MMR vaccination reaction in children. MMR vaccination: reaction, side effects Complications after MMR vaccination

Parents of children are increasingly asking themselves about the need and advisability of routine vaccination for their children. We will talk about how the MMR vaccine is tolerated. Adults do not trust vaccine manufacturers, the quality of their production, or compliance with transportation and storage conditions. In addition, the health of our children is impaired and weakened due to environmental factors– babies often suffer from allergic reactions, colds. Questions arise about how the child will tolerate vaccination, what kind of vaccination will follow immune reaction and what are the possible consequences for the baby’s health. About everything in order in our article.

What diseases are CCP vaccinated against?

MMR vaccination– this is the introduction of a vaccine against diseases such as measles, mumps (popularly called “mumps”) and rubella. Vaccination against these diseases can be carried out as part of a complex or single vaccine. Do children need protection from these diseases, and why are they dangerous?

Measles is an infectious disease that is accompanied by a characteristic rash and fever. After about 5 days, the rash begins to subside, and the body temperature returns to normal. A short-term disease that goes away on its own - why is it dangerous for a child? The danger lies in the development of various serious complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, otitis media, eye damage and others. A feature of the spread of the disease is that upon contact with a sick person, an unvaccinated child becomes infected in almost 100% of cases. Considering this fact, children are less and less likely to be vaccinated with MMR, the consequences were not long in coming - cases of the disease are increasing every year.

Rubella in childhood It is easily tolerated, often even without an increase in body temperature. Symptoms of the disease are a small rash and swollen lymph nodes. But the disease poses a serious danger to a pregnant woman, namely to her fetus. If a girl was not vaccinated against rubella in childhood or did not have it, then as an adult she is at risk during pregnancy. Rubella violates proper development fetus, often infected expectant mother leads to miscarriage or premature birth. At the birth of a child, serious malformations of the newborn are possible, often incompatible with life. Therefore, MMR vaccination is extremely necessary for girls.

Mumps affects the parotid salivary glands. Headaches occur, a high temperature appears, up to 40 degrees, swelling forms on the neck and in the ear area. It is difficult for the child to chew and swallow. Possible the following complications past mumps: otitis, inflammation of the brain; boys often develop inflammation of the testicles (orchitis), which in the future can lead to infertility.

All of the above diseases are transmitted by airborne droplets and household contact, that is, every unvaccinated person can become infected, regardless of preventive measures.

How the MMR vaccine works

Vaccination against diseases using a complex or monovaccine. An immune response is produced in 92-97% of vaccinated people.

All preparations for MMR vaccination have a common property - they contain live (weakened) pathogens. How does MCP (vaccination) work? The instructions indicate direct infection of a person after administration of the drug. But the vaccine contains such a number of living microorganisms that everything in the body begins to work. protective functions, including the production of antibodies to pathogenic flora. A full-fledged disease does not develop. However, various adverse reactions are possible. We will talk about them in more detail below.

What types of MMR vaccines are there?

Today in the CIS countries the following drugs are used for MMR vaccination:

Measles vaccine:

1. Drug L-16 Russian production. It is made on the basis of quail eggs, which is an advantage, since children often have an allergic reaction to chicken protein (which is what is used in most foreign vaccines).

For mumps:

1. Russian live vaccine L-3, like the drug L-16, is made from quail eggs.
2. Czech drug "Pavivak".

For rubella:

1. "Rudivax" made in France.
2. Ervevax, England.
3. Indian vaccine SII.

Complex vaccines:

1. Russian drug for measles and mumps.
2. "Priorix" is a Belgian-made CCP vaccine. Reviews about the drug are positive. He gained trust medical workers and consumers. In private clinics, for immunization against 3 diseases - measles, rubella and mumps - this vaccine is recommended as the safest and most effective.
3. The Dutch vaccine "MMP-II" has a controversial reputation - there is an opinion that after vaccination with this drug symptoms of autism developed in children, but there is no reliable verified information on this matter. this moment does not exist.

How is vaccination carried out?

MMR vaccination usually does not cause any difficulties. The baby's reaction during insertion may include intense, restless crying. Post-vaccination complications may appear only on the fifth day after vaccination. In order to minimize possible adverse reactions, the procedure must be carried out in compliance with all safety standards. It is worth paying attention to the fact that the vaccine must be unpacked immediately before the procedure. The drug should be dissolved only with the special solution that comes with the vaccine.

For newborns, a PDA vaccination is given in the hip or shoulder area, and for older children, in the subscapular area. Complications that do not cause concern to health workers may include the following: possible painful sensations, redness, swelling in the area where the drug was administered for two days. But if the above symptoms become severe and are accompanied by other adverse reactions, a consultation with a pediatrician is necessary.

Vaccination scheme

MMR vaccination is given to one-year-old children, after which immunization is repeated at 6 years of age. In some cases, adults are also vaccinated for medical reasons. For example, a woman while planning a pregnancy. It should be noted that conception should be planned at least 3 months after MMR vaccination.

The vaccine can be combined with other immunization drugs: MMR can be simultaneously administered with vaccinations against Haemophilus influenzae, hepatitis A, KDP, tetanus, and polio vaccines.

Absolute contraindications to MMR vaccination

There are absolute and temporary contraindications to MMR vaccination. It is necessary to refuse immunization in the following patient conditions:

• congenital or acquired immunodeficiency;
• the presence of cellular defects of immunity;
• severe reactions to previous vaccinations;
• the presence of an allergy to the components of the drug.

