Treatment of pyelonephritis in children 3 years old. Signs of pyelonephritis in children, diagnostic methods, treatment and possible complications

Pyelonephritis is an infectious kidney disease that brings a lot of troubles to the child: frequent painful urination, pain in the lower back and lower abdomen, constant increase body temperature. The disease affects almost all structures of the kidney. Timely diagnosed pyelonephritis in children and its effective treatment will help restore kidney function and relieve babies from suffering.

Children's pyelonephritis in medicine is divided into primary and secondary. The first form is characterized by the absence of any abnormalities in the urinary system. In the secondary form of the disease, pathologies are detected urinary tract and kidneys. Against this background, the development of obstructive (urinary function is impaired) or non-obstructive (dysmetabolic disorders) pyelonephritis is possible.

The second classification divides the disease into acute and chronic forms. Acute pyelonephritis in children lasts a couple of months and is cured without further relapses. The chronic form of the disease progresses over six months with constant exacerbations. But there are cases when this form of pathology occurs latently, that is, it does not manifest itself in any way.

Symptoms of the disease

Signs of pyelonephritis depend on the form in which the disease occurs.

Acute form of pathology:

• Intoxication. The child’s body temperature rises to 40 degrees, chills appear, the heartbeat quickens, nausea and vomiting begin, and, as a result, weakening and dehydration of the body, and lack of appetite.
• Painful and frequent bowel movements. The baby often asks to go to the potty, grunts for a long time and only then pees, while writhing in pain and screaming. The urine begins to smell specific. Children under 3 years of age often complain of painful sensations in the lower abdomen.
• Regurgitation and bad stool . Symptoms of pyelonephritis in children often resemble gastrointestinal disorders. The baby is losing a fair amount of weight. This is especially dangerous for premature babies.
• Laboratory indicators. In children with pyelonephritis, leukocytes are increased in the urine and erythrocyturia occurs. Blood hemoglobin is low, neutrophils are high (this indicates the development of a bacterial infection).

Chronic form of pathology:

• Sometimes there is a dull, aching pain.
• The temperature does not rise above 37.5 degrees.
• The frequency of urination increases, the volume of urine is large, there is no pain.
• Sweating increases.
• Pyelonephritis in a child causes fatigue, irritability, and absent-minded attention, which causes lag in school.
• A urine test shows the presence of salts.
• There is slight intoxication of the body.

How does the disease manifest itself in newborns?

The causes of the disease in infants are congenital pathologies kidneys and urinary tract. Also, signs of pyelonephritis in a child under one year of age appear as a result of acute respiratory viral infection, bacterial or viral infection.

Symptoms of the disease in an infant:

• The temperature rises sharply to 39-40 degrees, convulsions are possible.
• Urination becomes either too frequent or, conversely, very rare.
• Urine smells bad, changes color, and becomes cloudy. Sometimes blood streaks are observed.
• Diarrhea and vomiting begin.
• The newborn does not sleep well, especially at night.
• During bowel movements, the baby cries or screams.

IN hidden form the pathology proceeds without manifesting itself in any way. In this form, the disease is recognized by doctors only through tests.

How does the disease affect a child's body?

The causes of pyelonephritis in children are bacteria, viruses, fungi. Their entry into the body and progression leads to inflammation. The main causative agent of the disease in babies is coli. Influenza viruses Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus are in second place in the activity of damaging children's organisms. The sources of infection in the body are: in girls – the vagina, in boys – the foreskin. The conducted route is often the large intestine.

Microorganisms enter the kidneys in the following ways:

1. By blood. This path is typical for infants. The pathogen moves to the kidneys from foci of infection in other organs.
2. Through the lymphatic pathways. This type of entry of microorganisms occurs in the case of constipation, diarrhea, dysbacteriosis and intestinal infections.
3. Ascending path. Such kidney damage is typical for children older than one year. Bacteria enter the organ through the urethra, anus, and genitals.

