Hair diseases dermatology. Skin diseases of the head: types of pathologies and their prevention

10 minutes to read. Views 1.2k. Published 09/10/2018

The quality of hair is largely determined by the condition of the scalp. Often, he is exposed to various diseases, leading to deterioration of the hairline, as well as to more serious consequences.

There are many types of scalp diseases, each with its own symptoms and causes.

Scalp diseases, depending on the causes of their occurrence, can be divided into 4 main groups:

1. Dermatological.
2. Infectious.
3. Fungal.
4. Autoimmune.

Dermatological diseases

Diseases characterized by damage to the epidermis as a result of exposure to bacteria, fungi or viruses

A dermatological disease characterized by excessive thickening of the upper layer of the dermis of the head is called hyperkeratosis.

Due to changes in metabolism, excessive production of protein – keratin – occurs. Gradually, it accumulates, gluing the horny scales together, thereby preventing the upper old stratum corneum from peeling off.

Over time, roughness and bumps form on the affected areas, and dysfunction begins. skin resulting in “death” of the dermis.

The causes of hyperkeratosis are as follows:

External influences:

• uncomfortable, pressing headgear, causing injury to the epidermis of the head;
• lack of personal hygiene;
• using incorrectly selected hair care products;
• excessive compression of the skin when constantly wearing hairpins, hairpins and other accessories.

Internal influences:

• skin diseases such as: psoriasis, erythroderma;
• the presence of different forms of lichen;
• poor nutrition;
• diabetes;
• stress, depression.

Hyperkeratosis is characterized by the following symptoms:

• dryness of the upper stratum corneum of the skin;
• roughness and bumpiness of the epidermis;
• the appearance of reddish-brown pimples;
• itching, burning and redness of the scalp;
• hair loss.

Treatment of the disease will directly depend on the cause of its occurrence and the stage of its progression.

The treatment regimen for hyperkeratosis includes:

1. Elimination external influences, namely:

• maintaining personal hygiene;
• selection of high-quality care products taking into account skin and hair type;
• proper, balanced nutrition.

2. Use of hormonal drugs. Hormonal ointments are prescribed for application to damaged areas to eliminate inflammation.

3. Vitamin therapy is prescribed both in the form of tablets and ointments to normalize the epidermis, eliminate dryness, relieve irritation and redness.

4. Carrying out salon mild acid peelings to eliminate peeling.

5. Carrying out laser and microwave therapy, electrophoresis.

Note! G hyperkeratosis is chronic, so it is impossible to completely cure it. But with the right course of treatment, it is possible to stop the spread of the disease and reduce the occurrence of unpleasant symptoms and manifestations.

Seborrhea is skin lesion, which occurs as a result of improper functioning of the sebaceous glands.

Unstable production of subcutaneous fat leads to clogging of skin pores, which contributes to the appearance of bacteria that cause the disease.

Dermatologists note the following causes of seborrhea:

• hormonal changes;
• disturbances in the functioning of the body;
• hereditary predisposition;
• oncology;
• stress, neurosis, depression;

There are three main types of seborrhea:

1. Dry – appears as a result of decreased sebum production.
2. Oily - appears as a result of increased production of sebum.
3. Mixed - which is a combination of dry and oily forms, characterized by the appearance of mixed lesions in different areas of the scalp.

Let's celebrate! The disease should be treated under the supervision of a specialist. Before prescribing treatment, the dermatologist carries out initial examination and takes a smear to identify the causative agent of the pathology.

Treatment of the disease includes:

• Drug treatment - the use of antifungal ointments and creams (clotrimazole, salicylic, sulfuric, sulsenic pastes, etc.).
• The use of antifungal drugs and tablets.
• Use of vitamins.
• Ozone therapy, laser exposure.
• Proper, balanced nutrition.
• Maintain personal hygiene.

A treatment regimen is prescribed by a specialist after confirming the diagnosis.

Infectious diseases

This type of disease occurs as a result of the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms and bacteria into the body.

Diseases such as pediculosis and folliculitis represent this group.

Pediculosis is accompanied by symptoms such as:

• presence of nits;
• skin rashes;
• nervous excitability, irritability.

Treatment of pediculosis should include such therapeutic measures as:

An infectious disease that develops in the hair follicle and is provoked by pathogenic microorganisms is called folliculitis.

Depending on the pathogen and the degree of the disease, the following forms of folliculitis are distinguished:

• Staphylococcal - the causative agent is Staphylococcus aureus. It can be superficial and deep. At superficial form Only the upper layer of the follicle is affected, but with a deep layer, damage with a diameter of up to 1 cm is possible, as a result of which a boil can form.
• Hoffmann's folliculitis is the most rare and severe form of the disease. It is characterized by damage not only to the hair follicle, but also to nearby tissues, as a result of which hair stops growing in this area.
• Candida – the causative agent is a fungus of the genus Candida. It is characterized by the formation of large ulcers in the center of the hair follicle.

Let's celebrate! Treatment of folliculitis should be comprehensive: both external treatment of ulcers and oral administration of medications are performed.

The treatment regimen includes:

• treatment of ulcers and the surface of the scalp with antiseptic drugs (brilliant green, fucorcin, salicylic alcohol);
• in case of deep damage, the pustules are opened by a doctor, followed by treatment with an antiseptic drug;
• treating affected areas with healing ointment, for example, ichthyol;
• In case of severe disease, in addition to ointments, the doctor prescribes a course of antibiotics. The drug is selected depending on the test results.

Fungal diseases

Mycoses are often infectious in nature, inflaming scalp heads. They have the following symptoms: peeling, inflammation of the epidermis, severe itching, layering of scales.

The disease is the most severe form of mycosis. The causative agent is a fungus of the genus Trichophyton.

There are three forms of fungal infection:

• Superficial. It is characterized by the appearance of swollen pinkish spots (foci of infection), reaching a diameter of up to 2 centimeters, with unclear boundaries. As a result of infection, the hair breaks off at the root, forming “stumps”; they look like black dots; it is this fact that distinguishes trichophytosis from other forms of similar pathologies.
• Chronic. Possesses weakly severe symptoms, which makes this form difficult to diagnose. The only one characteristic feature are black dots that usually form on the back of the head. Since women with long hair most often suffer from this form of the disease, it is quite difficult to detect the presence of the disease.
• Infiltrative-suppurative. The most severe and painful form of trichophytosis. It is also characterized by the formation of pink spots (foci of lesions), which over time become inflamed, acquiring a scarlet color and pus begins to ooze from them. When pressing on the infected areas, severe pain is felt. Hair in these areas begins to fall out. General weakness, increased body temperature, and swollen lymph nodes may be observed.

Treatment of trichophytosis includes:

1. Preparation for treatment:

• to facilitate access to the lesions, it is necessary to free them from hair;
• then you need to remove the crusts from the area that will be treated with salicylic ointment. To do this, apply ointment to the lesion, leave it for several hours, after which it is removed with a scraper along with the softened crust.
• treatment of lesions antimicrobial agents, for example, furatsilin.

2. Use of antifungal drugs and tablets. They are prescribed only by a doctor depending on the course of the disease. Griseofulvin has proven itself well in this area.

3. Local treatment. The most commonly used drugs are: clotrimazole, triderm, Wilkinson ointment, Sulfuric ointment. To treat crusts you can use: iodine, potassium permanganate, salicylic ointment, ichthyol ointment.

Microsporia is an infectious disease caused by a fungus of the genus Microsporum that affects the scalp.

Sources and distribution routes:

1. The most common way of transmitting microsporia is considered to be interaction with infected domestic animals, that is, with direct carriers of the disease.
2. The second way the infection spreads is direct - through contact between an infected person and a healthy person. As a rule, for infection a microtrauma, a cut or a crack is enough where the infection spores can actually get in.
3. The third way is contact - household. Upon contact with things used by an infected person.

