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Acute conjunctivitis symptoms. Acute conjunctivitis: causes, treatment

Conjunctivitis, or inflammation of the mucous membrane of the sclera and the inner surface of the eyelids, accounts for about a third of all ophthalmic diseases. The cause is most often an infection, but the inflammatory process can also be aseptic. How to treat conjunctivitis in an adult? Local medications are usually used, and systemic therapy is sometimes prescribed. You need to consult a doctor in a timely manner, at the first signs of a pathological process, since an advanced disease is fraught with irreversible deterioration of vision.

What is conjunctivitis?

The mucous membrane of the eye protects it from external adverse influences, so it often becomes infected pathogenic microflora, viruses, and is also exposed to injury. When the conjunctiva is damaged or contacted by bacteria and other infectious agents, the mucous membrane becomes inflamed due to allergies. This process is accompanied by unpleasant and painful sensations, secretion of mucus or pus, and redness. Both eyes are usually affected, since the infection quickly spreads from the infected to the healthy one.

Photo of the eyes of an adult patient with viral conjunctivitis

The photo of conjunctivitis in an adult shows characteristic external symptoms in the form of hyperemia, swelling of the eyelids and discharge. Depending on the cause and severity of the inflammatory process, they may be accompanied by hypo- and entropion, corneal perforation, scarring, film formation and other pathological signs. Often conjunctivitis is accompanied by other inflammatory eye diseases - keratitis, blepharitis, dry eye syndrome. If left untreated, they lead to decreased visual acuity and partial loss.

Classification

Conjunctivitis is divided primarily into endo- and exogenous. The second is a consequence of infection of the mucous membrane with an etiological agent, and endogenous ones are secondary. That is, in in this case inflammation of the conjunctiva develops against the background of other infectious diseases: chickenpox, tuberculosis, rubella, respiratory infections.

In accordance with the cause that caused the inflammatory process, the following types of conjunctivitis are distinguished:

Bacterial, provoked by pneumococci, gonococci, diphtheria bacillus, streptococci and other microorganisms.
Chlamydial, which is called trachoma or paratrachoma. Unlike others bacterial infections, treatment of conjunctivitis in adults in this case requires the additional use of systemic drugs (tetracycline, erythromycin and others).
Viral, caused by herpes viruses, adenoviruses, a representative of the smallpox group of viruses - molluscum contagiosum.
Fungal, resulting from candidiasis, actinomycosis, aspergillosis, sporotrichosis and other diseases of fungal etiology.
Non-infectious conjunctivitis that develops against the background of an allergic reaction (with hay fever, for example) or autoimmune pathologies - gout, psoriasis, sarcoidosis, etc.
Traumatic - a consequence of thermal, mechanical or chemical damage to the mucous membrane.
Metastatic, occurring in common diseases.

In addition, inflammation of the conjunctiva is divided into acute, subacute and chronic according to the type of course, and according to its form - into catarrhal, purulent, follicular and membranous.

What can cause conjunctivitis?

The cause of inflammation of bacterial etiology is infection through contact and household contact, when bacteria enter the mucous membrane due to rubbing the eyes with hands, using contaminated towels, and cosmetics. In this case, the conjunctiva becomes infected with representatives of opportunistic microflora (strepto- and staphylococci, coli), and specific pathogens.

Chlamydial conjunctivitis is often observed in newborns who become infected while passing through birth canal mother. In adults, the cause of the pathological process is the presence of an infection of the genitourinary system (urethritis or prostatitis in men, cervicitis and vaginitis in women) in combination with an active sexual life.

Viral inflammation is a consequence of infection with adenoviruses of various types, entroviruses, as well as herpes simplex or herpes zoster viruses, chickenpox. The infectious agent is usually transmitted through household contact or airborne droplets. As in the case of chlamydia, they are prescribed additionally systemic drugs for the treatment of conjunctivitis in adults.

Fungal conjunctivitis develops against the background of damage to the body by molds or fungi of the genus Candida, actinomycetes and other pathogens.

Systemic allergic reactions to drugs, chemical compounds, food, pollen, demodex mites and other allergens are the cause of non-infectious allergic conjunctivitis. Non-infectious inflammation of the conjunctiva also develops due to injury, irritation by aggressive factors (dust, ultraviolet radiation, smoke, including tobacco, etc.), autoimmune diseases, spasm of accommodation, metabolic disorders.

Symptoms, diagnosis and consequences of conjunctivitis

Symptoms of the inflammatory process may vary depending on the infectious agent and the form of the course. However, there are a number of general signs by which this disease can be diagnosed:

redness of the cornea;
swelling of the eyelids;
lacrimation;
photophobia;
pain, burning, stinging and other uncomfortable sensations (“sand” or “foreign body” in the eye);
mucous or purulent discharge, due to which the eye “sticks together” by the morning;
blepharospasm.

The primary diagnosis is made based on examination, subjective complaints and anamnesis. To identify specific reason various laboratory methods are used: cytoscopy, culture, allergy and instillation tests, etc. It may also be required additional consultation allergist, infectious disease specialist, otolaryngologist and other specialized specialists.

If you consult a doctor in a timely manner and use the appropriate remedy for conjunctivitis in adults, the inflammation usually goes away without any negative consequences. If there is no treatment, the disease progresses and is joined by other pathologies and secondary lesions of the cornea. In this case, visual acuity is irreversibly reduced, and partial loss is also possible.

How to treat adult conjunctivitis at home

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye does not require hospitalization, so treatment is carried out at home, on an outpatient basis. To cure conjunctivitis quickly and without negative consequences, you must consult an ophthalmologist, undergo all the necessary examinations and strictly follow the instructions.

Therapy may include:

washing the conjunctival cavity;
the use of topical medications - eye drops or ointments for conjunctivitis (means antibacterial, fungicidal, antiviral, antiallergic, vasoconstrictor drugs, corticosteroids);
use of systemic antimicrobial or antiviral drugs.

In some cases, subconjunctival injections may be required, which are performed by a doctor after cleansing the eye and applying local anesthesia. As for alternative medicine, any folk remedies for conjunctivitis (rinsing with decoctions medicinal plants, for example) can only be used in consultation with an ophthalmologist as an auxiliary one.

During treatment of the inflammatory process, it is strictly forbidden to apply bandages to the eyes. They contribute to the development of complications in the form of keratitis, for example, and impede the outflow of mucous or purulent discharge. It is also prohibited to wear contact lenses with conjunctivitis, since they increase discomfort, provoke clouding of the cornea and become a “reservoir” for pathogenic microorganisms.

Washing

This procedure is carried out to cleanse the eye of secretions; in addition, the solutions used for this purpose have an antiseptic effect and speed up recovery. Furacilin is most often used in tablets, which are dissolved in warm boiled water before use (100 ml per 1 tablet). A ready-made pharmaceutical solution is not suitable because it is alcohol-based. You need to rinse the eye several times a day with a swab, pipette or syringe without a needle so that the liquid flows to the inner corner of the eye. You can also use an infusion of black tea or chamomile.

Eye drops for conjunctivitis

Main article: Best antiviral drops for eyes for adults

Liquid dosage form is the most convenient to use. As eye drops local drugs for various purposes are produced - antimicrobial, antihistamine, vasoconstrictor, antiviral, etc. Based on the cause of the disease, the ophthalmologist may prescribe:

Albucid (aka sulfacetamide, sulfacyl sodium 20%) - cheap effective drops for conjunctivitis. Active ingredient is a sulfonamide antibiotic with a broad spectrum of action. You need to drip up to 6 times a day, 2 drops into each conjunctival sac. This drug is prescribed even before the etiology of the inflammatory process is clarified; it has a minimum side effects and contraindications.
Levomycetin for conjunctivitis in the form of 0.25% drops is another inexpensive drug that is active against a wide range of pathogens. An additional advantage is that strains resistant to sulfonamides and tetracycline are also sensitive to this antibiotic.
Dex-Gentamicin is a combination drug containing the antibiotic gentamicin and the glucocorticosteroid dexamethasone. This combination provides antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antihistamine effects for bacterial and allergic (with the addition of a microbial infection) conjunctivitis.
Various eye drops for conjunctivitis caused by bacteria, based on the aminoglycoside antibiotic tobramycin (Tobrex, Tobropt).
Drops for ophthalmomycosis (fungal infection) are prepared in a pharmacy according to a prescription based on natamycin, amphotericin-B. Local treatment must be combined with systemic antifungal agents.
Viral conjunctivitis is treated with drugs in the form of drops such as Ophthalmoferon, Poludan, Actipol, interferon solution. Additional oral administration of Acyclovir is indicated.
At allergic variety diseases for the treatment of conjunctivitis at home, Azelastine, Olopatadine, Levocabastine are indicated. In severe cases, drops with the glucocorticosteroid dexamethasone or the NSAID diclofenac.

To eliminate the risk of re-infection, it is necessary to wash your hands as often as possible (especially before and after the instillation procedure), store medications in sterile conditions, and use clean pipettes.

Ointment for conjunctivitis in adults

Like drops, this dosage form is intended for the treatment of various types of inflammation of the conjunctiva:

For bacterial infections, tetracycline 1% ointment is often prescribed. The antibiotic tetracycline is antimicrobial against most pathogens bacterial conjunctivitis, including chlamydia (in the latter case, treatment of conjunctivitis in adults at home is supplemented with oral tablets of the same name). Ointments based on erythromycin and gentamicin are also indicated.
Inflammation of viral etiology is treated with Acyclovir, Tebrofen, Bonafton ointments in accordance with the specific type of virus that caused the disease.
Local antifungal agents include ointments based on nystatin and ketoconazole, which are prepared directly in the pharmacy.
Among antiallergic ointments, a medicine for conjunctivitis in adults with dexamethasone is used.

After washing, ointments are placed behind the lower eyelid, usually once a day before bedtime. In some cases, it is recommended to perform the procedure several times a day.

Do they give an adult sick leave with conjunctivitis?

Since it takes some time to determine the cause of inflammation, and its bacterial and especially viral varieties are very contagious, a temporary sick leave certificate is issued for at least 3 days. Then, based on the results of the analysis, treatment is prescribed, for which, if necessary, the sick leave is extended. Particular attention is paid to persons working in the catering sector and in child care institutions.

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Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes, which can occur due to various reasons. They enter the conjunctival sac and cause inflammatory reactions. To quickly cope with conjunctivitis, you need to familiarize yourself with its symptoms, types and principles of treatment.

Classification

There are several classifications of conjunctivitis depending on the cause of inflammation.

Due to the occurrence

Types of disease depending on the cause of inflammation:

Bacterial– caused by pathogenic microorganisms (streptococci, gonococci, diphtheria bacilli, etc.).
Chlamydial– occurs when chlamydia enters the conjunctival sac.
Angular– develops under the influence of diplobacillus. It is also called angular conjunctivitis.
Fungal– manifests itself as a result of the proliferation of pathogenic fungi.
Viral– caused by a variety of viruses (herpes virus, adenovirus).
Allergic– develops under the influence of an allergic factor.
Dystrophic– occurs under the influence of substances that are aggressive to the mucous membranes of the eyes (paint and varnish material, chemical reagents).

By type of inflammation

Depending on the type of inflammation, conjunctivitis can be acute or chronic. Acute conjunctivitis has one type - epidemic conjunctivitis.

