Spotted rash in children. Types of skin rashes in children: photos of rashes on the chest, back and throughout the body with explanations

A child may develop a rash due to various reasons– it can be caused by both a banal food allergy and a severe infectious disease. How to determine: when you can treat a skin rash on your own, and when your child urgently needs medical help?

It is difficult to find at least one adult in the world who never had a rash on their body as a child. Fortunately, in the vast majority of cases, this rash is only a “response” to the appearance of a new product in the baby’s diet...

Causes of a rash in a child

The rash itself in a child (whether on the face, stomach, or any other part of the body) is a local change in the normal condition of the skin. The rash may be different types- just a red spot (and not only red, by the way, but almost any shade from pale pink to bright brown), a bubble, a lump, and even in the form of a hemorrhage or bruise.

A skin rash is never separate disease and is never the cause of any disease. A rash on the body of a child (as well as an adult) is always a symptom, a consequence of certain circumstances: for example, the baby ate “something wrong,” rubbed his skin with the “wrong” clothes, was bitten by mosquitoes, or contracted an infection.

According to the frequency of reasons, causing rash on children's skin, there are several of the most common:

• Insect bites (the most common and “worst” culprits of childhood rash are mosquitoes);
• Infection (for example: rubella, and even such a dangerous one as meningitis);
• Bleeding disorders, one of the most common in this category is hemophilia (in which case the rash usually appears as small bruises);
• Mechanical damage (most often tissue friction);
• The so-called sun allergy (a more correct name is photodermatitis);

The vast majority of cases of a rash in a child are associated with either allergic reactions or light forms(not life-threatening) various infections. In third place are mosquito bites.

It is interesting that not every rash on a child’s body is accompanied by itching - there are also ones that do not itch at all. As a rule, the most severe itching causes allergic rashes and rashes from insect bites.

In addition, some infections can cause itchy rashes, shining example that's chickenpox. But almost always such a rash does not itch at all at first (the first 1-2 days), but begins to itch very much later (because sweat acts as an irritant on the elements of the rash).

Allergic rash on the child's body

A rash in a child that appears as allergic reaction, there are mainly two types:

• Food (the child ate some food, and within 24 hours a rash appeared on his face, or on his stomach, or on his arms and legs);
• Contact (the baby was dressed in clothes made from the wrong fabric, or these clothes were washed with too “aggressive” powder; the water in the pool where you swam had chlorine, etc.).

In the case of manifestations allergic rash in a child, it is the mothers and fathers (and sometimes even nannies) who are the best experts, because they are the ones who have the opportunity to vigilantly observe and analyze: in response to what exactly the reaction occurred, how much the child was “sprinkled”, where exactly the areas of the rash appeared, for how long it doesn't go away, etc. Having analyzed these circumstances and made correct conclusions, parents can themselves and quite easily rid their child of a rash - they just need to eliminate the allergen from his life (remove foods from the diet, change washing powder, etc.)

Infectious rash in a child: what to do

Often the appearance of a rash on a child’s body indicates that the baby has been “struck” by one or another infection. Most often this is viral infections(such as chickenpox, rubella or measles) that do not require any special complex treatment and after some time (but with medical supervision!) they go away on their own. The disease passes and the rash disappears.

For bacterial infections (for example), antibacterial treatment is usually given.

It also happens in children fungal infections which are accompanied by a rash. For example - . Only in this case, the rash does not affect the skin, but the mucous membrane of the oral cavity.

One way or another, if you have reason to believe that your child’s rash appears due to an infection, you should consult a doctor.

If a skin rash is one of the symptoms of any infection, then there will certainly be other signs: increased body temperature, loss of appetite, general weakness, etc. In this case, the child must be immediately shown to a doctor to determine exactly what kind of infection “ attacked” the baby and, in accordance with the diagnosis, select an adequate treatment plan.

In addition, one of the most compelling reasons to suspect the infectious nature of the appearance of a rash is the child’s probable contact with an infectious patient. For example, if you know that someone in kindergarten or school was diagnosed with or - you can safely assume that your child also “caught” it along the chain...

What you can do before the doctor arrives:

• create a humid and cool climate in the room (while dressing the child adequately);
• do not feed, but give plenty of water;
• give an antipyretic (if the temperature exceeds the threshold of 38 ° C).

In all other circumstances of the appearance of a rash on the child’s body (when you know for sure that the baby has no signs of infection), you can treat the skin yourself - at least until some other symptoms appear. alarming symptoms(the temperature suddenly rose, behavioral disturbances appeared - for example, the child became capricious, lethargic, drowsy, his speech was impaired, etc.).