The symptoms of microsporia are as follows:

• peeling of the epidermis - round-shaped areas of damage,
• reaching up to 5 cm in size;
• the formation of clearly defined areas of infection with broken hairs, or “stumps”;
• hair fragility at the root;

Treatment includes:

• Daily treatment of affected areas with 2% iodine.
• Application of ointments: clotrimazole, ciclopirox, sulfuric or salicylic;
• Be sure to take an antibiotic - griseofulvin. The dose and regimen of which is prescribed only by a doctor.
• The duration of treatment will depend on how early the disease was diagnosed and the necessary treatment prescribed.

Autoimmune diseases

Diseases that arise as a result of a failure of the autoimmune system, which aggressively attacks its own cells, mistaking them for foreign ones.

Psoriasis is a chronic non-infectious disease that affects the skin. It is characterized by the appearance of pink, flaky spots under the hairline, accompanied by inflammation and itching.

The disease has two forms:

• mild – minor irritations occur, accompanied by small scales;
• severe - the epidermis is completely affected, a “cap” is formed which noticeably protrudes from under the hair, after which the disease spreads to the area of ​​the ears and neck.

Psoriasis is a chronic disease, so therapy should primarily be aimed at preventing inflammation and the mechanisms that trigger these processes, thereby preventing exacerbations of the pathology.

The treatment regimen is as follows:

1. Treatment medicines. The remedies are selected by the doctor depending on the degree of development of the disease.
2. Local treatment. The use of emollient ointments containing
   composition: ichthyol, zinc, tar.

In addition to ointments, doctors often prescribe a solution for local application- Solcoderm. It is also recommended to use shampoos that eliminate the symptoms of psoriasis in combination with basic medications:

• tar;
• with ketoconazole;
• with zinc.

Let's celebrate! Physiotherapeutic procedures. Without the use of medications, psoriasis can be treated with ultraviolet irradiation, hydrotherapy, and photochemotherapy.

Scleroderma is chronic illness connective tissue, affecting the skin. It is characterized by the formation of fibrous tissue in place of damaged cells as a result of their damage.

The disease begins with the formation of edema of the epidermis, after which it thickens, losing its structure.

There are focal (plaque) and linear forms of scleroderma:

1. The focal form is the formation of protruding single, in more aggravated situations, group lesions of the epidermis of a pinkish-red color, after which they become denser, replaced by fibrous tissue, becoming white. Bald patches form in the affected areas.
2. Linear is considered the rarest form of the disease. It appears as a vertical stripe up to several centimeters long, descending onto the skin of the forehead. In more severe cases, the stripe may go down to the nose, and sometimes to the upper lip. Hair is affected not only on the head, but also on the eyebrows and eyelids.

Therapy used for scleroderma consists of:

• Intramuscular injections. Drugs are usually prescribed to help resolve scars.
• Application of ointments that have an anti-inflammatory and vasodilating effect;
• Physiotherapy: mud baths, massages, electrophoresis.

Scalp diseases are a group of diseases characterized by damage to the scalp of various types. They all require early diagnosis and proper timely treatment.

Let's celebrate! To prevent the appearance unpleasant consequences It is recommended that at the first detection of various kinds of symptoms, you consult a specialist to investigate the nature of their occurrence and then eliminate them.

Today we will look at the main diseases of the hair and scalp, what are their causes and the main methods of treatment.

Hair diseases and internal discomfort

Hair loss, rapid and early baldness, difficult to remove dandruff, dermatological diseases of the scalp negatively affect the beauty of the hairstyle and force a person to experience internal discomfort.

Self-selected methods for restoring curls do not always bring the desired result, and the problem only gets worse.

To prevent this from happening, it is advisable to always seek help from a trichologist; the specialization of this doctor allows you to determine the main cause of deterioration in hair condition and, based on this, the appropriate course of therapy is selected.

What does trichology study?

Trichology is considered a separate branch of dermatology; the object of study of this science is the structure of hair, its functioning and pathological changes that lead to problems with curls.

Trichologists diagnose diseases of the scalp and the hair itself, develop treatment methods and preventive measures.

Trichology is closely interconnected with such branches of medicine as dermatology, endocrinology, cosmetology, gastroenterology, and immunology.

Such a close relationship is explained by the fact that deterioration in the condition of curls often occurs due to internal disorders, the correction of which requires integrated approach to treatment.

Types of hair and scalp diseases

A conditional division of all diseases of the skin of the scalp and hair into four types has been accepted:

1. Infectious and fungal diseases. Infections include pediculosis, which develops when a person is infected with head lice. Microsporia and trichophytosis are fungal infections skin.
2. Diseases caused by dysfunction of the sebaceous glands. The most common diseases in this category include seborrhea and dandruff.
3. Pathological hair loss. Causes of excess hair loss great amount and determining the main one in each specific case is considered the first step towards restoring the beauty of the hairstyle.
4. Damage to the hair shaft. Injury to the hair shaft occurs as a result of thermal, chemical and mechanical external influences.

Depending on the type of disease, not only trichologists, but also doctors of other specialties take part in the treatment of the patient.

A joint approach to eliminating the cause of pathology and restoring the strength of curls greatly increases the effectiveness of therapy.

Infectious and fungal hair diseases

Head lice develops as a result of transmission of lice through contact and household contact. Children are at increased risk. Head lice bites are accompanied by pain and severe itching.

Scratching the skin causes secondary infections, and scarring may form on the skin.

In advanced cases, pediculosis leads to the appearance of purulent crusts on the head, to the sticking of individual strands of hair due to pus and egg laying.

General manifestations of the disease include enlargement of regional lymph nodes. The attachment of a huge number of nits to the curls causes damage to their shaft.

Pediculosis is treated with special topical medications. And it is imperative to remove nits and adult insects mechanically.

Microsporia

Or microsporosis - a fungal infection. Microsporum fungi are most often transmitted from sick people, less often from animals. The main category of patients are children, from whom their family members become infected.

The rate of spread of microsporia is one of the highest compared to others infectious diseases scalp.

The main signs of this disease are the formation of rounded areas on the scalp that have clear boundaries.

The skin in these areas peels off, breaks off a few millimeters from the skin, and the remaining “stumps” are covered with a grayish coating that looks like mold.

There are almost no inflammatory changes in the affected area; over time, these areas become covered with purulent crusts.

Trichophytosis

Ringworm(trichophytosis) is a highly contagious and severe lesion of the scalp.

Fungal spores are transmitted by using the personal belongings of a sick person or by direct contact with him.

The superficial form of ringworm is characterized by the appearance of foci of skin peeling and hair breaking off at a distance of 2-6 mm from the follicles.

The size of the lesion reaches three centimeters, the skin in this place is most often swollen, inflamed and itchy, broken hair looks like black dots.

The infiltrative purulent form of trichophytosis develops for about two months.

Initial signs are symptoms of intoxication, soreness and swelling of the lymph nodes, allergic rashes.

Round spots form on the head, surrounded by a clear, inflamed rim.

On this contour, blisters and crusts with purulent contents may appear; some patients experience deformation of the nails.

Treatment should be carried out in short time, since lesions are prone to rapid spread.

Favus (scab)

The main symptoms are the formation of crusts on the scalp and other parts of the body with a yellowish tint and an indentation in the middle.

Hair often grows in this center; if there is no treatment, the individual crusts merge with each other and large areas of damage to the body appear. .

In advanced cases, the skin under the crusts atrophies and permanent baldness develops.

When the scalp is damaged, the curls lose their shine and strength, are easily pulled out, and the remaining strands resemble tow.

Scab most often occurs in residents of the southern regions, and among sick people there are more children and women.

Sebaceous gland dysfunction

Seborrhea

This is an inflammatory disease that occurs due to increased secretion of sebum with a changed composition.