Temporary contraindications

If temporary health problems occur in the vaccinated child or adult, it is carried out after full recovery and restoration of the body's immune forces by vaccination with CCP. The contraindications are as follows:

• taking corticosteroids, immunomodulating drugs, radiotherapy and chemotherapy;
• acute respiratory infections;
• exacerbation of chronic diseases;
• curable diseases of the circulatory system;
• kidney problems;
• heat and fever;
• pregnancy.

Common adverse reactions

CCP (vaccination) is usually well tolerated. Adverse reactions occur in 10% of cases. Some complications that arise do not cause concern to doctors; they belong to the list of normal immune responses to the drug. It is important to remember that any reaction to the MMR vaccine can only appear from 4 to 15 days after immunization. If any deviations in the health of a vaccinated person appear earlier or later than the specified dates, then they are in no way related to the vaccination, with the exception of redness at the injection site, which is observed in the first two days.

Common reactions after MMR vaccination include:

• increased temperature (up to 39 degrees);
• runny nose;
• cough;
• redness of the throat;
• enlargement of the parotid salivary glands and lymph nodes;
• allergic reactions: rash, urticaria (most often such reactions occur to the antibiotic "Neomycin" and the protein included in the drugs);
• Women experience post-vaccination complaints of pain in muscles and joints. This reaction in children and men is observed only in 0.3% of cases.

Complications

There have been cases of serious complications after MMR vaccination. Fortunately, they are rare, against the background of other disorders in the body. Reasons for development adverse reactions there may be a patient’s disease, a poor-quality vaccine, misuse drug. Complications after MMR vaccination include:

1. Convulsions developing against the background high temperature. With this symptom, antipyretic drugs paracetamol are prescribed, and it is also recommended to undergo examination by a neurologist to exclude the background development of damage to the nervous system.
2. Post-vaccination brain damage (encephalitis). When deciding whether to carry out or refuse MMR vaccination, it should be taken into account that such a complication after vaccination occurs 1000 times less often than with a full-fledged infection with measles or rubella.
3. After vaccination against mumps or complex vaccination, which includes this disease, meningitis may develop in 1% of cases, while when the disease is transferred, this figure reaches 25%.
4. Within 30 minutes after MMR vaccination, a reaction in the form of anaphylactic shock. Only the injection of adrenaline will help save a life in such a situation. Therefore, do not self-medicate - contact a specialized government or private clinic, and also follow all the doctor’s instructions, including monitoring the reaction to the vaccine for half an hour within the walls medical institution. Consultation with a visiting nurse is also necessary on the fifth and tenth day after vaccination.
5. In extremely rare cases, thrombocytopenia – a decrease in platelets in the blood – has been reported.

Preparing for vaccination

In order to reduce the risk of developing various post-vaccination complications, it is necessary to carry out preliminary preparation for immunization. Such measures are especially important when vaccinating children. Before routine vaccination, adhere to the following recommendations:

1. Do not introduce new foods into your child's diet. If the baby is on breastfeeding, a nursing mother should also stick to a regular diet.
2. A few days before the intended vaccination, you must take general analysis blood and urine to exclude hidden, indolent diseases.
3. Children prone to allergic reactions or who have such complications during previous vaccinations, antihistamines may be prescribed 2 days before vaccination and several days after vaccination.
4. After the MMR vaccination is completed, the body temperature often rises to high levels. But, nevertheless, doctors do not recommend taking antipyretic drugs for preventive purposes. They are prescribed only to children with a predisposition to febrile seizures. Take the medicine immediately after the vaccine is administered.
5. If your child is healthy and has no indication for taking medications, before vaccination, for safety reasons, make sure that there are first aid medications in the house - antipyretics (Nurofen, Panadol) and antihistamines, for example, Suprastin.
6. Immediately before vaccination, the child should be examined by a pediatrician: measure the temperature, assess the general state of health.

What to do after MMR vaccination?

Has your child received the MMR vaccination? The body's reaction can occur only on day 5. To minimize the occurrence of side effects, follow these tips. So, after vaccination, also do not let your child try new foods. In addition, exclude heavy foods; you should not overfeed your baby. Increase your fluid intake.

In the first two days it is better to stay at home, as the baby’s body is weakened and is easily susceptible to infection. various diseases. Limit contact with others for two weeks. Do not allow your baby to become hypothermic or overheated.

When should you call a doctor?

After vaccination, carefully monitor the baby’s condition: regularly measure the temperature, observe his reactions, behavior, and complaints. When found the following symptoms urgent medical attention is needed:

• diarrhea;
• vomit;
• high temperature, which is not reduced by antipyretic drugs;
• temperature above 40 degrees;
• severe allergic reaction;
• swelling or hardening of the injection site, greater than 3 cm in diameter, or suppuration;
• prolonged, causeless crying of a child;
• convulsions;
• Quincke's edema;
• suffocation;
• loss of consciousness.

When deciding whether to give your child CCP (vaccination) or not, weigh the pros and cons. Consider the disappointing statistics that indicate that if you are fully infected with measles, mumps, or rubella, complications are likely to occur. various degrees severity is hundreds of times higher than after vaccination modern drugs. In addition, reviews from mothers speak of high level safety of MMR vaccination - the vast majority of vaccinated children did not experience any post-vaccination complications. Observe preventive measures and the doctor’s instructions - then the vaccination will only benefit your baby and protect against serious diseases.

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Vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella

The vaccination calendar includes a complex vaccine against measles, mumps, rubella - the MMR vaccine. It is well tolerated in most cases by those who received it. Complications occur, but are rare. Infectious disease specialists and pediatricians strongly recommend that all children receive the MMR vaccine. A child who has not passed it and becomes ill with measles, rubella or mumps will definitely receive severe complications. Girls who did not receive CCP as children do not have immunity. When infected with rubella during pregnancy, the disease causes severe violations.

