Anemia (anemia) is called non-infectious pathology blood, which is characterized by a decrease in the level of red blood cells and hemoglobin. Red blood cells perform in the body important function- transport oxygen to tissues and organs. With anemia, oxygen deficiency occurs (tissue hypoxia).
Signs of anemia in women are nonspecific. They are combined with laboratory changes, which help clarify the diagnosis. Symptoms and treatment are largely determined by the type of anemia, the causes of its occurrence, the level of iron and other compounds, and the degree of hemoglobin deficiency.
Causes of disease in women
The causes of anemia in women are:
- Acute and chronic blood loss. It is possible with hemorrhoids, gynecological diseases With uterine bleeding And heavy menstruation(fibroids, cancer, endometriosis, polyps, cervicitis, erosion), hemorrhoids, operations, anal fissures, leukemia, leukemia, injuries, ulcers. Bleeding is the cause of the development of posthemorrhagic anemia in women.
- Helminthiases.
- Lack of iron in the body. It is observed in vegetarians and vegans due to the absence of meat products in the menu.
- Malabsorption syndrome (impaired absorption of substances in the intestine).
- Increased body need for iron and vitamins (B12 and folic acid). Possible during pregnancy and intense exercise.
- Frequent blood donation (donation).
- Blood diseases.
- Violation of the hematopoietic process (hypoplasia or aplasia bone marrow).
- Poor nutrition (lack of vitamins, macroelements and micronutrients in the menu). Anemia in women often develops in the absence of liver, eggs, vegetables, fruits and greens in the diet.
- Liver diseases (cirrhosis, hepatitis).
- Pathology of the stomach and intestines (enteritis).
- Irradiation (intense ionizing radiation).
- Chemotherapy.
- Exposure to mutagenic chemical substances.
- Smoking.
- Irrational use of medications.
- Congenital anomalies. May cause the synthesis of abnormal hemoglobin.
- Female alcoholism.
- Tumors.
- Hyperthyroidism.
- Hereditary diseases.
- Psoriasis.
- Viral and bacterial infections.
Symptoms
Anemia manifests itself externally (changes in skin color, trophic disorders, damage to the mucous membranes) and internal signs(organ dysfunction). During laboratory tests(diagnostics) the following manifestations of anemia are determined:
- A drop in red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood.
- Change in concentration serum iron. It decreases in thalassemia, iron deficiency and chronic posthemorrhagic anemia. An increase in iron indicates B12-deficiency and hemolytic forms of this pathology.
- Change in color index (degree of saturation of red blood cells with hemoglobin). This indicator is increased in B12 and folate deficiency anemia. Hypochromia is characteristic of thalassemia, iron deficiency and chronic posthemorrhagic anemia. For hemolytic and acute posthemorrhagic forms of anemia color index fine.
- Changes in the shape and size of red blood cells.
- Decrease in platelets and leukocytes. It is observed in the hypoplastic form of anemia in women.
- Changes in bone marrow composition.
- Low levels of cobalamin and folic acid in the blood.
- Increased bilirubin. Characteristic for hemolytic anemia.
Anemia in women is characterized by wide variability clinical symptoms.
Internal symptoms
Internal (not detected during examination) symptoms of anemia in women include:
- Impaired sense of smell and taste. Occurs when there is a lack of iron in the body.
- Muscle weakness. The reason is insufficient oxygen supply to the muscles.
- Fatigue during physical work.
- Respiratory disorders in the form of shortness of breath and a feeling of heaviness in the chest.
- Headache and dizziness.
- Signs of dysfunction gastrointestinal tract(bloating, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, lack of appetite).
- Enlarged liver and spleen. Identified during palpation and percussion.
- Decreased memory, deterioration in thinking and memory.
- Cardiovascular disorders (tachycardia, drop in blood pressure, chest pain, palpitations and heart palpitations).
- Fainting.
- Weight loss. Characteristic of B12 deficiency anemia.
- Presence of floaters or fog before the eyes. With anemia, women may experience decreased vision.
- Sensory disorders(pins and needles, burning, tingling, sensation of warmth or cold). It is observed in cases of anemia due to a lack of cobalamins.
- Movement disorders(inconsistency of movements, clumsiness).
- Disorders of urination and defecation.
- Deterioration of sleep.
- Decreased performance.
