To protect children from certain infections classified as “children’s”, vaccinations are being actively developed and implemented. Against three viral infections, and today children from the age of one are vaccinated with vaccines containing either one or several components that protect comprehensively. In addition, the MMR vaccine, as it is called for short, is given to adolescents and adults to protect against these same infections, if they did not have them during childhood.
What are the dangers of childhood infections?
The anti-vaccination hype in the media has been going on for two decades now, and the consequences of such publications are already producing results. They began to register more and more frequently, including among children. of different ages, infections that were previously rare due to mass vaccination. , measles, rubella - for many years doctors studied them only in theory, but today their outbreaks are no longer uncommon. The problem is that in children who do not yet have the physiological maturity of the immune system, these infections can cause complications, even lethal ones. Of course, the decision to vaccinate lies with the parents, but it is important that they make an informed decision, not based on emotions and intimidation by “horror stories,” but on the basis of the facts of knowledge about vaccinations and vaccinations.
Children under ten years of age usually suffer from measles, rubella infection or mumps. The peak incidence occurs during the period of senior preschool and primary school age. This is due to particularly active and extensive contacts with other children and adults who are carriers of viruses or suffer from these pathologies. They are dangerous both due to their severe course and serious complications from many organs and tissues. But it’s worth saying more specifically about the dangerous complications for each of them:
- so, referring to one of the most contagious viral diseases among people, led before the era of vaccinations to mass epidemics with the death of children or adults from dangerous and severe complications. In terms of prevalence, measles occupied one of the leading places among infections in children of preschool and school age, often resulting in measles, which threatens the death of the child. Against the background of today's initially unsatisfactory condition of many children and weakness, a measles epidemic can cause a lot of trouble among modern children. It is no less dangerous for adults who do not have immunity to it, which needs to be “refreshed” every 10 years. During gestation, measles threatens stillbirth or the birth of children with low body weight and developmental delays.
- not as contagious as measles, but dangerous due to complications from the glandular organs, to which the virus has tropism. Up to 20% of cases of infection can lead to damage to the brain and its membranes, which can lead to a severe course and long-term hospitalization of the child. Mumps is dangerous in relation to reproductive system, especially in boys. Damage to the testicles with development threatens to disrupt reproductive and intimate functions in later life. Mumps can lead to the formation of otitis media, leading to hearing loss or deafness on one side or in both ears at once. The lesion can also affect the pancreas, thyroid, and ovaries in girls.
- has a relatively mild and favorable course, rarely causes complications, but not if the woman does not have antibodies to the virus. In this case, she is at risk of severe fetal malformations, especially if it is early gestation or congenital rubella syndrome in children, which leads to multiple serious lesions and long-term infectiousness of the baby to others.
To get the MMR vaccine or not?
There is plenty of debate on the Internet about whether it is worth vaccinating children with MMR vaccinations. real life. According to anecdotal evidence and the same undocumented statistical studies, vaccinations are attributed to neurological pathologies, side effects from the lungs, liver and kidneys. These data naturally worry parents, which leads to unfounded refusals of vaccinations. As a result, immunization from 95-92% at the end of the last century has decreased to 80-84% today. This threatens that When the percentage of immunized children decreases, outbreaks and epidemics of pathologies are possible. Many parents may believe that the risks of vaccinations may outweigh the dangers of the infections themselves, but it is worth knowing that Measles kills up to 800 thousand people every year, most of whom are children. These are countries that, due to poverty, do not allow themselves mass immunization. But these are forecasts for our country with a further expansion of anti-vaccination sentiment.
Dr. Komarovsky talks about the need and importance of vaccination, including MMR vaccination:
When to vaccinate MMR, where to vaccinate
For all vaccinations included in the national immunization calendar of the Russian Federation, there are strictly defined periods within which immunization is carried out. They are provided with vaccines free of charge at the expense of the state. The timing of immunization is chosen in such a way that immunity is formed as actively as possible and protects the child during those periods when he is most vulnerable to these pathologies. Due to this immunization scheme, intense and active immunity to three infections is created for periods of up to 10 years or more, with timely revaccination. According to the approved scheme healthy kids They are vaccinated at one year of age, and then repeated to maintain immunity at six years of age. A two-time vaccination is necessary in order to form the most active and long-lasting, intense immunity possible, which can weaken with age. In addition, the plan is to introduce the vaccine at 15-17 summer age, then in the period from 22 to 29 years, then 32-39 years, repeated every decade.
If a child has never been vaccinated with the MMR vaccine before reaching the age of 13, it is given for the first time at the age of 13, then vaccinations are carried out every 10 years. The vaccine is administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly. For children up to three years old, injections are used in the outer third of the thigh, and for older children - in the shoulder, in the deltoid muscle area.
It is important to immunize adolescents at any age, as well as adults if they have not had measles and are not vaccinated. This is due to the high morbidity among them and the severe course of the infection, frequent complications such as pneumonia and encephalitis.
Why do teenagers need MMR vaccination?
Often, vaccination against these three childhood infections (rubella, mumps and measles in the composition) MMR vaccines) are offered to adolescents who have reached a certain age and have not previously received vaccinations due to health problems or parental refusal. Why such a practice at such an adult age? MMR vaccination gives excellent results in terms of further maintaining the health of young people, including reproductive health. Adolescents from 12-13 years of age to 15 and older are vaccinated. Protection against these three infections, including rubella, in girls is formed over the next 10 years, when the period of planning and having children occurs. And the rubella virus is most dangerous in the early stages of gestation for the fetus, and for a woman who has not been sick, this will be a great tragedy. Today, measles in adults has become not uncommon, and in them it is severe and with complications, and therefore the formation of immunity to measles for 10 years is no less important. For young men who have not had mumps, it is extremely important to protect themselves from it, because in adolescence and adulthood it causes complications in the testicles and prostate, leading to a sharp decrease in fertility up to irreversible infertility.
Thus, MMR vaccination in adolescents protects not only themselves from infection for a period of at least 10 years, but also the next generation, which they can give life to during these 10 safe years.
Vaccine options for these infections
Today there are enough vaccines that are highly effective and safe, despite the fact that they are live (weakened). They exist against all three infections - measles, rubella virus and mumps, and have sufficient experience in using them in practice for several decades. Often, when carrying out MMR vaccination, doctors additionally recommend adding a vaccine to this complex for those who have not yet had it. In addition, vaccination options against these three infections can be combined with each other according to the epidemic situation and medical history (if any of the infections has already been suffered).