The main manifestations of seborrhea on the scalp are itching, flaking, redness of the skin; in advanced cases, hair falls out and baldness may develop.

Seborrhea is divided into dry and oily, treatment is selected by a trichologist or dermatologist.

Normalization of the condition of the scalp is achieved through antifungal systemic and local therapy, dietary correction, and exclusion of causative factors of the disease.

Seborrheic dermatitis

A chronic inflammatory disease that develops due to excessive proliferation of the yeast-like lipophilic fungus Pityrosporum ovale.

The disease occurs as dermatitis with the formation of clearly defined spots of inflammation on the skin.

These lesions are red in color and tend to merge, and the desquamated epidermis leads to the formation of a yellowish crust on the spots.

Seborrheic dermatitis most often affects the scalp, top part torso and face, that is, places with a large number of sebaceous glands.

The appearance of foci of inflammation on the head is often preceded by the formation of a large amount of dandruff.

Seborrheic dermatitis is one of the causes of hair loss, the growth of which is restored only with persistent remission of the disease.

The main treatment for the disease is a special hypoallergenic diet, the use of antifungal drugs and a number of physical procedures.

Scalp eczema

The first appearance of eczema and subsequent exacerbations of this disease are associated with the activation of fungi from the genus Pityrosporum; skin damage by staphylococcus is also called the cause of the disease.

Not always these microorganisms can cause disease. Eczema of the scalp develops in people with allergic reactions to external irritants, in diseases with chronic course digestive organs, with damage to the liver, kidneys, nervous and endocrine systems.

The main manifestations of eczema are the formation of round rashes in the form of plaques, spots, papules. Their appearance is accompanied not only by itching and burning, but also by pain.

Eczema on the head can occur simultaneously with seborrhea; in addition to the characteristic rashes, increased dryness strands and skin.

Eczema is not contagious disease. But to get rid of it, you first need a full examination, which will help identify disturbances in the functioning of internal organs.

The term dandruff refers to the desquamation of the epithelium of the scalp, leading to the appearance of white or yellowish color.

The formation of dandruff leads to an itchy scalp, hair becomes dry and dull or becomes oily.

Dandruff often occurs with fungal infections of the skin, in patients with seborrhea, after serious psycho-emotional stress, with hypovitaminosis, gastrointestinal pathologies.

Its appearance can also be provoked by improper care of the scalp.

Dandruff of varying severity bothers more than 70% of the world's population.

The treatment consists of careful care of the curls, preventing the action of aggressive external influences and treating the hair with preparations specially selected by the trichologist.

Dandruff not only worsens the appearance of hair, but is also one of the most common causes of hair loss.

Damage to the hair shaft

Injury to the hair shaft occurs very often. Perm, use of heat irons, curling irons, dyeing curls - all this damages the shaft along its entire length.

Mechanical, thermal and chemical aggressive effects do not always provoke excessive hair loss, but become the main cause of increased hair fragility, damage to the ends, dryness, and loss of elasticity.

Hair health also depends on a balanced diet, constant hygiene procedures, ecology, and psycho-emotional background.

Shiny, strong and strong curls are not only external beauty, but also an indicator of internal health.

The term trichoclasia refers to increased fragility. The main cause of the anomaly is infections suffered by the mother during pregnancy.

Trichoclasia is divided into two types:

Trichokinesis (twisted hair) - such an anomaly of the shaft first becomes noticeable before the age of two.

With this disease, the hair is coarse, of different lengths, hard, and practically devoid of natural shine. Some children have noticeable patches of alopecia.

The damaged rod has flattened areas and grooves, and bends around its axis at different angles. Weak degree twisting is most often a variant of the norm.

With pathology, the curls cannot be combed normally; they constantly become tangled and pulled out.

Trichokinesis is found mainly in girls. By about eight years of age, the number of healthy hairs increases, and twisted curls become less noticeable against their background.

Monilethrix

One of the rarest anomalies. Monilethrix appears in the first months of life, affecting not only the scalp, but also eyebrows, eyelashes and other areas with hair.

The disease is characterized by the appearance of thinning and thickening on the hair shaft. Thickened areas look darker on light strands. .

In areas of thinning, the hair breaks off, and therefore the hair on the head rarely reaches more than one and a half centimeters in length.

With monilethrix, congenital changes in the innervation of the skin are noted, and this causes deformation of the hair follicles.

Gradually, the curls become too dry, thin and break. The disease is accompanied by the development of follicular hyperkeratosis.

Hair loss

Excessive hair loss is caused by various triggering factors. This can be either internal diseases or direct damage to the follicles.

In older people, thinning hair is associated with age-related changes.

Alopecia

The term alopecia refers to progressive hair loss, leading to partial or complete baldness. Alopecia is divided into, focal and.

The problem can affect both men and women; most people with this cosmetic defect are over 50 years old.

Baldness not only worsens your appearance, but also causes a lot of psycho-emotional distress.

Effective treatment for alopecia is quite difficult to find without finding out the underlying cause of excessive hair loss. In some cases, a trichologist may prescribe lifelong use of a number of external products that help restore hair thickness.

Other hair diseases

Hypertrichosis

The term hypertrichosis in medicine refers to enhanced growth hair on different parts of the body - back, hips, forearms, stomach, buttocks, chest. .

This hair growth is not caused by the action of androgens. The disease occurs in women and men, while another pathology with similar manifestations - hirsutism - can only occur in women.

The main causes of hypertrichosis:

• Congenital gene mutations that occur as a result of exposure to unfavorable factors on the developing fetus;
• Long-term use of certain medications;
• Consequences of TBI.

Treatment is selected based on the data of a hormonal and dermatological examination of a person.

If effective medications for hypertrichosis cannot be found, then the patient is offered the removal of unnecessary hair using electrolysis.

IMPORTANT TO KNOW: and how to treat the disease.

Excessive greasiness in curls occurs due to increased activity sebaceous glands located in the scalp.

Oily curls almost always look untidy, oily, they get dirty easily and quickly, and sticky strands appear.

For oily hair types, even frequent washing of the scalp does not help solve the problem, and styling it into a beautiful hairstyle is practically impossible.

For oily hair type it is required professional approach to eliminate the defect. It is necessary not only to consult a trichologist, but also to be examined by a gastroenterologist, dermatologist, and endocrinologist.

Complex treatment consists of the use of special lotions, balms and shampoos.

The patient is prescribed physiotherapy - darsonvalization, mesotherapy, course use of herbal infusions, medicinal serums, masks is recommended.

Early gray hair is indicated by the appearance of a large number of gray hairs before the age of 25 and the discoloration of most of the curls before the age of 40.

The problem arises due to disruption of the functioning of melanocytes, which in turn is caused by various internal changes in the body.

To stop early graying, you need to consult with a trichologist in time, take tests to determine the levels of microelements and vitamins in the blood, and determine the ratio of hormones thyroid gland.

The process of bleaching curls slows down after a course of head massage through mesotherapy; masks and various hardware procedures help with this.

Hair with a diameter of less than 50 microns is considered thin. Such curls are characterized by excessive softness, they quickly become tangled, difficult to comb and lack volume.

The thickness and density of hair increases through the use of various ampoule preparations, serums, professional masks; mesotherapy and scalp massage give good results.

But to achieve a noticeable result, you need the help of a trichologist.

Hairdressers can also help solve the problem. Keratin prosthetics of curls, their lamination and extensions make curls stronger, thicker and more attractive.

Loss of moisture inside the rod can be caused by both improper painting and thermal effects. In rare cases, this anomaly occurs with trichoclasia nodosa.

Returning your hair to its normal state is only possible if the root cause of the changes is eliminated. Additionally, the trichologist prescribes the use of products that enhance the hydration and strength of curls. Pathological changes hair structures and scalp diseases have a specific cause for their appearance.