- Migraine. It manifests itself against the background of prolonged oxygen deficiency in the brain.
External signs
External signs of anemia in adult women are:
- Change in skin color. The face becomes pale. A slight icteric tint is possible (with hemolytic anemia). The most constant external sign of anemia in women.
- Pallor of the mucous membrane. This sign detected by examination of the oral mucosa.
- Dry skin, decreased elasticity, peeling and cracks.
- Loss of shine in hair, increased hair loss and thinning.
- The presence of cracks on the lips and sticking in the corners of the mouth.
- Visible destruction of tooth enamel.
- Changes in fingernails and toenails.
- Changes in the tongue (disappearance of papillae, red coloration, presence of cracks).
- Change in urine color. In hemolytic anemia, it becomes dark brown or cherry in color.
- Behavior change.
- The presence of ulcers on the skin of the hands and feet. Characteristic of thalassemia.
- Changing the shape of bones in different parts of the body. Seen in thalassemia.
Features of treatment
Treatment of anemia in women is carried out after excluding other pathologies (leukemia, congenital anomalies, hemophilia). Complex therapy includes:
- Eliminating the cause of anemia. Treatment may be necessary for existing inflammatory diseases, quitting smoking and alcoholic beverages, avoiding contact with chemicals, treating helminthiases.
- Taking medications. Iron deficiency anemia should be treated with iron supplements and complex products with vitamins and microelements. Ferro-Folgamma, Sorbifer Durules, Ferrum Lek, Ferlatum, Aktiferrin and Maltofer are used. For B12 and folate deficiency anemia, Folic acid and Cyanocobalamin are prescribed. Drugs such as Mamifol and Folacin are often used. For aplastic anemia, Epostim and Erythrostim are effective. For anemia of autoimmune etiology, corticosteroids and immunosuppressants are used.
- Strict diet. Sick women need to avoid foods that impede the absorption and absorption of iron (black tea, soy, rice, milk). You need to eat foods rich in folic acid, iron, vitamin C and cobalamins more often. Red meat, liver, vegetables, fruits, yeast, eggs and greens are beneficial. It is necessary to diversify your diet as much as possible. This will ensure that the body receives the necessary substances.
- Maintaining healthy image life.
- Red blood cell transfusion. Required for severe blood loss and low hemoglobin levels.
- Administration of infusion agents ( hypertonic solutions, electrolytes, glucose solution with ascorbic acid). Effective for acute posthemorrhagic anemia in women.
- Correction of the heart, kidneys and liver. For this purpose, symptomatic drugs are prescribed.
- Removal of the spleen (splenectomy). This operation is most effective for hemolytic anemia with microspherocytosis.
- Forced diuresis. Required for anemia of toxic nature.
How dangerous is the disease for women?
Any anemia is dangerous for women. In the absence of proper treatment, the following consequences are possible:
- jaundice (with hemolytic anemia);
- liver enlargement;
- mental disorders;
- decreased intelligence;
- impaired fetal development (in pregnant women);
- arterial hypotension;
- anorexia;
- stomatitis;
- asthenovegetative syndrome;
- ischemic disease;
- heart failure.
With adequate and timely treatment, the prognosis is most often favorable.
We are used to thinking about our health last. People often suffer from colds “on their feet”, prescribe vitamins and painkillers for themselves, and medical examinations have not yet become a habit among Russians.
Symptoms that are “trivial” at first glance may indicate serious illness, so it is very important to listen to your body. Signs of anemia in women are often attributed to excessive workload and stress. However, diagnostics and timely treatment can significantly improve the condition of patients.
What is anemia?
This is a clinical-hematological syndrome in which the level of hemoglobin in the blood decreases and the number of red blood cells decreases. Anemia itself is not a disease, so in medicine there are seven classifications of it according to various criteria.
Most often, specialists diagnose iron deficiency anemia, in which there is an imbalance of one of the most important elements. It is iron that is present in many enzymes involved in the life of the body.
Causes and symptoms of anemia in women require special attention. At first, representatives of the fair sex may not even be aware of their illness. Increased fatigue or drowsiness, Bad mood and even hair loss is often attributed to vitamin deficiency.
Unfortunately, multivitamin complexes can only temporarily reduce the signs of anemia in adult women, but independent decision problems are impossible.