MMR vaccines are available in several versions, they contain Various types living weakened components that, without harming the body, create intense, very lasting immunity when administered. Modern vaccines do not contain “wild” viruses that lead to epidemics; they are all cultivated and, as experts call them, typed. That is, against the background of their safety for an adult and child's body they form active immunity, which protects against infections on long time, while not causing harm to the body. All vaccinations are compatible and interchangeable, so any of them can be used; they all have a high effect and degree of safety.
Vaccines are divided into:
- Three-component (all three infections are included in one vaccine)
- Two-component (of the three infections in the vaccine there are only two - if one of them has already been suffered)
- Mono-component (vaccine for each infection separately).
All drugs are considered interchangeable; if the drug with which vaccination was started is not available, you can easily replace it with a similar one (from a different manufacturer). This will not reduce the effectiveness or increase the risks of vaccination. All vaccines registered and used today for the prevention of measles, mumps or rubella infections meet all the strict requirements of international standards.
Three-component vaccines ready for use, they contain three weakened viruses at once. These kinds of drugs are preferred due to the fact that in one visit and a single injection, a subsequent immune defense against three diseases at once.
Two-component vaccines often contain combinations of measles with rubella or measles with mumps. If vaccination is carried out against three infections at once, they are supplemented with a second injection, and the missing third vaccine is administered. In this case, injections are given to distant (different) parts of the body; vaccines cannot be mixed with each other!
Monovaccine – This is a vaccination against only one infection with each injection. They are also not mixed in one injection, are injected into different parts of the body, and are usually used not for triple vaccination, but to protect against a specific disease.
Differences in vaccines
In addition to the number of vaccine components, drugs may differ by manufacturer - there are both domestic and imported drugs. According to research and observations of doctors, the drugs have approximately equal effectiveness and safety, so there are no significant differences in them. Registered on the territory of the Russian Federation:
- Domestic drug against rubella with mumps component . It is classified as a live (attenuated) vaccine produced on quail eggs. In terms of safety and effectiveness, it actively competes with foreign analogues, but it has only two components; measles must be additionally administered with a second injection. This is its main inconvenience in relation to children, although for adults it is quite possible to use it as a revaccination. Immunity is created actively and sustainably for a period of up to 10 years or more.
- Imported drugs against all three infections (trivaccine), one syringe contains three components that protect against infections, weakened live viruses. At the same time, with just one injection, intense immunity is created against three diseases, which is why this drug compares favorably with the domestic one with its two components. For children, this means reduced stress from injections and convenience. The effectiveness is approximately the same for imported and domestic drugs, as well as the likelihood of side effects with complications.
note
The big disadvantage of such vaccines is their price, since commercial clinics provide vaccinations for a fee, and not all regions purchase these drugs in clinics for immunization of children as part of the national calendar.
Imported vaccines that are registered and applicable in our country are Priorix produced in Belgium and MMR-II (produced in the USA). Regarding MMR-II, more data has been accumulated on its use in the Russian Federation, since it became available to doctors earlier, but Priorix has also proven itself to be good over the years of its use.
The use of these vaccines, according to research, forms antibodies to measles in 98% of children or adults, to mumps in up to 96%, and for rubella even up to 99%. A year later, the level of antibodies remains at the proper level in all vaccinated people, which makes these vaccines effective and reliable. On average, protection lasts up to 6-10 years. The vaccines are compatible with other vaccinations:
- On the same day with them (but in different injections) you can give or.
- The vaccine is compatible with vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae or chickenpox
However, they are all administered at two different points, in separate syringes; vaccinations cannot be mixed with each other. With any other live drugs, a difference of at least 30 days must be maintained.
For MMR-II, there are a number of restrictions and contraindications that must be remembered. Thus, MMR-II is not applicable when:
- Allergic reactions to aminoglycosides (in particular neomycin)
The Priorix vaccine is also registered in our country today and is used for vaccination against these three infections. It is highly purified, produces a minimal number of mild side effects, and is used for both adults and children. The degree of immunity intensity is comparable to MMR-II. But for Priorix there are also contraindications to its use:
- Individual intolerance to chicken egg proteins
- Allergic reactions to aminoglycosides (in particular neomycin) - skin reactions, respiratory phenomena
- When identifying primary and secondary immunodeficiency conditions
- Against the background of acute pathologies, or during exacerbation of existing chronic diseases
- During gestation in any trimester.
In all other cases, its introduction is carried out according to the National Calendar plan or individual indications.
How to prepare for MMR vaccination?
No special measures are required to prepare for vaccination for healthy children or adults; vaccinations against measles, mumps and rubella infections are usually well tolerated. Only one condition will be important, which should be strictly observed - at the time of vaccination there should be no respiratory manifestations, exacerbations of chronic pathologies and other health problems. At least two weeks should pass from the moment of a cold or exacerbation of any chronic pathologies.
When it comes to special groups of patients, special approaches to vaccination may be required to reduce the risk of negative outcomes and various reactions to drug administration. For children prone to allergic reactions, it is worth consulting with an allergist and starting taking it three days before the injection. They are taken on the day of the injection and then for another three days after.
For children with various lesions nervous system (not related to contraindications for vaccination) or in the presence of chronic somatic pathology, for the period of possible post-vaccination reactions, up to the 14th day from the moment of injection, therapy is carried out that prevents exacerbations of possible pathologies.
If a child belongs to the category of frequently ill people, he is weakened or prone to frequent colds, infectious lesions of the respiratory system, or exacerbations of lesions chronic infections nasopharynx (,), the doctor may recommend special therapy. It begins three days before vaccination and then for a period of two weeks after the introduction of the vaccine.
Three days before vaccination, on the day of vaccination and after it, at least for the first 3-4 days, you should avoid contact with sick people who show signs of respiratory lesions. The child needs to be monitored for two weeks from the moment the vaccine is administered. It is important to refrain from visiting crowded places, shops and establishments where there are a lot of people on vaccination days. It is worth refusing to start visiting child care institutions for at least a week (if the child has already gone to kindergarten before, you can safely continue visiting). This helps reduce the risks of complications and negative reactions to a minimum.
List of contraindications for PDAs
Like many other types of vaccinations, vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps infections also has its contraindications to its use. You can also divide them into two just like for everyone else large groups– temporary or permanent. It is important to take this fact into account when deciding on vaccination, so that there are no complications or serious side effects. If we are talking about temporary contraindications, we partially touched on them above:
- Acute respiratory and other infections
- Periods of exacerbation for chronic pathologies, infections, various types of metabolic failures until they go into remission or stabilize their condition
- Pregnancy for a woman
- The use of blood products or blood transfusions, the use of gamma globulins in the treatment (vaccinations are postponed for a month from the date of use)
- Carrying out, or Diaskin test.