A dangerous disease, the symptom of which is often a rash

We have already mentioned that if a child, along with a rash, also has some other symptoms - heat, behavioral disorders and others - the baby must be shown to a doctor. Since chances are high that in this case the rash is one of the signs infectious infection.

But there is an infectious disease, which is also expressed, among other symptoms, by a rash on the body, but in which you need to rush with your child to the doctor not just quickly, but with lightning speed! This disease is called meningococcal meningitis - very dangerous option severe neuroinfection.

This disease is caused by a microbe that is terrible in all respects - meningococcus. It gets into the child's throat, then enters the bloodstream and travels through the bloodstream to the brain, causing meningitis. It is important to remember here that this infection is not fatal and can be treated - but only if you quickly get to the doctor, he correctly diagnoses and promptly prescribes antibacterial treatment.

Before the advent of antibiotics in human history, 100% of children infected with meningococcal meningitis died. Nowadays, the vast majority of infected children who pass on time antibacterial therapy, recovers without consequences. But it is extremely important to organize an examination of the child by a qualified physician as soon as possible and begin treatment.

Often, with meningococcal meningitis, a specific blood infection occurs - this is what manifests itself as a rash on the child’s body in the form of numerous hemorrhages.

So, if you notice a rash on your child’s skin in the form of small hemorrhages (outwardly they look like varicose “stars”) or any kind of rash on the skin, but accompanied by a sharp increase in temperature and vomiting, immediately run with your child to the doctor!

It is advisable to immediately see an infectious disease specialist. The listed symptoms are direct reading to emergency child care. Moreover, the count is not by hours, but by minutes!

By the way, with meningococcal meningitis, the rash is never accompanied by itching.

How to reduce itching and rashes on a child’s body

The first step is to take measures to eliminate the causes of the rash itself. After all, itching does not occur on its own, but precisely against the background of rashes. If the skin rash is allergic, it is necessary to identify the allergen and “separate” it from the child. If it is a rash from insect bites, finally install a fumigator or something similar that will prevent bites.

In addition, the cause of the itching itself may be a specific disease (for example, scabies, the causative agent of which is a microscopic mite); in this situation, any attempts to relieve the itching will not give any result until active treatment of the disease itself begins.

The second step in reducing the itching of a rash is to try to eliminate the various irritants that affect the rash and thereby provoke the itching. For example - fabric. Dress your child in loose, light, cotton clothes - he will itch much less.

But the most “violent” irritant that causes severe itching during skin rashes is sweat. The more the child sweats, the more itchy the skin on which the rash appears. Moreover, on sensitive skin, even sweat itself (for no other reason) can cause a short-term rash - usually called a "sweat rash" by parents. Accordingly, any prevention of reducing sweating will lead to a reduction in rash and itching. To do this you can:

• bathe the child twice a day (and the water should be no more than 34 ° C);
• maintain a cool climate in the room (in general, make sure that the child does not overheat);

In addition, there are various medications(most often of local action), which successfully relieve itching and reduce the appearance of rashes. However, it is highly desirable that such a remedy (most often an ointment or gel) be selected for your child by a doctor, and not by a pharmacist, a neighbor next door or an elderly relative.

Let us remind you that in the vast majority of cases, a rash in a child is not a dangerous and relatively quickly passing symptom. There are only two situations (they happen relatively rarely in life) when a child with a rash needs to be taken to the hospital at lightning speed. medical institution or call emergency help:

• the rash manifested itself in the form of hemorrhages (which look like varicose veins);
• the rash is accompanied by vomiting and/or high fever.

However, most often a rash in a child appears only as an allergic reaction to one of the products or medications, or “unwanted” contacts (with hard fabric, with the remnants of some cleaning substance, with mosquitoes, etc.). Coping with such manifestations of a rash does not present any difficulty for parents; it is enough to simply exclude the allergen from the child’s life.

But if you are in doubt about what exactly causes the rash to appear on your child’s body, or whether the rash is accompanied by any other symptoms that worry you, do not hesitate to consult a doctor. He will be able to establish the exact reasons and give specific recommendations - what to do with the child, what to do with the rash, and how to behave so that these “two” never “meet” again.

Many diseases in childhood are accompanied by the appearance of various rashes on the child’s body. This condition in children raises many questions for their parents. In the photo in the article you can see the types, nature and location of the rash in children with explanations depending on a particular disease.

Types of sipi in childhood

First, let's find out what it is this concept. A rash is a pathological element on the skin and mucous membrane of a person that differs in structure from healthy skin. There are several types of rashes in children.