Diagnosing the disease in children

The doctor listens to all the patient’s complaints and prescribes a series of special analyzes. Diagnosis of pyelonephritis in children includes the following studies:

• general and chemical tests urine and blood;
• urine testing using Nichiporenko, Zimnitsky and other methods;
• tank culture, sediment analysis, urine enzymes;
• antibiogram;
• diuresis study;
• ultrasound of the urinary tract;
• analysis of fluid excreted by the kidneys for fungi and viruses;
• urine cytology;
• CT (computed tomography);
• study of bladder functions;
• cystography and urography.

After full examination To create a complete picture of the disease, the doctor prescribes treatment for the baby and, if necessary, hospitalization.

How is the disease treated in children?

Treatment of pyelonephritis in children is carried out only after an accurate diagnosis of the disease. After all, the symptoms of the pathology are sometimes confused with intestinal infection, chronic cystitis and other diseases. Infancy or an acute form of the disease causes the child to be hospitalized, and immediately.

Treatment acute pyelonephritis children are represented by the following activities:

1. Sticking to a diet. It is recommended to eat according to table No. 5 according to Pevzner. Salt is allowed to be consumed in moderation, while increasing daily dose water by 50%. It is necessary to exclude from the diet all spices, fatty, spicy, smoked foods. The consumption of protein and plant foods is encouraged. The diet is part of a large set of procedures used to treat dysmetabolic pyelonephritis.
2. Strict bed rest is indicated for a child with pyelonephritis who has a fever and complains of pain in the abdomen and lower back. If there is no fever or pain, the baby is allowed to move around the ward. Next, doctors will allow short walks around the hospital premises.
3. Antibacterial therapy. This procedure is the most important point in the treatment of pathology. It is carried out in stages. Until the results of the study are received, the most effective drug against the most common pathogens. After a urine test, a drug is prescribed that can defeat the identified virus or bacteria.
4. Uroantiseptics. Pyelonephritis in children is also treated with drugs that kill microbes, stop their growth, thereby disinfecting the urinary tract. The product is not an antibiotic.
5. They also get rid of acute pyelonephritis in children by treating with antispasmodics, antipyretics, non-steroidal drugs against inflammation.

The baby is in the hospital for a month, in rare cases a little longer. After discharge, he is referred to a pediatrician for observation. Once a month it is necessary to take a control urine test, and twice a year to do an ultrasound of the kidneys. Herbal medicine is prescribed after the end of taking uroantiseptics. A child is deregistered only after 5 years. This is done provided that the symptoms no longer appear and the urine test is always normal.

Treatment chronic form Diseases are carried out according to the same principle as its acute form. How to treat chronic pyelonephritis in children? Doctors conduct an examination and select the necessary medical procedures: diet, medications, surgery and others. During the period of remission, the convalescent must undergo a course of antibiotic treatment and take uroseptics. Children who have been diagnosed with a chronic form of the disease are observed by a pediatrician and nephrologist before being transferred to an adult clinic.

What are the consequences of ignoring treatment for a disease?

Complications of pyelonephritis in children are possible in case of untimely treatment, incorrect or insufficient course of drugs. Severe consequences in the chronic form, pathologies develop due to impaired renal function. In acute pyelonephritis, complications arise as a result of purulent inflammation and infections.

Preventive measures for pyelonephritis

If kidney function is restored and there are no causes of pathology, pyelonephritis will no longer bother the baby. But for this it is necessary to observe a number of preventive measures:

• do not let the child become hypothermic;
• watch your urination - it should be frequent;
• the baby needs proper nutrition, healthy sleep, sufficient fluids and vitamins;
• strengthen children's immunity: walk more, get stronger, play sports;
• Make sure your child follows the rules of intimate hygiene;
• Follow all doctor’s recommendations, conduct examinations and take all control tests in a timely manner.

Pyelonephritis in children, symptoms and treatment shows how serious and dangerous this disease is.

A well-chosen clinic with professional doctors will help the baby get rid of the disease without complications and without harm to health.