When given, the MMR vaccine protects against complications from three serious infectious diseases. With proper vaccination, immunity is developed within 21 days in 98% of vaccinated people. Immunity lasts 25 years.

Contraindications for MMR vaccination

There are cases when you cannot vaccinate:

• with acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, when the child is very ill;
• with weakened health and immunity;
• if there was a severe allergic reaction after the last vaccination;
• children with allergies to neomycin and gelatin;
• when the first symptoms of a cold appear (cough, elevated temperature, runny nose);
• pregnancy;
• if blood products (blood plasma, immunoglobulins) were administered, MMR vaccination is carried out after 3 months;
• oncological diseases;
• tuberculosis;

Where and when to get the MMR vaccine?

The first such vaccination is given in the thigh at 1 - 1.5 years of age. At 6 - 7 years old - the second dose of vaccination - revaccination is injected into the shoulder. These are the calendar dates for MMR vaccination.

If for some reason you did not manage to complete the PDA within the established time frame, then do not worry. Try to do it as soon as possible. Postponing the vaccination does not reduce its effectiveness.

Advice: delaying the first dose of vaccination until long term undesirable. As a child gets older and their social circle expands, the risk of contracting rubella, mumps or measles increases. The second dose of the PDA must be repeated and given before the child enters school.

PDA and travel

If you are going abroad with a child who is not even one year old, be sure to give your child a comprehensive vaccination ahead of schedule. Your child will have immunity against these diseases.

When the child turns one year old, he needs to repeat the CCP, and then repeat another dose of the vaccine to get strong immunity when he turns 6 years old.

Adverse reactions to vaccination

For the majority, vaccination is not accompanied by adverse reactions. In 5-15% of cases, complications are observed 2-5 days after vaccination. Reactions resolve within 3 days.

1. Temperature. Both vaccinated adults and children may experience a temperature of up to 39.40C for 5-12 days after vaccination. It can be knocked down if chills and severe body aches appear in the first 2 days. To reduce the temperature, take antipyretics (paracetamol, ibuprofen).
2. Joint pain. Some young women and children may experience inflammation in the hand and finger joints in the first 3 weeks after vaccination. The symptoms do not require treatment; they go away quickly without consequences.
3. Allergy. In addition to the measles, rubella, and mumps viruses, the vaccine contains neomycin, gelatin, and chicken protein, which cause an allergic reaction in some. Introducing small amounts of these substances to allergy sufferers provokes a strong reaction, even dangerous - anaphylactic shock. Before taking your child for MMR vaccination, parents should tell the doctor what substances your child is allergic to. If a strong reaction was observed after the initial dose, it is necessary to do tests for which components of the vaccine increased sensitivity, and the doctor will cancel the second dose according to indications or replace the Russian one with an imported one (it contains yolk quail eggs). For people who are not allergic to PDA components, the vaccine is completely safe.
4. Pain at the injection site. The area where the injection was given may experience harmless tissue compaction, numbness and pain, and swelling may occur for up to several weeks.
5. Rash. According to statistics, in 1 in 20 people, the MMR vaccine causes a pale pink rash on the skin within the first 5-10 days. Red spots cover the face, arms, torso and legs. The rash goes away quickly, is not dangerous, and leaves no traces.
6. Increase lymph nodes. Within a few days, the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine often causes harmless swollen lymph nodes.
7. Swelling of the testicles. Some boys may experience slight swelling and tenderness of the testicles. This will not disrupt the ability to conceive a child in the future when the boy grows up.
8. Catarrhal phenomena (conjunctivitis, cough, runny nose).

Should adults be vaccinated?

Adults who did not receive one dose of the MMR vaccine as children and have not had mumps, measles or rubella should be vaccinated. Measles and mumps are very dangerous for adults, and rubella in pregnant women causes pathologies in the development of the fetus.

All women planning a pregnancy are advised to have a blood test to determine immunity against rubella. If tests show its absence, the woman must be vaccinated with MCP before pregnancy. You can conceive a child 1 month after vaccination.

MMR vaccination: instructions for use of the drug "Priorix"

A multicomponent vaccine is better because it needs to be injected once. Priorix can be administered subcutaneously (under the shoulder blade) and up to 3 years - intramuscularly (into the thigh), after which - into the deltoid muscle of the shoulder (into the arm). A vaccinated person is not contagious to others.

Medicine form: lyophilisate for solution.

Its composition (from the instructions): Priorix - combination drug contains attenuated strains of measles, mumps and rubella viruses, separately cultured in chicken embryo cells.

A vaccine dose contains 3.5 lgTCD50 of measles virus strain Schwartz, 4.3 lgTCD50 of live mumps virus strain RIT4385, 3.5 lgTCD50 of rubella (vaccine strain Wistar RA 27/3). The vaccine contains 25 mcg of neomycin sulfate, sorbitol, lactose, mannitol, amino acids.

Description of the vaccine Homogeneous porous mass of white or slightly Pink colour. Its solvent is a colorless, transparent liquid, odorless and impurity-free.

Immunology Clinical trials showed high effectiveness of the vaccine. Antibodies to the mumps virus were found in 96.1%, measles - in 98% of vaccinated people, and rubella - in 99.3%.

Purpose: Development of immunity, prevention of mumps, rubella, measles.

Mode of application

The contents with the solvent are added to the bottle with the dry preparation at the rate of 0.5 ml per 1 dose. Shake thoroughly until the mixture is completely dissolved, no more than 1 minute.