Without certain knowledge, which only a qualified specialist possesses, it is quite difficult to determine one or another type of rash. Our article is provided for informational purposes only. Diagnostics should only be carried out by a doctor.

The science of dermatology deals with the etiology and pathogenesis of rashes. IN medical practice there are several large groups these pathological elements on the skin:

• Physiological – most often diagnosed in infants under one year of age. Reason pathological changes This is where hormonal fluctuations occur in the body.
• Infectious – appears due to the influence of viral, bacterial and fungal agents on the body.
• Immunological - appears as a result of exposure of the skin to mechanical irritations, temperature, allergens and other things.

Depending on this classification, the reasons for the appearance of a rash on a child’s body can be identified.

Children's rash can appear on the head, face, arms, legs, neck, back, chest, butt, stomach, elbows, and genital area. The location of pimples, as well as their character, depends on the type of disease that provoked them. The most common causes of pathological changes in the skin are the following factors:

• Disturbances in the composition of the blood. When blood clots poorly, small hemorrhages appear on the skin. This is most typical for meningococcal meningitis.
• Diseases of viral etiology. This group includes measles, chickenpox, infectious mononucleosis, and rubella.
• Bacterial pathologies. A prominent representative is scarlet fever.
• Mechanical factors. If the dermis is damaged, the child may develop a rash in the form of small red dots, blisters, pimples, red or pink spots.
• Allergy. Often, a rash in children appears as a result of insect bites, when the dermis is exposed to household chemicals and some cosmetics. Skin irritation often occurs when eating allergens. Rashes may appear as a response to the use of medications.

From the list it is clear that there are quite a few reasons for this condition.

In addition, in many pathologies the rash has a very similar character. Therefore, do not try to independently diagnose a particular condition in your child. This should be done by an experienced dermatologist.

Photo of a rash in a child with explanations

There are a number of pathologies accompanied by the appearance of pathological formations on the skin in the form of vesicles, pimples, papules, vesicles and other manifestations. Let's look at common diseases that occur in childhood.

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic allergic disease which occurs in children with infancy. Pathology occurs in patients with a hereditary predisposition to atopy. Various factors provoke this condition. Among them are:

• genetic predisposition;
• violation metabolic processes in the dermis;
• imperfection immune system;
• maternal malnutrition during pregnancy;
• the effect of various irritants on the child’s skin.

Symptoms of the disease include redness of the dermis. Localization of the rash is observed on skin folds, legs, arms, and torso. The disease is diagnosed mainly in children under one year of age.

In the photo you can see what atopic dermatitis looks like in a child

Treatment of pathology is carried out comprehensively. In this case, they are used medications, traditional methods, preventive measures prescribed by a dermatologist.

Dermatitis of this type is characterized by the development of an inflammatory process in the area hairline heads. The pathology is caused by fungal microorganisms from the genus Malassezia furfur. Under the influence of their vital activity, symptoms characteristic of the disease appear on the child’s skin. These include:

• dry dermis;
• the appearance of yellow crusts on the head, forehead, and in the area of ​​the ears (gneiss);
• itching and peeling;
• redness of the dermis.

What seborrhea looks like in the photo can be seen below

Treatment of the disease is carried out under medical supervision using exfoliating, anti-inflammatory, and emollient agents.

From the name it is clear that this type of rash appears in babies with prolonged contact with irritants such as urine and feces. The cause of the disease is improper care or insufficient hygiene. A rash can also be caused by poor-quality underwear or diapers.

The danger of diaper dermatitis is that if not treated in a timely manner, the baby may develop ulcers and erosions in the genital area. Often joins bacterial infection, which significantly complicates treatment.

Diaper dermatitis on the picture

Treatment of the rash is carried out by observing the rules of hygiene, using anti-inflammatory, emollient, disinfecting creams, and herbal baths.

This type of allergic reaction occurs in children due to irritation of the dermis various factors(seams on clothes, scratches, cosmetical tools and so on).

Rash with contact dermatitis in the photo

Treatment of the disease is carried out exclusively by eliminating the irritant. If the factors that provoke rashes are not removed, any hygiene products and medications will be ineffective.

Acne occurs in children at any age. There are quite a few reasons for inflammation. Among them are allergic reactions, the influence of mechanical damage, bacteria, hormonal imbalance and metabolic processes in the body.

There are several types of acne. These include papules, pink or red spots, ulcers, and vesicles. Acne can be localized throughout the body. Most often they occur on the face, chest, back, and buttocks.

Photo of acne in a child

Treatment is carried out depending on the cause that provoked this state. To find out, you should show the baby to a dermatologist and pass the necessary lab tests.