A complete examination will make it possible to understand what caused the deterioration of the condition of the curls, and this, in turn, is the most important thing in choosing drugs that help solve a cosmetic and dermatological problem.

Long and healthy hair has always been considered a luxury and adornment for a woman. However, diseases of the hair and scalp can lead to sad consequences: fragility and loss of curls, the appearance of dandruff and various ulcers and pustules on the scalp, which not only give an unaesthetic appearance, but also bring terrible discomfort to a person, as they itch very much and they hurt. As a result of constant scratching, they begin to bleed and form wounds. It's just small part what scalp diseases can “give” to a person.

The list of symptoms of almost every scalp disease includes noticeable itching.

What scalp diseases exist and what are their symptoms?

There are a huge number of scalp diseases. The most common include fungal and infectious diseases and seborrhea. But most people also have dermatological diseases. Let's look at each disease separately.

Fungal diseases

Fungal diseases occur in many people, including children. They are caused by microorganisms and in medicine are divided into 4 types:

• superficial trichophytosis;
• deep trichophytosis;
• microscopy;
• favus.

Superficial trichophytosis is transmitted through close contact with a sick person or through sharing various household items (towel, comb, bed linen, etc.). This disease is accompanied by severe itching and brittle hair. In this case, hair can break in different places. When a hair falls out, a black dot is visible in its place.

Important advice from the editors!

If you want to improve the condition of your hair, you should pay special attention to the shampoos you use. A frightening figure - 97% of shampoos from well-known brands contain substances that poison our body. The main components due to which all the troubles on the labels are designated as sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, coco sulfate. These chemicals destroy the structure of the curls, the hair becomes brittle, loses elasticity and strength, and the color fades. But the worst thing is that this nasty thing gets into the liver, heart, lungs, accumulates in organs and can cause oncological diseases. We advise you not to use products that contain these substances. Recently, experts from our editorial team conducted an analysis of sulfate-free shampoos, where products from Mulsan Cosmetic took first place. The only manufacturer of completely natural cosmetics. All products are manufactured under strict quality control and certification systems. We recommend visiting the official online store mulsan.ru. If you doubt the naturalness of your cosmetics, check the expiration date; it should not exceed one year of storage.

Deep trichophytosis is transmitted through infected animals. As in the first case, the hair begins to break and the scalp becomes very itchy. This disease is distinguished from superficial trichophytosis only by the areas of hair loss, on which bumps up to 6 cm in diameter, blue or red, form.

Microscopy, as in the previous case, is transmitted through infected animals. In the first stages of the disease, small blisters form on the scalp, and then two foci of infection appear, on which it is noticeable severe loss hair and its fragility.

Favus is a chronic fungal disease that affects 60% of the world's population. People who often wear thick hats or wigs are most susceptible to its formation. Symptoms of this disease are as follows: the scalp becomes yellow and begins to itch and flake, and the hair becomes brittle and begins to fall out a lot.

Seborrhea

Seborrhea is one of the most common diseases, which occurs in every 4th person on our planet. The symptoms of seborrhea are as follows:

• dandruff;
• peeling of the scalp;
• dryness;
• rapid greasy hair;
• hair loss.

Seborrhea develops due to a malfunction of the sebaceous glands, which for some reason begin to produce excess sebum (oily seborrhea) or, conversely, produce it in smaller quantities (dry seborrhea).

Dermatological diseases

Dermatological diseases of the scalp include:

• psoriasis;
• seborrheic dermatitis.

Psoriasis is a chronic disease that is accompanied by the appearance of plaques on the scalp that look like hardened wax. It occurs cyclically.

Seborrheic dermatitis is a disease caused by a yeast-like fungus that affects not only the scalp, but also the face. Its symptoms are as follows: peeling of the skin, change in color, itching.

Infectious diseases

Infectious diseases arise due to poor personal hygiene and are transmitted from an infected person through close contact and sharing household items. Infectious diseases include the following diseases:

• pediculosis;
• folliculitis.

Folliculitis has the following symptoms: first, a small red spot forms at the base of the hair, which then begins to itch very much and fill with pus.

If any scalp disease occurs, your first assistant is not the Internet or traditional medicine, but an experienced trichologist

How to treat diseases of the scalp and hair?

It is not recommended to start treating scalp diseases on your own, as there is a high probability of further aggravating the current situation. Skin diseases should be treated by a doctor. Only he will be able to give you an accurate diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment, taking into account the characteristics of your body.

As a rule, scalp treatment involves the use of special ointments, gels and shampoos. In some cases, treatment is also performed medicines for oral administration. This is necessary to destroy the infection that caused the disease.

However, the treatment of skin diseases can also be accompanied by the use of folk remedies. Let's look at what folk remedies can cure fungal infections and seborrhea. Dermatological diseases should be treated under strict medical supervision.

Treatment of fungal diseases

Treatment of fungal diseases cannot occur without the use of special shampoos and ointments. They can eliminate the symptoms of the disease and speed up the treatment process. But apart from this, you can use other home remedies such as onion water or lemon rinse.

Onion broth is prepared as follows: the peels of four large onions are poured with 1 liter of water and cooked over low heat for about 1 hour. Next, the broth is infused for another 15 minutes and then filtered.

Lemon rinse is prepared as follows: 1 tsp. lemon juice diluted in 1 glass of warm water. But before use, you need to rub 2 tbsp into the scalp. l. lemon juice.

Treatment of infectious diseases

However, you need to choose a shampoo carefully, and it’s even better if a doctor prescribes it for you, since lice shampoos very often cause allergies, which further aggravates the current situation.

Treatment of seborrhea

Seborrhea is very serious illness which can lead to complete hair loss. Therefore, you should not treat seborrhea on your own. It is best to consult a doctor.

And to reduce the symptoms of the disease, you can use various lotions and decoctions that are aimed at moisturizing the scalp (for dry seborrhea) or for drying (for oily seborrhea).

Scalp diseases should not be left without proper attention. They require urgent treatment, so it is necessary to seek help from a doctor at the first manifestations.

1. Weak protective functions body.
2. Stress, constant fatigue, mental disorders.
3. Metabolic disorder.
4. Failure to comply with hygiene rules.
5. The presence of infection in the body.
6. Improper nutrition, in which the body does not receive all the necessary elements.
7. Using hair care products that are not suitable for your hair and skin type.
8. Fungal infections on the scalp.
9. Doing not healthy image life.
10. Allergic reactions.
11. Genetics.
12. Bad ecology.
13. Frequent use of chemical procedures (coloring, perms).
14. Damage to the scalp.
15. Using tight or metal hair accessories.

Scalp diseases: names, descriptions and photos

Dermatological

Eczema

• Reasons for appearance. Despite the fact that this disease has been known to mankind for several centuries, specific reasons her appearance has not yet been found. But there are a number of factors that can contribute to the appearance and progression of seborrheic eczema. Let us list them:
  • prolonged contact with irritating or aggressive substances (this can be any detergent or hair dye);
  • intolerance to any food products;
  • long-term skin infection.
• Localization. If we talk about the localization of eczema, then seborrheic is most often found on the scalp, as well as on the face and in the area between the shoulder blades.
• Manifestation and symptoms. Yellow nodules with a slightly pink tint appear on the skin. These nodules are very oily and scaly to the touch. Subsequently, they can turn into one large focus of inflammation. The process is rarely accompanied.
• Treatment. If the problem is noticed on early stage, it can be solved with the help of shampoos that contain zinc pyrithione, Naftalan, sulfur, tar, and selenium. It is also necessary to remove scales. But only those that come off the skin easily. Do not forget to constantly moisturize your scalp. In case of complications, consult a doctor.