The resulting solution is transparent, from pink to pink-orange. If it looks different or has foreign particles, do not use the drug.

Priorix is ​​administered subcutaneously in a dose of 0.5 ml; allowed intramuscular injection. A new sterile needle is used to insert Priorix. The drug is removed from the bottle while observing the rules of asepsis.

Adverse reactions

• allergic reactions,
• diarrhea,
• lymphadenopathy,
• vomit,
• bronchitis, otitis media, cough (sometimes), increase parotid glands,
• insomnia, febrile seizures, crying, nervousness, (sometimes)
• rash,
• conjunctivitis (sometimes), anorexia (very rarely),

• increased temperature (>38°C), redness at the injection site,
• swelling, pain at the injection site, temperature >39.5°C

Adverse reactions were observed in 1-10% after vaccination.

The following side effects have been reported during mass vaccination:

• meningitis,
• arthralgia, arthritis,
• thrombocytopenia,
• anaphylactic reactions,
• erythema multiforme,
• encephalitis, transverse myelitis, peripheral neuritis

Random intravenous administration causes severe reactions, even shock.

Interaction

Priorix can be administered simultaneously with DPT, ADS vaccines(in one day), when injecting into different parts of the body with separate syringes. It is not allowed to use the same syringe with other drugs.

Priorix can be used for a second vaccination in persons previously vaccinated with mono drugs or with another combination vaccine.

special instructions

Use caution when administering to people with allergic diseases. The vaccinated person must stay for 30 minutes. under control.

The vaccination room must be provided with anti-shock therapy (adrenaline solution 1:1000). Before administering the vaccine, make sure that the alcohol has evaporated from the surface of the skin, as it can inactivate attenuated viruses in the vaccine.

Release form

Includes: 1 dose in a bottle, 0.5 ml solvent in an ampoule. Packing: cardboard boxes. 1 dose in a bottle + 0.5 ml solvent in a syringe, 1-2 needles.

For medical institutions: 100 bottles per box. Solvent separately, 100 ampoules. 10 doses per bottle. 50 bottles per cardboard box. Separately, 5 ml solvent. 50 ampoules per box.

Shelf life and storage conditions

Two years is the shelf life of the vaccine, 5 years for the solvent. The expiration date is indicated on the packaging and bottle label.

Store at a temperature of 2 to 8°C. The solvent, packaged separately, is stored at temperatures from 2 to 25 ° C; Avoid freezing.

Conditions of release By prescription.

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MMR vaccination

The MMR vaccine is a comprehensive vaccine against three diseases: measles, rubella and mumps, better known as mumps. Doctors recommend refusing to vaccinate a child only in rare cases, since these three diseases are dangerous due to their complications. About the age at which the MMR vaccine is given, whether it has contraindications and side effects, and will be discussed in this article.

Vaccination: measles, rubella, mumps

Measles is a disease characterized by fever, rash, cough, rhinitis and inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes. The disease causes complications such as pneumonia, seizures accompanied by protrusion of the eyes, eye diseases and can be fatal.

Rubella is a disease characterized by a skin rash. During illness, children experience increased body temperature. Complications from rubella affect girls more, manifesting in the form of joint diseases.

Mumps or mumps, in addition to fever and headache, is characterized by swelling of the face and neck of the sick child and swelling of the testicles in boys. It is for boys that the disease poses the greatest danger, since they may remain infertile. Complications also include deafness, meningitis and even death.

Vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps involves introducing the viruses of these diseases in a weakened form into the child’s body. There are risks of developing severe side effects when administering the vaccine, but they are many times less than the risks of developing the same diseases in children.

When and where do MMR vaccinations take place?

According to the vaccination calendar, vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps is carried out twice. The first time the vaccination is done at the age of 1 year, the second time, provided that the child has not suffered from the disease during this period of time, at 6 years.

In some cases, for example, if parents need to go abroad with their child, MMR vaccination can be given to a baby aged 6 to 12 months. However, it does not affect the vaccination schedule, and in a year the MMR will be done as for the first time.

The MMR vaccine injection is administered subcutaneously. It is done either in the deltoid area of ​​the baby’s shoulder or under the shoulder blade.

Reaction to vaccination: measles, rubella, mumps

Among the most common reactions in children to MMR vaccination are the following:

• skin rash;
• increased body temperature;
• runny nose;
• vomiting, diarrhea;
• slight swelling of the testicles in boys.

If the body temperature rises and a rash or swelling of the testicles appears in boys after MMR vaccination, parents should give the child paracetamol. If the temperature is high, the child should be given an antipyretic. It is also given immediately after vaccination to those children who are prone to seizures when their body temperature rises.

Vomiting and diarrhea caused by MMR vaccination usually do not require treatment.

Severe allergic reactions in children to the MMR vaccine are possible, but this is only a one in a million case. Conditions such as meningitis, pneumonia, deafness and even falling into a coma were also observed in children. These cases are isolated and it was not possible to reliably determine whether vaccination caused these conditions.

Contraindications for administering MMR vaccination

MMR vaccination is contraindicated in children who suffer from protein intolerance chicken eggs, kanamycin and neomycin. MMR vaccination is not given to children who are sick at the time of vaccination. Re-introduction MMR vaccines It is prohibited for those children who had a hard time with the first MMR vaccination.

It is also prohibited to administer the MMR vaccine to children suffering from AIDS, HIV and other depressing diseases. immune system body. In some cases, the vaccine can be administered to them, but subject to strict supervision by a specialist. Parents of children with cancer should be consulted about the possibility of vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps. Consultation with a doctor is also required for children who have received blood products within the last 11 months before vaccination.