Pyelonephritis in children is an inflammatory process of the kidneys caused by infection. Pathology is one of the four most common childhood diseases (together with infectious diseases, diseases of the digestive and respiratory system). Children under 7 years of age are most susceptible to pyelonephritis. Moreover, girls get sick 3 times more often than boys. This fact is related to the features female body. The urethra in girls is wider, which allows bacteria to enter the bladder and into the kidneys.

There are two forms of pathology: chronic and acute. Acute pyelonephritis is accompanied elevated temperature, chills, headache, nausea. Pyelonephritis in older children often occurs with pain in the lumbar region, which appears constantly or periodically, sometimes radiating to the groin area. The chronic form is an untreated acute process that occurs with periodic exacerbations (symptoms are the same as with acute illness) and asymptomatic periods.

There are two types of pyelonephritis:

• Secondary. Occurs as a result of stagnation of urine caused by pathological changes genitourinary system (congenital anomalies structure of the kidneys or bladder).
• Primary. Its appearance is not associated with residual fluid in the bladder, but is caused by other reasons (infection entering through the urethra or through the blood).

Contents of the article:

Reasons for the development of the disease

The baby's body is not able to resist many bacteria. In addition, children under 4 years of age are physiologically unable to completely empty their bladder. Residual fluid in the bladder favors the growth of bacteria. Often the source of infection becomes some chronic lesion: tonsillitis, caries, etc.

What can cause pyelonephritis in children:

• Intrauterine infection.
• An infection that has entered the kidneys along with blood from other areas of inflammation.
• An ascending infection that has ascended to the kidneys through the urethra.
• Weak immunity.
• Long-term use of antibiotics.
• Chronic diseases.
• Diseases of the urinary system.

– nonspecific microbial inflammatory lesion renal parenchyma and pyelocaliceal system. Pyelonephritis in children occurs with pain syndrome in the lumbar region, dysuric disorders ( frequent urges urination, pain, urinary incontinence), increased body temperature, intoxication. Diagnosis of pyelonephritis in children includes a blood test (clinical, biochemical analysis) and urine (general analysis, culture), ultrasound of the urinary system, assessment of urodynamics, intravenous urography, etc. In the treatment of pyelonephritis in children, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant therapy, and herbal medicine are used.

General information

Pyelonephritis in children is an inflammatory process involving the pyelocaliceal system, tubules and interstitium of the kidneys. In terms of prevalence, pyelonephritis ranks second after ARVI in children, and there is a close relationship between these diseases. Thus, in pediatric urology, every 4th case of pyelonephritis in a child early age is a complication of acute respiratory infection. The largest number of cases of pyelonephritis in children is registered in preschool age. Acute pyelonephritis is diagnosed 3 times more often in girls, which is due to the peculiarity of the female anatomy of the lower urinary tract (a wider and shorter urethra).

Causes of pyelonephritis in children

The most common etiological agent causing pyelonephritis in children is Escherichia coli; also with bacteriological culture Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, intracellular microorganisms (mycoplasma, chlamydia), etc. are found in urine.

Infectious agents can enter the kidneys by hematogenous, lymphogenous, or urinogenic (ascending) routes. Hematogenous introduction of pathogens most often occurs in children of the first year of life (with purulent omphalitis in newborns, pneumonia, tonsillitis, pustular skin diseases, etc.). In older children, ascending infection predominates (with dysbacteriosis, colitis, intestinal infections, vulvitis, vulvovaginitis, balanoposthitis, cystitis, etc.). A major role in the development of pyelonephritis in children is played by incorrect or insufficient hygiene care for the child.

Conditions predisposing to the occurrence of pyelonephritis in children may be structural or functional abnormalities, disrupting the passage of urine: birth defects kidney development, vesicoureteral reflux, neurogenic bladder, urolithiasis. Children with malnutrition, rickets, and hypervitaminosis D are more at risk of developing pyelonephritis; fermentopathy, dismetabolic nephropathy, helminthic infestations, etc. Manifestation or exacerbation of pyelonephritis in children, as a rule, occurs after intercurrent infections (ARVI, chickenpox, measles, scarlet fever, mumps, etc.), causing a decrease in the overall resistance of the body.