By type of morphology changes

Classification according to the type of changes in the morphology of the mucous membrane of the eyes:

Catarrhal- secretion of mucus.
Purulent- formation of pus.
Papillary– the appearance of compactions in the upper eyelid area.
Hemorrhagic- the appearance of hemorrhages.
Follicular- appearance of follicles.
Filmy– appears against the background of acute respiratory infections.

Each type of conjunctivitis manifests itself differently and has symptoms characteristic of a specific form of the disease.

Causes of conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis can occur due to the action of certain factors that cause inflammatory reactions. It can be:

Infections. They are caused by pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms, chlamydia, fungi and viruses.
Allergy. Allergic reactions can occur as a result of wearing lenses, drinking medicines.
Other factors. This includes dust, paint, harmful substances and so on.

All these factors can provoke the appearance of inflammation only when they get on the mucous membrane. Conjunctivitis is transmitted by airborne droplets, through the respiratory and hearing organs, unwashed hands, or develops as a result of harmful factors.

Symptoms of inflammation

There are several nonspecific symptoms that are common to all types of conjunctivitis. These include:

Swelling and redness of the eyelids;
Swelling of the mucous membrane;
Redness of the conjunctiva;
Reaction to light;
Profuse lacrimation;
Stinging in the eyes;
Sensation of a “mote” in the eye;
Discharge of pus and/or mucus.

Most often, conjunctivitis is accompanied by a rise in temperature, general weakness, catarrh of the respiratory tract, and so on.

Conjunctivitis appears and specific symptoms, which make it possible to diagnose a specific type of inflammation. To do this, you need to conduct a series of tests.

Symptoms characteristic of each variety are described below.

Acute conjunctivitis

The second name for this conjunctivitis is epidemic. It develops as a result of contact with the Koch-Wicks bacillus on the mucous membrane of the eye. Acute conjunctivitis spreads rapidly from person to person.

Most often, residents of Asia or the Caucasus suffer from acute conjunctivitis. Epidemics occur in autumn or summer. Conjunctivitis is spread through the air or through people in contact with each other and is highly contagious.

The inflammation begins suddenly. The incubation period is up to two days. Conjunctivitis usually appears in both eyes. The mucous membranes of the eyelids turn red, after which the eyes themselves turn red. Redness and swelling of the lower eyelid appears. After a couple of days, mucus or pus begins to be released, or both. Red-brown films form and can be removed from the eyes. Dotted bruises appear on the eyes. The patient has a specific reaction to bright light, pain appears in the eyes.

Proper treatment will cure inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes in at least five days, maximum in twenty.

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Inflammation caused by coccal bacteria is quite acute. It begins with the appearance of cloudy, thick gray-yellow discharge. These secretions blind the eyelids together. Dry eyes and skin surrounding the eye appear. There may be pain and pain. Most often, only one eye becomes inflamed, but if the disease is neglected and left untreated, the second eye can also become inflamed.

Conjunctivitis caused by staphylococci occurs with the appearance of swelling and redness, the release of pus and mucus that blinds the eyelids. There is a burning sensation, you want to constantly scratch your eye. There is a feeling of a “mote” in the eye, pain in the eyes from the light. If you do not delay treatment and use antibiotic ointments or drops in a timely manner, you can get rid of conjunctivitis in five days.
Conjunctivitis caused by gonococci appears in newly born children. They become infected when they pass through the birth canal, and the mother is a carrier of gonorrhea. Inflammation appears very quickly. The eyelids and mucous membranes swell greatly. The discharge of pus and mucus has the appearance of “meat slop”, and they are released abundantly when the eye is opened. After a couple of weeks, the discharge becomes thin and green. They finally stop standing out only after two months. By this time, swelling and redness will subside. Treatment with antibiotics should be carried out until the end of the disease.

Conjunctivitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa occurs with copious amounts of pus. Redness, swelling, pain appear, and tears flow.
Conjunctivitis caused by pneumococci also appears in children and is acute. First one eye becomes inflamed, and then the second. The disease begins with the appearance of pus, the eyelids swell. Dotted bruises form on the eyes. Films appear that are easily removed from the eyes.
Conjunctivitis, which develops with diphtheria, is characterized by swelling, redness and hardening of the eyelids. It is very difficult to open your eyes. The discharge changes from cloudy to bloody. Gray films appear that cannot be removed from the eyes, otherwise small bleeding areas will appear. After two weeks, the films will fall off on their own, the swelling will decrease, but the discharge will increase. After this time, the disease progresses to chronic form. This type of conjunctivitis can be accompanied by complications.

Chlamydial conjunctivitis

First, a fear of light appears, with the eyelids swelling and the mucous membranes turning red. The discharge of pus is small, but quite sticky. In the area of the lower eyelid, inflammation is most significant.

If you do not follow the rules of hygiene, you can transfer the inflammation to the second eye.

This type of conjunctivitis can be contracted in a swimming pool or bathhouse while visiting a large number of people at the same time.

Viral conjunctivitis

Most often, conjunctivitis is caused by an adenovirus or herpes virus.

A patient with viral conjunctivitis should be isolated from healthy people, since the disease is highly contagious.

The disease occurs with redness of the eyelids and the appearance of follicles. Sometimes easily removable films may appear. Associated symptoms: fear of light, lacrimation, blepharospasm.

Forms of adenoviral conjunctivitis:

Membranous. Films appear that can be removed without any problems. Bruising and swelling may occur.
Catarrhal. Symptoms are not expressed. Mild redness and slight discharge appear.
Follicular. Small bubbles - follicles - appear on the conjunctiva.

Conjunctivitis caused by an adenovirus can occur with a high fever and sore throat.

Allergic conjunctivitis

Spring;
Allergy to eye medications or lenses;
Pollinose;
Chronic.

The type of conjunctivitis can be determined by tests. It is necessary to determine its shape in order to select treatment.

Symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis: itching and burning, swelling, redness, fear of light, flow of tears.

Chronic conjunctivitis

This is one of the longest-lasting inflammations. The patient is worried about the heaviness of the eyelids, fever, a feeling of “garbage” in the eyes, pain, and the eyes get tired when reading. With chronic conjunctivitis, you can see redness and irregularities on the conjunctiva. Mucus discharge is not significant.

This form of the disease can occur under the influence of irritating factors (dust, chemicals, smoke, etc.). Conjunctivitis appears in diseases gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, with anemia and so on.

This type of conjunctivitis is treated by eliminating irritating factor and restoration of eye function.

Angular (angular) conjunctivitis

It is caused by the Morax-Axenfeld bacillus. Usually has a chronic form. Pain and itching sensations appear in the corners of the eyes. The skin there turns red and cracks may appear. The discharge is thick and mucous, hardening into lumps.

Without treatment, inflammation can last for many years.

Purulent conjunctivitis

Caused by coccus bacteria. The patient develops copious discharge of pus.

To cure purulent conjunctivitis, it is necessary to use drugs with antibiotics.

Papillary conjunctivitis

This conjunctivitis can occur long time, it is a clinical form of conjunctivitis caused by allergens. With conjunctivitis, unevenness of the mucous membrane appears. Itching and pain in the eyelids appear. The discharge is not abundant.

Papillary conjunctivitis can occur as a result of constant use of lenses, prosthetic eyes, or prolonged contact of the ocular surface with something foreign.

Catarrhal conjunctivitis

Caused by many factors (viruses, allergies, chronic). With this conjunctivitis, slight swelling and redness are observed. The discharge is mucous or mucopurulent in nature. The reaction to light is not very pronounced.

Catarrhal conjunctivitis can be cured in ten days, without complications.

Follicular conjunctivitis

Gray-pink follicles appear on the membrane. The eyelids swell slightly. The redness is severe. Occurs due to follicles copious discharge tears and pronounced closure of the eyelids.

Viral;
Bacterial.

Inflammation is expressed for about three weeks, then a week or three weeks goes by. Conjunctivitis can last up to three months.

Temperature with conjunctivitis

The temperature with conjunctivitis most often remains normal, but when occurring together with an infectious-inflammatory disease, it can increase.

The temperature in this case is only a sign of infection, not conjunctivitis.

How to treat conjunctivitis

Treatment of any type of conjunctivitis is based on general principles, which are based on eliminating the cause of inflammation and the use of medications that block the symptoms. To eliminate the symptoms of inflammation, medications are used that must be injected into the eye.

When the first symptoms appear, you need to instill eye drops with an anesthetic and rinse your eyelids with antiseptics. After eliminating them, it is necessary to introduce drugs with antibiotics and antiviral components. It all depends on the cause of conjunctivitis.

For bacterial conjunctivitis, antibiotic ointments are used(tetracycline ointment).
With a viral antiviral drugs local action(Keretsid).
For allergies - antihistamines (drops with Dibazol).

Treatment should continue until symptoms are completely eliminated. Eye patches should not be used to prevent the growth of bacteria. This will prevent the development of complications.

Treatment of conjunctivitis at home Viral conjunctivitis

Medicines containing interferons (Interferon) are used. They are injected into the eyes as a fresh solution. The first three days - from 6 to 8 times a day, in subsequent days from 4 to 5 times until the symptoms disappear.

Must be used up to four times daily antiviral ointments(Bonaftone). If conjunctivitis is severe, then Diclofenac can be used. For dryness, you can use drops such as Systane.

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Throughout the entire treatment, it is necessary to drip Diclofenc up to 4 times a day. This will reduce inflammation. Discharge should be removed from the eyes using antiseptic solutions. To suppress the action of microbes, you can use drops or ointment with antibiotics (Erythromycin) in the first three days up to 6 times a day, then 2-3 times a day until the symptoms disappear.

Chlamydial conjunctivitis

In this case, you must take 1 tablet of Levofloxacin. Treatment is supplemented with drugs containing antibiotics, which are used 4-5 times a day. They can be used for a long time until all symptoms disappear.

To reduce inflammation, you can drip Diclofenac 2 times a day. For dry eyes, it is recommended to use Oftagel.

Purulent conjunctivitis

Eyes should be washed with antiseptic solutions. This will clear the eyes of discharge. The ointment is injected into the eyes up to 3 times a day until symptoms disappear.

Allergic conjunctivitis

Antihistamines are used 2 times a day until symptoms disappear. For better effect, you can use anti-inflammatory drugs (Diclofenac). For severe inflammation, drops with corticosteroids (Tobradex) are used.

Chronic conjunctivitis

To reduce inflammation, you need to drip a solution of zinc sulfate and resorcinol into the eyes. You can use a drug such as Protargol 2-3 times a day. Mercury ointment is administered at night.

Drugs for treatment

Erythromycin(antibiotic);
Tetracycline(antibiotic);
Gentamicin(antibiotic);
Yellow mercury(antiseptic).

Picloxidine(antiseptic);
Levomycetin(antiseptic);
Albucid(antiseptic);
Diclofenac(anti-inflammatory);
Olopatodin(anti-inflammatory);
Suprasin(antiallergic);
Oksial(moisturizing) and so on.

Treatment methods folk remedies

Traditional medicine can only be an additional means of treatment.