Hemolytic, iron deficiency, aplastic or B12 deficiency - it is impossible to determine the type of anemia only based on the patient’s complaints, so do not delay a visit to the doctor.
Diagnostics
Even if you re-read all the literature and find out all the signs of anemia in women, only a specialist can make a diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment. Diagnosis is carried out based on the following studies:
Biochemical blood test (determining the level of CVS, iron, hemoglobin, bilirubin and ferritin);
General blood test (determining the number of reticulocytes and platelets, studying the morphology of red blood cells).
Additionally, the doctor may prescribe endoscopic and x-ray examination intestines and stomach, tomography of the lungs or ultrasonography kidneys - all measures are carried out to exclude various diseases.
Iron-deficiency anemia
Iron deficiency occurs when the following diseases or physiological conditions:
- Blood loss of various origins. Most often, increased consumption of iron occurs during bleeding from the digestive canal ( peptic ulcer, gastritis) and uterine (uterine fibroids). Less commonly, the cause is trauma, pulmonary, kidney or nosebleeds.
- Unbalanced diet. In adults and children, iron deficiency occurs during fasting, chronic malnutrition, and also in the case of a monotonous diet high in sugars and fats. Babies may not get enough important element with iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy.
- Impaired absorption of iron. Iron absorption deteriorates due to scarring, atrophy and inflammatory processes V small intestine. In addition, experts also remind about physiological conditions due to which the need for iron sharply increases. These include pregnancy and lactation - at this moment the first signs of anemia in women appear. The body's reserves are not enough to cover the placenta, fetal needs, or blood loss during childbirth.
During the first two years of life due to rapid growth the child also needs iron. The next stage of accelerated development occurs during puberty; in girls, this is associated with the onset of menstruation.
At risk
Why are we talking specifically about women? Experts have calculated that hidden iron deficiency is observed specifically in women of childbearing age (20-30%), and every third representative of the fair sex suffers from iron deficiency anemia.
Main reasons:
Pregnancy;
Uterine bleeding;
Pathological menstruation.
among women
The main signs of anemia can cause a lot of inconvenience. General malaise and weakness, decreased performance and drowsiness are the most common complaints of the fair sex. Additionally, dry mouth, shortness of breath, palpitations and difficulty swallowing appear. In severe anemia, dizziness and headache accompany fainting.
Unfortunately, an imbalance of iron will certainly affect your appearance:
Decreased appetite, the need for salty, spicy or sour foods, perversion of taste and smell - all these are signs of iron deficiency anemia in women, which quickly disappear with proper treatment.
Treatment
Treatment tactics for anemia depend on the severity of the condition and the type of anemia. First of all, it is necessary to establish the cause of its occurrence and, if possible, eliminate it.
An integrated approach will not only help eliminate signs of anemia in women, but will also replenish the reserves of essential substances in the body. An important step is following a therapeutic diet.
For iron deficiency anemia, the attending physician prescribes iron supplements. According to WHO recommendations, preference is given to medications with divalent iron. The duration of treatment should not be less than three months.
Present on the pharmaceutical market in large quantities:
- "Ferrum lek."
- "Sorbifer durules".
- "Jectofer."
- "Totema".
- "Conferon".
- "Ferroceron".
- "Maltofer."
- "Ferroplex".
- "Tardiferon".
- "Feramid".
“Iron” products
Iron supplements are prescribed based on the results laboratory research, and help eliminate the signs and symptoms of anemia.
Treatment tips for women also include creating a balanced diet that includes foods high in iron:
- Vegetables: mushrooms, green radishes, sun-dried tomatoes, spinach, beans, parsley, carrots, broccoli, green peas and Brussels sprouts.
- Fruits: apricots (dried apricots), watermelon, persimmons, raisins, currants, dates, pomegranate and prunes.
- Red meat. You should not abuse this product; it is enough to eat a small amount of lean meat 2-3 times a week. Offal products, such as beef liver, are also incredibly useful.
- Cereals: wild rice, bulgur, cereals, barley and corn.
A special diet rich in foods with iron is sufficient effective method increasing the level of hemoglobin in the blood. However, in emergency situation When the hemoglobin level tends to be critically low, the attending physician takes more effective measures.
ethnoscience
IN folk medicine There is sure to be a cure for any ailment. It turns out that signs of anemia in women, according to old recipes healers and healers, can be removed using ordinary products.