Parents of children are increasingly asking themselves about the need and advisability of routine vaccination for their children. We will talk about how the MMR vaccine is tolerated. Adults do not trust vaccine manufacturers, the quality of their production, or compliance with transportation and storage conditions. In addition, the health of our children is impaired and weakened due to environmental factors - children often suffer from allergic reactions. Questions arise about how the child will tolerate vaccination, what immune reaction will follow and what possible consequences for the baby’s health. About everything in order in our article.

What diseases are CCP vaccinated against?

MMR vaccination is the introduction of diseases such as measles, mumps (popularly called “mumps”) and rubella. Vaccination against these diseases can be carried out as part of a complex or single vaccine. Do children need protection from these diseases, and why are they dangerous?

Measles is an infectious disease that is accompanied by a characteristic rash and fever. After about 5 days, the rash begins to subside, and the body temperature returns to normal. A short-term illness that goes away on its own - why is it dangerous for a child? The danger lies in the development of various serious complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, otitis media, eye damage and others. A feature of the spread of the disease is that upon contact with a sick person, an unvaccinated child becomes infected in almost 100% of cases. Considering this fact, children are less and less likely to be vaccinated with MMR, the consequences were not long in coming - cases of the disease are increasing every year.

Rubella in childhood is easily tolerated, often even without an increase in body temperature. Symptoms of the disease are a small rash and swollen lymph nodes. But the disease poses a serious danger to a pregnant woman, namely to her fetus. If a girl was not vaccinated against rubella in childhood or did not have it, then as an adult she is at risk during pregnancy. Rubella disrupts the normal course of pregnancy; infection of the expectant mother often leads to miscarriage or premature birth. At the birth of a child, serious malformations of the newborn are possible, often incompatible with life. Therefore, MMR vaccination is extremely necessary for girls.

Mumps affects the parotid salivary glands. Headaches occur, a high temperature appears, up to 40 degrees, swelling forms on the neck and in the ear area. It is difficult for the child to chew and swallow. The following complications of mumps are possible: otitis media, inflammation of the brain; boys often develop inflammation of the testicles (orchitis), which can lead to infertility in the future.

All of the above diseases are transmitted by airborne droplets and household contact, that is, every unvaccinated person can become infected, regardless of preventive measures.

How the MMR vaccine works

Vaccination against diseases using a complex or monovaccine. An immune response is produced in 92-97% of vaccinated people.

All preparations for MMR vaccination have a common property - they contain live (weakened) pathogens. How does MCP (vaccination) work? The instructions indicate direct infection of a person after administration of the drug. But the vaccine contains such a number of living microorganisms that all protective functions in the body begin to work, including the production of antibodies to pathogenic flora. A full-fledged disease does not develop. However, various adverse reactions are possible. We will talk about them in more detail below.

What types of MMR vaccines are there?

Today in the CIS countries the following drugs are used for MMR vaccination:

Measles vaccine:

1. The drug L-16 is made in Russia. It is made on the basis of which is an advantage, since children often experience an allergic reaction to chicken protein (which is what is used in most foreign vaccines).

For mumps:

1. The Russian live vaccine L-3, like the drug L-16, is made from quail eggs.
2. Czech drug "Pavivak".

For rubella:

1. "Rudivax" made in France.
2. Ervevax, England.
3. Indian vaccine SII.

Complex vaccines:

1. Russian drug for measles and mumps.
2. "Priorix" is a Belgian-made CCP vaccine. Reviews about the drug are positive. It has gained the trust of healthcare professionals and consumers. In private clinics, for immunization against 3 diseases - measles, rubella and mumps - this vaccine is recommended as the safest and most effective.
3. The Dutch vaccine "MMP-II" has a controversial reputation - there is an opinion that after vaccination with this drug symptoms of autism developed in children, but reliable verified information on this matter does not exist at the moment.

How is vaccination carried out?

MMR vaccination usually does not cause any difficulties. The baby's reaction during insertion may include intense, restless crying. Post-vaccination complications may appear only on the fifth day after vaccination. In order to minimize possible adverse reactions, the procedure must be carried out in compliance with all safety standards. It is worth paying attention to the fact that the vaccine must be unpacked immediately before the procedure. The drug should be dissolved only with the special solution that comes with the vaccine.

For newborns, a PDA vaccination is given in the hip or shoulder area, and for older children, in the subscapular area. Complications that do not cause concern to health workers may be the following: possible pain, redness, swelling in the area where the drug was administered for two days. But if the above symptoms become severe and are accompanied by other adverse reactions, a consultation with a pediatrician is necessary.

Vaccination scheme

MMR vaccination is given to one-year-old children, after which immunization is repeated at 6 years of age. In some cases, adults are also vaccinated for medical reasons. For example, a woman while planning a pregnancy. It should be noted that conception should be planned at least 3 months after MMR vaccination.

The vaccine can be combined with other immunization drugs: MMR can be simultaneously administered with vaccinations against Haemophilus influenzae, hepatitis A, KDP, tetanus, and polio vaccines.

Absolute contraindications to MMR vaccination

There are absolute and temporary contraindications to MMR vaccination. It is necessary to refuse immunization in the following patient conditions:

• congenital or acquired immunodeficiency;
• the presence of cellular defects of immunity;
• severe reactions to previous vaccinations;
• the presence of an allergy to the components of the drug.

Temporary contraindications

If temporary health problems occur in the vaccinated child or adult, MMR vaccination is carried out after complete recovery and restoration of the body's immune forces. The contraindications are as follows:

• taking corticosteroids, immunomodulating drugs, radiotherapy and chemotherapy;
• acute respiratory infections;
• exacerbation of chronic diseases;
• curable diseases of the circulatory system;
• kidney problems;
• heat and fever;
• pregnancy.