The most effective methods are considered to be:

Dill compresses. Grind the dill to a paste and squeeze the juice out of it. Dampen a clean cloth with it and apply to your eyes for 20 minutes.
Drops of honey. Dilute one part honey in two parts boiled water. Drip if necessary.
Rosehip lotions. Pour 2 teaspoons of chopped rose hips into a glass of boiling water. Leave for half an hour, strain and make compresses.
Lotions and rinsing with plantain infusion. Grind a teaspoon of plantain seeds. Pour boiling water over and leave for 30 minutes.
Datura compresses. Chop fresh leaves and pour boiling water over them. Leave for 30 minutes and strain.

Rehabilitation therapy

As a result of inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes, vision impairment may occur. Even after long-term treatment Sometimes discomfort may occur, but it can be eliminated with proper treatment.

Experts advise immediately after the disappearance unpleasant symptoms accompanying conjunctivitis, begin treatment with topical medications that will quickly restore the damaged eye mucosa.

One of the most effective medicines for accelerating the restoration of mucous membranes is Solcoseryl, a gel based on the blood of young calves.

This gel allows you to awaken metabolic reactions in cells, as a result, the tissues of the mucous membranes are restored faster. When regeneration occurs, the functioning of the eyes is also restored. The drug allows for uniform tissue formation. Treatment with Solcoseryl can take up to three weeks.

Before using this medicine, you should definitely obtain the advice of an ophthalmologist.

Diffuse opacification of the lens.

Read this article on how to remove swelling of the upper eyelids.

Vitamins for eyes in drops reviews: Treatment of conjunctivitis: video

Conjunctivitis is a serious problem and requires mandatory treatment. In order not to aggravate the situation, it is necessary to follow the rules of hygiene: use individual towels, linen, wash your hands, do not visit public places, do not wash your face with water containing a large amount of chlorine.

Proper, timely treatment will cure conjunctivitis in the shortest possible time. It is imperative to visit an ophthalmologist, who will determine the form of the disease and prescribe medications for therapy.

Conjunctivitis is a disease in which the mucous membrane of the eye, or conjunctiva, becomes inflamed. The disease is manifested by redness of the eyes, discharge, a feeling of pain, sand, and photophobia. Therefore, patients try to quickly get rid of discomfort, especially if their work involves stress on the organs of vision.

How to quickly cure conjunctivitis

Forms of the disease

There are many recipes for treating the disease, but the choice of remedy depends on the reason for which conjunctivitis developed.

The following forms of the disease are distinguished:

Adenoviral Adenovirus, more common in children Airborne, the disease is epidemic in nature
Herpetic Herpes virus Other people's hygiene items, dirty hands
Allergic Allergen The reaction occurs instantly
Spicy Coccal flora Unwashed hands, hypothermia, overheating, microtrauma, myopia or astigmatism
Acute epidemic (Koch-Wicks) Koch-Wicks wand Airborne droplets, dirty hands, dust, wind, bright sunlight, observed mainly in warm time of the year
Blenorrheic in newborns Gonococcus From a mother infected with gonorrhea during childbirth
Morax-Axenfeld (angular) Diplobacillus Morax-Axenfeld Transmitted through personal hygiene items of an infected person
Chronic External irritants - dust, chemicals, internal factors- vitamin deficiency, metabolic disorders, pathologies of the lacrimal ducts, ENT organs, ametropia
Toxic Caused by exposure to toxins in the mucous membrane of the eye
There are many ways to quickly cure conjunctivitis. But the treatment is selected by an ophthalmologist based on the diagnosis.

Video - Conjunctivitis: symptoms and treatment

Drug therapy

The first line of therapy prescribed for conjunctivitis involves the use of traditional medicine.

Before proceeding to treatment with ointments and gels, the eyes are washed with an antiseptic, for example, furatsilin. To do this, two tablets are crushed and dissolved in a glass of boiling water, and the liquid is allowed to cool to body temperature. The solution is filtered through a sterile bandage to remove solid particles that can injure the mucous membrane.

Important! For each wash, prepare a fresh solution of furatsilin, especially if it is used to treat children.

The procedure is carried out as follows:

Wash your hands thoroughly with soap, you can additionally treat them with an antiseptic - for example, chlorhexidine digluconate.

Make a tampon from sterile cotton wool, soak it with furatsilin and squeeze out the excess moisture a little.

The lower eyelid is pushed back with a finger and the eye is carefully treated, moving from the inner to the outer corner of the eye.

In case of conjunctivitis, it is necessary to rinse the eyes with furatsilin solution

It is allowed to use special devices - eye cups, rubber bulbs. The pharmacy also sells eye baths. Before each use, boil the accessories or take new ones if the products are intended for one-time use.

For conjunctivitis with profuse purulent discharge, it is prescribed drops of sodium sulfacyl, chloramphenicol. Crusts that have formed on the eyes are removed, after which they are washed antiseptic solution. Herpetic rashes are treated with brilliant green.

If rinsing is not enough, additionally use gels, ointments, and creams. The following types of medications may be prescribed:

antihistamines;

corticosteroids;

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;

local antibacterial;

artificial tear.

Acyclovir ointment for the treatment of conjunctivitis

For different forms of conjunctivitis, the following drugs are used:

viral - medications based on tebrofen, oxolin, as well as interferon or other products that stimulate the immune system;

herpetic - ointments Acyclovir, Virolex, Zovirax, and Bonafton, Florenal;

bacterial - drops Tobrex, Moxifloxacin, fusidic acid(at staphylococcal infection), Chloramphenicol, ointments Brulamycin, Tobrex, Colbiocin, Sulfacetamide, Gentamicin, Tetracycline, Polyfax, Framycetin, Polytrim, Garazon, Tobradex, Sofradex;

allergic - ointment Hydrocortisone.

In addition to local treatment, in some cases oral medications are indicated. So, antiviral medicine is used for herpes Valtrex, immunomodulator Cycloferon. Allergic forms require prescription Zyrteka, Suprastina.

The dosage of the drugs, method of administration and duration of therapy are indicated in the instructions.

Tobrex drops for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis

When the body's defenses are weakened and there is a lack of vitamins, vitamin-mineral complexes are prescribed.

Diet therapy

If the cause of conjunctivitis is a weakening of the body’s defenses due to vitamin deficiency, then doctors recommend including plant foods rich in carotene in the diet. This substance is converted into vitamin A, or retinol, which is known for its antioxidant properties. Lack of retinol negatively affects visual function: color perception and vision in the dark deteriorate, the cells of the cornea and conjunctiva dry out, which increases the risk of conjunctivitis. The recommended daily dose of vitamin A is 6–15 mg.

Rich in carotene:

carrot;

parsley;

dill;

red rowan;

apricot;

blueberry;

rose hip.

Important! If chronic conjunctivitis has developed, traditional healers recommend consuming one tablespoon of blueberries daily - fresh, frozen or dry.

Spinach, corn, broccoli, onions, garlic, seeds, nuts, sprouted wheat grains, citrus fruits, and beets are also good for the eyes.

Foods High in Vitamin A

In its purest form vitamin A found in animal products - fish oil, caviar, beef liver, eggs (yolk), milk and its derivatives - butter, sour cream, cottage cheese, etc.

Diet therapy requires giving up the following foods:

very salty foods, which increase eye dryness and cause irritation;

alcohol, which impairs the absorption of nutrients, in particular riboflavin, or vitamin B2;

sweets, flour products, provoking processes of fermentation, rotting, worsening the condition eyeball;

finished products with preservatives.

It is recommended to reduce daily dose coffee: too much caffeine causes the blood vessels in the eyes to narrow. Excessive consumption of protein foods causes sludge in the body, which leads to increased eye pressure.

Traditional medicine recipes

Traditional medicine recipes are effective in treating conjunctivitis. But it should be remembered that these drugs are allowed as auxiliaries and only after consultation with a doctor.

Important! If conjunctivitis is caused by allergens, you should carefully use the following recipes, especially those that involve bee products.

To quickly get rid of inflammation of the conjunctiva, use the products internally and externally - in the form of lotions and compresses (the duration of the procedure is 10–20 minutes), rinsing.

Video - How to treat conjunctivitis in children and adults

Colloidal silver

For treatment, especially when the disease is of bacterial origin, colloidal silver is used. This liquid solution with silver nanoparticles. This remedy was used by obstetrician-gynecologist Karl Crede to prevent blenorrhea in newborns.

Important: The smaller the size of colloidal particles, the more pronounced the therapeutic effect.

The drug is poured into the conjunctival sac 1-2 drops 2 to 4 times a day. If the patient wears contact lenses, they are removed, the procedure is performed, and the optical elements are put back in place. Drops are used until complete recovery.

Carrot

To eliminate the lack of vitamin A, it is enough to consume 167 g of red carrots every day. However, it should be remembered that fats are needed for normal absorption of retinol, so salads are seasoned vegetable oil, sour cream, yogurt.

Freshly squeezed juices are prepared from carrots (4 parts) and herbs - parsley, celery, lettuce (1 part each). Take 100 ml of the drink on an empty stomach, half an hour before meals, 1-3 times a day, through a straw. If headaches occur with a high dosage, then the number of doses is reduced. The course is one month. If necessary, after a month's break the treatment is repeated.

Tea brewing

Tea contains antioxidants that protect against germs when rinsing the eye

Probably the most common recipe for conjunctivitis is rinsing the eyes with tea leaves. The healing effect of tea is due to the content of antioxidants that protect against microbes. The variety is taken black or green and brewed as usual.

Important! Tea must be fresh, of high quality, without aromatic additives, admixtures of other herbs, sugar, or lemon. The temperature of the liquid is close to room temperature.

After general washing, take a piece of sterile cotton wool and soak it in brewed tea. The procedure is carried out like this. Bend over the washbasin and run a cotton swab over the closed eye, from the outer corner to the inner one. The manipulation is repeated several times with a fresh swab.

After washing, carefully dry the eyelid skin with a clean towel (preferably disposable). Do not wipe your eyelids dry, as the skin on them is delicate and can be easily damaged. The procedure is carried out up to five times a day until the disease subsides.

The recipe is even used to treat infants, but only after the doctor’s permission. Brewing black tea will also help in everyday life with redness due to eye fatigue, for example, after working at the computer for a long time.

Bay leaf

Bay leaf is distinguished by its antiseptic properties

Bay leaf has antiseptic properties, improves immunity, and contains vitamins A and C.

Take four large bay leaves, wash with clean water and chop. Dry raw materials are poured with one glass of boiling water and allowed to brew for half an hour, cooled to room temperature. Use the infusion for rinsing (twice a day) or lotions (the bandage is soaked in the product and applied to the eyes for 20 minutes). Eyes are washed with laurel infusion as described above. Apply lotions until the symptoms of conjunctivitis disappear.

Rose petals

Rose has long been used to treat skin and eye diseases. Carotene, vitamin C and the entire periodic system were found in its petals.

To prepare a remedy for conjunctivitis, take a tablespoon of the plant’s petals, wash it, and pour a glass of boiling water. The infusion is ready in 30 minutes. Wash your eyes with it up to 5 times a day, make 30-minute compresses before bed. Rose water eliminates burning and pain. It is also used after work to relieve fatigue. Treatment is continued until the condition improves.

Marshmallow root

Marshmallow root helps with inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs

Marshmallow root is used primarily for inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs. But the water infusion is also useful for conjunctivitis. This is how they prepare it. Boil water, cool to room temperature. Four tablespoons of marshmallow root are poured into a glass of cold water and left for eight hours. Lotions and rinses are made from the infusion (the procedure is carried out as with tea leaves) 3-4 times a day until complete recovery.