The formation of immunity when a live vaccine (especially against measles) is administered may be interfered with by recent tests performed to detect tuberculosis or vaccination against it. Therefore, between these two processes it is necessary to wait at least 4-6 weeks. Vaccination can distort test results, creating false-positive tests, but it does not have a negative effect on the course of the tuberculosis infection itself.
If we talk about permanent contraindications to the administration of MMR vaccines, these include:
- Previously identified allergic reactions to antibiotics (gentamicin or neomycin)
- Detected intolerance to protein (or quail) eggs, based on the type of vaccine
- Indication of a history of anaphylactic reactions (shock, generalized)
- Oncological pathologies, progressive neoplasms, cancerous tumors
- Serious reactions to previous MMR vaccinations
- A sharp decrease in platelet levels in a blood test
- Immunodeficiencies, immunosuppression after transplantation, .
Acceptable reactions to PDA
During vaccination, some reactions may occur that are quite expected and predictable, as well as side effects, the presence of which must be known in advance. You should expect reactions in the period from 5 to 15 days; they are classified as delayed reactions, based on the fact that the vaccine contains live and weakened viruses of three (or two) infections at once. After they are introduced into the body of people who are immunized, they are activated and give an imitation of infection in order to form immunity. The peak of virus activity occurs precisely during this period, which gives reason to expect certain reactions at this time. This is a completely normal immune process, thus activating the synthesis of specific antibodies.
The most common effects and side effects of the vaccine are:
- Inflammatory reactions in the injection area – pain and induration, infiltration at the injection site and tissue swelling. A similar reaction can develop on the first day after the vaccine is administered; it goes away on its own within a couple of days, no action needs to be taken.
- formation of fever in 10-20% of children , especially when administering a trivaccine. Usually this reaction is typical for the measles component. Usually the fever is low, which is completely normal. It is permissible to increase it to 39.0 C; it occurs in the period from 5 to 15 days from the moment of drug administration. The reaction lasts up to a couple of days, and generally does not last more than 5 days.
- against the background of high fever babies may have seizures , not related to any pathologies, but refer to the consequences of febrile reactions. They are provoked only against the background of fever and if it is more than 38.0 C. Such reactions are rare and do not have negative consequences for children's health in the future. An elevated temperature is a completely normal immune process and should not be brought down. If necessary, you can use the usual ones in syrups or suppositories to fight fever.
- when a vaccine is administered, may occur in the first few days cough with a sore throat , which does not require treatment or concern, passes without any action. Maybe lung formation rash on the skin of the body or in the area of individual surfaces (behind the ear, neck, face, arms and back, buttocks). The elements are small in size, difficult to distinguish from the skin, pale Pink colour, not raised. Such rashes are not dangerous and do not need to be treated with anything.
All the reactions described above are an imitation of infection and completely normal reactions of the body to the introduction of weakened viruses. People with such reactions are not dangerous and not contagious, the virus does not spread. The lymph nodes in the area behind the ear may become slightly enlarged - this is a reaction to the administration of the mumps vaccine components. This swelling is not dangerous, not painful and goes away on its own.
Side effects, complications of CCP
Quite serious and health-threatening complications are possible when administering the MMR vaccine to special groups of children (less often, adults). It is possible to develop allergic reactions to the components of the administered drug, especially if the child has an allergic mood, reactions to antibiotics of the aminoglycoside group or to egg whites. This is a high-risk group for developing negative reactions to the vaccine. If you administer the drug without taking into account possible contraindications, you may develop urticaria, Quincke's edema, or dangerous complication– . This is especially dangerous for allergy sufferers; for ordinary people the risk is low.
Joint pain and swelling may develop, which is more typical in adulthood than older age vaccinated, the more often such reactions occur. After 25 years, they are typical for 30% of vaccinated people, women suffer more often, pain is possible for up to three weeks, but they are not dangerous or severe, and do not interfere with normal life. Most often they are caused by the rubella component; such reactions are typical even for mono-vaccination against rubella.
A special complication may also occur - idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, a complication typical of 1 case per 23 thousand vaccine administrations. This threatens coagulation disorders in rare cases. In this case, blood platelets decrease sharply, which forms bruises on the skin that spread throughout the body. Bleeding from the nose or micro-hemorrhages on the skin, similar to needle pricks, are typical; they do not swell and disappear quickly and without a trace. Against the backdrop of the development of infections themselves, such a complication develops very actively and strongly.
So, we continue to discuss the nuances of MMR vaccination carried out to children and adults within the framework of the national calendar and for special indications. It is important to remember that any vaccination has its own indications and contraindications, side effects and possible reactions to administration. We will talk to you about them today.
Preparing for vaccination.
In order to vaccinate healthy children or adults against measles, rubella and mumps, no prior preparation is required. It is only important that there are no colds for at least two weeks before vaccination and on the day of vaccination. In order to prevent negative reactions of the body when administered a vaccine, special approaches can be used for special groups of patients. Thus, children who have allergic reactions may be prescribed anti-allergy medications, which must be taken three days before the vaccine is administered. During the period of possible vaccine reactions, up to 14 days from the date of vaccine administration, children with lesions of the nervous system or chronic somatic diseases are given therapy that will prevent exacerbations of neurological or somatic diseases.
In a group of frequently ill and weakened children, to prevent respiratory tract infections or exacerbations in foci of chronic infections in the form of sinusitis, adenoiditis, the doctor uses restorative therapy two days before vaccination and for the entire period of the vaccination process, 12-14 days from the moment of administration of the drug. It is important during the period before and after vaccination to avoid contact with people who have signs of any infections during the week before and two weeks after vaccination. It is worth refusing to travel and visit crowded places with such a child. Also, you should not start visiting child care facilities for the first time after vaccination for at least a week. This will help reduce the risks of negative reactions during vaccination to a minimum.
When PDA is contraindicated.
All contraindications against measles+mumps+rubella can be divided into a group of temporary and permanent contraindications. This must be taken into account in order to avoid complications and the development of serious health problems in the period after vaccination. Temporary contraindications to MMR vaccination include:
- periods of exacerbation of existing somatic or other diseases until they are completely stabilized and go into remission
- the woman is pregnant
- administration of blood products, blood transfusion, administration of gamma globulin preparations. Vaccination is delayed for at least a month from the date of administration
- introduction of a vaccine against tuberculosis or mantoux, disakin test. To develop immunity, live measles vaccine may benefit from tuberculosis testing and vaccination. These two processes must be carried out at least 4-6 weeks apart. But there is no evidence that administering the MMR vaccine will have any effect Negative influence on the course of existing tuberculosis. But it can distort reactions to it (giving false results).