Tip No. 1. Radish - this vegetable was already on our list. During the day, eat a teaspoon of grated radish (6 servings). The course of treatment is one month.
Tip No. 2. To normalize blood pressure, as well as get rid of drowsiness, weakness, lack of appetite and vitality will help Boil a glass of milk and add 2-3 crushed cloves of garlic. Drink 30 ml three times a day.
Tip No. 3. It is useful for elderly patients suffering from anemia to drink kefir with honey. A tablespoon of honey is needed for a glass of fermented milk drink.
Tip #4: For cooking you will need dried strawberry leaves. Pour boiling water over a tablespoon and leave for twenty minutes. Replace tea with a drink with added milk and honey, drink twice a day.
Prevention
We know that the fair sex is inclined to self-improvement. However, experiments with appearance do not always end well.
The main danger is posed by diets based on the consumption of one product or severely restricting the diet. If, in order to lose weight, a woman temporarily refuses iron-containing products, then her well-being should be under control.
Coffee lovers should reconsider their habits, because excessive consumption of the aromatic drink accelerates the leaching of iron from the body.
Before talking about the causes and symptoms of anemia, you should understand in detail what this disease is and what types it is divided into. It can cause great discomfort. Therefore, it is so important to know how anemia manifests itself, symptoms and treatment in adult women.
What is anemia: types of disease
So, anemia is a fairly common disease associated with a significant decrease in hemoglobin levels in the blood. Naturally, after this the question arises: what is hemoglobin?
A special protein is called hemoglobin, which is contained in red blood cells, medically called erythrocytes.
Hemoglobin is a kind of “vehicle” that carries a certain amount of oxygen to the internal organs. It turns out that the more such “ Vehicle"is present in the blood, the more oxygen flows to vital organs, which, accordingly, begin to function much better.
Anemia in medicine is divided into several types:
- iron deficiency;
- posthemorrhagic;
- aplastic;
- deficient in B12.
Naturally, these types of anemia have one thing in common - these diseases begin to gradually intensify when there are failures in the formation of red blood cells or with fairly large blood losses.
Symptoms and signs of anemia in adult women
Accordingly, all types of this disease have certain general symptoms, some of which include increased heart rate and weakness.
In addition, anemia, regardless of the type, has other common symptoms:
- sudden shortness of breath that occurs during normal exercise or exercise;
- “flies” running before the eyes, severe dizziness;
- pale tint of mucous membranes and skin;
- increased frequency or simply sudden onset of angina attacks;
- serious disturbances in the menstrual cycle.
Symptoms of anemia vary depending on the type. So, for example, the following symptoms are characteristic of hemolytic anemia:
- yellow discoloration of the mucous membranes and skin due to an increase in the level of bilirubin in the blood;
- enlargement of the spleen, also called splenomegaly.
The most widespread in our country is iron deficiency anemia, which begins to gradually and completely unnoticeably develop with a lack of iron. Iron deficiency anemia has its own symptoms:
- severe and sudden dizziness accompanied by tinnitus;
- muscle weakness and high degree of fatigue;
- shortness of breath during physical activity and pain in the area of the heart muscle and rapid heartbeat;
- the desire to consume clay, chalk and other perversions of taste;
- pallor of the mucous membranes and skin.
In addition, there may be a decrease in secretion gastric juice, hypotension and tachycardia.
Pernicious or B12-deficiency anemia has its own symptoms:
- a sharp decrease in appetite;
- deterioration of intestinal function;
- nausea or vomiting.
As for aplastic anemia, it develops quickly and acutely most often, and if we talk about the symptoms of such a disease, they include the following:
- clearly visible pallor of the face;
- severe weakness;
- tinnitus accompanied by dizziness;
- tachycardia. In addition, with aplastic anemia, other symptoms may be observed, such as nosebleeds, severe bleeding in the gums, and constant bruising.
Treatment of anemia in women with folk remedies at home
Traditional recipes can act as an adjuvant to the main therapy. Therefore, they must be agreed with the attending physician. To eliminate the disease, mixtures of vegetables and herbs can be taken.
- Carrot, radish and beet juice are mixed in equal proportions. The mixture is left to simmer slowly over low heat for 2-3 hours. Take the consistency before meals, 1 tbsp. The treatment period can reach several months.