Seborrhea

• Causes. The main reason The appearance of this disease is due to improper functioning of the sebaceous glands. However, they do not produce enough elements that can protect the skin from drying out.
• Localization. may appear on the scalp, face, chin, chest.
• Manifestations and symptoms. The epithelium becomes rougher at the site of inflammation. The skin begins to become inflamed and itchy. When the sebaceous glands are overly active, scales appear in this place yellow color. And in those places where the sebaceous glands do not work enough, the epidermis begins to...
• Treatment. Normalize your diet. Stop drinking alcohol and nicotine. Maintain skin hygiene. Under no circumstances should you try to get rid of acne on your own. If all of the above does not help, go to see a doctor, or read, in it we will talk about seborrheic dermatitis and methods of its treatment.

You can learn more about the diagnosis and treatment of seborrhea from the video:

Acne

In simple words, it is a skin rash in the form of pimples or acne, which occurs in 80% of cases in young people aged 12 to 25 years.

• Causes. There can be a lot of them:

1. excessive use of cosmetics (powder, eye shadow, foundation, even suntan oil);
2. skin contact with substances containing oils, greases or tar;
3. prolonged friction of the epidermis on the tissue;
4. increased sweating;
5. taking steroids;
6. self-removal of acne;
7. excessive cleanliness, in which even the slightest microbes will cause inflammation;
8. hormonal changes;
9. abnormalities in the functioning of the ovaries;
10. chronic diseases.

• Localization. Acne can appear on any skin area of ​​the body, but most often they are noticed on the face, lower back, neck and chest.
• Symptoms and manifestations. Pustules appear on the surface of the dermis in the form of bright red tubercles with a purulent tip. Most often, after acne disappears, it leaves scars in the form of dimples on the skin, which are impossible to get rid of.
• Treatment. There may be several options here:
  • the use of ointments and creams against acne;
  • taking antibiotics that will fight the infection from the inside;
  • contacting a doctor who will prescribe comprehensive treatment.

Cancer

A malignant tumor disease of the skin that occurs as a result of atypical transformation of its cells and is characterized by significant polymorphism.

• Causes:
  • frequent exposure to ultraviolet rays;
  • the result of prolonged exposure to chemicals;
  • permanent injuries involving the area of ​​scars or moles;
  • heredity;
  • transformation of other skin diseases.
• Localization. Can spread to all parts of the body. Manifestation and symptoms.
  • The appearance of a dark area of ​​skin that increases over time.
  • A small wound that secretes ichor or just liquid for a long time.
  • Thickening and lifting of a small area of ​​skin.
  • Itching, redness.
• Treatment. You should immediately consult a doctor. Usually, if the affected area is small (up to two centimeters), it is removed surgically. In the worst case, it comes to chemotherapy.

Infectious diseases of the scalp

Trichophytosis

The causes of trichophytosis are often contact with infected people, less often with animals. Lichen can be localized on any open areas of the skin. The symptoms of trichophytosis are as follows:

• formation of areas of peeling on the skin;
• hair breaking (while a gray coating remains on the broken curl);
• the affected area begins to itch and turn red;
• the patient feels general malaise, weakness;
• a rash appears;
• nail color changes;
• In reddened areas, you can often observe the appearance of a crust and blisters.

REFERENCE! For the treatment of trichophytosis, ointments based on miconazole, clotrimazole, terbinafine, as well as tincture of iodine 2 - 5%, sulfuric ointment 10 - 20%, sulfur-salicylic ointment, sulfur-tar ointment are well suited.

A detailed description of the symptoms of trichophytosis in this video:

Microsporia

The causes of the infection are the same as for the previous infection: contact with an infected person or animal. Moreover, the symptoms of the skin disease are also very similar to trichophotia.

But with microscopy, the color of the nails does not change, and the person does not feel any discomfort. It is better not to start treatment without consulting a doctor. Ideally, laboratory tests should be carried out.
Video from detailed description symptoms of the disease and diagnostic methods:

Trichophoria

Inflammation of the scalp, accompanied by severe itching and redness. In this case, the hair begins to fall out excessively, and a black dot appears in the place of hair growth. The fungus is transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person. Treatment is prescribed by the doctor depending on the degree of inflammation and the course of the disease.

Pediculosis

The doctor immediately diagnoses this disease and prescribes treatment with drugs available for purchase at any pharmacy.

Video about pediculosis:

Folliculitis

In the early stages of this disease, small red bumps, called follicles, appear on the scalp. If measures are not taken to treat this infection in time, these follicles can turn into huge wounds that will be extremely difficult to heal, in addition, this disease can develop into. Treatment is carried out antiseptics, local and systemic use of antibiotics, antimycotics, acyclovir, antiviral drugs.

Impetigo

A disease caused by staphylococci or streptococci. Bacteria enter the body through wounds, making them even larger. Then crusty, yellow blisters appear that ooze constantly. If they are peeled off, the blisters will spread further throughout the body. In 99% of cases, antibiotics and antiseptics help fight ampetigo.

Furunculosis

Purulent inflammation acute nature caused by the appearance of a boil. It occurs when bacteria enters the hair follicle. The epidermis “swells,” turns red, fills with pus, and swells. The resulting boil is painful to touch. Treatment of furunculosis is prescribed by a doctor, based on the nature and stage of the disease.

Autoimmune

Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic scalp and hair disease. Therefore, it is impossible to cure it; you can only reduce its manifestations by using special ointments, creams, shampoos and soaps. Sometimes patients resort to physiotherapeutic procedures. Psoriasis is characterized by a rash consisting of papules covered with loose, easily removable silvery scales. There are many reasons for the appearance of this disease, but experts cannot come to a single solution.

Scleroderma

At the beginning of the disease, the epidermis swells, but soon becomes denser. And after a short time it cannot be separated from other fabrics or pulled into folds. Appearing on the scalp, scleroderma often causes baldness.

Doctors name many reasons:

1. hypothermia;
2. injury;
3. infection;
4. vaccination;
5. heredity.

IMPORTANT! Treatment in this case requires long-term treatment and under the constant supervision of a doctor.

lupus erythematosus

The reasons for the appearance are unknown, but usually specialists blame it on malfunctions of the immune system. Manifests pink spots on the skin, which thicken over time and begin to peel off. And after healing they leave scars. Lupus may cause hair loss. The disease should be treated only after a doctor’s prescription.

Other

• Ingrown hair– with this disease, the hair does not come out, but bends and grows into the skin under the stratum corneum. In such areas, small nodules form, which cause itching, often unbearable.
• Hypertrichosis (or hairiness)– excessive hair growth, unusual for this area of ​​the dermis, inappropriate for gender and age.
• Hirsutism– excessive hair growth in women. Typically, signs of hirsutism are the appearance of a mustache and beard in women.
• Hypotrichosis- a whole complex of diseases that lead to one finale - partial or complete baldness. Ctrl+Enter.

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The reasons for the development of seborrhea include:

Provoking factors for hyperkeratosis include:

• pathologies of internal organs;
• impaired liver function;
• Availability diabetes mellitus;
• thyroid disorder;
• blood pathologies;
• diseases of the ichthyosis group.

The reasons for the development of pediculosis include:

• non-compliance with hyena;
• sharing combs;
• visiting a bathhouse or sauna where an infected person bathed.

Microsporia infection occurs under the following conditions:

• contact with a sick person or animal;
• avitaminosis;
• unbalanced diet;
• decreased immunity;
• violation sanitary standards;
• excessive sweating of the skin;
• mechanical damage to the skin;
• Availability chronic pathologies;
• exposure to environmental conditions (humid and hot climates).

The trigger mechanism for trichophytosis is:

The causes of scab are:

• contact with an infected person or animal;
• use of contaminated items;
• failure of the immune system;
• lack of protein in the diet;
• vitamin deficiency.

Causes of eczema may include:

The role of provocateurs for the appearance of dandruff are:

• improper hair care;
• frequent use of a hair dryer;
• abuse cosmetics for hair;
• lack of personal hygiene;
• failure in metabolic processes;
• stomach pathologies;
• dysfunction of the pancreas;
• presence of fungus;
• genetic factor;
• features of the skin structure.