Permanent contraindications to MMR vaccination will be the following cases:
- presence of allergic reactions to antibiotics gentamicin, neomycin or kanamycin
- allergy to chicken protein or quail eggs
- a history of severe anaphylactic reactions in the form of shock or angioedema
- development of cancer, existing neoplasms
- severe reactions to previously administered doses of the vaccine
- reduced level platelets in peripheral blood test
- HIV-infected people, people with damage to the immune system after organ transplantation.
What side effects can CCP have?
There are some side effects you can expect when receiving the vaccine that you need to be aware of. Reactions to vaccination develop within 5-15 days, and these reactions are called delayed due to the fact that the vaccine contains live, but greatly weakened viruses from three diseases. When they enter the body of an immunized person, they develop and produce an immune response that peaks on days 5-15. This is normal and this is how immunity is formed. Common side effects include:
- reaction in the injection area in the form of pain, compaction formation, mild infiltration and swelling of tissues. This reaction can develop from the first day after the vaccine is administered. this reaction yourself, you don’t need to do anything.
The development of a temperature reaction in approximately 10-15% of cases occurs after vaccination in children, especially to the measles component. In this case, the temperature may even be high and this is quite normal. It occurs within a period of 5 to 15 days from the moment of injection. This fever usually lasts one or two days; it never lasts more than five days in principle. The temperature can reach up to 39.0, but usually increases slightly. In babies early age against the background of fever, convulsions may occur, which are not pathological, but are only a consequence of febrile reactions. They can occur together with fever within 8-14 days from the moment of injection. Such reactions occur extremely rarely and almost never have any consequences for health in the future. An increase in temperature is a normal course of the immune process; it is not recommended to bring it down. If there is a need for this, use Nurofen or paracetamol in suppositories or syrups.
During the first couple of days of vaccination, a cough with a slight sore throat may occur; this does not require concern and goes away on its own. A mild rash may also occur on the surface of the body or on specific parts - on the face, behind the ears, in the neck or arms, back or buttocks. The spots are small, difficult to distinguish from the surface of the skin, and are colored pale pink. This rash is not dangerous, and it goes away on its own; it does not need to be treated with anything. These are normal body reactions to the vaccine, they are not dangerous for children and adults, and if a rash appears, people with the vaccine are not contagious and do not spread viruses to others. Lymph nodes in the parotid area may also become slightly enlarged as a reaction to the mumps component of the vaccine. They are not painful, not dangerous, and this reaction goes away on its own.
Development of allergic reactions to the introduction of the vaccine. If a person has allergic reactions to neomycin antibiotics or is allergic to chicken egg whites, such a person will be at high risk of developing allergic reactions to the vaccine. When a vaccine is administered to them without taking into account contraindications, anaphylactic shock, but if a person is not allergic, then the risks of allergies are not at all high. A mild allergic reaction, which may include itching and rash, may develop in some children, and up to 5% of children have such a reaction when vaccinated with live vaccines, especially those containing measles. Other components of the vaccine cause little or no reactions.
Formation of joint pain. This complication usually occurs in adulthood, and patterns have been identified that the older the age of the person being vaccinated, the more often such pain occurs. After 25 years, these reactions occur in a quarter of vaccinated people. This occurs more often in women and joint pain can occur from one day to three weeks, but it does not interfere with normal life, is not severe and does not lead to any consequences. They usually occur as a result of the rubella component of the vaccine or vaccination with the monovaccine against rubella.
Development special condition ITP (idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura). This complication occurs approximately once every 22,500 vaccine administrations. This leads to a blood clotting disorder and a rare form of it. In this condition, blood platelets are affected and this results in the development of bruises, changes in skin color, spreading throughout the body. You may also experience nosebleeds or tiny pin-prick-like hemorrhages in the skin that are not dense and go away fairly quickly. With the development of such infections, these reactions are usually expressed strongly and violently.
All these complications and reactions will reflect the course of active formation of immunity in the body in response to the introduction of weakened viruses. None of these reactions require treatment other than allergies and ITP, and after a few days they disappear without a trace, leading to lasting immunity against infection.
The vaccination calendar includes a complex vaccine against measles, mumps, rubella - the MMR vaccine. It is well tolerated in most cases by those who receive it. Complications occur, but are rare. Infectious disease specialists and pediatricians strongly recommend that all children receive the MMR vaccine. A child who does not pass it, falling ill with measles, rubella or mumps, will certainly receive serious complications. Girls who did not receive CCP as children do not have immunity. When infected with rubella during pregnancy, the disease causes severe impairment in the unborn baby.
When given, the MMR vaccine protects against complications from three serious infectious diseases. With proper vaccination, immunity is developed within 21 days in 98% of vaccinated people. Immunity lasts 25 years.
Contraindications for MMR vaccination
There are cases when you cannot vaccinate:
- with acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, when the child is very ill;
- with weakened health and immunity;
- if there was a severe allergic reaction after the last vaccination;
- children with allergies to neomycin and gelatin;
- when the first symptoms of a cold appear (cough, fever, runny nose);
- pregnancy;
- if blood products (blood plasma, immunoglobulins) were administered, MMR vaccination is carried out after 3 months;
- oncological diseases;
- tuberculosis;
Where and when to get the MMR vaccine?
The first such vaccination is given in the thigh at 1 - 1.5 years of age. At 6 - 7 years old - the second dose of vaccination - revaccination is injected into the shoulder. These are the calendar dates for MMR vaccination.
If for some reason you did not manage to complete the PDA within the established time frame, then do not worry. Try to do it as soon as possible. Postponing the vaccination does not reduce its effectiveness.
Advice: delaying the first dose of vaccination until long term undesirable. As a child gets older and their social circle expands, the risk of contracting rubella, mumps or measles increases. The second dose of the PDA must be repeated and given before the child enters school.
PDA and travel
If you are going abroad with a child who is not even one year old, be sure to give your child a comprehensive vaccination ahead of schedule. Your child will have immunity against these diseases.
When the child turns one year old, he needs to repeat the CCP, and then repeat another dose of the vaccine to get strong immunity when he turns 6 years old.
Adverse reactions to vaccination
For the majority, vaccination is not accompanied by adverse reactions. In 5-15% of cases, complications are observed 2-5 days after vaccination. Reactions resolve within 3 days.
- Temperature. Both vaccinated adults and children may experience a temperature of up to 39.4 C for 5-12 days after vaccination. It can be brought down if chills and severe body aches appear in the first 2 days. To reduce the temperature, take antipyretics (paracetamol, ibuprofen).
- Joint pain. Some young women and children may experience inflammation in the hand and finger joints in the first 3 weeks after vaccination. The symptoms do not require treatment; they go away quickly without consequences.