Classification

Diagnostics

If pyelonephritis in a child is first identified by a pediatrician, a mandatory consultation with a pediatric nephrologist or pediatric urologist is necessary. Complex laboratory diagnostics for pyelonephritis in children includes a clinical blood test, biochemical blood test (urea, total protein, protein fractions, fibrinogen, CRP), general urine analysis, urine pH, quantitative samples (according to Nechiporenko, Addis-Kakovsky, Amburge, Zimnitsky), urine culture for flora with an antibiogram, biochemical urine analysis. If necessary, studies are carried out to identify infectious agents PCR methods, ELISA. Important for pyelonephritis in children, it is necessary to assess the rhythm and volume of spontaneous urination and control diuresis.

Mandatory instrumental examination for children with pyelonephritis, it involves ultrasound of the kidneys (ultrasound of the bladder if necessary), ultrasound of renal blood flow. To exclude obstructive uropathy, which is often the cause of pyelonephritis in children, it may be necessary to perform excretory urography, urodynamic studies, dynamic scintigraphy kidneys, renal angiography, CT scan of the kidneys and other additional studies.

Differential diagnosis of pyelonephritis in children must be carried out with glomerulonephritis, appendicitis, cystitis, adnexitis, and therefore children may need to consult a pediatric surgeon or pediatric gynecologist; conducting a rectal examination, ultrasound of the pelvic organs.

Treatment of pyelonephritis in children

Complex therapy of pyelonephritis involves drug therapy, organization of proper drinking regime and nutrition for children.

IN acute period bed rest, a plant-protein diet, and an increase in water load by 50% compared to the age norm are prescribed. The basis for the treatment of pyelonephritis in children is antibiotic therapy, for which cephalosporins (cefuroxime, cefotaxime, cefpirome, etc.), β-lactams (amoxicillin), and aminoglycosides (gentamicin, amikacin) are used. After completing the antibacterial course, uroantiseptics are prescribed: derivatives of nitrofuran (nitrofurantoin) and quinoline (nalidixic acid).

To enhance renal blood flow and eliminate inflammatory products and microorganisms, fast-acting diuretics (furosemide, spironolactone) are indicated. For pyelonephritis, children are recommended to take NSAIDs, antihistamines, antioxidants, immunocorrectors.

The duration of treatment for acute pyelonephritis in children (or exacerbation of a chronic process) is 1-3 months. The criterion for eliminating inflammation is the normalization of clinical and laboratory parameters. Outside of exacerbation of pyelonephritis in children, herbal medicine with antiseptic and diuretic preparations, taking alkaline mineral water, massage, exercise therapy, sanatorium treatment.

Prognosis and prevention

Acute pyelonephritis in children ends full recovery in 80% of cases. Complications and deaths possible in rare cases, mainly in weakened children with concomitant pathology. The outcome of chronic pyelonephritis in 67-75% of children is progression pathological process in the kidneys, an increase in nephrosclerotic changes, the development of chronic renal failure. Children who have suffered acute pyelonephritis are observed by a nephrologist for 3 years with monthly monitoring of a general urine test. Examinations by a pediatric otolaryngologist and dentist are required once every 6 months.

Prevention of pyelonephritis in children is associated with compliance with hygiene measures, prevention of dysbacteriosis and acute intestinal infections, elimination of chronic inflammatory foci and strengthening the body's resistance. The timing of preventive vaccination is determined individually. After any infection in children, it is necessary to conduct a urine test. To prevent the development of chronic pyelonephritis in children, acute urinary infections should be adequately treated.

Acute pyelonephritis in children is a common disease of the renal pelvis. The pathogenic mechanism is based on urinary tract infection various types bacterial flora. The most common bacteria isolated during urine culture are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus and Escherichia coli. The peak incidence occurs in early ages under 5 years. In girls, acute pyelonephritis is diagnosed 3 times more often than in boys. This is due to the feature anatomical structure descending urinary tract. According to the frequency of cases of diagnosed diseases in Russian Federation acute pyelonephritis in children under 7 years of age is in second place. More often, children suffer only from acute respiratory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. But there is a certain relationship here too.