Causes of alopecia:

• cancerous formations;
• thermal and chemical influences;
• heredity;
• autoimmune diseases.

The causes of scleroderma development include:

The reasons for the development of psoriasis include:

• genetic predisposition;
• immune system disorder;
• stress;
• infectious diseases;
• HIV infection.

Descriptions of the causes of trichological diseases:

• metabolic and hormonal disorders;
• habit of constantly scratching and touching the head;
• insufficient skin care;
• stress, depression;
• mental and physical fatigue;
• lack of balanced nutrition;
• failure to comply with hygiene and sanitation rules;
• infections;
• use of inappropriate hygiene products;
• unhealthy image life;
• abuse of cosmetics and hairdressing products: long-term perm, hair sprays, dyeing, etc.;
• bad ecology;
• tissue damage;
• violation of security measures in transport and public areas;
• wearing tight elastic bands, headbands, warm hats at a comfortable temperature.

Often, dermatological diseases of the scalp are provoked by a frivolous or negligent attitude towards health, as well as a person’s failure to comply with safety measures when in contact with strangers. But how to treat the disease? The use of medications and lifestyle changes help to get rid of the problem, and when genetic reasons or chronic diseases - significantly alleviate the course of the disease.

Stages and degrees of skin diseases in the scalp

1. Seborrhea is a dermatological disease of a chronic nature. Pathology initial degree characterized by damage to skin folds, the appearance of rashes and peeling. There is also a disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, which manifests itself in regurgitation and loose stools.

2. In the second stage, the pathology spreads to the skin, creating a greasy crust.

Sometimes the disease provokes the development of:

1. The third stage of seborrhea rarely develops. The basis of the disease is a malfunction of internal organs

Hyperkeratosis of the scalp develops gradually. However, without treatment, the pathology can cause baldness. In the first stage, the skin becomes dry and begins to peel.

The second stage is characterized by hair loss. The third stage is characterized by thickening of the epidermis, in which growths of keratinized cells develop. This process is irreversible, as hair follicles die.

At the initial stage of pediculosis, itching of the scalp is noted. In advanced cases, lice bites provoke the development of crusts filled with pus, as well as sticking of hair strands due to pus and a large accumulation of nits.

The rate of development of microsporia is very high. If on initial stages there is itching and flaking of the scalp, then later stages The disease produces rounded areas that have clear boundaries.

The superficial course of ringworm is characterized by the development of areas of peeling of the skin and brittle hair. The skin in this area becomes swollen and inflamed. The patient complains of constant itching. Broken hair appears as black dots.

In the initial stages of scab, redness of the scalp is noted. Small pustules develop. In the later stages of the disease, in the absence of therapy, yellowish crusts form in the form of scutes that resemble a honeycomb.

The crusts begin to merge and form large affected areas. The skin under the crusts begins to atrophy, which provokes baldness. My curls lose their shine and strength, and my hair begins to fall out. The remaining hair looks like tow.

Eczema can occur along with seborrhea. At the initial stage, papules and spots form. As the disease progresses, dry skin and brittle hair develop.

Genetic factor is the cause of early alopecia, scalp sores, in men

1. Progressive phase. It notes:

• peeling;
• the appearance of plaques;
• bleeding;
• dandruff.

2. At the intermediate stationary stage, itching ceases to bother the patient. The plaques become horny. The redness of the edges of the tumors becomes less pronounced.

Early symptoms of psoriasis can be treated with folk remedies!

3. In the regressing phase, peeling practically stops. Pigmentation may disappear. The patient's well-being becomes optimal.

Alopecia

Everyone knows that hair can fall out in different ways: you can pick strands from your comb and pillows a couple of times a year, or you can lose them in clumps, from which areas of the scalp will be exposed. The latter case is called baldness in everyday life, and alopecia in medicine.

This is intense hair loss, which one way or another actually leads to baldness - partial or complete. This pathology is associated either with age-related changes occurring in the body, or with serious internal diseases, without treatment of which it is impossible to get rid of such a scourge.

Trichologists distinguish several types of disease:

• diffuse alopecia- hair becomes rare and thin over the entire surface of the head;
• alopecia areata- areas of complete absence of hair form on the head;
• androgenetic alopecia- baldness, dictated by an increased level of male sex hormones in the blood;
• total alopecia- complete absence of hair on the head, i.e. a bald person.

These scalp diseases most often affect men and women in mature age, although in case of serious illnesses, after undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy, young people, still very young, suffer from alopecia.

Any type of baldness is a very unpleasant cosmetic defect that can cause serious psychological trauma(especially young girls and young women).

In order not to bring the matter to such a serious condition, at the first symptoms of the disease it is necessary to seek professional help from trichologists, who will identify the cause of alopecia, determine the type of pathology, and prescribe treatment.

Frequent disease scalp – hair loss. It affects mature men and women more often. Alopecia combines the names of dermatological diseases associated with hair loss.

Types of disease:

• scar;
• focal;
• diffuse;
• seborrheic;
• non-scarring;
• androgenic.

The problem may be genetic, psychological, physiological nature. In most cases, the disease can be cured completely or symptoms can be relieved.

Symptoms of skin diseases in the scalp

Sores on the head in the hair, the causes of which can only be correctly determined by a dermatologist, have certain symptoms depending on the type.

In the oily form, the following symptoms are noted:

Liquid form the following characteristics are present:

• loss of shine in hair;
• hair greasiness;
• gluing strands.

The dry form is accompanied by:

• skin irritation;
• peeling;
• hair fragility;
• the appearance of dandruff;
• itching.

As a rule, patients develop a mixed type of disease.

With a mixed form, the following is observed:

• oily skin in the area of ​​the nasolabial triangle;
• pore contamination;
• dryness in the cheek area.

With hyperkeratosis the following are noted:

• the presence of small pimples and dark red bumps;
• roughness on the scalp;
• hair fragility.

With pediculosis the following are noted:

• itchy skin in the area of ​​the ears, temples and back of the head;
• the appearance of a rash in the form of red dots;
• enlarged lymph nodes on the head;
• suppuration at the site of scratching.

Symptoms of microsporia include:

With trichophytosis, the following symptoms are distinguished:

• hair loss and fragility;
• the formation of red spots that become burgundy over time;
• black spots on the head;
• swelling;
• discharge from the spots of liquid mixed with pus;
• peeling of the skin.

When scab occurs:

• development of small pustules;
• redness of the scalp;
• loss of shine in hair;
• hair thinning.

Eczema causes:

• rashes in the form of round plaques;
• burning;
• pain.

Symptoms of dandruff include:

Alopecia is characterized by hair loss.

Symptoms of scleroderma include:

• the presence of rounded foci of inflammation on the scalp;
• baldness;
• cessation of sweating;
• secretion of sebum.

Symptoms of psoriasis include:

• the presence of red or purple plaques;
• bleeding of the skin;
• peeling;
• dandruff;
• hair loss.

Oily seborrhea

It occurs due to disruption of the sebaceous glands, and, as a consequence, their pathologically high activity. The risk of the disease is increased in adult men over 30 years of age.

The catalyst can be:

• infection with a type of yeast fungus,
• lack of vitamins,
• tendency to increased oiliness of the skin,
• Availability endocrine diseases;
• eating disorders;
• prolonged or intense stress;
• metabolic disorders;
• genetic predisposition;
• insufficient scalp care.

With a skin disease, an oily sheen is observed, giving the impression that the hair is dirty or damp. Also characteristic is an increase in hair stiffness and a deterioration in its elasticity. After washing, the patient may notice yellowish dandruff appearing, sticking the strands together.

This disease is caused by the same factors as oily seborrhea. However this disease has features:

• significant drying of the scalp;
• the appearance of a large amount of dandruff;
• feeling of intense itching.