Bee products

For old conjunctivitis, bee glue (propolis) is effective. For eye treatment, an aqueous solution (20%) is prepared from it. Water is taken after boiling, cooled to 50 °C, since at higher temperatures beneficial substances are destroyed. The solution is strained to remove solid particles. This infusion is instilled into the eyes every three hours (dosage - 2-3 drops in each eye). Treatment is continued as long as symptoms persist. Propolis has pronounced bactericidal and cleansing properties.

Propolis is effective for old conjunctivitis

Royal jelly is used for treatment. Water solution This bee product (concentration 2%, based on distilled water) is passed through filter paper or a sterile bandage folded in 2-3 layers. The solution is instilled into the eyes for various forms of conjunctivitis (with the exception of allergic) 2-3 drops into each eye 5-6 times a day or lotions are made with the same frequency. The course of treatment is 10-20 days. Royal jelly improves tissue regeneration, blood circulation, and also fights pathogenic bacteria, inhibits the growth of microbes, and is effective against staphylococci and tubercle bacilli. For conjunctivitis, it is no less useful to take medications based on royal jelly orally to strengthen the immune system and saturate the body with vitamins and minerals, essential acids.

With reduced immunity, take pollen orally - half or one teaspoon up to 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 3–4 weeks.

How to avoid re-infection?

It is important to prevent re-infection of the conjunctiva, otherwise the likelihood of an acute process becoming chronic increases. To do this, it is enough to follow these rules:

Strengthen the body's defenses.

Normalize the diet, enrich it with foods containing vitamin A.

Treat in time infectious diseases oral cavity, nasopharynx.

Follow the recommendations for caring for contact lenses and glasses.

Avoid contact with allergens if you are prone to frequent allergic conjunctivitis; during the season of exacerbation of the disease, use medications prescribed by your doctor.

Avoid touching your face and eyes during the day; change lenses after disinfecting your hands.

Ventilate the room.

Change bedding regularly.

Wash only with boiled water.

Wash children's toys with soap.

To avoid spreading the infection to other family members, you should use only your own toiletries and bedding.

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye. The disease develops as a result of exposure to various factors: weakened immunity, infection, allergic reaction.

The disease can occur in both adults and children. When the first signs of the disease appear, the question becomes relevant: how to treat conjunctivitis at home in adults?

Important! Therapy for similar inflammations consists of the combined use of eye drops and ointments.

Folk remedies are used to treat the disease; they necessarily contain natural ingredients.

Symptoms

The nature of the symptoms depends on the causes of the disease. There are several forms: bacterial, allergic, viral, fungal, reactive conjunctivitis.

The main signs of the disease are:

burning, itching;

edema;

purulent discharge;

increased tear production;

heat;

redness of the eyes;

painful sensations in daylight;

corneal clouding;

feeling of the presence of a foreign body.

When the first signs of inflammation appear, you should consult a doctor. Delayed therapy can lead to transition mild stage into a chronic illness. The lack of effective treatment can cause deformation of the eyelids, eyelash loss, otitis media, meningitis, sepsis, and deterioration of visual acuity.

Phytotherapy

Treatment of conjunctivitis at home involves rinsing, applying lotions, and compresses to sore eyes.

Important! Folk remedies include medicinal plants that have anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and antibacterial properties.

Their action is aimed at eliminating the main manifestations of the disease and localizing the causes of the development of the inflammatory process.

The composition of the medicines includes medicinal plants: chamomile, sage, aloe, dill, rose hips, tea rose, celandine, plantain. They are easy to use and do not cause allergies.

When treating conjunctivitis at home, chamomile has antiseptic and soothing properties. The infusion for conjunctivitis localizes inflammation, eliminates itching, swelling, and pain. To prepare the decoction, you need to combine a spoonful of chamomile with 250 ml hot water. Cover the container with the medicinal liquid with a lid, a towel on top, and leave for 1 hour. The finished drug is used to apply lotions. A cotton-gauze ball soaked in the medicine is placed on the eyeballs for 5 minutes. The frequency of manipulation is at least 4 times per day. The cooled solution can be used to wash sore eyes.

The answer to the question of how to treat conjunctivitis at home in adults is the use of an anti-inflammatory decoction based on bay leaves. Three leaves and 250 ml of water should be placed in a small bowl. The liquid must be boiled over low heat for about half an hour, covered with a lid. The cooled preparation must be filtered. The finished medicine is used to rinse the visual organs. Then apply cotton-gauze swabs soaked in liquid to the sore eyes. The duration of the procedure is 30 minutes if treatment is performed on adults. The frequency of use of the drug is at least 4 times a day.

To treat conjunctivitis at home, he recommends using aloe. The plant has antiseptic properties, has a beneficial effect on the mucous membrane of the eyeball, and quickly and effectively eliminates the symptoms of the disease. Several medium-sized aloe leaves are placed in the refrigerator for 2 days. Then juice is extracted from it. Freshly prepared juice should be diluted with distilled water in a ratio of 1:10. The finished product is dripped into the eyes 1 time per day, 2 drops. The duration of treatment is about 7 days.

Dill will help cure conjunctivitis. The plant can eliminate redness and swelling of the eyes, and is used when purulent discharge appears. Several stalks of dill need to be doused with boiling water, then the juice should be extracted from it. Freshly prepared juice is used to wash the eyeballs. To apply the lotions, you need to place a cotton ball soaked in the medicine on the sore eyes for a quarter of an hour. The frequency of manipulation is about 5-6 times a day. The course of treatment lasts 6 days. To eliminate discharge with particles of pus, you need to combine a teaspoon of dill seeds with 250 ml of boiling water and leave for 30 minutes. Ready product use for lotions.

It is recommended to wash the eyes of patients with conjunctivitis with a rosehip-based decoction. The product consists of 2 teaspoons of finely ground plant fruits, 250 ml of water. The mixture of components should be boiled for about 5 minutes. The container with the medicinal liquid is wrapped in a towel and left for 2 hours. The prepared medicine must be filtered and used to wash the eyeballs at least 5 times a day. The duration of therapy is 10 days.

When a person performs treatment at home, tea rose should be used. The medicine contains a teaspoon of rose petals and 250 ml of hot water. The mixture must be infused for at least 30 minutes. The filtered preparation is used to wash the eyes 6-7 times a day. Before going to bed, it is recommended to apply the compress for 15 minutes. The course of treatment should last about 10 days.

Plantain will help eliminate painful sensations. 10 g of plantain seeds should be crushed and combined with 250 ml of boiling water. As a rule, you need to infuse the drug for at least 30 minutes. Rinse inflamed eyes with the product at intervals of 2 hours.

The herbal mixture has healing properties. It consists of 20 grams of flax, elderberry, and cornflower. Pour the plant mixture into 500 ml of boiling water and brew for at least 2 hours. The cooled broth should be filtered and used for lotions at least 4 times a day.

Products with honey

The answer to the question of how to treat conjunctivitis at home is to use products that include beekeeping products.

Important! Honey is characterized by antiseptic and antibacterial properties.

It is able to enhance the effect of medicinal plants and is a source of various vitamins and microelements.

To prepare drops for the organs of vision, you need to combine honey with distilled water in a 1:2 ratio. The prepared solution is instilled into inflamed eyes twice a day, 1 drop. When a burning sensation occurs, the medicinal liquid can be used as a lotion. A cotton-gauze pad soaked in the finished preparation is placed on the eyes three times a day. The duration of the procedure is a quarter of an hour, the course of treatment is 10 days.

The product can be used to wash the eyes. The procedure must be carried out using a cotton pad. Careful movements should be carried out from the inner to the outer corner of the eye.

To treat conjunctivitis in adults at home, use a mixture of food and celandine. To prepare the drug, you need to pour a spoonful of celandine into a glass of boiling water. The mixture of components is infused for 20 minutes. Then you need to strain the product, add one spoon of honey. The medicine is applied as a lotion to sore eyes.

A medicine whose main component is propolis will help eliminate the symptoms of conjunctivitis. Thirty grams of propolis must be combined with 250 ml of refined oil and boiled until the propolis is completely dissolved. Add boiled chicken yolk to the prepared liquid. The medicine should be mixed well, left for 15 minutes, then filtered. The prepared preparation must be lubricated on inflamed eyes until complete recovery.

Propolis-based ointment will help eliminate inflammation, redness, and itching due to conjunctivitis at home. To prepare the medicine, add 5 g of bee product to Vaseline. The mixture of components must be boiled over low heat until the components are completely dissolved. The prepared ointment is used to treat inflamed eyes 2-3 times a day.

Propolis water has healing properties for conjunctivitis. 5 grams of dry propolis should be crushed and combined with 200 ml of purified water. Propolis is completely unable to dissolve in water; it saturates it with its medicinal properties. The prepared liquid is filtered and used in the form of drops for the organs of vision. Apply 2 drops to your eyes about 3 times a day.

Both adults and children can get conjunctivitis.

Important! Some products that contain honey can be used to treat babies.

Before starting therapy, you should consult your doctor.

Other methods

People of various age-old categories and professions suffer from eye diseases. When symptoms of the disease appear, they often resort to various traditional methods of treatment.

A mixture of potatoes and egg whites has healing properties in the treatment of disease. These products can be found in all homes. One hundred grams of potatoes must be grated on a fine grater, add the white of 1 egg. The prepared mixture is used as a compress, which is applied to the inflamed eyeballs for 15 minutes. The frequency of the procedure is at least 4 times per day. Treatment is carried out until complete recovery.

Shredded raw potatoes can be used without adding protein. The potato mixture is applied to the eyes, and a warm, wet cloth is placed on the back of the head.

Egg white will help eliminate itching, burning, and lacrimation. Protein 1 chicken egg must be carefully separated from the yolk. Then it needs to be added to 100 ml of distilled water. Sick eyes are washed with the prepared liquid at least 3 times a day.

Rye bread will help relieve swelling, itching, and burning. A small piece of the product is applied to the sore eyelids for 15 minutes.

White cabbage will help eliminate inflammation and itching. A small cabbage leaf should be doused with boiling water. Then put it on the sore eyes.

To carry out baths for conjunctivitis, you need to combine the peels of fresh cucumbers with boiled water 1:2. Then add a teaspoon of baking soda. The liquid should be cooled and poured into a container for baths. The eyes must be completely immersed in the medicine. Every 15 seconds you need to open your eyelids.

Wheat cereal will help relieve the symptoms of the disease. Combine a spoonful of cereal with 250 ml of purified water and cook for 20 minutes. The finished product is left for 2 hours and filtered. The drug is used to wash the eyes before bedtime, in the morning.

Manifestations allergic form diseases can be eliminated with the help of Kalanchoe. Juice is extracted from the leaves of the plant. They need to treat the eyeballs until complete recovery.

As preventive measures it is necessary:

Follow the rules of hygiene: do not touch your eyes or face with dirty hands; after visiting public places, you must wash your hands with soap; it is not recommended to use other people’s towels, cosmetic accessories, or contact lenses.

Strengthen the immune system: playing sports, hardening, swimming, walking in the fresh air. For increase protective functions the body is recommended to consume freshly prepared juices. The juice has healing properties. It consists of the juice of parsley, carrots, lettuce, celery, they need to be combined 1:4:1:1. The drink should be consumed 100 grams 2-3 times a day.