Common adverse reactions

CCP (vaccination) is usually well tolerated. Adverse reactions occur in 10% of cases. Some complications that arise do not cause concern to doctors; they belong to the list of normal immune responses to the drug. It is important to remember that any reaction to the MMR vaccine can only appear from 4 to 15 days after immunization. If any deviations in the health of a vaccinated person appear earlier or later than the specified dates, then they are in no way related to the vaccination, with the exception of redness at the injection site, which is observed in the first two days.

Common reactions after MMR vaccination include:

• increased temperature (up to 39 degrees);
• runny nose;
• cough;
• redness of the throat;
• enlargement of the parotid salivary glands and lymph nodes;
• allergic reactions: rash, urticaria (most often such reactions occur to the antibiotic "Neomycin" and the protein included in the drugs);
• Women experience post-vaccination complaints of pain in muscles and joints. This reaction in children and men is observed only in 0.3% of cases.

Complications

There have been cases of serious complications after MMR vaccination. Fortunately, they are rare, against the background of other disorders in the body. The reasons for the development of adverse reactions may be the patient’s illness, poor-quality vaccine, or improper use of the drug. Complications after MMR vaccination include:

1. Convulsions developing against a background of high temperature. With this symptom, antipyretic drugs paracetamol are prescribed, and it is also recommended to undergo examination by a neurologist to exclude the background development of damage to the nervous system.
2. Post-vaccination brain damage (encephalitis). When deciding whether to carry out CCP, it should be taken into account that such a complication after vaccination occurs 1000 times less often than with a full-fledged infection with measles or rubella.
3. After vaccination against mumps or complex vaccination, which includes this disease, in 1% of cases it is possible development of meningitis, whereas when the disease is transferred, this figure reaches 25%.
4. Within 30 minutes after vaccination, MMR is possible reaction in the form of anaphylactic shock. Only the injection of adrenaline will help save a life in such a situation. Therefore, do not self-medicate - go to a specialized public or private clinic for vaccination, and also follow all the doctor’s instructions, including monitoring the reaction to the vaccine for half an hour within the walls of the medical institution. Consultation with a visiting nurse is also necessary on the fifth and tenth day after vaccination.
5. In extremely rare cases, registered thrombocytopenia- decrease in platelets in the blood.

Preparing for vaccination

In order to reduce the risk of developing various post-vaccination complications, it is necessary to carry out preliminary preparation for immunization. Such measures are especially important when vaccinating children. Before routine vaccination, adhere to the following recommendations:

1. Do not introduce new foods into your child's diet. If the baby is breastfed, the nursing mother should also stick to a regular diet.
2. A few days before the proposed vaccination, it is necessary to take a general blood and urine test to exclude hidden, indolent diseases.
3. Children prone to allergic reactions or who have had such complications during previous vaccinations may be prescribed antihistamines 2 days before vaccination and several days after vaccination.
4. After the MMR vaccination is completed, the body temperature often rises to high levels. But, nevertheless, doctors do not recommend taking antipyretic drugs for preventive purposes. They are prescribed only to children with a predisposition to Take the medicine immediately after the vaccine is administered.
5. If your child is healthy and has no indication for taking medications, before vaccination, for safety reasons, make sure that there are first aid medications in the house - antipyretics (Nurofen, Panadol) and antihistamines, for example, Suprastin.
6. Immediately before vaccination, the child should be examined by a pediatrician: measure the temperature, assess the general state of health.

What to do after MMR vaccination?

Has your child received the MMR vaccination? The body's reaction can occur only on day 5. To minimize the occurrence of side effects, follow these tips. So, after vaccination, also do not let your child try new foods. In addition, exclude heavy foods; you should not overfeed your baby. Increase your fluid intake.

In the first two days, it is better to stay at home, as the baby’s body is weakened and is easily susceptible to infection with various diseases. Limit contact with others for two weeks. Do not allow your baby to become hypothermic or overheated.

When should you call a doctor?

After vaccination, carefully monitor the baby’s condition: regularly measure the temperature, observe his reactions, behavior, and complaints. If you notice the following symptoms, seek immediate medical attention:

• diarrhea;
• vomit;
• high temperature, which is not reduced by antipyretic drugs;
• temperature above 40 degrees;
• severe allergic reaction;
• swelling or hardening of the injection site, greater than 3 cm in diameter, or suppuration;
• prolonged, causeless crying of a child;
• convulsions;
• Quincke's edema;
• suffocation;
• loss of consciousness.

When deciding whether to give your child CCP (vaccination) or not, weigh the pros and cons. Consider the disappointing statistics that indicate that with a full-fledged infection with measles, mumps or rubella, the likelihood of complications of varying degrees of severity is hundreds of times higher than after vaccination with modern drugs. In addition, reviews from mothers indicate a high level of safety of MMR vaccination - the vast majority of vaccinated children did not experience any post-vaccination complications. Follow preventive measures and doctor's instructions - then vaccination will only benefit your baby and protect against serious diseases.

Now there are many sites on the Internet that frighten parents with many complications after vaccinations.

But most often, all these side effects are manifestations of a post-vaccination reaction, which is individual for each child.

In addition, many parents do not even think that vaccination, both before and now, is a necessity:

• all diseases against which humanity invents vaccines are highly contagious and often lead to lasting changes health with their complicated course, disability and even death;
• In order to develop lasting immunity against a certain infection, it is necessary to contract the infection and recover from a mild form of the disease;
• vaccination, in essence, is the introduction of a weakened pathogen or its particles into the human body, and the reaction to vaccination is the body’s normal immune response to the entry of weakened viruses or bacteria or their protein fragments into the body.