Dandruff can be of different shades, and the deterioration of the hair condition progresses. In some cases, the patient may aggravate the situation by scratching the dry scalp until bleeding wounds or sores appear. Both types of seborrhea can be successfully treated.

Sometimes dandruff and seborrhea are called the same disease, using these words as synonyms. However, dandruff is just the cause of a more serious and quite severe scalp disease - seborrheic dermatitis.

This is a pathological disorder of the sebaceous glands of the head, which are located near the hair follicles and secrete subcutaneous fat, the functions of which are very important for the health of the scalp and appearance hair.

It protects curls from external aggressors in the form of ultraviolet radiation and low temperatures, moisturizes, and gives natural shine. However, if the glands begin to produce too much of it or, conversely, very little, the consequences are very sad.

Symptoms of this scalp disease may include:

• entire areas of greasy, shiny, glossy skin form on the head;
• hair quickly becomes dirty and greasy within a few hours after washing your hair;
• a lot of dandruff appears;
• the scalp is inflamed and may not just itch, but hurt in the literal sense of the word;
• a slight itching of the scalp gradually develops into a great desire to scratch it until it bleeds;
• hair may begin to fall out.

The consequences of seborrhea do not bode well for the sick person, because among them:

1. Difficult to treat and very painful pustular diseases of the scalp;
2. A scattering of acne vulgaris;
3. Constant physical discomfort in the form of itching of the scalp;
4. A cosmetic defect that no hair care product can remove

Treatment of this scalp disease is prescribed by a trichologist, based on the individual characteristics of the patient’s body and the reasons that provoked the development and progression of seborrhea.

Complex therapy includes a hypoallergenic diet, a course of antimycotic treatment, and physiotherapeutic procedures (darsonvalization, cryomassage). This treatment is effective against both types of seborrheic dermatitis - oily and dry.

Oily seborrhea is a disease that occurs due to dysfunction of the sebaceous glands and a pathological increase in their activity.

All the features of this disease are given below:

1. Men over 30 years of age are at risk. The causative agent is a specific type of yeast fungus, but the disease can also be triggered by prolonged experience of stressful situations, a tendency towards increased oiliness of the skin, the presence of endocrine diseases, lack of vitamins, impaired metabolism, poor heredity or lack of proper care for hair.
2. The main symptom is the presence of an unhealthy oily sheen, due to which the hairstyle always seems dirty or damp. Even after washing, a rapid formation of yellowish oily dandruff is observed, which sticks the strands together. There is also a thick form of oily seborrhea, which is characterized by an increase in the rigidity of the hairline and a deterioration in its elasticity.
3. Antifungal shampoos are used for treatment, but this measure alone is not enough. It will be necessary to carry out diagnostics and find out the main causes of this disease, which will prevent possible relapses.
4. Effective prevention is to comply with the rules and regulations of personal hygiene, right choice products for washing your hair, giving up bad habits and leading a healthy lifestyle, ensuring a balanced and nutritious diet, maintaining the immune system in good condition and preventive measures vitamin complexes.

Dry seborrhea occurs for the same reasons as the oily variety, but this disease has its own individual characteristics:

1. The main symptom is severe drying of the skin, which leads to flaking of the scalp and the appearance of a large amount of dandruff; its color may vary. Against the background of dandruff formation, severe itching gradually begins to be felt and general deterioration hair condition.
2. To treat dry seborrhea, complex therapy is used, which will consist of the use of antifungal drugs and shampoos with a moisturizing effect to restore water balance. At the discretion of the specialist, physiotherapeutic procedures may be prescribed, including cryotherapy, mesotherapy or cryomassage. In the most neglected and difficult situations appointment is scheduled pharmacological drugs hormonal type and medicines With high level zinc content.
3. Preventive measures are exactly the same as for oily seborrhea.

Diagnosis of skin diseases in the scalp

Hair sores on the head, the causes of which depend on the type of disease, require careful diagnosis.

Diagnostics involves:

• taking anamnesis;
• visual inspection;
• hair and blood tests in the laboratory.

Hardware diagnostics are also used. The scalp is examined using special devices equipped with a video camera and a microscope. The camera image is displayed on a computer monitor.

Computer diagnostics is able to display:

• change in the structure of the hair follicle;
• disruption of the sebaceous glands;
• presence of hair loss,
• the presence of a skin disease.

Phototrichogram allows you to track pathology over time. Using this method, an accurate diagnosis can be made.

It allows you to evaluate:

Through spectral analysis of the hair, trace elements are examined at the microscopic level, which makes it possible to detect an imbalance of trace elements in the hair and detect damage from poisons and chemicals.

The cost of an examination in Moscow ranges from 400 to 10,000 rubles, depending on the type of diagnostic procedure. In Samara, such a service will cost from 600 to 7,000 rubles.

Psoriasis

The situation with psoriasis is much more complicated, since this disease, although it does not pose a threat to human life, often goes into a chronic phase and disrupts the aesthetic appearance.

All its main features are discussed in more detail below:

1. There are different forms of psoriasis, but the main symptom is always the appearance of noticeable patches covered with easily detachable scales, which are usually grayish or white in color.
2. Factors that can provoke this disease are: excessive increase in load on the central nervous system; dietary disorders; previous injuries; frequent hypothermia; tendency to an allergic reaction and its exacerbation.
3. In the initial stages, psoriasis can be cured by treating the affected areas with various ointments, which include one of the following components: salicylic acid, zinc oxide or tar. In all other cases, specialists prescribe potent pharmacological drugs for oral administration. Drug therapy usually includes sedatives, corticosteroids and vitamin complexes.

Factors that increase the risk of developing or relapsing psoriasis:

• genetic predisposition;
• eating disorders;
• frequent hypothermia;
• infection with infectious diseases;
• allergic reactions;
• excessive stress on the central nervous system;
• neglect of personal hygiene;
• previous injuries or illnesses;
• decreased immunity.

The causes of psoriasis are not clear. It has been established that the risk of the disease increases to 25% if one of the person’s parents is diagnosed with psoriasis. The figure increases to 75%. For healthy parents, the risk of having a child with psoriasis is no more than 17%. Also proven, but not deeply studied, is the connection between the state of the central nervous system and the development of psoriasis, with stabilization psychological state Patients show significant improvements.

When to see a doctor

Sores on the head in the hair require competent consultation with a specialist. Only a doctor can determine the cause of the pathology. If you have a problem with the scalp, you should contact a trichologist. The doctor will conduct appropriate studies and prescribe a treatment regimen.

You should contact a trichologist in the following cases:

A visit to a trichologist is also necessary if inflammation in the form of pads filled with pus is visually visible. This indicates pathology of the hair follicle.

Ringworm

One of the most common infectious diseases that significantly affects the scalp. Scalp lesions are caused by a type of fungus. It has been found that people with vitamin A deficiency are more susceptible to the disease.

Causes of the disease:

• violation of personal hygiene rules;
• contact with a carrier of lichen: animal or human;
• use of contaminated personal hygiene items;
• serious damage to the skin;
• significant decrease in immunity.

The incubation period lasts up to four days. Symptoms: the skin on the head is covered with red or pink spots in the shape of rings, there is severe itching. The success of treatment largely depends on the patient and his lifestyle.

Ringworm is an infectious disease that affects the scalp and is caused by a specific type of fungus.

Symptoms, causes and methods of getting rid of the disease are described below:

1. Infection most often occurs through direct contact with infected warm-blooded animals, people or their personal hygiene items.
2. Factors that increase the risk of infection: lack of vitamin A in the body, systematic contact with an infected person, failure to comply with personal hygiene rules, bad condition immune system and the presence of serious damage to the skin.
3. The incubation period is no more than 3-4 days, after which the main symptoms begin to be observed: the appearance of characteristic spots in the form of rings of a reddish or pinkish color, while a feeling of itching is felt in the affected areas.
4. When the first signs of the disease appear, urgent action is necessary, since otherwise the disease may become chronic. Therapy usually consists of oral medications with antifungal components, such as Lamisil, as well as topical treatment. Sulfur-tar ointments, alcohol solutions of iodine and preparations containing salicylic acid show a high degree of effectiveness. Often required additional treatment affected hair, following a diet and taking vitamins and mineral complexes, which can improve the immune system and the body’s natural resistance.