Proper nutrition: it is recommended to exclude fatty, fried, salty foods, sweets, baked goods, fast food, and soda from the daily menu.

It is recommended to avoid overwork, prolonged work at the computer, stressful situations, promptly treat colds and viral diseases.

Important! You should adhere to a balanced daily routine and maintain healthy sleep.

Following these recommendations will help not only avoid infection and re-development of the disease, but also strengthen the immune system.

Acute conjunctivitis is an inflammatory eye disease.

It is characterized by pronounced redness of the conjunctiva and the appearance of an inflammatory process in the eyeball. Occurs when damaged by bacterial microflora or viral, also occurs due to effects on the eye chemical substances or various allergens.

Symptoms and complaints of acute conjunctivitis

The onset of the disease is acute and rapid. The most basic symptoms are:

Redness of the eyelids, they acquire a bright red color;
There is a feeling of a foreign body in the eye;
In the morning, the eyelids stick together due to the crust that has formed;
Increased tearfulness, may be replaced by dry eyes;
The eye becomes noticeably red and hemorrhages appear;
Complaints about rapid eye fatigue after work;
The eyes react to the wind and the sun, pain in the eyes;
On early stages disease, a light and transparent exudate is released, which changes to greenish-purulent.

Causes of the disease

The reasons why the disease occurs can be very diverse. Conjunctivitis can occur from bacterial microflora such as staphylococcus, streptococcus, gonococcus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa entering the eyes. Also due to adenovirus infection. Often the cause is the ingestion of various allergens.

It is generally accepted that the onset of the disease is preceded by overheating of the body or its hypothermia, previously suffered viral infections, exhaustion of the body and immune system, eye trauma, as well as certain chronic eye diseases.

In eye practice, all forms of conjunctivitis account for 1/3 of all eye diseases. More often, young children suffer from this disease, since the infection can reach them through unwashed hands; much less often, the infection gets through dust or a foreign body. As a rule, both eyes are involved in the inflammatory process, but not always at the same time; the period between the disease ranges from one to several days.

In little children acute conjunctivitis may cause more severe consequences, such as swelling of the cheek near the sore eye, swelling of the parotid lymph nodes, general malaise appears, fever, drowsiness appear, children become capricious and restless.

Diagnosis of acute conjunctivitis

According to the International Classification of Diseases 10 (ICD), conjunctivitis has a code from H10.1 to H10.9, and there are also additional codes in accordance with the disease. An important step in making a diagnosis is the correct diagnosis of the disease. First of all, it is necessary to make differential diagnosis between bacterial and viral conjunctivitis. Rule out the presence of an allergic factor.

The eye is examined under a slit lamp, the presence of swelling of the mucous membranes and conjunctiva, and the presence of discharge are determined. Sometimes the eyes are stained with special dyes, which allows diagnosis and identification of the amount of damage to the cornea and conjunctiva.

To exclude the bacterial nature of the origin of the disease, a culture of the discharge from the eyes is carried out, if the study reveals a bacterial microflora, sensitivity to antibiotics is tested, and appropriate treatment is prescribed. A blood test will help determine if conjunctivitis is allergic or viral. To understand whether it is an adenovirus or a herpes virus, additional research is carried out.

Treatment of conjunctivitis

Treatment of acute conjunctivitis should begin immediately after diagnosis. Acute conjunctivitis is a disease that can be easily transmitted to another person. From the photo you can distinguish different types of the disease. To avoid the development of such a situation, it is necessary to observe the rules of personal hygiene. Treatment is prescribed by a doctor after a thorough examination and diagnosis, collecting complaints.

After diagnosis, immediate treatment is prescribed. If conjunctivitis is allergic in nature, it is necessary to identify the allergen and limit its contact with the patient. Treatment is carried out with a group of hormonal drugs and antispasmodics, these are usually drops.

If the disease is caused by microflora and has a bacterial basis, after testing sensitivity to antibiotics, select the most suitable drug from a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics and begin treatment, these can be drugs in the form of drops or ointments; in this case, the ointment is placed behind the eyelid.

Important precautions in case of illness include frequent hand washing with soap, using an individual towel, handkerchiefs should be replaced with paper napkins, and touching your face and eyes less with your hands. On average, the illness lasts about two weeks, but in some cases it can last up to a month.

The most basic drugs in the treatment of conjunctivitis are eye drops and ointments, one of the more commonly used drops is Albucid, Lecrolin, Tobrex, which is often used to prevent conjunctivitis in children at birth, Dexamethasone ointment, Hydrocortisone ointment. Drops belong to various groups of drugs and categories. There are also many traditional medicines, washing the eyes with a decoction of calendula or chamomile, and much more. It is important to remember that drug treatment is more effective and recovery will occur much faster.

Forecast

The prognosis is favorable with proper treatment. Often acute conjunctivitis can become chronic, this is noted when prescribing improper treatment. A complication such as keratitis may also occur, the level of vision may decrease, the cornea may become cloudy, and ulcers may form on the eyelids, which are difficult to treat.

Prevention

Prevention consists of maintaining a personal hygiene regime, frequent hand washing during illness, the use of personal hygiene products, proper care of contact lenses so that various debris does not accumulate in them, before removing them it is necessary to clean them, and not to delay the treatment of chronic ENT diseases. organs.

In order to prevent the occurrence of conjunctivitis in newborns during the passage of the birth canal, it is necessary to promptly identify the disease in a pregnant woman and immediately prescribe treatment. In children's groups, if there is a child with conjunctivitis, it is necessary to limit his contact with children and carry out individual prevention at home.

Acute conjunctivitis is common in children and adults, which is diagnosed in 30% of cases. This is an inflammatory process on the mucous membrane of the eyes. The reason is various factors, but more often it is an infection and allergy. The first symptoms appear immediately, signaling inflammation: swelling, redness, discharge of pus. The increase leads to deterioration of vision. Diagnosis and treatment are carried out by an ophthalmologist. Medicines are prescribed in accordance with the etiology of the process.

Conjunctivitis usually affects one eye, but then spreads to the other. With adequate treatment, the process can be stopped.

Etiology

Eye conjunctivitis develops as a result of exposure to pathogenic factors on the mucous membrane of the organ. The local microflora contains some microorganisms, but under the influence of certain conditions the amount of harmful elements increases and an inflammatory process develops. Bacteria, viruses and fungi can develop an acute form. The most common route of transmission of infection is through household contact. Provoking factors are:

temperature effects on the body (hypothermia or overheating);
entry of a foreign body into the cavity of the visual organ;
mechanical damage to the conjunctiva;
exposure to chemical substances on the mucous membrane;
inflammatory pathologies of the nasopharynx;
helminthic infestations;
chronic ophthalmological processes.

Often Poplar fluff causes discomfort in humans.

There is a special type of disease - acute conjunctivitis allergic type. Inflammation develops under the influence of an allergen. Cosmetic and cosmetic products can trigger a reaction. detergents, poplar fluff, medications. The disease manifests itself with a number of symptoms and is difficult to treat. First of all, you need to avoid contact, and then fight the signs of inflammation on the mucous membrane.

Possible symptoms

Conjunctivitis in adults and children has the same manifestations, but in young patients it occurs 3 times more often. It is worth exposing the symptoms of acute and chronic forms of the disease - in the first case, rapid development and a more extensive symptomatic complex are observed. The full clinical picture of acute conjunctivitis includes the following signs:

feeling of “sand” in the eyes;
pain and discomfort;
purulent discharge that leads to eyelids sticking together, especially at night;
uncontrolled tearing;
redness of the conjunctiva and edges of the eyelids;
increased body temperature;
headache and malaise.

Features in children

IN childhood It is viruses that cause diseases of the organs of vision.

Children's mucous membrane is very sensitive, so the disease in childhood is considered more dangerous. Most often, the disease develops at this age against the background of an allergy or viral infection. If a child is diagnosed with conjunctivitis, treatment must be started immediately. However, before consulting a doctor, you should not do anything on your own.

Conjunctivitis in children has a number of distinctive symptoms. Firstly, there is severe hyperemia on the eyelids and swelling, which greatly complicates vision. Secondly, in children multiple pinpoint hemorrhages are possible, so the eyes look red. At the same time, in young patients, body temperature almost always rises to high levels.

Treatment of acute conjunctivitis in children also has a number of differences. A protracted illness is often diagnosed, so therapy should be carried out throughout the entire period. But it is not recommended to use aggressive drugs for children. You should regularly wipe your eyes with a special antibacterial wipe. Among the many drops, the drug “Albucid” is considered completely safe for children. The child needs to be prepared for the fact that the drops sting a little when they get into the eyes.

Another difference between childhood conjunctivitis is the formation of a film before the eyes. It prevents the child from looking, so it must be carefully removed with a swab.

Diagnostic measures

An obligatory part of the examination of the child is an examination of the fundus.

Treatment in adults and children necessarily begins with an examination by an ophthalmologist and determination accurate diagnosis. The doctor examines the fundus of the eye using a slit lamp. This method may be sufficient. In addition, the ophthalmologist needs to study a complete history and features of the development of inflammation. To confirm conjunctivitis and determine its etiology, a number of special studies are prescribed: The drug Visin Alergy can be used in the treatment of such pathology.

Antihistamine drops for diagnosing allergies - “Opatanol”, “Histimet” (from 12 years), “Allergodil”, “Vizin Alerzhdi”. Or one of these - “Lecrolin”, “Cromohexal”, “Allergodil”.
Preparations based on interferon in case of viral infection - “Poludan”, “Okoferon”, “Ophthalmoferon”, “Aktipol”, “Acyclovir” (5% ointment).
Antibacterial drops for infection - “Floxal”, “Neomycin”, “Lincomycin”, as well as 1% ointments - tetracycline or erythromycin.
Vitamins to increase the overall level of immunity.
Wash solutions - “Furacilin”, “Rivanol”, boric acid, chamomile decoction.
Medicines for angular conjunctivitis - 0.5-1% solution of zinc sulfate, 1-5% ointment with zinc oxide.

Steroid drugs are not recommended for use, they can be addictive. In case of frequent relapses, an individual treatment regimen is developed and prescribed strong antibiotics. Symptomatic treatment is not required; traces of inflammation disappear on their own after eliminating the bacteria. Do not forget that conjunctivitis is a contagious disease, so during the treatment process it is better to limit contact with healthy people.

Conjunctivitis occurs for various reasons. But in any case, it is an unpleasant and often painful disease. Bacteria and viruses can cause chronic or acute conjunctivitis. The disease also appears due to allergies or for domestic reasons. This problem occurs in both children and adults. However, it is little patients who get sick most often. The disease can also be seasonal. It is often activated during the cold season. Allergic conjunctivitis occurs during the flowering period of plants.

Diagnosis and treatment of acute conjunctivitis is the prerogative of an ophthalmologist. But sometimes other specialists are brought in to make a diagnosis. It is necessary to undergo an external examination and pass certain tests. After analysis clinical picture and the results of the research, the doctor prescribes treatment. Treatment for acute conjunctivitis depends on the causes of its occurrence. Treatment with antibiotics, antifungals and other drugs may be necessary.