As a practicing pediatrician, I often have to explain why it is necessary to vaccinate against these diseases - it is not the disease itself that is scary, but the likelihood of complications.

This is especially true now - from year to year we have to observe a decrease in the percentage completely healthy babies from the period of newborns or infancy, which of course is not encouraging. And it is these little ones that can at any time become infected with a banal “children’s” infection with high risk their complicated course.

The return of various epidemics infectious diseases associated with the refusal to vaccinate an increasing number of children.

According to WHO statistics:

• there were 158,000 measles deaths globally in 2011—almost 430 per day or 18 per hour;
• for the period from 2000 to 2011 against measles vaccine tion led to a 71% reduction in global measles deaths.

If a girl was not vaccinated in childhood or she did not have rubella, the likelihood of contracting this “childhood” infection during pregnancy is quite high.

Rubella virus is the most dangerous infectious agent in terms of its harmful effects on the fetus, causing the development of deformities and complex malformations (deafness, blindness and severe heart defects), which determines the need for vaccination against rubella in childhood (at 12 months, 7 and 15 years).

If a pregnant woman is diagnosed with rubella early stages pregnancy - this is considered an indication for its termination, since the virus has a serious damaging effect on the fetus

Let's talk about prevention - vaccination against measles-rubella-mumps. Vaccination is carried out for the first time when the child is 1 year old, revaccination is carried out at 6 years old; Possible for adults.

Vaccines used:

• live measles (Russia);
• Ruvax – live measles vaccine (France);
• live mumps vaccine (Russia);
• Rudivax – live vaccine against rubella (France);
• Ervevax – live vaccine against rubella (Belgium);
• Priorix – combination vaccine against measles, rubella, mumps (UK);
• MMP II – combined vaccine against measles, rubella, mumps (USA).

Contraindications:

• allergy to neomycin (part of the vaccine);
• allergic reactions to quail or chicken eggs;
• leukemia;
• exacerbation of chronic diseases;

Adverse reactions(can occur from 5 to 15 days after vaccination) in the form of:

• increased body temperature;
• cough;
• runny nose;
• conjunctivitis;
• the appearance of a small pale pink measles-like rash (in 5% of children);
• rash in the first hours after the vaccine is administered - in children prone to allergic reactions.

The parotid glands may also become slightly enlarged.

Adverse reactions in most cases disappear within 2-3 days.

Most important point is to carry out vaccination completely healthy child and/or proper preparation to vaccination.
Complications occur in 1 case per 100,000 vaccines, while complications after mumps or measles occur in 25% of cases.

Today, the baby’s parents have the right to decide whether the baby needs to be given a certain vaccine and give mandatory consent to vaccination.

Today, it is your right to vaccinate or not to vaccinate your baby; you just need to issue an official refusal and that’s it, but you also need to think about back side– the likelihood of contracting and contracting one of these diseases.

doctor – pediatrician Sazonova Olga Ivanovna

Posted article: 437

Vaccination is the most controversial issue concerning children's health, which worries all mothers without exception. Should I do it or not? Do the benefits of vaccination justify all the fears, risks and side effects? Each parent must independently analyze this data and make a decision regarding their child. Let's try to help you find answers. In this article we'll talk about the MMR vaccination that everyone needs.

Vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps - description

It is traditionally believed that these are harmless childhood diseases that every child should get sick with in childhood, and the better the earlier, in order to acquire stable immunity for life. But not everything is so simple - mumps (popularly “mumps”) is dangerous for boys, since it can cause complications in the form of infertility, and is dangerous for surrounding adults, especially pregnant women, since it can cause fetal pathology, and can result in pneumonia or even meningitis.

Vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps is included in the calendar mandatory vaccinations and is done to children over one year old and up to 6 years old, to adolescents over 13, if it was not carried out on time.

The vaccines offered today consist of live but weakened viruses that do not cause disease but stimulate the production of antibodies.

Where is the MMR vaccination given?

The vaccine is administered subcutaneously and intramuscularly. One year old babies most often in the thigh, and in older children and adults - in the shoulder or shoulder blade. It is unacceptable to administer the drug into the gluteal muscle - the subcutaneous muscle is very developed in it. fatty tissue, which can interfere with normal absorption and cause swelling at the injection site.

The human body's reaction to vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps

Most often, if the vaccination is given to a child who is healthy and appropriately prepared in advance, it is easily tolerated. Local reactions can be considered within normal limits - redness, swelling at the injection site, which disappear after 2-3 days. Sometimes, 8-10 days after vaccination, other, more serious reactions may develop, such as fever, cough and runny nose, red small rash, enlarged lymph nodes in the ear area. Sometimes aching joints may be added to the above symptoms.

In order to reduce the likelihood of unpleasant reactions, you should give a child (take an adult) any antihistamine, for example, Loratadine, for days - 2 days before, immediately on the day of vaccination and another 2 days after.

Contraindications to MMR vaccination

Vaccination should not be carried out if a child or adult has:

• state of immunodeficiency;
• food allergy to chicken eggs;
• intolerance medical product neomycin;
• acute course of the disease, including chronic.

Vaccination is strictly contraindicated for people who have had severe reactions and complications after other types of vaccines, as well as for pregnant, breastfeeding and people undergoing therapy with immunostimulating drugs, for example, in the treatment of cancer.

Complications after measles-rubella-mumps vaccination

Complications after COC insertion are rare, but can be quite serious, pose a risk to life, and cause lasting harm health and negatively affect the quality of life. Among them.