According to statistics, every 4th case of ARVI in young children causes complications in the form of inflammation of the renal pelvis. Therefore, during the treatment of a cold, a general urine test is necessary.

In the absence of adequate therapy, the disease can progress to chronic pyelonephritis in children. In this case, the infection remains in renal structures. With a slight decrease in the body's resistance, a relapse of pyelonephritis develops with complete clinical picture.

Why does pyelonephritis occur in a child?

Pyelonephritis in a child can only occur under the influence of pathogenic microflora. This disease is characterized purulent inflammation renal pelvis. The process may be unilateral or affect both kidneys.

The main causes of pyelonephritis:

• acute colds;
• frequent;
• rheumatism;
• hypothermia of the body;
• incomplete emptying of the bladder during urination;
• lack of personal hygiene;
• decreased immunity;
• intrauterine infection of the fetus from the mother;
• outbreaks chronic infection, including .

It is especially worth noting the fact that in children under 5 years of age, urine does not have its own antibacterial properties. This contributes rapid spread urinary tract infections. Children at this age do not have the ability to completely empty their bladder. The frequency of cases of diagnosis of pyelonephritis in children increases in adolescence. At this time, the infection enters renal pelvis upward path from the genitals.

The first signs of pyelonephritis in children

It is not easy even for an experienced pediatrician to consider the first signs of pyelonephritis in children. This is an insidious disease that can masquerade as a common cold. The main signs of pyelonephritis are associated with manifestations of general intoxication of the baby’s body. At newborn age intrauterine infection kidney disease, the only symptom is prolonged yellowing of the skin. Unfortunately, the baby and child in younger age cannot reliably assess his condition and indicate unpleasant symptoms in the lumbar region or pain when urinating. Therefore, the diagnosis is often made only after a urine test.

At an older age, the first signs of pyelonephritis in children may be:

• weakness;
• headache;
• heaviness in the lower back;
• frequent urination;
• a sharp persistent increase in body temperature;
• nausea and vomiting;
• dryness of mucous membranes and skin membranes.

If any manifestations from the above list occur, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Reliable symptoms of pyelonephritis in children and diagnosis

Symptoms of pyelonephritis in children usually appear immediately after the onset of the disease:

• body temperature rises sharply to 39-40°C;
• vomiting and general weakness appear;
• the child's body becomes covered with sticky sweat;
• the frequency of urination increases 2-3 times;
• urine color and smell changes;
• Pain appears above the pubis and in the area of ​​the lower ribs on the back.

Upon examination it is revealed:

• rapid pulse;
• painful palpation of the upper abdomen;
• positive Pasternatsky sign (when a light blow is made to the area where the kidneys are located with the edge of the palm, the child shudders and feels pain);
• blood pressure is slightly higher than normal.

A general blood and urine test, a biochemical blood test for urea and creatinine are prescribed. To clarify the type of pathogenic microflora and determine sensitivity to antibiotics, bacterial culture urine.

A general urine test reveals bacteriuria, a high content of leukocytes and epithelial cells. In severe cases, hematuria may occur. The density of urine is reduced, protein is not detected.

Treatment of pyelonephritis in children

Treatment of pyelonephritis in children, depending on the severity of the condition, is carried out in a hospital or at home under the supervision of a local pediatrician. The basis of treatment is antibacterial therapy. Antibiotics are used wide range actions and preparations of nalidixic acid, which have a pronounced urological septic effect. The drug of choice is nevigramon or nitroxoline. From antibacterial drugs The use of amoxiclav or augmentin is recommended.

Symptomatic therapy is used, aimed at reducing body temperature and relieving intoxication syndrome. Intensifying drinking regime. If diuresis is delayed, diuretics can be recommended.

The prognosis for life with pyelonephritis in children is favorable. Usually all symptoms disappear within 7-10 days. However, after recovery, it is recommended to undergo regular examinations with a nephrologist at least 2 times a year.

Pyelonephritis in children is one of the common diseases. In younger children, this pathology and ARVI are very closely related. Approximately every fourth case of this disease occurs as a result of acute respiratory infections. Rapidly spreading through the urinary tract, the current process of inflammation affects the kidney tissue.