- Allergy. In addition to the measles, rubella, and mumps viruses, the vaccine contains neomycin, gelatin, and chicken protein, which cause an allergic reaction in some. Introducing small amounts of these substances to allergy sufferers provokes a strong reaction, even dangerous - anaphylactic shock. Before taking your child for MMR vaccination, parents should tell the doctor what substances your child is allergic to. If a strong reaction was observed after the initial dose, it is necessary to do tests to determine which components of the vaccine you are hypersensitive to, and the doctor will cancel the second dose according to indications or replace the Russian one with an imported one (it contains quail egg yolk). For people who are not allergic to PDA components, the vaccine is completely safe.
- Pain at the injection site. The area where the injection was given may experience harmless tissue compaction, numbness and pain, and swelling may occur for up to several weeks.
- Rash. According to statistics, in 1 in 20 people, the MMR vaccine causes a pale pink rash on the skin within the first 5-10 days. Red spots cover the face, arms, torso and legs. The rash goes away quickly, is not dangerous, and leaves no traces.
- Increase lymph nodes. Within a few days, the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine often causes harmless swollen lymph nodes.
- Swelling of the testicles. Some boys may experience slight swelling and tenderness of the testicles. This will not disrupt the ability to conceive a child in the future when the boy grows up.
- Catarrhal phenomena (conjunctivitis, cough, runny nose).
Should adults be vaccinated?
Adults who did not receive one dose of the MMR vaccine as children and have not had mumps, measles or rubella should be vaccinated. Measles and mumps are very dangerous for adults, and rubella in pregnant women causes pathologies in the development of the fetus.
All women planning a pregnancy are advised to have a blood test to determine immunity against rubella. If tests show its absence, the woman must be vaccinated with MCP before pregnancy. You can conceive a child 1 month after vaccination.
MMR vaccination: instructions for use of the drug "Priorix"
A multicomponent vaccine is better because it needs to be injected once. Priorix can be administered subcutaneously (under the shoulder blade) and up to 3 years - intramuscularly (into the thigh), after which - into the deltoid muscle of the shoulder (into the arm). A vaccinated person is not contagious to others.
Medicine form: lyophilisate for solution.
Its composition (from the instructions):
priorix - combination drug contains attenuated strains of measles, mumps and rubella viruses, separately cultured in chicken embryo cells.
A vaccine dose contains 3.5 lgTCD50 of measles virus strain Schwartz, 4.3 lgTCD50 of live mumps virus strain RIT4385, 3.5 lgTCD50 of rubella (vaccine strain Wistar RA 27/3).
The vaccine contains 25 mcg of neomycin sulfate, sorbitol, lactose, mannitol, amino acids.
Description of the vaccine
A homogeneous porous mass of white or slightly pink color. Its solvent is a colorless, transparent liquid, odorless and impurity-free.
Immunology
Clinical trials have shown the vaccine to be highly effective. Antibodies to the mumps virus were found in 96.1%, measles - in 98% of vaccinated people, rubella - in 99.3%.
Purpose
Development of immunity, prevention of mumps, rubella, measles.
Mode of application
The contents with the solvent are added to the bottle with the dry preparation at the rate of 0.5 ml per 1 dose. Shake thoroughly until the mixture is completely dissolved, no more than 1 minute.
The resulting solution is transparent, from pink to pink-orange. If it looks different or has foreign particles, do not use the drug.
Priorix is administered subcutaneously in a dose of 0.5 ml; allowed intramuscular injection. A new sterile needle is used to insert Priorix. The drug is removed from the bottle while observing the rules of asepsis.
Adverse reactions
- allergic reactions,
- diarrhea,
- lymphadenopathy,
- vomit,
- bronchitis, otitis media, cough (sometimes), enlarged parotid glands,
- insomnia, febrile seizures, crying, nervousness, (sometimes)
- rash,
- conjunctivitis (sometimes),
anorexia (very rare),
- increased temperature (>38°C), redness at the injection site,
- swelling, pain at the injection site, temperature >39.5°C
Adverse reactions were observed in 1-10% after vaccination.
The following side effects have been reported during mass vaccination:
- meningitis,
- arthralgia, arthritis,
- thrombocytopenia,
- anaphylactic reactions,
- erythema multiforme,
- encephalitis, transverse myelitis, peripheral neuritis
Accidental intravenous administration causes severe reactions, even shock.
Interaction
Priorix can be administered simultaneously with DPT, ADS vaccines(in one day), when injecting into different parts of the body with separate syringes. It is not allowed to use the same syringe with other drugs.
Priorix can be used for a second vaccination in persons previously vaccinated with mono drugs or with another combination vaccine.
special instructions
Use caution when administering to people with allergic diseases. The vaccinated person must stay for 30 minutes. under control.
The vaccination room must be provided with anti-shock therapy (adrenaline solution 1:1000). Before administering the vaccine, make sure that the alcohol has evaporated from the surface of the skin, as it can inactivate attenuated viruses in the vaccine.
Release form
Includes: 1 dose in a bottle, 0.5 ml solvent in an ampoule. Packing: cardboard boxes.
1 dose in a bottle + 0.5 ml solvent in a syringe, 1-2 needles.
For medical institutions: 100 bottles per box. Solvent separately, 100 ampoules.
10 doses per bottle. 50 bottles per cardboard box. Separately, 5 ml solvent. 50 ampoules per box.
Shelf life and storage conditions
Two years is the shelf life of the vaccine, 5 years for the solvent. The expiration date is indicated on the packaging and bottle label.
Store at a temperature of 2 to 8°C.
The solvent, packaged separately, is stored at temperatures from 2 to 25 ° C; Avoid freezing.
Vacation conditions
On prescription.
The vaccinations that a baby receives in the first months after birth help his body form lasting immunity against a number of dangerous ailments. This protection allows you to avoid possible infection through direct contact of the child with the source of infection or transfer the disease to mild form. The vaccine is administered only to absolutely healthy babies who at the time of vaccination have no contraindications to the injection and feel normal. In the post-vaccination period, it is important to remember that any immune drug(vaccine) often provokes the occurrence of pathological reactions to the administration of the suspension. The vaccine that protects against measles, rubella, and mumps is most difficult for children in the first year of life to tolerate.
For several days after vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps, the child’s parents should pay maximum attention to the health of their baby. Adults are recommended to measure the baby's body temperature, monitor his behavior, appetite, and bowel movements. It is better if a small patient takes an antihistamine before administering a vaccine with an anti-measles component and protection against rubella and mumps. This will protect him from the occurrence of symptoms of an allergic reaction. The question arises. Perhaps we should refuse vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps, since it causes such ambiguous reactions from the child’s body? How to avoid the negative effects of vaccination, and what are the dangers of its complications?