The disease is provoked by group A streptococci, accompanied by an increase in body temperature, general impairment and formation small rash all over the body. Rashes appear in the patient on the 2-3rd day of illness, affecting the cheeks, groin, and sides of the body. The nasolabial triangle is pale and remains unaffected.

The tongue at the beginning of the disease has a red tint and a pronounced granular structure (scarlet tongue). On days 10-14, the skin begins to peel off. On the fingers and toes, the peeling is large-plate in nature. In the throat there are purulent lesions caused by streptococcus.

Rash with scarlet fever in the photo

This photo shows a rash on the tongue

This disease is caused by members of the herpes family. Pathology develops mainly before the age of two years. The clinical picture of the disease includes the following symptoms:

• increased body temperature;
• on the second or third day after a high temperature, a small rash in the form of red spots appears on the baby’s body;
• sometimes there is an enlargement of the submandibular lymph nodes;
• after rashes, peeling and dark spots.

You can see what roseola looks like in the photo.

No special treatment is required for roseola, as with other viral diseases. The child should be provided with comfortable conditions, given plenty of water, and given antipyretics in a timely manner.

This concept means acute viral disease, causing damage to the throat, tonsils, enlargement of the liver, spleen and lymph nodes, as well as causing changes in the composition of the blood.

Rash due to infectious mononucleosis in a photo of a child

Clinical picture accompanied by pronounced redness of the skin, which indicates severe intoxication of the body. The rashes look like goosebumps. The pathology is treated symptomatically, depending on the severity of the patient’s symptoms. The photo shows a rash of moderate severity.

When a child has a rash of a very different nature. It all depends on the characteristics of the body and its immune system. Typically, manifestations on the body look like small pimples. They can appear at the most various parts.

Photo of the rash helminthic infestations

Due to heat, direct sun exposure to the skin and insufficient hygiene The baby often develops heat rash on his body. In this case, small pinpoint formations appear on the body, which do not cause significant inconvenience to the child. Provokes this condition copious discharge sweat in a person.

Heat rash in the photo

Treatment for this condition is through good hygiene practices, frequent bathing, and normalization temperature indicators in room. To cleanse the dermis as quickly as possible, drinking plenty of fluids is recommended. In severe cases they are used antihistamines.

Conclusion

If you find any rashes on your baby’s body, do not try to figure out the cause yourself from a photo. Diagnosing pathology without the necessary knowledge is very difficult. Similar manifestations on the body in children can develop according to the most various reasons. This list includes lactose intolerance, mumps, skin changes with staphylococcus, dysbacteriosis, diathesis. Pimples on the chin and around the mouth often occur during teething. Rashes often occur with food allergies. Besides, this symptom often found in leukemia and other dangerous diseases.

Be that as it may, the first thing parents need to do when they discover pathological changes on their baby’s body is to seek qualified medical help. Take care of your children and be happy.

Video

Komarovsky spoke in detail about the child’s rash.

Content

All parents have experienced skin rashes in their baby at least once. How serious are such conditions and what should you do when they appear? The need to take action curative measures will depend on whether the child's rash is found all over the body or is localized in one area, and what additional symptoms she is accompanied.

Types of skin rashes in children

Based on the form in which the rash appears on a child’s body, they distinguish:

• spots - areas of skin that differ from the surrounding skin in color, for example, red, pink or pale and colorless;
• vesicles - small bubbles with serous fluid;
• blisters - develop on the skin due to acute inflammation, for example, with hives;
• bubbles – formations with a large cavity;
• ulcers, or pustules - pimples on the skin containing pus;
• papules - nodules on the surface of the skin without internal cavities;
• tubercles on the skin - formations without a cavity of red-yellow, bluish tints.

In every case of a rash, the child should be shown to a doctor. So, only an experienced specialist will be able to accurately determine whether a red rash on a child’s body is a symptom of rubella, erythema or an allergic reaction. Parents should not immediately start self-medicating their baby, because the fight for clear skin will only be effective when the pathogen that causes the irritation is identified.

Causes of rash on the body

The variety of reasons why skin rashes occur in children can be divided into the following groups:

• manifestation infectious disease, which is called:
  • viral pathogen - measles, rubella, chickenpox, mononucleosis;
  • bacteria - scarlet fever;
• an allergic reaction that has developed due to food, hygiene products, or contact dermatitis;
• reaction to insect bites and mechanical damage to the skin;
• a rash in the form of small hemorrhages, reflecting problems with blood clotting, for example, with meningococcal meningitis.