- Fortified juices are effective for anemia. They can be mixed according to the principle described above, or you can drink a drink from one variety. For treatment, you can use pomegranate, birch, beet, grape, and apple drinks.
- A chicory drink is useful for general lethargy associated with iron deficiency.
- Birch and nettle leaves are brewed in a thermos with boiling water. Drink the mixture before meals.
- Rose hips have a general strengthening effect. They can be brewed in a thermos.
It should be taken into account that traditional methods do not provide fast action. The course of treatment is usually more than 1 month. Therefore, this treatment is effective on early stages development of the disease.
Treatment of anemia with medication: drugs
Doctors prescribe medications with a high iron content to the patient. Self-administration of medications is not recommended. Only after comprehensive survey the specialist will prescribe the necessary medications.
Among the popular drugs are:
- Sorbifer.
- Fenyuls.
- Actiferrin.
As complex treatment may be assigned folic acid, B vitamins.
If basic therapy does not give positive result, then the doctor prescribes treatment hormonal drugs. Experts advise contacting early manifestations anemia, symptoms and treatment in adult women must be interrelated. Very often the disease manifests itself in postmenopausal patients. Therefore, consultation with an endocrinologist or gynecologist is necessary.
Anemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the level of hemoglobin and red blood cells in the blood. This is not an independent disease, but a symptom indicating that not everything is in order with the body. There are several types of anemia. In 80% of cases, iron deficiency anemia is diagnosed. It develops due to insufficient iron in the body.
Causes
The following reasons can lead to the development of iron deficiency anemia.
Chronic bleeding(in 80% of cases):
- uncontrolled donation;
- blood loss due to transfusion or hemodialysis;
- pulmonary and nasal bleeding;
- neoplasms in bladder and kidneys, polycystic kidney disease, urolithiasis disease, chronic pyelo- and glomerulonephritis;
- fibroids, endometriosis, heavy and prolonged menstruation;
- bleeding from the digestive tract: hemorrhoids, neoplasms, hookworm infestations, colon diverticula, varicose veins esophageal veins, erosive gastritis, peptic ulcer.
Insufficient absorption of iron, as a consequence of such diseases:
- intestinal amyloidosis;
- malabsorption syndrome;
- chronic enteritis;
- resection of the small intestine.
Increased need for iron during sports, pregnancy and lactation, during intensive growth.
Insufficient intake of iron from food for vegetarians.
Together with food, a woman’s body should receive 15 mg of iron daily, and for pregnant women this figure is 30 mg.
Signs
Iron deficiency anemia in women manifests itself with the following symptoms:
- decreased performance, malaise, general and muscle weakness;
- drowsiness, decreased concentration, fast fatiguability, dizziness, headache, fainting;
- tingling and dry tongue, change in taste;
- feeling foreign body in the throat, difficulty swallowing, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat;
- dry hair and skin, brittle nails;
- itching and burning of the vulva;
- atrophic changes in the mucous membranes of the genital and respiratory organs, in the gastrointestinal tract;
- decreased appetite, need for salty, spicy, sour foods.
Iron deficiency anemia can be suspected by appearance. The skin becomes pale, flabby, dry, flaky, and the cheeks become flushed easily. Hair quickly turns gray and thins, breaks easily, becomes thinner, turns grey, and loses its shine. Nails become brittle, split, flatten, become dull and thin, and white stripes appear on them. At severe forms anemia, the nail plate takes on a concave shape.
Diagnostics
To diagnose iron deficiency anemia, the doctor directs patients to take a general and biochemical analysis blood. The result of a general blood test will show the level of red blood cells, reticulocytes and platelets, and a biochemical test will show the concentration of hemoglobin, bilirubin, ferritin, and iron.
The doctor may refer the patient for a consultation with a gynecologist to rule out pathologies of the uterus and appendages. The examination plan also includes endoscopic and X-ray examination intestines and stomach in order to exclude neoplasms, ulcers, polyps, diverticulum, ulcerative colitis. If there is reason to suspect pulmonary siderosis, then they are referred for tomography and radiography of the lungs, and sputum examination. If you suspect kidney disease, you need general analysis urine, x-ray and ultrasound examination of the organ.