Acute conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis is an inflammatory process that occurs in the mucous membrane of the eye or eyes. Depending on the nature of the disease, acute and chronic conjunctivitis are distinguished.

The disease is classified depending on the factors that contributed to the onset of the disease:

Acute viral conjunctivitis and adenoviral.
Acute bacterial conjunctivitis.
Acute conjunctivitis of the eyes caused by chlamydia or fungi.
Exacerbation of allergic conjunctivitis, also atopic conjunctivitis.
Non-infectious.

Photo 3. Some plants provoke allergies

Non-infectious acute conjunctivitis of the eyes appears due to negative influence on the mucous membrane:

Prolonged irritation from smoke or dust.
Contact with mucous membranes of chemicals or other toxic substances.
Direct impact sun rays.
Because of contact lenses, or rather violation of the rules for their use.
Taking certain medications.

Symptoms of acute conjunctivitis

The development of acute conjunctivitis occurs at high speed. The time from infection to the onset of symptoms is several hours. Sometimes the process can take up to two days.

Photo 4. Conjunctivitis progresses rapidly

An acute infectious inflammatory process is accompanied by a general deterioration in the patient's condition. The etiology of inflammation of the conjunctiva does not matter. Such a symptom as general malaise has the following manifestations:

Body temperature is higher than normal;
Pain in the head, face;
Sleep disorders;

Other signs of the disease partially differ for different types of conjunctivitis.

Photo 5. Body temperature rises

Symptoms of acute bacterial conjunctivitis:

First, the inflammatory disease appears in one eye. Later, conjunctivitis affects both eyes.
The mucous membrane of the eye acquires signs of swelling.
Due to hyperemia, pronounced redness of the conjunctiva occurs.
Pain, cutting, and burning sensation appear.
Acidity of the eyes, appearance and discharge of pus from the mucous membrane.
Damage to the mucous membrane may be accompanied by hemorrhages.

Pinching of the conjunctiva while closing the eye.
The eye area becomes covered with a hard crust, which is formed by oozing pus.

Photo 6. Pain in the eyes

Diagnosis of acute conjunctivitis

Only an ophthalmologist can diagnose conjunctivitis or an exacerbation of conjunctivitis.

To diagnose the disease, the specialist carries out the following activities:

Anamnesis collection - whether there were contacts with other patients. Possible contact with allergens is also established. The patient's medical history and living conditions are studied.
The doctor listens to the patient's complaints;
Conducts an external examination of the eyeballs and mucous membranes.

Then it is necessary to establish the origin of the disease - its etiology. For this purpose, the following laboratory tests are carried out:

Cytological and bacteriological examination of patient samples.
Examination of the patient's tears or blood.
The sensitivity of the pathogen to antibiotics is determined.
For conjunctivitis of allergic origin, tests are carried out to identify the allergen.
Samples may need to be examined to identify subcutaneous mites.

Cytological examination is the study of the structural features of cells, the cellular composition of tissues, fluids and organs human body in normal conditions and in pathological processes using a microscope. The purpose of the study is to determine the type of lesions recorded, their benign or malignant nature.

Based on the results of tests and examinations, the doctor diagnoses the type of conjunctivitis.

Photo 9. Questioning the patient

Treatment of acute conjunctivitis

If conjunctivitis began suddenly, and you get medical care impossible:

Drop Albucid solution inside the eye (on the lower eyelid lapel). Or a solution of Levomycetin. The procedure is repeated at least 4 times during the day.
If the second eye is healthy, you can instill it too. This will prevent the disease. But you need to use a different pipette.
It is advisable to wear dark glasses during daylight hours.
Bandages, pads, and compresses are prohibited.

However, all these measures are not treatment. They are undertaken for a while until the patient gets to the doctor.

Thank you

The site provides background information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation with a specialist is required!

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye, caused by various pathogenic factors. In general, the correct name for the disease is conjunctivitis, however, it is often known only to doctors and nurses. In everyday life, the term “conjunctivitis” is most often used to refer to the inflammatory process on the mucous membrane of the eye. In the text of the article we will use precisely the wrong term, but one that is familiar to people far from medical science.

Classification

In general, the term “conjunctivitis” is not the name of the disease, but reflects only the localization of the inflammatory process - the mucous membrane of the eye. In order to obtain the full name of the disease, it is necessary to add the designation of the causative factor to the term “conjunctivitis” or indicate the nature of the inflammatory process, for example, “bacterial conjunctivitis” or “chronic conjunctivitis”, etc. The full name of the disease, which includes the cause of inflammation or its nature, is used by doctors in medical documentation. The nature and cause of inflammation of the conjunctiva should always be clarified, since correct and effective treatment depends on this.

Currently, there are a number of classifications of conjunctivitis, each of which reflects some significant factor regarding the cause or nature of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye.

Depending on the cause that provoked inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye, conjunctivitis is divided into the following types:

Bacterial conjunctivitis is provoked by various pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria, such as streptococci, pneumococci, staphylococci, gonococci, diphtheria bacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc.;

Chlamydial conjunctivitis (trachoma) is caused by chlamydia getting into the eyes;

Angular conjunctivitis (angular) is provoked by the Morax-Axenfeld diplobacillus and is characterized by a chronic course;

Viral conjunctivitis, provoked by various viruses, such as adenoviruses, herpes viruses, etc.;

Fungal conjunctivitis is provoked by various pathogenic fungi and is a particular manifestation of systemic infections, such as actinomycosis, aspergillosis, candidomycosis, spirotrichelosis;

Allergic conjunctivitis develops under the influence of any allergen or factor that irritates the mucous membrane of the eye (for example, dust, wool, varnishes, paints, etc.);

Dystrophic conjunctivitis develops under the influence of various substances that cause damage to the mucous membrane of the eye (for example, reagents, paints, industrial vapors and gases, etc.).

Chlamydial and angular (angular) conjunctivitis are special cases of bacterial conjunctivitis, however, based on certain features clinical course and their characteristics are distinguished into separate varieties.

Depending on the type of inflammatory process on the mucous membrane of the eye, conjunctivitis is divided into:

Acute conjunctivitis;

Chronic conjunctivitis.

A special case of acute conjunctivitis is epidemic, provoked by the Koch-Wicks bacillus.

Depending on the nature of inflammation and morphological changes in the mucous membrane of the eye, conjunctivitis is divided into the following types:

Purulent conjunctivitis, which occurs with the formation of pus;

Catarrhal conjunctivitis, occurring without the formation of pus, but with copious mucous discharge;

Papillary conjunctivitis develops against the background of an allergic reaction to eye medications and is the formation of small grains and compactions on the mucous membrane of the eye in the upper eyelid;

Follicular conjunctivitis develops according to the first type of allergic reaction and is the formation of follicles on the mucous membrane of the eye;

Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is characterized by numerous hemorrhages in the mucous membrane of the eye;

Membranous conjunctivitis develops in children against the background of acute viral respiratory diseases.

Despite the fairly large number of varieties of conjunctivitis, any form of the disease is manifested by a set of typical symptoms, as well as a number of specific features.

Causes

The causes of conjunctivitis are the following groups of factors that can cause inflammation in the mucous membrane of the eye:

Infectious causes:
- Pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria (staphylococci, streptococci, gonococci, meningococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc.);
- Viruses (adenoviruses and herpes viruses);
- Pathogenic fungi (actinomycetes, aspergillus, candida, spirotrichella);

Allergic causes (wearing contact lenses, atopic, drug-induced or seasonal conjunctivitis);

Other reasons (occupational hazards, dust, gases, etc.).

All of the listed causes of conjunctivitis cause the disease only if they manage to get into the mucous membrane of the eye. As a rule, infection occurs through dirty hands with which a person rubs or touches the eyes, as well as through airborne droplets in the case of viruses, allergens or occupational hazards. In addition, infection by pathogenic microorganisms can occur ascending from the ENT organs (nasal, oral cavity, ear, throat, etc.).

Symptoms of different types of conjunctivitis

With any type of conjunctivitis, a person develops certain nonspecific symptoms, such as:

Swelling of the eyelids;

Swelling of the mucous membrane of the eye;

Redness of the conjunctiva and eyelids;

Photophobia;

lacrimation;

Sensation of a foreign body in the eye;

Discharge of mucous, purulent or mucopurulent nature.

The above symptoms develop with any type of conjunctivitis and are therefore called nonspecific. Quite often, the symptoms of conjunctivitis are combined with symptoms of catarrh of the upper respiratory tract due to various respiratory infections, as well as fever, headache and other signs of intoxication (muscle pain, weakness, fatigue, etc.).

However, in addition to nonspecific symptoms, different kinds Conjunctivitis is characterized by the appearance of specific symptoms that are caused by the properties of the factor that causes the inflammatory process. It is the specific symptoms that make it possible to differentiate different types of conjunctivitis based on the clinical picture without special laboratory tests. Let us consider in detail what nonspecific and specific symptoms are manifested by various types of conjunctivitis.

Acute (epidemic) conjunctivitis

Currently, the term “acute conjunctivitis” refers to a disease whose full name is “acute epidemic Koch-Wicks conjunctivitis.” However, for the convenience of using the term, only part of it is taken, allowing you to understand what is being said.

Acute conjunctivitis is classified as bacterial, since it is provoked by a pathogenic bacterium - Koch-Wicks bacillus. However, since acute epidemic conjunctivitis has course features associated, first of all, with affecting a large number of people and rapid spread in the population, this type of bacterial inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye is isolated into a separate form.

Acute Koch-Wicks conjunctivitis is common in the countries of Asia and the Caucasus; in more northern latitudes it practically does not occur. The infection occurs in the form of seasonal, epidemic outbreaks mainly in the autumn and summer periods of the year. Infection with Koch-Wicks conjunctivitis occurs through contact and airborne droplets. This means that the causative agent of conjunctivitis is transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person through close household contacts, as well as through shared household items, dirty hands, dishes, fruits, vegetables, water, etc. Epidemic conjunctivitis is a contagious disease.

Koch-Wicks conjunctivitis begins acutely and suddenly, after a short incubation period of 1 to 2 days. Typically, both eyes are affected at the same time. Conjunctivitis begins with redness of the mucous membrane of the eyelids, which quickly covers the surface of the eyeball and transitional folds. Most severe redness and swelling develops in the area of the lower eyelid, which takes the form of a roller. Within 1–2 days, mucopurulent or purulent discharge appears in the eyes, and thin brownish films are formed, which are easily torn off and removed without damaging the mucous membrane of the eye. In addition, numerous hemorrhages in the form of dots are visible in the mucous membrane of the eye. A person is worried about photophobia, a feeling of pain or a foreign body in the eyes, lacrimation, swelling of the eyelids and redness of the entire surface of the eyeball.

In addition to epidemic Koch-Wicks conjunctivitis, doctors often use the term “acute conjunctivitis” to designate any acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye, regardless of the pathogen or cause that provoked it. Acute conjunctivitis always occurs suddenly, and usually affects both eyes sequentially.
Any acute conjunctivitis with proper treatment results in recovery within 5 to 20 days.