Allergy rash

The modern world is literally filled with factors that can greatly irritate children's delicate skin. A rash all over a child’s body, like an allergic reaction, is a common occurrence, and it can manifest itself in different ways: spots, pimples, small blisters. As for localization throughout the body, foci of irritation can appear in a variety of areas of the skin. So, often with food allergies, a rash is observed on the back and stomach of a child, and in case of a reaction due to the material of clothing, the rashes can cover the baby’s arms, shoulders, legs and even feet.

Why, even in cases where a mother has no doubt that her baby got sprinkled because of food, should she consult a doctor? You need to understand that an allergic rash in a child is only an external expression of the body’s reaction to the pathogen. At the same time, with severe allergies, malfunctions in the functioning of internal organs may occur and even Quincke's edema may develop. A doctor's examination of irritated skin will help prevent possible Negative consequences, and the prescribed medications will help relieve itching and irritation. The doctor will also rule out the development of an infectious disease in the baby.

After an insect bite

A rash in children when they are out of town in the summer, and even after a regular walk in the park, is a very common occurrence. Bites from mosquitoes, midges or ants often leave marks that are very itchy and can be visible on the skin for several days. In most cases, such irritations can be prevented by using mosquito nets, fumigators, and protective aerosols.

A bee, wasp or hornet sting will cause much more trouble for a child. These insects pierce the skin with a sting and inject poison into the body, which causes severe pain, swelling, edema. Such bites are also dangerous because if a child develops an allergy after the bite, the rash can quickly spread throughout the body, causing severe itching and painful sensations. At the same time, breathing problems, fainting, and even anaphylactic shock. For these reasons, in case of a bite, it is necessary to examine it, remove the sting, give the child an antihistamine and monitor his condition.

Childhood illnesses with skin rashes

Diseases that manifest themselves in this way can be very different in nature. Some go away on their own, even without any treatment, without particularly changing the baby’s well-being, while others are dangerous due to their complications and serious consequences, including fatal outcome. Read the information about what diseases a rash on a child’s body may indicate.

Disease	Symptoms
Chicken pox	Many chickenpox blisters appear throughout the body. They itch a lot and become crusty after a while.
	The rash appears along with fever and cold symptoms. The rashes from the face spread throughout the body, and after 5 days they begin to peel off and disappear.
Rubella	The child has been observed for several days elevated temperature, cough, sore throat. Then a pinpoint rash appears behind the ears, on the face, and then throughout the body. The number of red dots begins to decrease after 3 days.
Scarlet fever	The disease begins with fever, redness and sore throat. Then red spots appear on the child’s body. They are often located in places where the body naturally bends: in the groin, armpits, elbows and knees. Pinpoint rash appears on the face, with the exception of the nasolabial triangle.
Erythema infectiosum	With this disease, pink spots appear first on the face, and then on the arms and legs, which grow and merge into one spot. The rash goes away within 10 days.
	The infection occurs with a very high temperature, and a red rash spreads across the body slightly above the skin level.
	Small blisters with liquid appear on the lips and the skin around them, which gradually becomes cloudy, then the rash dries out.
Meningitis	There is a purple, star-shaped subcutaneous rash that does not go away with pressure. This is how bleeding from small vessels occurs that occurs with this disease. The baby's neck muscles tense, the temperature rises, drowsiness and photophobia appear. If you see at least one of these signs, you need to urgently take the child to the hospital. With meningitis, children who do not receive timely medical care may die within 24 hours.

Rash on a baby

In the first weeks after birth, the baby’s body undergoes active hormonal changes, and evidence of this can often be seen on its skin. Thus, many parents are forced to consult a doctor by a rash on the body of a newborn, which is called miliaria. This is a common occurrence in infants. At high temperatures, their sweat glands actively secrete sweat, and a small reddish rash appears in places of natural folds of the skin (in the groin, under the arms), often on the face and buttocks. The skin feels moist when touched.

Sweating is not dangerous illness and goes away over time, but we must remember that exposure to factors such as prolonged exposure to too hot clothes or a wet diaper can cause diaper rash in a baby. When caring for a newborn, a mother needs to be very attentive and notice changes in rashes. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that often the youngest may develop allergies to food, hygiene products, and clothing materials. At an age when their immunity is developing, children must be especially carefully protected from external irritants.

What to do if your child has a rash

If the baby's body is covered with a rash, you must immediately assess whether he has signs of an infectious infection, for example, high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, sore throat. Next, it is determined whether the rash is all over the child’s body or localized to certain areas of the skin, and what it looks like: in the form of spots, blisters with liquid, purulent formations, etc.