What is a PDA?
According to official statistics, every year such seemingly harmless childhood infections as measles, rubella and mumps provoke the development of epidemics. They claim the lives and cause serious harm to the health of hundreds of thousands of patients of different ages around the globe. The only one effective method to prevent these diseases - get vaccinated in accordance with national calendar vaccinations. Today, the MMR vaccine is used to reliably prevent measles, rubella and mumps. This vaccination allows the body to develop sufficient immunity to dangerous diseases and minimize the risk of infection.
Complex vaccination of MMR -, the initial administration of which should be done at 1 year of age. Complete protection can be created by the second vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps (), carried out at the age of 6 years. As you know, immunity after vaccination lasts for a decade. Therefore, immunologists recommend revaccination of the adult population once every ten years.
The vaccine injection is given only to healthy children without catarrhal manifestations or other contraindications. Before carry out medical checkup, which consists of determining the temperature, checking skin for the presence of rashes and the like. Along with the MMR, the child may be given an anti-polio vaccine, a tetanus drug or. There is no blood transfusion before or after vaccination. Between procedures there should be a pause of 8-12 weeks.
Why children should be vaccinated
Immunization of children is an important activity that is regulated by state level. Vaccines help protect your child from huge amount infectious diseases and prevent the development of epidemic situations in children's groups. By refusing these vaccinations, parents of the baby should understand that by their actions they are exposing the baby’s body to possible infection. That is, the ignorance of adults makes the baby vulnerable to viral pathologies with high risk development of complications and even fatal outcome.
Why is measles infection dangerous?
One of the most common childhood diseases is measles. This disease is 100% contagious, so its isolated outbreaks will quickly develop into epidemic processes. The problem is especially relevant if we are talking about closed groups in which there are people without vaccinations. The disease is transmitted by airborne droplets and has a severe course. It flows in the background high temperature, aches in the joints and is accompanied by painful sensations in the throat, severe intoxication, and a characteristic rash on different parts of the skin.
In most clinical cases, measles has favorable outcome. But this applies to uncomplicated forms of this disease. A number of children develop serious complications after measles, namely:
- viral damage to brain tissue (encephalitis) in humans;
- acute inflammation of the middle ear in a child;
- cervical lymphadenopathy;
- infectious lesions bronchial tree and lungs with the appearance of symptoms of bronchopneumonia.
This dangerous illness, which should be treated under the supervision of a doctor. Monitoring the patient by medical staff will limit the risk of complications in the patient. Although it will not provide guarantees regarding their absolute exclusion.
Should you be afraid of rubella?
The disease is one of pathological conditions viral origin, which children tolerate quite easily. From the first days of the onset of signs of this disease, the child’s temperature may rise, and complaints of lethargy and malaise may arise. Around the third day, the infection manifests itself as a red rash that disappears within a week. Like measles, rubella is spread through the air and can also be transmitted from mother to fetus. The last option is very dangerous for the unborn baby. Pregnant women who have had rubella often give birth to children with congenital defects in the development of internal organs, deafness, mental retardation. Every third such pregnancy ends in stillbirth, fetal death or early miscarriage.
Rubeola in adults is fraught with its own complications, in particular:
- encephalomyelitis of viral etiology with impaired consciousness;
- hemorrhages in cerebral tissue and visceral organs;
- convulsions;
- paresis and paralysis.
A previous episode of this disease will guarantee a person lifelong immunity from the disease. It is impossible to get sick with it twice.
Why you shouldn't ignore the mumps vaccine
Like measles and rubella, mumps infection is caused by viral agents and is more often diagnosed in children. The disease spreads aerogenously and is manifested by inflammation of the parotid, as well as salivary glands, which changes the contours baby face, making it swollen at the bottom.
The incubation period for mumps lasts about 10-14 days. The first signs of the disease include:
- increase in temperature indicators;
- an increase in symptoms of general intoxication in a person;
- pain and swelling in the area of the submandibular, sublingual and parotid glands.
Like rubella, mumps is difficult to name dangerous disease. But often after it complications arise that can cause irreparable harm. Among these negative consequences diseases can be distinguished:
- inflammation of the testicles in boys with the formation of infertility;
- damage to the thyroid gland and parathyroid glands;
- deterioration in the functioning of the pancreas with the development of diabetes mellitus;
- septic conditions, in particular serous meningitis.
What types of vaccines are there?
Measles, rubella and mumps are prevented in our country with drugs containing different amounts active ingredients. For immunoprophylaxis of these diseases, monovalent vaccines, as well as two- and three-component vaccinations, are used.
Single-component vaccines provide the formation of an immune response against one disease. For example, with their help you can protect yourself from measles, mumps, or just rubella. The drugs are indicated for patients who have a history of illness. This eliminates the possibility of re-infection. Monovalent vaccinations cannot be mixed. They are entered separately. Among the most popular drugs this series highlight:
- domestic L-16;
- Czech mumps vaccine L-3;
- rubeola vaccines produced in Europe and India (Rudivax, Ervevax).
Two-component vaccines have two parts (they lack one of the MMR components). These include and, as well as drugs against measles and mumps. After a divalent vaccine, a person may be offered an injection of a single drug, that is, an additional injection of a vaccine that immunizes against mumps or rubella. In this case, the administration of the measles + mumps solution should occur in different places.
Tripolar vaccines are the most common preparations for vaccination against measles, rubella, and mumps. If a child needs complex immune protection, this will be the best option for creating it, since one injection allows. Belgian is considered the safest in its group.
State vaccination plan
The introduction of CCP, like most other vaccinations, is organized at the level of the Ministry of Health. According to the schedule for the introduction of mandatory vaccinations, the MMR vaccine suspension is administered in the following time periods:
- at the age of 1 year, the vaccine is injected into the hip area (if a child at 12 months had temporary contraindications to vaccination, then it is postponed until full recovery baby);
- immunization against measles, rubella and mumps at 6 years of age (if the baby has not previously had infections against which he is planned to be vaccinated), when the vaccine is injected into the shoulder;
- revaccination for young females aged 17-19 years on the recommendation of a local doctor;
- You should be revaccinated every ten years after the last vaccination.
Contraindications to vaccination
The vaccine is prohibited from being administered in the following cases:
- the child has an intolerance to one of the components of the vaccine, in particular egg white;
- the occurrence of complications after a previous procedure;
- development of symptoms of acute respiratory illness or exacerbation of chronic pathologies;
- undergoing a course of chemotherapy, radiotherapy or radiation therapy;
- tendency to develop hypersensitive reactions;
- severe forms of heart, kidney, and liver failure;
- blood diseases, violation of its coagulation function;
- gestation period and rubella and mumps are two completely incompatible concepts.