Treatment
For effective treatment iron deficiency anemia in women, it is necessary to accurately establish the cause and, if possible, eliminate it (treat the underlying disease or eliminate the source of bleeding). Therapy for anemia should be comprehensive. The treatment program consists of the following activities:
- eliminating the cause of anemia;
- complete therapeutic nutrition;
- ferrotherapy – replenishment of iron deficiency in the body;
- relapse prevention.
People suffering from anemia need a varied diet that includes foods plant origin(bread, buckwheat, rice, raisins, pomegranates, prunes, dried apricots, spinach, peas, parsley, soybeans, beans) and meat products (liver, veal). However, diet alone cannot compensate for iron deficiency in the body. Even when eating exclusively high-calorie foods containing microelements, vitamins, iron salts and animal protein, about 3-5 mg of iron per day is absorbed into the body. Therefore, in case of anemia, iron supplements must be prescribed.
Currently the list medicines containing iron is quite wide. They differ in the following indicators:
- composition: different iron content, presence of additional components;
- dosage form: drops, tablets, capsules, injection solution.
We list the drugs most often used to treat anemia in women: Totema, Ferrum lek, Ferroceron, Ferroplex, Ferrogradumet, Feramide, Tardiferon, Maltofer.
The World Health Organization recommends prescribing products containing ferrous iron in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. Daily dose equal to 2 mg/kg elemental iron. The duration of treatment is at least 3 months, in some cases up to 4-6 months. A good iron supplement should have the following properties:
- optimal amount of iron;
- simple application scheme;
- minimum side effects;
- the presence of components that stimulate hematopoiesis and enhance absorption;
- the best price-quality ratio.
Prevention
To avoid the development of iron deficiency anemia, the following measures are recommended.
How dangerous is anemia and what are its consequences? This is a question asked by many people who are faced with pale skin and weakness. is a common disease that, at first glance, does not pose any danger. In fact, with anemia, death is also possible. Therefore, it is necessary to promptly pay attention to the symptoms of the disease and identify the cause.
Why is anemia dangerous?
In blood fluid human body There are platelets, leukocytes and erythrocytes that perform specific functions. Anemia is characterized by pathological disorders in blood cells (red blood cells), which in turn consist of an important substance - hemoglobin. It gives not only the red color, but is also responsible for gas exchange (saturates internal organs with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide). With a lack of hemoglobin, anemia develops. Hemoglobin contains iron and protein parts, and if they are deficient, the substance is not produced in sufficient quantities. Thus, the whole danger lies in a decrease in the level of red blood cells, which leads to the development of diseases of many body systems.Anemia is more related to female disease, since in men it manifests itself only in 10 cases out of 100. Based on statistical data, every fourth inhabitant of the globe suffers from anemia. This is especially true for pregnant women.
The “Live Healthy” program examines in detail the reasons reduced level hemoglobin and offers 3 interesting tests. You can see this in the presented video.
If anemia is not detected and treated in a timely manner, irreversible processes occur that lead to serious pathological diseases. This is facilitated by a decrease in hemoglobin levels, which weakens the immune system, that is, they are lost protective functions body. And this leads to frequent infection with viruses, bacteria and other harmful microorganisms.
At the same time, the body launches compensatory functions, which enhances the work of the heart and circulatory system. Frequent contractions of the heart muscle lead to tissue wear, which causes heart failure. Against the background of a weakened body, the patient becomes overly irritable, an imbalance in the psycho-emotional background is detected, and pathologies of a neurological nature develop. In addition, concentration and memory are impaired, the sense of smell and taste changes, the structure of the skin and all mucous membranes is deformed.
Possible complications:
- decreased immunity and, as a result, frequent morbidity;
- increased heart rate leads to heavy stress, resulting in the development of diseases of the cardiovascular system;
- during pregnancy there is a risk of miscarriage, and the fetus stops developing;
- V childhood growth and mental development stops;
- pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, visual apparatus, and respiratory system develop;
- hypoxic coma occurs, which can be fatal. More details about anemic coma - this is one of the types of hypoxic coma.
Consequences of grade 3 anemia
Anemia has three main degrees of severity. The 3rd is considered the heaviest. U healthy person the hemoglobin level should be 120-180 g/l, with grade 3 - only 70 g/l. And this condition is already life-threatening for the patient, since the functionality of almost all body systems is disrupted. Most severe consequences for grade 3 anemia:- cardiogenic shock;
- acute renal failure;
- blood loss;
- heart failure and subsequent stroke, heart attack, etc.