Such an examination will help you understand how urgently you need to show your baby to the doctor. Even if you are sure that the skin rash is an allergy after eating something, still consult a specialist. The doctor, having compared all the existing signs and symptoms, will dispel your fears or begin to treat the disease in a timely manner. If an infection is suspected, it is better to call a doctor at home, and, if possible, isolate the sick child in a separate room. Before the doctor arrives, it is advisable not to treat irritations with medications, so as not to complicate the diagnosis.

Video: skin rashes in children

Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and make treatment recommendations based on individual characteristics specific patient.

Found an error in the text? Select it, press Ctrl + Enter and we will fix everything!

Few parents know how to navigate well the main symptoms of children infectious diseases and allergic reactions. If red appears all over the body, then mom or dad usually doubt the reasons for the formation. Even experienced specialists sometimes cannot distinguish infectious and non-infectious rashes the first time. infectious origin. The cause must be determined as quickly as possible in order to provide timely and effective assistance to kid.

In medicine, skin rashes are called “exanthema”. At the doctor’s appointment, it is important to determine whether the child’s red rash is a consequence of an infectious infection or a skin disease (dermatosis). Specialists examine a small patient and note morphological features and other characteristics of exanthema. The first elements of the rash to form are spots, papules, blisters, and pustules.

Roseola and spots appear in a limited area of ​​the epidermis, differ in color from healthy skin, and may slightly rise above it. A large, patchy red or purple rash is called “erythema.” Nodules and papules resemble a small cone or hemisphere in shape without a cavity inside. Bubbles, blisters are cavity elements containing liquid inside. Shape - oval or round, color - from white to red.

If a child is covered with a red rash consisting of itchy nodules and blisters, then the cause may be allergic reactions. The irritants are chemical substances, microbes, protozoa, helminths, their toxins.

Inside the pustule there is a cavity filled with pus. Red dots and stars in the skin - hemorrhages - occur as a result of damage blood vessel. The primary elements of the rash evolve and instead of them there remain secondary ones - hyperpigmented or depigmented areas, scales, crusts, ulcers.

Infectious exanthemas

Viral, bacterial and fungal diseases, helminthiases are sometimes asymptomatic. Some don't need specific treatment. From the most dangerous infections babies are vaccinated according to national calendar vaccinations.

Classic childhood diseases are 6 infectious exanthems: 1. Measles. 2. Scarlet fever. 3. Rubella. 4. Infectious mononucleosis. 5. Erythema infectiosum. 6. Sudden exanthema (infantile roseola).

Acute inflammation in a child is often accompanied by fever. A typical rash on the body is formed due to diseases such as chickenpox, rubella, sudden exanthema, measles, scarlet fever. Lifelong immunity is formed to most pathogens of infectious exanthems; a person becomes immune to them.

You should call a doctor at home if:

• the body temperature of a sick baby is above 38–40°C;
• the rash spreads throughout the body, unbearable itching occurs;
• vomiting, convulsions, myalgia, confusion appear;
• the rash looks like numerous pinpoint and stellate hemorrhages;
• rashes are accompanied by swelling of the throat and difficulty breathing, asphyxia.

It is forbidden to squeeze out pustules, open blisters and blisters, or scratch scabs on the child’s body. It is necessary to ensure that the baby does not scratch the affected skin. Immediately before a doctor arrives or a visit to a specialist at a clinic, it is not recommended to lubricate the elements of the rash with brilliant green, Castellani liquid, or iodine.

Viral diseases with rash

Chickenpox

Are sick chicken pox children aged 2 to 5–10 years. During primary infection, the varicella zoster virus provokes the formation of a characteristic rash on the body, represented by itchy papules, watery blisters and drying crusts. Body temperature rises or remains normal.

Herpes zoster

The disease is caused by the chickenpox virus. A painful and itchy rash appears under the arms, on the chest, and in the groin folds. Red papules are located in groups and give rise to blisters.

Enteroviral disease

The rash appears 3–5 days after the end of the incubation period of the pathogen. Bright pink spots and nodules form on the body, differing from rubella rashes in children in a variety of shapes and sizes. Other signs of enterovirus infection: herpangina, fever, abdominal pain and headaches.

Infectious mononucleosis

Irregularly shaped spots are observed all over the body. The child has a fever, a sore throat, and an enlarged liver and spleen.

Measles

Round spots and nodules form after ears, then cover the entire body. The evolution of the rash consists of the appearance of peeling and disturbed pigmentation. Symptoms of measles also include fever, photophobia, conjunctivitis, and cough.

Rubella

Are increasing The lymph nodes on the neck, a small red rash forms on the child’s body (dotted, small-spotted). Changes skin occur against the background of low-grade fever or febrile temperature. First it covers the face, then the red spots spread to the whole body. The pink-red rash disappears without a trace on days 2–7 of illness.

