmias, stenosis (narrowing) of heart valves. All these conditions do not allow the heart to fully cope with its function and are often the causes of severe dizziness. Heart rhythm disturbances are felt subjectively as freezing, irregular beating, and the appearance of extra beats. The sensations can be constant or appear with increased physical or psycho-emotional stress.
4. Vegetative vascular dystonia (other name: neurocirculatory dystonia). With this disease, vascular tone suffers, which affects blood pressure, sense of balance, pulse rate, and sweating.
5. Dyscirculatory encephalopathy, which develops against the background of damage to cerebral vessels due to atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, smoking and alcohol abuse. Also, blood supply to the brain may deteriorate with severe cervical osteochondrosis and damage to the large blood vessels of the neck.

Severe dizziness with cervical osteochondrosis

You often feel dizzy with cervical osteochondrosis. This pathology is common among people whose profession requires long periods of time at the computer or working in a forced position, as well as among people with a sedentary lifestyle and poor posture. Similar symptoms are caused by injury to the cervical spine, inflammatory diseases in this area, as well as damage to muscles or ligaments.

To understand why cervical osteochondrosis leads to the appearance of this symptom, you need to understand the anatomical structure of the neck and the relationship of individual organs. The figure above shows that in the cervical spine there are both vessels and nerve endings, which ensure the normal functioning of the brain in general and the vestibular apparatus in particular. When the cervical vertebrae or intervertebral discs are deformed, muscles spasm and ligament damage occurs, the arteries passing through the cervical vertebrae are compressed and the nerve endings are irritated, which leads to the development of severe dizziness.

With osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, an attack of dizziness is often provoked by being in an uncomfortable position. For example, if the pillow is poorly chosen, a person may wake up with severe dizziness. Also in this situation, a person may wake up from pain in the neck, which usually has a mild aching character, intensifies with constant monotonous load on the cervical spine and spreads to the back of the head and arms. Other symptoms of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, which facilitate diagnosis, include limitation of neck movements in certain directions, decreased hearing and tinnitus, increased pain in the neck and head with sudden movements of the neck.

Severe dizziness due to neurological pathology

Most often, the reasons why a person feels very dizzy lie in the field of neurology. This is due to the fact that the structures that provide balance are located in the inner ear and have a direct connection with the brain.

Severe true dizziness occurs with the following pathologies described below.

1. Meniere's disease. This disease affects the part of the inner ear that contains balance receptors. Due to the specifics of its structure, this type of receptor is immersed in the endolymph fluid. In Meniere's disease, the amount of endolymph increases pathologically. This often occurs against the background of an infectious or allergic disease, autoimmune process or for no apparent reason. With Meniere's disease, an attack of vertigo lasts from several minutes to several hours. During the period between attacks there are no symptoms of the disease.
2. Labyrinthitis. According to the mechanism of development of symptoms, it is similar to Meniere's disease. Due to bacterial or viral infection membranous labyrinth (this is the part of the inner ear containing receptors for balance and hearing), dizziness and severe hearing loss appear. With labyrinthitis, hearing can progressively decrease until complete deafness.
3. Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV). This pathology is associated with the appearance of foreign bodies in the membranous labyrinth, which pathologically stimulate balance receptors and provoke its disruption. The development of an attack of severe dizziness is always clearly related to a certain position of the head and body. The attacks are short-lived, rarely last longer than 1-2 minutes, and pass quickly without movement.
4. Damage to the vestibular nerve (inflammatory process, infection, tumor). The onset of the disease is usually acute, and symptoms intensify with changes in body position or head movements. In this case, severe dizziness may continue for several days, turning into weakness and unsteadiness when walking.
5. Traumatic brain injury. There is a clear connection between dizziness and previous trauma. The development of symptoms is associated with damage to the bone structures between which the balance organ receptors are located, or hemorrhage.

Treatment for severe dizziness

Effective treatment is possible after establishing the true cause of the development of this symptom. What to do as first aid if dizziness develops is described below.

• Sit down or take a horizontal position; This will not always help eliminate dizziness, but it will help avoid falls and injuries.
• While traveling, stop the vehicle; while working, move away from moving machinery.
• Ensure a free flow of oxygen - free your neck, remove tight clothing, ventilate the room.
• If the exact cause of the development of vertigo is known, take the necessary medications.

Depending on the cause of dizziness, the following groups of medications are used as prescribed by a doctor:

• drugs to lower blood pressure (depending on the stage of the disease and the presence concomitant diseases it could be Concor, Lisinopril, Azomex, etc.);
• drugs to increase blood pressure (Citramon, ginseng tincture, Eleutherococcus tincture);
• antibacterial drugs (Ceftriaxone, Abiflox, Augmentin);
• drugs to improve cerebral circulation (Fezam, Memoplant, Cavinton).