Prevention of skin diseases in the scalp

TO preventive measures include:

Microsporia

Microsporia is another fungal disease that simultaneously affects the skin and scalp, and in the most severe cases, also the nail plates.

All the features of the course and treatment of this disease are given below:

1. Children aged 5-12 years are at risk; microsporia occurs in adults only in rare cases. This is due to the high level of concentration of organic acids in the hair, which does not allow the pathogenic fungus to actively multiply.
2. The lesions from which the lesions spread are most often located on the crown or temples. Their size is usually no more than 2-5 cm, and the borders have clear, rounded outlines. The first symptom is peeling of the skin in the affected areas, but after a week the fungus also affects the hair, which becomes too brittle and begins to fall out after numerous mechanical damages. Sometimes there are forms of microscopy in which swelling and inflammatory processes purulent type, which is why soft blue-red nodes appear on the head.
3. To treat microsporia, 5% iodine tincture is usually used, as well as various ointments containing salicylic acid, tar or sulfur. The specifics of therapy depend on the form of the disease and the specifics of its course; oral antibiotics are often additionally prescribed.

Another common dermatological ailment of the scalp. In advanced cases, nails also suffer. The disease most often affects children 5-12 years old. Adults almost usually do not suffer from microsporia due to physiological characteristics: high concentration of organic acids in the hair, inhibiting the growth of fungus.

In rare cases, the disease is accompanied by the appearance of swelling and purulent inflammation, the appearance of blue-red nodules.

Treatment of scalp diseases

Depending on the type of disease affecting the scalp, various methods treatment.

For fungal diseases, it is advisable to use special shampoos, the action of which is aimed at eliminating the symptoms of fungal activity and improving the condition of the skin. The following antifungal agents can be noted:

• Nizoral shampoo, the use of which can reduce painful sensations and eliminate itching, as well as relieve flaking;
• Dermazole, which can also be used to treat seborrheic dermatitis;
• Cynovitis. Affects the skin and improves the functioning of the sebaceous glands. It is also used for various types of dermatitis.

Use antifungal agents in the same way as regular shampoos. Depending on the disease, as well as the type of shampoo chosen, the course of treatment can last from 3 days to 2 weeks.

If you have dermatological diseases of the scalp, you must definitely consult a trichologist who will determine the correct course of treatment. Its duration, as well as the methods of therapy used, will depend on the reasons that led to the development of the disease.

After an examination and diagnosis, your doctor will determine why your scalp is giving you so many problems and tell you how to proceed. Depending on the disease, appropriate treatment will be prescribed.

Any scalp fungus is treated primarily medicinally with systemic antifungal drugs. Despite their high efficiency, they are toxic and therefore have many contraindications: cancer, blood diseases, metabolic disorders, vascular pathology of the extremities.

Usually prescribed in such cases are Clotrimazole, Miconazole, Griseofulvin, various keratolytic agents (both tablets and ointments), all kinds of local drugs (antifungal balms and shampoos). Treatment of fungal diseases of the scalp usually lasts more than one month. Sometimes antibiotics and hormone-containing drugs are even prescribed.

If one of the dermatitis has been diagnosed, treatment of the hair and scalp is comprehensive and is aimed primarily at eliminating the symptoms of the disease. The patient is recommended to normalize his diet (eat more foods that contain a lot of zinc, selenium, vitamins A, B, C). Antifungal drugs are prescribed (Nizoral, Mycozoral, Sebozol, Nizorex).

For pediculosis, it will be enough to treat the scalp at home, involving external treatment. In pharmacies today there is a fairly wide selection of drugs for the treatment of this disease. Use Permitrin, Para-plus, Spray-pax, Nittifor, Medifox, A-Par and other similar drugs.

If you have folliculitis, you can no longer limit yourself to home treatment. The specialist must open all the formed purulent pustules and remove the pus from there. Ichthyol ointment is often used. In the most severe cases, antibacterial therapy and complex treatment with supportive immunotherapy are used.

If you have been diagnosed with similar scalp diseases, contacting a specialist, a properly selected course of treatment will allow you to get rid of them in the shortest possible time. To avoid all these troubles and not get poisoned medications, you need to know how to properly care for your scalp.

Pathologies bring discomfort to the patient, psychological problems provoke the development of complexes. At an early stage, it is possible to cure pathologies. Late stages take on a protracted chronic nature.

Therapy for the scalp is carried out using medications, vitamin complexes, and hormonal drugs. Folk remedies and physiotherapeutic procedures are also used.

Favus

A disease of a fungal nature, its more common name is “scab”. Symptoms: dry and dense crusts on the scalp, thick at the edges, but sinking towards the center. The middle of the lesion can be covered thin hair. Accompanied by itching and an unpleasant odor in the affected area. The crusts are difficult to separate, the skin is injured, and bleeding begins. With favus, the hair becomes dull, thinner, brittle and easily separated from the skin (for example, when combing).

Transfer methods:

• through contact with a sick animal or person;
• when using infected items.

The risk group includes people with reduced immunity, poor lifestyle, volunteers, and animal breeders. The doctor can determine how to treat scab after taking an analysis and acutely.

Eczema

Eczema comes in many different forms, with the scalp usually affected by the seborrheic variety.

This disease has many forms, but it is the scalp that most often suffers from the seborrheic variety. Description: appearance of yellowish plaques different sizes, hair loss. Gradually, the plaques dry out, become crusty and begin to peel off.

Factors that provoke or aggravate the disease:

Skin diseases in this case, they can be chronic and aggravated by stress, contact with caustic substances, and also be a reaction to a new hygiene product.

Pediculosis

Most often, lice are localized in the scalp of humans. However, they can spread to the groin area, live in clothing, or travel throughout the body. Often the disease is not noticed, attributing the occurrence of bites to mosquitoes. Symptoms: tactile sensations (someone crawling on the body), moving hair, the appearance of itchy red and swollen bites.

In advanced cases of pediculosis or due to the characteristics of the patient’s body, the The lymph nodes, deep scratches will appear, threatening infectious diseases.

All features of the course of pediculosis and treatment for it are discussed below:

This is a purulent infectious skin lesion that affects the head and other parts of the human body. May be caused by bacteria or fungus, to be prescribed adequate treatment it is necessary to establish the nature of folliculitis. The risk group includes people living in hot climates or unsanitary conditions. The lesion affects the area near the hair follicle, then a purulent pustule forms.

Skin diseases, for the most part, indicate a disruption in the functioning of the entire body. Therefore, it is extremely important to seek medical help in time to diagnose accurate diagnosis and receiving adequate treatment.

Folliculitis is a purulent lesion of the skin that can affect not only the head, but also other parts of the body.

The features of this disease are discussed below:

1. People living in countries with hot climates or unsanitary conditions are at risk.
2. The lesions are located near the hair follicles, and a pustule with pus inside is formed. After opening, a small ulcer remains, which soon becomes covered with a crust consisting of a mixture of blood and pus. It usually takes about a week for complete healing; after peeling off the crust, a scar may remain in its place.
3. Treatment is prescribed depending on the form and causes of folliculitis. For bacterial infections, antibiotics are prescribed; for herpetic infections, acyclovir is prescribed; and for fungal infections, special antifungal drugs are prescribed. In more complex cases, potent drugs are prescribed, but at the initial stage it is sufficient to treat the affected areas with green or fucarcin.

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