Children different years may be subject to this formidable anomaly. In older girls, this disease develops more often. The reasons are hidden in the features of the structure genitourinary tract, since the urination channel in girls is shorter and wider. Boys have fewer barriers to the spread of infection.

Causes of pathology

Pyelonephritis is often recognized in a preschool child. After identifying this disease, the cause must be urgently found.

The main causes of the disease are:

1. Kidney tissue can be affected by various pathogenic microorganisms; bacteriological culture of urine reveals: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and other viruses. Pathogenic microorganisms and viruses can enter the kidneys in all sorts of ways: blood vessels, along the walls of the ureter, from the bladder along the lumen of the ureter. If several pathogens enter a child’s body at the same time, chronic pyelonephritis may develop.
2. Diseases suffered in childhood such as pneumonia or otitis may be the cause of this pathology.
3. Bacterial endocarditis or sepsis causes the symptoms of this disease to arise in adolescents; the pathogenic microorganism penetrates from the intestine to the kidney through lymphatic system. This occurs with intestinal infections, diarrhea in a child suffering from chronic constipation and dysbacteriosis.
4. Infection often occurs through the genital area, anus, urethra or bladder. Such infection actively manifests itself in girls 3–5 summer age. Microorganisms can enter urethra, however, in healthy children the immune system does not allow such an inflammatory process to develop. However, any acute or chronic illness reduces the body's immune strength.
5. Foci of infections that are in the body long term, hypothermia, worms, diabetes, quite often give rise to this insidious disease.
6. A disease of the genitourinary area, as well as poor hygiene, can provoke pyelonephritis.
7. After a long time inflammatory process a symptom of this disease often appears in the area of ​​the external genitalia.

Forms of this disease

Kidney disease specialists distinguish two forms of pyelonephritis: acute and chronic.

What is acute pyelonephritis in children? Children with an acute form of pathology usually recover after 1.5 months, and test data return to normal.

Chronic pyelonephritis. This form lasts approximately six months, during which time there is a possibility of other exacerbations. Periodically, a deviation from the norm is detected in urine tests in a child. Also, the current disease helps provoke symptoms of bacterial asthenia in the patient. The child experiences irritability, fatigue, and learning delays. This form of the disease, which manifests itself in childhood, slows down physical and psychomotor development.

Symptoms of pyelonephritis

Symptoms of pyelonephritis in children are very different. Their manifestation is influenced by the severity of inflammation and the presence of parallel diseases, but the main ones are:

1. Increased body temperature, fever is common feature for all cases of pathology. Sometimes the temperature rises for no reason to 38-39 degrees.
2. There may be loss of appetite, drowsiness, and the child may complain of weakness and frequent headaches.
3. Nausea, vomiting, and muted pain in the abdomen and side are noted.
4. Blue circles are noticed under the eyes, the skin turns pale.
5. The child experiences obvious discomfort when urinating, as he feels a burning sensation and pain.
6. The urination pattern is disrupted: it becomes rare, perhaps more frequent, although fluid is consumed in sufficient quantities. In some cases, urinary incontinence occurs.
7. In infants, the course of pyelonephritis is characterized by a slight increase in weight.
8. The smell of urine becomes quite pungent and the color changes from yellow to bright orange.

Pyelonephritis is especially severe in newborns and children infancy, since they cannot complain of disturbing pain, which makes it difficult to diagnose the disease; it is characterized by a nonspecific clinical picture and general symptoms intoxication. Clear signs pyelonephritis is an increase in body temperature to 39-40 degrees, convulsions, vomiting, regurgitation are possible, the baby refuses the breast. Pale and marbled skin tone. Lips turn a little blue. An unhealthy child experiences insufficient weight gain or loss, and in some cases, weight loss. The child cries often and is constantly restless.