With advanced stage 3 anemia, there is a large percentage of risk fatal outcome Therefore, at the slightest suspicion of anemia, it is important to contact the clinic for examination and identification of pathology.
Consequences of anemia for women
The consequences of anemia in women are associated with organs that are considered sensitive to oxygen starvation. So, the following occurs:- Digestive disorders and damage to the mucous organs of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Deterioration of the excretory and detoxifying properties of the renal system and liver.
- Pathological changes in the central nervous system, heart, blood vessels.
- Affected reproductive system women and genitourinary system against the background of frequent infection.
- The condition is getting worse hair follicles, nail plate.
- The structure of the mucous membranes and teeth changes.
- Skin diseases appear.
Causes of anemia
In medicine, there are only 3 main reasons for the development of anemia - the loss of a large amount of blood, the rapid breakdown of red blood cells (hemolysis) and a decrease in the production of blood cells. However, there are factors that influence the causes of occurrence:1. Genetic abnormalities:
- disturbances in the production of congenital red blood cells;
- abnormal structure of cells (erythrocytes);
- spherocytosis;
- Bassen-Kronzweig syndrome;
- enzymatic abnormalities.
- frequent strict diets;
- absence balanced nutrition, which leads to a deficiency of vitamin C, B, microelements (iron, folic acid, etc.).
- pathologies of the renal and cardiovascular systems;
- liver diseases;
- disorders in the autoimmune apparatus;
- neoplasms of benign and malignant nature.
- hepatitis virus;
- malarial pathogenic microorganisms;
- cytomegalovirus;
- toxoplasmosis;
- obstructive bronchitis;
- tuberculosis bacillus.
Another important factor leading to the development of anemia is intoxication of the body (through pesticides and medications) and injury (burn, frostbite, fractures).
General symptoms of anemia for any age and gender:
- pallor of the skin and lips, further cyanosis;
- weakness and fatigue;
- shortness of breath with little physical activity;
- cramps and numbness in the limbs;
- brittleness and splitting of nails, hair loss;
- plaque and cracks in the corners of the lips;
- trembling of the limbs and changes in taste and smell;
- pain in the gastrointestinal tract;
- dryness and cracking of the skin (particularly on the legs and arms).
In adults and in old age:
- dizziness, fainting, loss of consciousness;
- sensations of tinnitus, headache and insomnia;
- breach or termination menstrual cycle among women;
- weakening of potency in men;
- aversion to food, resulting in anorexia;
- increased angina pectoris, dementia.
- loss of interest in studying, as concentration decreases and memory deteriorates;
- lethargy in games;
- increased bleeding in the gums;
- retarded physical and mental development;
- disproportionality of appearance.
Anemia in newborns and adolescents
Anemia is also observed in newborn children. This is due, first of all, to the presence of anemia in the mother. This often happens when you neglect your own health during pregnancy. The disease is usually diagnosed immediately after birth. If not treated in a timely manner, the disease develops into severe childhood anemia. There are features of childhood anemia. The child begins to intensively chew paper (most often with a stamp), chalk, sand and even earth. In addition, children prefer specific smells. For example, paints, acetone, glue and the like.For children and adolescence characterized by depression of the heart and vascular system, which is manifested by irregular breathing, rapid heartbeat, changes blood pressure. Metabolism in all tissues and cells is disrupted, the child suffers from jaundice and frequent colds.
Learn about the features of anemia in childhood from this video in Dr. Komarovsky’s program.
Anemia in pregnant women
During pregnancy, a woman’s body requires more vitamins and minerals, since beneficial substances are supplied not only to her internal systems, but also to the fruit. Therefore, almost all pregnant women suffer from. If this is the 1st degree (mild), then it will be enough to follow a certain diet, which includes a number of necessary substances. But for more severe forms it will be necessary drug therapy, which can negatively affect the development of the unborn child. Read more about anemia during pregnancy -.Feature – when mild form Anemia affects only the mother's body, since all the nutrients in the required quantity are supplied to the child.
During pregnancy, the following unpleasant consequences may occur:
- varicose veins and thrombosis;
- threat of miscarriage and bleeding;
- harm to the unborn child: anemia, mental and physical underdevelopment, lack of immunity, frequent morbidity after birth.