Features of the preparatory stage
Vaccination against measles, mumps and rubeolar infection requires special training which should be started a few days before the injection:
- two days before the measles injection, mumps injection, or if rubella vaccination is necessary, it is recommended to start taking antiallergic medications, which will reduce the likelihood of an allergy to the vaccine;
- immediately after vaccination, it is not recommended to introduce new foods into the child’s diet, especially if they are potential allergens;
- and mumps disease, as well as rubella, is best done after receiving the results of a blood and urine test;
- Before vaccination, a medical examination is mandatory;
- after using the vaccine.
In addition, vaccination against measles, rubella and infectious mumps may give negative reactions immediately after the injection. Therefore, it is better to spend this time within the walls of the clinic. In the first days after vaccination, the patient may have a fever. To reduce it, antipyretic drugs should be used.
Measles, rubella, mumps: how is the vaccine tolerated?
Any vaccination is regarded by the body as foreign material. Therefore, a reaction may occur to its administration as a manifestation of the immune response to the action of viruses. A vaccine with an immune component against measles, including an anti-mumps and anti-rubella suspension, is no exception. When weakened or killed viruses enter the blood, several types of reactions occur:
- an increase in temperature, which allows you to stop the process of virus reproduction;
- the appearance of general malaise, as the body spends all its energy on producing antibodies;
- deterioration in the quality of sleep and appetite associated with increasing signs of intoxication.
Normal reaction
There are normal and pathological (painful) reactions to the vaccine. After administration of an immune solution against measles, as well as rubella, minor changes in the body are more often observed. They go away in 3-7 days and leave no consequences. These include:
- low-grade fever;
- the appearance of tissue swelling at the site of application of the suspension;
- slight headache;
- intoxication syndrome;
- catarrhal symptoms and cough in a child;
- rash on the cheeks and palmar surfaces of the hands, disappearing without a trace up to 72 hours (reaction to).
Pathological changes
Most often, a complicated reaction can occur in response to a measles vaccine. Less common cause pathological disorders are antiviral drugs for mumps and rubeola. Among the most common complications of vaccination against rubella and mumps are:
- fever above 39 0 C, which is difficult to correct with the help of anti-fever medications;
- severe pain in the body (even after taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs);
- a sharp decrease in cardiac pressure;
- the occurrence of measles disease, mumps or rubella in a mild form;
- increased intracranial pressure;
- convulsions;
- generalized rash;
- development of encephalitis provoked by viruses;
- decreased immunity, up to the development of immunodeficiency;
- hemorrhages in internal cavities and nosebleeds;
- post-vaccination encephalitis.
When pathological symptoms it is necessary to immediately consult a doctor and find out the reasons for their formation, assess the risks probable complications, eliminate undesirable consequences vaccinations.
How to deal with side effects?
A post-vaccination reaction can develop as early as 10 minutes after the injection or over the next week. Complications can be avoided if you take anti-allergy and fever medications before and after the procedure, as well as other medications prescribed by your pediatrician. A light diet and frequent walks will also help. fresh air and limiting contact with children.
Doctors advise parents to spend a lot of time walking their children outside and not to avoid moderate physical activity. It will be possible to improve the baby’s condition by creating a comfortable microclimate in his room and good nutrition. If any pathological effects You should not neglect consulting a pediatrician. In particular difficult cases You will need to immediately call an ambulance team.
Emergency care for complications of MMR immunization may include:
- administration of adrenaline for anaphylactic shock in a child;
- immediate hospitalization for cardiac rhythm disturbances, respiratory disorders, loss of consciousness;
- intramuscular injections of antiallergic solutions for allergy symptoms and rashes throughout the body.
Treatment of all complicated conditions should be carried out under the strict supervision of a pediatrician.
MMR vaccination stands for this: measles-mumps-rubella, and, accordingly, protects the child’s body from these three seemingly not fatal, but very insidious diseases. What is this MMR vaccine, and what should and should not be afraid of parents of a child who is about to receive it?
PDA infections: dangerous old acquaintances
Measles
Measles is an infectious disease, the main symptoms of which are characteristic spots that appear first on the mucous membrane of the mouth, and then spread throughout the body. The main danger of measles is that this disease is transmitted very quickly: even direct contact with the carrier is not necessary for infection - it is enough, for example, to be in a room from which a sick person has recently left.
In addition, about a third of those who have had measles experience a variety of complications, ranging from pneumonia to myocarditis. The disease is especially difficult in young children - in the Middle Ages, measles was often called the “children's plague.” Moreover, it is very dangerous for pregnant women: in this case, infection is fraught with miscarriages and serious disorders in the fetus.
More information about measles disease
Rubella
Rubella is also a childhood disease that is unreasonably considered mild and harmless. The course of rubella is a bit like measles or acute respiratory infections: fever, a reddish rash all over the body, as well as enlarged occipital lymph nodes. It poses the greatest risk to adults and pregnant women who do not have immunity to the disease. In such cases, rubella can cause inflammation of the brain, as well as infection of the fetus, most often leading to abortion for medical reasons.
More information about rubella disease
Mumps
Mumps is popularly known as mumps, since due to damage to the salivary glands the patient has a very specific appearance. The mumps virus is not as active as the causative agents of measles and rubella, so direct contact with the carrier is necessary for infection. However, as in previous cases, mumps is dangerous not because of its course, but because of its complications: inflammation of the gonads (ovaries or testicles, depending on the sex of the child) may cause infertility in the future.
More information about the disease mumps
Unfortunately, there is no antiviral therapy against these diseases today, so protection against possible complications after the above infections is vaccination, that is, vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps.
MMR vaccination
MMR vaccination involves administering to a child a monovalent or multicomponent vaccine that protects the body from the viruses of these three diseases.
MMR vaccine
Measles, rubella, mumps vaccines are preparations that contain an attenuated (weakened) virus of mumps, rubella or measles, and sometimes all three diseases (multicomponent vaccines). Weakened pathogens cannot cause the development of the disease, but contribute to the development of stable immunity.
What vaccine is vaccinated in clinics?
In medical government institutions, domestically produced drugs are usually used for MMR vaccination: measles vaccine (L-16), mumps vaccine (L-3), as well as measles-mumps divaccine containing viruses of both diseases. As for rubella, there are no domestic drugs containing this virus: foreign vaccines are used for immunization in the CIS countries: for example, Indian ones. In addition, parents are given the opportunity to vaccinate their child with a three-component vaccine (usually the Belgian Priorix).