Parents need to remember that any ailments of their children should be examined by a specialist doctor. Abnormal bowel movements, fever, and vomiting may be misinterpreted as intestinal infections. To clarify the diagnosis of pyelonephritis, the doctor prescribes necessary tests. General analysis urine is prescribed to children with fever. In this disease, the content of leukocytes in the urine increases markedly, bacteria and protein levels are detected. Laboratory examination methods are designed to detect pathogens of the disease in order to select appropriate treatment methods.

In addition to laboratory tests, great value have ultrasonic X-ray methods examinations and angiography help to identify anatomical abnormalities that provoke the onset of the disease. This disease requires prompt and effective treatment. If upon detection acute form If the treatment course slows down, the infection will rapidly spread and lead to the development of purulent processes. In the long-term chronic form, kidney function is impaired and chronic renal failure may develop.

If an exacerbation of pyelonephritis is detected in children, treatment should be carried out exclusively in inpatient conditions. Symptoms and treatment go extremely well if a urology specialist takes care of it. The doctor will do everything to avoid complications of the disease; he will monitor the dynamics clinical tests, conduct additional examinations and will select more effective ways treatment.

A child being treated in a hospital needs to have his blood pressure measured every day. Special attention should be given attention to changes blood pressure in a patient with a chronic form of the disease. Often such a case confirms the joining renal failure. Pathogenic bacteria can only be combated with the help of antibacterial drugs.

The result of a urine test for sensitivity to antibiotics will help you choose effective medicines, non-toxic to the genitourinary system. Treatment lasts for one month. Together with antibacterial therapy within two weeks, the doctor prescribes antiseptic drugs for the urinary tract to the patient, which destroy pathogenic bacteria, but do not belong to the group of antibiotics. At the initial stage of the course of treatment, antipyretic drugs and antispasmodics are used. Antioxidant therapy and various vitamins are prescribed as usual. Children need bed rest; they can only move around the ward. With normal dynamics, after a week you are allowed to walk around the hospital grounds for 30–60 minutes.

Treatment method using medicinal herbs

Along with the use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of pyelonephritis, drugs are widely used traditional medicine. There are a lot medicinal herbs, which have a healing effect on the functioning of the kidneys and help eliminate the disease. The advantage of this effect on the disease is that there are absolutely no contraindications to taking medicinal herbs. An exceptional limitation is a special intolerance to certain herbs.

The most effective diuretics medicinal herbs, from which you can prepare decoctions: lingonberries, corn silk, birch leaves, aspen leaves, flax seeds, elderberry. To treat this pathology, it is necessary to use diuretics, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory herbs to remove microorganisms and viruses from the body, which increase during stagnation of urine. Herbal treatment helps to normalize physical and mental health.

With this pathology, prevention is aimed at the general health of the child and, therefore, at eliminating the causes that contribute to the occurrence of infection in the urinary canal.

To do this, the following conditions must be met:

• Parents need to observe basic hygiene rules and teach their children to follow them.
• It is necessary to maintain a drinking regime.
• It is necessary to ensure that the child drinks enough and constantly empties the bladder.
• Influenza, sore throat and other inflammatory diseases that cause complications on the kidneys should be treated urgently.
• Children with pyelonephritis should be seen by a dentist, and if caries is present, it should be treated immediately.
• We need to fight chronic diseases, such as: diabetes, inflammation of the gallbladder and others.
• If the doctor insists on removing tonsils or adenoids, because of their chronic inflammation and the possibility of a risk of exacerbation of pyelonephritis, it is worth listening to the advice of a specialist and agreeing on surgical intervention.
• Don't forget to constantly improve immune system and maintain a sleep and rest schedule.
• Parents need to teach their child proper nutrition, introduce into the diet natural products, juices, cottage cheese and others dairy products, exclude hot and spicy foods.
• Shown spa treatments and prevention.
• It is necessary to protect the child from drafts and hypothermia.
• Strengthen children all year round.

Approximately 80% of cases of acute pyelonephritis in children result in absolute recovery. Complications and mortality are possible very rarely, mainly in very weak children with concomitant diseases. The consequence of the chronic form of the disease in 65-75% of children is an intensification of the abnormal process in the kidneys, an exacerbation of nephrosclerotic changes.

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