Bacterial

It always occurs acutely and is provoked by contact with the mucous membrane of the eye of various pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria, such as staphylococci, streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, gonococci, pneumococci, etc. Regardless of which microbe caused bacterial conjunctivitis, the inflammatory process begins suddenly with the appearance of a cloudy, viscous, grayish-yellowish discharge on the surface of the mucous membrane of the eye. The discharge causes the eyelids to stick together, especially after a night's sleep. In addition, a person develops dryness of the mucous membrane and skin around the inflamed eye. You may also experience pain and stinging in the eye. With bacterial conjunctivitis, as a rule, only one eye is affected, but if left untreated, inflammation can affect the second one. The most common bacterial ones are gonococcal, staphylococcal, pneumococcal, pseudomonas and diphtheritic conjunctivitis. Let us consider the features of their flow.

Staphylococcal conjunctivitis is characterized by severe redness and swelling of the eyelids, as well as copious mucopurulent discharge, which makes it difficult to open the eyes after sleep. Swelling of the eyelids is accompanied by severe itching and burning. There is photophobia and a sensation of a foreign body under the eyelid. Usually, both eyes are alternately involved in the inflammatory process. At timely treatment With local antibiotics (ointments, drops, etc.), conjunctivitis goes away within 3 to 5 days.

Gonococcal conjunctivitis (gonoblenorrhea) usually develops in newborns due to infection during passage through the birth canal of a mother infected with gonorrhea (gonorrhea). With gonococcal conjunctivitis, rapid and very dense swelling of the eyelids and mucous membrane of the eye develops. A copious mucopurulent discharge appears, having the characteristic appearance of “meat slop”. When the closed eyelids are opened, the discharge literally splashes out in a stream. As you recover, the amount of discharge decreases, it becomes thick, and films form on the surface of the mucous membrane of the eye, which are easily removed without damaging the underlying tissues. After 2–3 weeks, the discharge again acquires a liquid consistency and a greenish color, completely disappearing by the end of the 2nd month of the disease. Along with the disappearance of the discharge, swelling and redness of the conjunctiva also disappear. Gonoblenorrhea requires treatment with local antibiotics until complete recovery.

Pneumococcal conjunctivitis occurs in children. The inflammation begins acutely, with one eye first affected and then the second being involved. First, profuse purulent discharge appears, combined with swelling of the eyelids, pinpoint hemorrhages in the mucous membrane of the eye and photophobia. Films form on the conjunctiva, which are easily removed and do not damage the underlying tissue.

Pseudomonas conjunctivitis is characterized by copious purulent discharge, severe redness of the mucous membrane of the eye, swelling of the eyelids, pain, photophobia and lacrimation.
Diphtheritic conjunctivitis develops against the background of diphtheria. First, the eyelids become very swollen, red and thick. The skin is so thick that it is impossible to open the eyes. Then a cloudy discharge appears, giving way to a bloody discharge. Dirty gray films form on the mucous membrane of the eyelids and cannot be removed. When films are forcibly removed, bleeding surfaces are formed.

At about the 2nd week of the disease, the films are rejected, the swelling goes away, and the amount of discharge increases. After 2 weeks, diphtheritic conjunctivitis ends or becomes chronic. After inflammation, complications may develop, such as scars on the conjunctiva, entropion of the eyelid, etc.

Chlamydial

The disease begins with sudden onset of photophobia, which is accompanied by rapid swelling eyelids and redness of the eye mucosa. A scanty mucopurulent discharge appears, which sticks the eyelids together in the morning. The most pronounced inflammatory process is localized in the lower eyelid area. First, one eye is affected, but with inadequate hygiene, the inflammation spreads to the second.

Chlamydial conjunctivitis often appears in the form of epidemic outbreaks during mass visits to swimming pools. Therefore, chlamydial conjunctivitis is also called pool or bath conjunctivitis.

Viral

Conjunctivitis can be caused by adenoviruses, herpes viruses, atypical trachoma virus, measles, smallpox viruses, etc. The most common are herpetic and adenoviral conjunctivitis, which are very contagious. Therefore, patients with viral conjunctivitis should be isolated from others until complete recovery.

Herpetic conjunctivitis is characterized by severe redness, infiltration, and the formation of follicles on the mucous membrane of the eye. Thin films are often formed, which are easily removed without damaging the underlying tissue. Inflammation of the conjunctiva is accompanied by photophobia, blepharospasm and lacrimation.

Adenoviral conjunctivitis can occur in three forms:

The catarrhal form is characterized by mild inflammation. The redness of the eye is not severe, and the discharge is very scanty;

The filmy form is characterized by the formation of thin films on the surface of the mucous membrane of the eye. The films are easily removed with a cotton swab, but are sometimes tightly attached to the underlying surface. Hemorrhages and compactions may form in the thickness of the conjunctiva, which completely disappear after recovery;

The follicular form is characterized by the formation of small blisters on the conjunctiva.

Adenoviral conjunctivitis is very often combined with a sore throat and elevated body temperature, as a result of which the disease is called adenopharyngoconjunctival fever.

Allergic

Allergic conjunctivitis, depending on the factor that provokes it, is divided into the following clinical forms:

Hay conjunctivitis, provoked by allergies to pollen, flowering plants, etc.;

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis;

Drug allergy to eye medications, manifested in the form of conjunctivitis;

Chronic allergic conjunctivitis;

Allergic conjunctivitis associated with wearing contact lenses.

The clinical form of allergic conjunctivitis is determined based on the analysis of anamnesis data. Knowing the form of conjunctivitis is necessary to select optimal therapy.

Symptoms of any form of allergic conjunctivitis include unbearable itching and burning on the mucous membrane and skin of the eyelids, as well as photophobia, lacrimation, severe swelling and redness of the eye.

Chronic

This type of inflammatory process in the conjunctiva of the eye lasts a long time, and the person presents numerous subjective complaints, the severity of which does not correlate with the degree of objective changes in the mucous membrane. A person is bothered by a feeling of heaviness in the eyelids, “sand” or “garbage” in the eyes, pain, fatigue when reading, itching and a feeling of heat. During an objective examination, the doctor notes slight redness of the conjunctiva and the presence of irregularities in it due to enlargement of the papillae. The discharge is very scanty.

Chronic conjunctivitis is provoked by physical or chemical factors, which irritate the mucous membrane of the eye, for example, dust, gases, smoke, etc. Most often, chronic conjunctivitis affects people working in flour-grinding, chemical, textile, cement, brick and sawmill factories and enterprises. In addition, chronic conjunctivitis can develop in people against the background of diseases digestive system, nasopharynx and sinuses, as well as anemia, vitamin deficiencies, helminthic infestations, etc. Treatment of chronic conjunctivitis consists of eliminating the causative factor and restoring normal functioning of the eye.

Angular

Also called corner. The disease is caused by the Morax–Axenfeld bacillus and most often occurs chronically. A person is bothered by pain and severe itching in the corners of the eye, which intensifies in the evening. The skin in the corners of the eyes is red and cracks may appear. The mucous membrane of the eye is moderately reddish. The discharge is scanty, viscous, mucous in nature. During the night, the discharge accumulates in the corner of the eye and hardens in the form of a small dense lump. Proper treatment can completely eliminate angular conjunctivitis, and the lack of therapy leads to the fact that the inflammatory process continues for years.

Purulent

Always bacterial. With this type of conjunctivitis, a person develops copious discharge of a purulent nature in the affected eye. Purulent is gonococcal, pseudomonas, pneumococcal and staphylococcal conjunctivitis. With the development of purulent conjunctivitis, it is necessary to use local antibiotics in the form of ointments, drops, etc.

Catarrhal

It can be viral, allergic or chronic, depending on the causative factor that provoked the inflammatory process on the mucous membrane of the eye. With catarrhal conjunctivitis, a person experiences moderate swelling and redness of the eyelids and mucous membrane of the eye, and the discharge is mucous or mucopurulent. Photophobia is moderate. With catarrhal conjunctivitis, there are no hemorrhages in the mucous membrane of the eye, the papillae do not enlarge, and follicles and films do not form. This type of conjunctivitis usually resolves within 10 days without causing severe complications.

Papillary

It is a clinical form of allergic conjunctivitis, and therefore usually lasts a long time. With papillary conjunctivitis, the existing papillae in the mucous membrane of the eye enlarge, forming irregularities and roughness on its surface. A person is usually bothered by itching, burning, pain in the eye in the eyelid area and scanty mucous discharge. Most often, papillary conjunctivitis develops due to constant wearing of contact lenses, the use of ocular prostheses, or prolonged contact of the surface of the eye with a foreign object.

Follicular

It is characterized by the appearance on the mucous membrane of the eye of grayish-pink follicles and papillae, which are infiltrates. The swelling of the eyelids and conjunctiva is not severe, but the redness is pronounced. Infiltrates in the mucous membrane of the eye cause severe lacrimation and severe blepharospasm (closing of the eyelids).

Follicular conjunctivitis, depending on the type of pathogen, can be viral (adenoviral) or bacterial (for example, staphylococcal). Follicular conjunctivitis occurs actively for 2–3 weeks, after which the inflammation gradually decreases, completely disappearing within 1–3 weeks. The total duration of follicular conjunctivitis is 2 – 3 months.

Temperature with conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis almost never causes fever. However, if conjunctivitis occurs against the background of any infectious inflammatory disease(for example, bronchitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, etc.), then a person’s temperature may rise. In this case, temperature is not a sign of conjunctivitis, but of an infectious disease.

Conjunctivitis – photo

The photograph shows catarrhal conjunctivitis with moderate redness and swelling, as well as scanty mucous discharge.

The photograph shows purulent conjunctivitis with severe swelling, severe redness and purulent discharge.

What tests can a doctor prescribe for conjunctivitis?

For conjunctivitis, doctors rarely prescribe any studies or tests, since a simple examination and questioning about the nature of the discharge and existing symptoms is usually sufficient to determine the type of disease and, accordingly, prescribe the necessary treatment. After all, each type of conjunctivitis has its own characteristics that allow it to be distinguished from other types of the disease with sufficient accuracy.

However, in some cases, when it is not possible to accurately determine the type of conjunctivitis based on examination and questioning, or it occurs in an erased form, an ophthalmologist may prescribe the following studies:

Culture of discharge from the eye for aerobic microflora and determination of the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics;
Culture of discharge from the eye for anaerobic microflora and determination of sensitivity to antibiotics;
Culture of discharge from the eye for gonococcus (N. gonorrhoeae) and determination of sensitivity to antibiotics;
Determination of the presence of IgA antibodies to adenovirus in the blood;
Determination of the presence of IgE antibodies in the blood.

Culture of discharge from the eye for aerobic and anaerobic microflora, as well as gonococcus, is used to identify bacterial conjunctivitis, which is difficult to treat or cannot be treated at all. These cultures are also used for chronic bacterial conjunctivitis to determine which antibiotic will be most effective in this particular case. In addition, culture for gonococcus is used for bacterial conjunctivitis in children to confirm or refute the diagnosis of gonoblennorrhea.

An analysis to determine antibodies to adenovirus in the blood is used in cases of suspected viral conjunctivitis.

An IgE antibody test in the blood is used to confirm suspected allergic conjunctivitis.

Which doctor should I contact for conjunctivitis?

If signs of conjunctivitis appear, you should contact an ophthalmologist (ophthalmologist) or a pediatric ophthalmologist (), if we are talking about a child. If for some reason it is impossible to get an appointment with an ophthalmologist, then adults should contact therapist(), and for children - to pediatrician ().