How and where is the MMR vaccine administered?
For children, vaccines against measles, rubella, and mumps are injected subcutaneously into the deltoid muscle of the shoulder or thigh. For older children, the injection is given in the same way in the subscapular region or shoulder.
How is the MMR vaccine tolerated?
Most children (provided they do not have any diseases) They tolerate vaccination well, but sometimes some side effects are possible, which should not be confused with the body’s normal post-vaccination reaction. It should be noted that rare cases of central nervous system lesions that have been reported in medical practice, according to experts, are not directly related to MMR vaccination.
MMR vaccination schedule
According to the vaccination calendar adopted in most CIS countries, the MMR vaccination scheme is as follows:
- I vaccination - 12-18 months;
- Second vaccination - 4-6 years.
If it is not possible to give the child an injection on time, the procedure can be postponed, however It is advisable to get vaccinated before your child enters kindergarten and school. MMR vaccines can be administered simultaneously with other vaccines (DTP, etc.), with the exception of BCG (tuberculosis vaccine).
Types of MMR vaccines
Today, the following vaccines against MMR infections are used in the CIS countries.
Measles vaccination:
- Live measles vaccine (L-16). Manufacturer: Microgen, Russia. Considered one of the best vaccines against the disease in the world, and is made from quail egg protein. That is why children who have hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides should choose a different drug.
At one time, the French measles vaccine called Ruvax was very popular in the Russian Federation. However, several years ago, Sanofi Pasteur, the manufacturer of the drug, decided not to renew its registration due to the declining popularity of mono-vaccines, so this vaccine is not supplied to Russia.
Mumps vaccine:
- Live mumps vaccine (L-3). Manufacturer - Russia. It is also made on the basis of quail egg protein, and ensures the formation of stable immunity in more than 60% of vaccinated patients, which lasts for at least 8 years.
- "Pavivak." Manufacturer - Sevafarma, Czech Republic. This mumps vaccine contains chicken protein, so if your child is allergic to chicken eggs, it is better to choose domestic drugs.
Rubella vaccine:
- "Rudivax." Manufacturer - Aventis Pasteur, France. According to studies, no more than 15 days after administration, 90% of vaccinated patients develop antibodies to rubella, which remain in the body for 20 years. In addition, this rubella vaccine is considered the least reactogenic, that is, it causes minimal side effects. After the injection, pregnancy should be avoided for approximately 3 months.
- "Ervevax." Manufacturer - SmithklineBeechamBiologicals, England. This rubella vaccine produces immunity that lasts for about 16 years. After the injection, you should also take birth control medications for several months.
- Serum Institute of India (SII) vaccine. This rubella vaccine is often used as part of a nationwide program, but has a fairly large number of negative reviews.
It should be noted that rubella vaccine or its components are considered the most reactogenic, therefore, if there is a severe reaction to vaccination in boys, it is better to refuse it. As for girls, in this case rubella immunization is necessary in order to avoid troubles during a future pregnancy.
Multicomponent vaccinations: measles, rubella, mumps:
- Vaccine mumps-measles alive. Manufacturer - Moscow enterprise of bacterial preparations, Russia. Immunity to measles occurs in more than 97% of those vaccinated, and to mumps - in 91%. In addition, this measles-mumps vaccine is characterized by low reactogenicity: adverse reactions after injection were observed in only 8% of patients.
- Priorix vaccine. Manufacturer - Glaxo Smitkline, Belgium. It is considered one of the most popular vaccines in the Russian Federation, which is usually recommended in private vaccination clinics. The Priorix vaccine protects the body from 3 viruses at once, and has good feedback parents. Made from chicken protein.
- MMP-II vaccine. Merck Sharp Dome, Holland. Causes the formation of antibodies to infections measles-rubella-mumps, which persists for approximately 11 years. Several years ago, it was said on the Internet that the use of this vaccine is directly related to the development of autism, but there was no confirmation of these rumors.
Vaccine safety
Modern attenuated (weakened) MMR vaccines are considered completely safe for a child’s health. Like all medical supplies, they sometimes cause side effects, but the likelihood of severe complications or death in this case is low. So, severe allergic reactions to vaccination measles-rubella-mumps are observed in 1 case per 100 thousand, anaphylactic shock - in 1 case per 1 million, encephalopathy (brain damage) - in less than 1 case per 1 million.
Immune response to this vaccine
Persistent immunity after the introduction of vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps begins to develop after two to three weeks in 92-97% of vaccinated children.
How long does post-vaccination immunity last?
The duration of post-vaccination immunity depends on the individual characteristics of the organism, as well as on the drug used for immunization. On average, vaccinations last about 10 years, so doctors recommend regular revaccinations after this period of time. To find out if you have immunity, you need to take a test. special tests for the presence of antibodies to diseases.
Preparing for MMR vaccination
Preparation for vaccination consists of first The child must be examined by a pediatrician, determining the presence or absence of any diseases..
In addition, you should take general tests (blood and urine), and based on their results, assess the baby’s health status. For some children suffering from allergies, doctors recommend taking antihistamines for several days before and after vaccination. In addition, a child who is often sick for a long time may be prescribed a course of interferon therapy (for example, with the drugs “Viferon” or “Grippferon”) - it begins a few days before vaccination and ends 14 days after.
In number contraindications against MMR vaccination include:
- Immunodeficiency conditions (HIV, etc.), or treatment with immunosuppressive drugs;
- Severe reactions to previous vaccinations;
- Intolerance to protein, gelatin, neomycin or kanamycin.
In addition, vaccination should be postponed for at least a month in case of any acute illness. infectious diseases or exacerbation of chronic ones. If a child suffers from cancer, or blood products were administered to him within a year before immunization, you should consult your doctor about vaccination.
Read about the general rules for preparing for vaccination
Reaction to vaccination measles-rubella-mumps and possible complications
After the injection, some children may experience the following reactions:
- Swelling and severe hardening at the injection site, which can sometimes exceed 8 cm;
- Increase in temperature (up to 38.5 C);
- Skin rash resembling measles;
- Runny nose;
- Diarrhea and/or single vomiting;
- Swelling of the testicles in boys.
Typically, such symptoms do not require serious treatment and disappear after a few days. If a child is prone to febrile convulsions or an increase in temperature seriously bothers him, if a rash or swelling of the testicles appears in boys, parents need to carefully monitor the baby’s condition and call a doctor.
As for serious complications (Quincke's edema, pneumonia, meningitis, orchitis, etc.), they are observed in rare, isolated cases.
Read about actions after vaccination aimed at reducing the risk of complications.
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