A rash does not form in 30% of the total number of cases of rubella.

Erythema infectiosum

First, redness appears on the cheeks, reminiscent of slap marks. Then the ruby ​​rash spreads to the body. Gradually the color of the spots darkens.

Sudden exanthema

The causative agents of the disease are type 6 viruses herpes simplex. The onset is acute, then the temperature normalizes, and after 3–4 days red spots and papules form. The rash disappears without a trace within a day.

A streptococcal infection causes a small red rash to appear on a child's body. The disease is accompanied by tonsillitis and general intoxication. Roseola first forms on the cheeks, then the rash spreads to the torso and limbs. The initially bright elements of the rash gradually fade.

“Burning pharynx”, pale nasolabial triangle - differences between scarlet fever and other classic childhood infections.

Meningococcus

The rash forms in the first hours of the disease or the next day. Spots and nodules stand out against the background of pale skin and become even more noticeable when they turn into hemorrhages. The body temperature rises greatly, the child develops convulsions, lethargy, and confusion.

Felinosis

The disease occurs after a bite or scratch from a cat's claws and chlamydia penetration through the wound. Inflammatory suppuration of the lymph nodes begins. Initially, red, painless pimples are observed on the body. In their place, pustules form, which subsequently heal without the formation of scar tissue.

Pseudotuberculosis

The disease is caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Yersinia. With pseudotuberculosis, rashes appear from the second to the fifth day of illness (at the same time). A small red rash in a child is localized mainly on the sides of the body and in the groin folds. Bright red roseola, spots and nodules are located on the inflamed skin. A sick child experiences itching and swelling in the form of “gloves”, “socks”, “hood”. After the rash disappears, pigment spots and peeling remain.

Borreliosis (Lyme disease)

The causative agent of the disease, a bacterium of the genus Borrelia, is transmitted by ticks. First, a large ring-shaped erythema forms at the site of the bite. Later, a rash may appear in the form of a cluster of blisters.

Leishmaniasis cutaneous

The disease is caused by spirochetes transmitted by mosquitoes. Itchy papules appear on open areas of the skin. In their place, after a few months, ulcers that take a long time to heal appear, then scars remain.

Giardiasis

The causative agent of the disease is lamblia, simplest organism. A rash occurs anywhere on the body in the form of clusters of spots and papules. Skin manifestations are called “atopic dermatitis” (“a” - negation, “topos” - place, that is, not confined to a specific area of ​​the body). The child feels pain in the abdomen and does not eat well; tests can reveal biliary dyskinesia.

Redness of the skin, the appearance of a rash and itching are accompanied by helminthiases. Most often, roundworms, pinworms, and trichinella are found in children.

Scabies

A characteristic sign of the disease is a red rash on the child’s body without fever, but with severe itching. Small spots and blisters form between the fingers and on the wrists, in the navel area, on the face along the migration of the scabies mite in the stratum corneum of the skin. When sulfur ointment is applied to the affected areas, positive changes quickly occur.

The formation of blisters and other elements occurs after bites from mosquitoes, wasps, bees and other insects. Dermatitis in such cases develops on open parts bodies. Severe itching occurs, the child scratches the blisters and often develops a bacterial infection.

Pyoderma

Streptococci and staphylococci cause purulent-inflammatory skin lesions - pyoderma. This is how epidemic pemphigus of newborns, vesiculopustulosis, and pseudofurunculosis arise. Pyoderma can be complications atopic dermatitis. Large spots form - up to 4 cm. Pink or red rash elements are usually localized on the hands and face.

Non-infectious red rashes

Character allergic rashes varied: most often spots and blisters are flesh-colored or pink-red, medium or large in size. The rashes are located on the chin and cheeks, on the extremities; other parts of the body are less commonly affected. Allergies to food and medications are very common in pediatrics. If the effect of the irritating substance continues, the rash does not disappear; on the contrary, it increases.

There is a group of diseases of an infectious-allergic nature, for example, exudative erythema multiforme in children. Round spots and papules of pink or pink form on the body. light red color. Sometimes the elements merge, and peculiar “garlands” appear on the shoulders and chest.

The infectious form of erythema occurs as a reaction to herpes virus, ARVI, mycoplasma, pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and protozoal organisms.

The toxic-allergic form of erythema develops after treatment with antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and sulfonamide drugs. The trigger for this disease is sometimes associated with the administration of a serum or vaccine to the child. A severe type of erythema is characterized by the spread of the rash to the entire body and mucous membranes. Numerous round spots and pink-red nodules form.