General principles of treatment of all types of conjunctivitis

Regardless of the type of conjunctivitis, its treatment consists of eliminating the causative factor and using medications that relieve the painful symptoms of the inflammatory disease.

Symptomatic treatment aimed at eliminating the manifestations of the inflammatory disease involves the use of topical drugs that are injected directly into the eye.

When the first signs of conjunctivitis develop, it is necessary first of all to relieve pain by introducing drops containing local anesthetics, such as, for example, Pyromecaine, Trimecaine or Lidocaine, into the eye sac. After pain relief, it is necessary to clean the ciliary edge of the eyelids and the mucous membrane of the eye, washing its surface with antiseptic solutions, such as potassium permanganate, brilliant green, Furacilin (1:1000 dilution), Dimexide, Oxycyanate.

After pain relief and conjunctival sanitation, medications containing antibiotics, sulfonamides, antiviral or antihistamines are injected into the eye. In this case, the choice of drug depends on the causative factor of inflammation. If bacterial inflammation occurs, antibiotics are used. sulfonamides (for example, tetracycline ointment, Albucid, etc.).

For viral conjunctivitis, local agents with antiviral components are used (for example, Kerecid, Florenal, etc.).

For allergic conjunctivitis it is necessary to use antihistamines, for example, drops with Diphenhydramine, Dibazol, etc.

Treatment of conjunctivitis should be carried out until complete disappearance clinical symptoms. During the treatment of conjunctivitis, it is strictly forbidden to apply any bandages to the eyes, as this will create favorable conditions for the proliferation of various microorganisms, which will lead to complications or aggravate the course of the process.

Principles of treatment at home

Viral

For adenoviral conjunctivitis, interferon preparations, such as Interferon or Laferon, are used to destroy the virus. Interferons are used in the form of instillation of a freshly prepared solution into the eye. In the first 2–3 days, interferons are injected into the eyes 6–8 times a day, then 4–5 times a day until the symptoms disappear completely. In addition, ointments with an antiviral effect, such as Tebrofenovaya, Florenalovaya or Bonaftonovaya, are applied 2-4 times a day. In case of severe inflammation of the eye, it is recommended to inject Diclofenac into the eye 3-4 times a day. In order to prevent dry eye syndrome, artificial tear substitutes are used throughout the course of treatment, for example, Oftagel, Systane, Vidisik, etc.

Herpes viral
In order to destroy the virus, interferon solutions are also used, which are prepared from lyophilized powder immediately before injection into the eye. For the first 2–3 days, interferon solutions are administered 6–8 times a day, then 4–5 times a day until the symptoms disappear completely. To reduce inflammation, relieve pain, itching and burning, Diclofenac is injected into the eye. To prevent bacterial complications in herpetic conjunctivitis, Picloxidine or a solution of silver nitrate is injected into the eyes 3 to 4 times a day.

Bacterial

During the entire course of treatment, Diclofenac should be instilled into the eyes 2–4 times a day to reduce the severity of the inflammatory process. The discharge must be removed by washing the eye with antiseptic solutions, for example, Furacilin diluted 1: 1000 or 2% boric acid. To destroy the pathogenic microbe, ointments or drops with antibiotics or sulfonamides are used, such as Tetracycline, Gentamicin, Erythromycin, Lomefloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Albucid, etc. Ointment or drops with antibiotics should be administered 4 - 6 times a day, then 2 - 3 times a day until the clinical symptoms completely disappear. Along with antibacterial ointments and drops, Picloxidine can be instilled into the eyes 3 times a day.

Chlamydial

Since chlamydia are intracellular microorganisms, treatment of the infectious and inflammatory process provoked by them requires the use of systemic medications. Therefore, for chlamydial conjunctivitis, it is necessary to take Levofloxacin 1 tablet per day for a week.

At the same time, local medications with antibiotics, such as Erythromycin ointment or Lomefloxacin drops, should be injected into the affected eye 4 to 5 times a day. The ointment and drops must be used continuously from 3 weeks to 3 months, until the clinical symptoms completely disappear. To reduce the inflammatory reaction, Diclofenac is administered into the eye 2 times a day, also for 1 to 3 months. If Diclofenac does not help stop inflammation, then it is replaced with Dexamethasone, which is also administered 2 times a day. To prevent dry eye syndrome, it is necessary to use artificial tear preparations daily, such as Oxial, Oftagel, etc.

Purulent

In case of purulent conjunctivitis, be sure to rinse the eye with antiseptic solutions (2% boric acid, Furacilin, potassium permanganate, etc.) to remove copious discharge. Eye rinsing is done as needed. Treatment of conjunctivitis consists of injecting Erythromycin, Tetracycline or Gentamicin ointment or Lomefloxacin into the eye 2 to 3 times a day until clinical symptoms completely disappear. In case of severe swelling, Diclofenac is injected into the eye to relieve it.

Allergic

For the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, local antihistamines (Spersallerg, Allergoftal) and agents that reduce mast cell degranulation (Lecrolin 2%, Kusikrom 4%, Alomide 1%) are used. These drugs are administered into the eyes 2 times a day for a long time. If these drugs do not completely relieve the symptoms of conjunctivitis, then anti-inflammatory drops Diclofenac, Dexalox, Maxidex, etc. are added to them. For severe allergic conjunctivitis, eye drops containing corticosteroids and antibiotics are used, for example, Maxitrol, Tobradex, etc.

Chronic

For successful therapy chronic conjunctivitis, the cause of inflammation should be eliminated. To stop the inflammatory process, a 0.25 - 0.5% solution of zinc sulfate with a 1% solution of resorcinol is instilled into the eyes. In addition, solutions of Protargol and Collargol can be injected into the eyes 2 to 3 times a day. Before going to bed, apply yellow mercury ointment to the eyes.

Preparations (medicine) for the treatment of conjunctivitis

To treat conjunctivitis, topical medications are used in two main forms - drops and ointments, recommended by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Also for the treatment of conjunctivitis, drops and ointments are presented in the table.

Ointments for the treatment of conjunctivitis	Drops for the treatment of conjunctivitis
Erythromycin (antibiotic)	Picloxidine (antiseptic)
Tetracycline ointment (antibiotic)	Albucid 20% (antiseptic)
Gentamicin (antibiotic)	Levomycetin drops (antibiotic)
Yellow mercury ointment (antiseptic)	Diclofenac (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug)
	Dexamethasone (anti-inflammatory drug)
	Olopatodine (anti-inflammatory drug)
	Suprastin
	Fenistil (anti-allergic drug)
	Oxial (artificial tear)
	Tobradex (anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agent)

Folk remedies

Folk remedies can be used in complex treatment conjunctivitis as solutions for washing and treating eyes. Currently, the most effective folk remedies used for conjunctivitis are the following:

Pass the dill through a meat grinder, collect the resulting pulp in cheesecloth and squeeze thoroughly to obtain clear juice. Soak a clean, soft cotton cloth in dill juice and place it on your eyes for 15 to 20 minutes when the initial signs of conjunctivitis appear;

Dilute honey with boiled water in a ratio of 1: 2 and drip the resulting solution into the eyes as needed;

Grind two teaspoons of rose hips and pour a glass of boiling water over them. Boil the berries and leave for half an hour. Strain the finished infusion, moisten a clean cloth in it and apply lotions to the eyes when pus is discharged;

Grind 10 g of plantain seeds in a mortar and pour a glass of boiling water over them, then leave for half an hour and strain. In the finished infusion, moisten a clean cloth and apply lotions to the eyes. You can also rinse your eyes with the infusion as needed;

Collect fresh datura leaves and chop them. Then pour 30 g of crushed leaves with a glass of boiling water, leave for half an hour, then strain. Use the finished infusion to make lotions.

What is the recovery treatment after conjunctivitis?

Conjunctivitis can cause various visual disturbances associated with damage to the mucous membrane of the eye. Therefore, after a complete recovery, a person may be bothered by periodic discomfort, which is quite treatable. Currently, ophthalmologists recommend that immediately after relief of inflammation in conjunctivitis, begin the use of local medications that accelerate healing and complete restoration of tissue structure (repairs).

Among the most effective and frequently used reparatives is Solcoseryl eye gel, made from the blood of dairy calves.

This drug activates metabolism at the cellular level, as a result of which tissue restoration occurs in a short time. In addition, the damaged structure is completely restored, which, accordingly, creates conditions for the normalization of the functions of the damaged organ, in this case the eye. Solcoseryl ensures the formation of a normal and uniform mucous membrane of the eye, which will perfectly perform its functions and will not create any subjective discomfort. Thus, rehabilitation treatment after conjunctivitis consists of using eye gel Solcoseryl for 1 – 3 weeks.

Before use, you should consult a specialist.

Adenoviral	Adenovirus, more common in children	Airborne, the disease is epidemic in nature
Herpetic	Herpes virus	Other people's hygiene items, dirty hands
Allergic	Allergen	The reaction occurs instantly
Spicy	Coccal flora	Unwashed hands, hypothermia, overheating, microtrauma, myopia or astigmatism
Acute epidemic (Koch-Wicks)	Koch-Wicks wand	Airborne droplets, dirty hands, dust, wind, bright sunlight, observed mainly in warm time of the year
Blenorrheic in newborns	Gonococcus	From a mother infected with gonorrhea during childbirth
Morax-Axenfeld (angular)	Diplobacillus Morax-Axenfeld	Transmitted through personal hygiene items of an infected person
Chronic	External irritants - dust, chemicals, internal factors- vitamin deficiency, metabolic disorders, pathologies of the lacrimal ducts, ENT organs, ametropia
Toxic	Caused by exposure to toxins in the mucous membrane of the eye

What is conjunctivitis?

Classification

What can cause conjunctivitis?

Symptoms, diagnosis and consequences of conjunctivitis

How to treat adult conjunctivitis at home

Washing

Eye drops for conjunctivitis

Ointment for conjunctivitis in adults

Do they give an adult sick leave with conjunctivitis?

Forms of the disease

Video - Conjunctivitis: symptoms and treatment

Drug therapy

Diet therapy

Traditional medicine recipes

Video - How to treat conjunctivitis in children and adults

Colloidal silver

Carrot

Tea brewing

Bay leaf

Rose petals

Marshmallow root

Bee products

How to avoid re-infection?

Symptoms

Phytotherapy

Products with honey

Other methods

Symptoms and complaints of acute conjunctivitis

Causes of the disease

Diagnosis of acute conjunctivitis

Treatment of conjunctivitis

Forecast

Prevention

Etiology

Possible symptoms

Features in children

Diagnostic measures

Acute conjunctivitis

Symptoms of acute conjunctivitis

Diagnosis of acute conjunctivitis

Treatment of acute conjunctivitis

Classification

Causes

Symptoms of different types of conjunctivitis

Acute (epidemic) conjunctivitis

Bacterial

Chlamydial

Viral

Allergic

Chronic

Angular

Purulent

Catarrhal

Papillary

Follicular

Temperature with conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis – photo

What tests can a doctor prescribe for conjunctivitis?

Which doctor should I contact for conjunctivitis?

General principles of treatment of all types of conjunctivitis

Principles of treatment at home

Viral

Bacterial

Chlamydial

Purulent

Allergic

Chronic

Preparations (medicine) for the treatment of conjunctivitis

Folk remedies

What is the recovery treatment after conjunctivitis?

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