Hello again, my dear readers! Today we’ll talk about what should be instilled in our children from a very young age. Politeness, accuracy, ability to empathize, respect for elders? Undoubtedly. But in addition to moral values, there is another one - health. And it is necessary to maintain it not only with constant prevention, but also with medication.

I know that among you there are probably ardent opponents of vaccinations. We will also devote one of the topics to abandoning them. Let me make a reservation right away, I myself am one of the mothers who go through everything mandatory vaccinations with children strictly according to the schedule. However, I am loyal to those who are categorically against it. How many people, so many opinions.

I will try to explain why vaccinations are still important and necessary, we will be especially interested in revaccination: measles, rubella, mumps, at 6 years of age.

What kind of “beast” is a pig?

First, let's remember what kind of diseases these are, how they are transmitted and manifest in children.

Measles. A viral disease that is easily transmitted by coughing, sneezing, that is, by airborne droplets. You can recognize it by the following signs: runny nose, cough, general malaise, fever, and most importantly, a rash all over the body. The measles virus is very tenacious and pervasive. It is capable of traveling long distances, and if it gets into the body, it will most likely manifest itself soon.

Rubella. The route of infection is the same. Usually symptoms begin to appear on day 10-11: fever, headache, enlarged lymph nodes, rash in the form of small spots. Children tolerate the disease quite easily.

Mumps. Popularly known as a pig. The face of the sick person, indeed, is more reminiscent of the muzzle of this animal: it is rounded, the salivary glands (submandibular and parotid) swell. The mumps virus is not so tenacious, and you can only become infected if you have direct contact with a sick person. General state worsens, the temperature rises, then the salivary glands enlarge. It becomes painful and difficult for the patient to chew and swallow food. Complications of mumps are quite dangerous for reproductive system: inflammation of the testicles occurs in boys and men, and inflammation of the ovaries in girls, which can lead to infertility.

One injection is not enough

Unfortunately, universal pills for these three diseases have not yet been invented, so immunization remains the only way to combat them to this day. One vaccine is enough to counteract three at once dangerous viruses. However, they do it more than once.

The first vaccination occurs at 1-1.5 years of age and is given in the thigh. Second, according to national calendar vaccinations - for 6-7 years, done in the forearm. If you were unable to meet the deadline, it is important to go to the hospital as soon as possible and get vaccinated. Growing up, the child communicates with more and more people, in kindergarten, school, on the street, in sports section, and each of the interlocutors can be a potential carrier of the virus.

By the way, dear mothers, were you vaccinated yourself as a child? If not, then grab it medical insurance and run to the clinic. If you get sick, you will be in serious trouble. I apologize for the pun, but complications of measles and mumps in mature age very difficult to bear.

So, we figured out when and where to get the MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine.

"Reactive" consequences

Now let’s talk about how such a “triple” blow of the vaccine is tolerated. You need to be prepared for the fact that the reaction will be significant and resemble the disease in its lighter and slightly accelerated version. However, vaccination is the introduction of a virus into the body in a microscopic dose, so that antibodies are developed and the real infection cannot penetrate and harm.

Most children and adults tolerate MMR vaccination quite easily, but some may experience:

• Temperature (6-12 days after administration, it may rise to 39 degrees or higher; usually lasts up to 2-5 days with accompanying symptoms: chills, aches. If the fever is significant, then you can bring it down).
• Rash (enough a rare event, may appear as red spots on the body and limbs 7-10 days after vaccination).
• Enlarged lymph nodes (as a rule, they enlarge throughout the body, in most vaccinated people. This is not dangerous).
• Joint pain (commonly seen in children and women; discomfort and painful sensations concentrated in the area of ​​the hands and fingers)
• Pain and numbness at the injection site (the “button” thickens and causes some concern, but this reaction of the body to the vaccine is completely normal; sometimes the injection site makes itself felt for several weeks).
• Swelling and pain in the scrotum. (sometimes boys and men experience just such a reaction. After some time, the pain and swelling go away without affecting reproductive function in any way).

How to avoid complications

Well-known pediatrician Dr. Komarovsky urges not to confuse the normal reaction to the vaccine and the side effects from it. Some vaccinations are easier to tolerate, others are more difficult. After CCP, it is rare, but complications do occur. Here are some of them:

• Allergies (swelling, redness). It is associated with the content of the antibiotic in the vaccine and the residual protein on which it was grown. It can go away on its own, but sometimes it requires treating the swollen area with ointments (troxevasin) or taking antihistamines.
• Cramps. Appear against a background of high fever 6-11 days after injection. You can alleviate the child’s condition with antipyretic drugs, but if it worsens, it is better to see a neurologist. The doctor must make sure that there is no damage to the organic nervous system.
• Diseases associated with drug administration. They are quite rare, but it is better to know about them. Serous meningitis(non-purulent inflammation of the meninges) can develop due to the anti-mumps component of the vaccine. Measles post-vaccination encephalitis (damage to brain tissue, more often in children with immunodeficiency).

To avoid sad consequences, it is important to know when it is better to postpone the MMR vaccination (and many others) or refuse it altogether. Every mother should know these contraindications by heart:

• severe weakening of the immune system, immunodeficiency;
• severe allergies after previous vaccinations;
• serious pathologies and chronic diseases.

Sometimes, if a baby has a common runny nose and cough, the doctor advises first to be cured, and only then get vaccinated. In general, reviews of the “triple” action vaccine are quite good. As a rule, there are no complications. A child vaccinated on time acquires lasting immunity against mumps, rubella and measles.