Urticaria is the most common allergic lesion. Occurs after an irritating substance enters the child’s body immediately or after a few hours. Redness appears, itching occurs, then blisters and nodules, varying in shape and diameter, form on the same area of ​​the skin.

Red rash on the body of children with rheumatism, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, usually localized in the area of ​​the affected joints.

Allergic reactions must be prevented, and if not, they must be properly treated. In most cases, the rash disappears after taking it antihistamines or on its own, without treatment. However, a visit to a pediatrician and dermatologist may be required in cases where the cause of the rash is unknown, the child experiences severe itching, pain, and the elements occupy large areas of the skin.

Rash – reaction child's body for various changes: the appearance of allergies, the consequences of acute respiratory viral infections and others inflammatory process and other. Below the text will describe the causes of the rash on the child’s body, photos with explanations.

Rash on a child's body

A rash on a child’s body may appear for several reasons: of different nature. Most often these are consequences or signs of the baby’s painful conditions. It's important to note that the rash can't just appear. To find out the reasons, you need to visit a doctor.

It is for the reasons for the appearance that the types of rash are distinguished. Classification example:

Allergic rash in children photo

An allergic rash in children (pictured) can appear for various reasons: as a reaction to a new product in the child’s diet, or if the child has eaten too much of a product; for flowering of plants and shrubs; for various fragrances or aerosols for the home.

The main difference between an allergic rash and rashes associated with other diseases is general state child's body: fever appears extremely rarely, the child is active, and his appetite does not disappear. In general, the baby feels and behaves as usual.

If an allergic rash appears, you should consult a specialist. And parents also need to remember that something new has been introduced into the child’s life: a new product, some kind of medicine or vitamins, and perhaps they went somewhere on vacation, changed their place of stay. Present all the information to the doctor, and then simply act based on the recommendations for the child. In such cases, most often antihistamines are prescribed. IN mandatory everyone is excluded from the child’s life possible reasons the appearance of this allergy.

A child has a rash all over his body without fever

There can be many reasons for the appearance of this rash. Eg:

All these diseases in most cases are not accompanied by fever. But 99% have a rash. And parents shouldn't panic. A child’s rash all over the body without fever is just the child’s body’s response to the virus inside it.

Also, the cause of the appearance of a rash without fever can be the “classic” one:

or :

What is the correct behavior of parents in this case? Firstly, no panic; secondly, immediately call a doctor for examination; thirdly, it is imperative to monitor the child’s condition in the future and transfer everything to a specialist. And lastly, strictly follow all prescribed instructions from your doctor.

The reasons for the appearance of a small rash on a child’s body that looks like goosebumps (pictured):

Treatment for such a rash is prescribed by a specialist, based on the root cause of its appearance.

Rash due to enterovirus infection in children photo

This type of infection is especially dangerous for children. Why? is an infection of “dirty hands”. Namely, children, as you know, put everything “in their mouths”, try everything, and in most cases do not wash their hands. As a result - . In adults, the onset of this disease most often occurs only from an infected person through touch.

The rash in children (pictured) consists of many small and medium-sized bumps collected in small clusters.

The first to be affected are the mucous membranes, for example oral cavity. Then the rash spreads to the extremities (palms, hands, heels and ankles), then throughout the body. It is important that with this disease the child may experience vomiting and nausea. And areas of the skin where there is a rash, they itch terribly.

Treatment consists of reception antiviral drugs , of course, on the recommendation of a specialist after the examination. The course of each baby is different. Basically, the disease lasts no more than 5-7 days, then when proper treatment the child recovers and is fully restored.

Rash on a child's back

A rash on the back of a child is a common occurrence. The reasons for the appearance may be the following:

In every case, a rash is a sign of painful changes. The rash may have different character and appearance– small, large, in the form of papules, flattened, purulent or filled with liquid, etc.

Depending on the cause of the appearance, there will be appropriate treatment.

Rash on a child's stomach

The cause of a rash on a child’s stomach can be, like the most common heat rash, an allergic reaction, or the appearance of an infectious disease. So is the result of the course of a serious illness in the baby’s body.

In this case, it is better not to hope that this is just . Better call a pediatrician at home, based on the examination results, the doctor will prescribe treatment. Or he will general recommendations for child care so that the rash no longer bothers the baby.

Calling an ambulance medical care needed in the following cases:

• Observed sharp increase temperature after the appearance of a rash on the child’s stomach.
• The rash takes on the character of ulcers with discharge.
• The baby becomes lethargic, inactive, and drowsy.
• The appearance of a rash not only in the child, but also in other children or parents.