Confusion or disorder of consciousness is a distorted perception of the real world. This pathology is a whole complex of different syndromes, among which the following are considered especially striking and significant:

• Disorientation in time and space;
• incoherent thinking;
• complete or almost complete amnesia.

The disease has varying degrees of severity and can manifest itself as simple stupor, stupor or coma. Depending on the severity of the syndromes, emergency psychiatric care is provided and the person is hospitalized for subsequent inpatient treatment. Treatment can be carried out either in a psychiatric hospital (pronounced stupefaction syndrome) or in intensive care unit hospitals.

Description of the disease

Darkness is one of the forms pathological condition, which is characterized by a short-term but sharp (sudden) loss of clarity and clarity of consciousness.

Such an inadequate state can also manifest itself in the form of self-isolation from the outside world, detachment and asociality. In this case, a person exhibits outwardly ordered behavior that is similar to automatic. In some cases, with disorders of a twilight nature, a state of fear, apprehension, melancholy may be observed, or attacks of anger and rage may appear. The peculiarity of the condition is that it goes away as suddenly as it begins.

All a person’s memories of the “experienced” state are completely erased. Although, sometimes a person still remembers fragmentarily both the actions he performed and the events occurring at that moment. But this is rather an exception to the rule of total amnesia.

The duration of the twilight type disorder can last from several minutes to several days.

It is believed that the main causes of this condition are pathologies that arise in the brain. The disorder also occurs during hysterical psychosis or other pathological condition. To confirm the diagnosis, you need not only anamnesis, but also testimony from eyewitnesses who observed clinical manifestations human behavior.

In such a situation, the most correct thing to do would be to ensure the safety of both the person and those around him through emergency hospitalization. As for treatment, taking into account the patient’s initial condition, drug therapy is prescribed.

Treatment is carried out only by specialists from the field of psychiatry.

Reasons for appearance

Professionals from the field of psychiatry identify two sets of reasons that can give impetus to the development of twilight disorder of consciousness.

There are functional and organic reasons.

The most common and widespread causes of organic nature include classical epilepsy. The group of organic causes, in addition to the already mentioned epilepsy, includes lesions temporal region(its medial sections), provoked by:

1. Neoplasms (tumors);
2. TBI (traumatic brain injury);
3. Other pathological processes.

TO functional reasons, provoking twilight disorder of consciousness include stress, difficult situations of a traumatic nature and hysterical psychosis.

Types of pathology

Based on clinical symptoms, psychotic and non-psychotic disorders of consciousness are distinguished. The psychotic group includes the following types:

1. , which is accompanied by vivid manifestations of fear and fear, sadness and melancholy, or expressed rage and anger;
2. Delusional disorder, during which the patient develops obsessive delusional ideas that determine his behavior;
3. Hallucinatory disorder accompanied by visual and auditory hallucinations. During this type of state, the appearance of obsessive illusions is observed, the content of which determines his behavior. Behavior is also influenced by the content of the hallucinations that arise.

Separately, experts identify this type of psychotic twilight disorder as oneiric, which is accompanied by the appearance of fantastic colorful hallucinations adjacent to the patient’s weak external activity.

Manifestations of catatonia (a syndrome of a psychopathological nature, which is accompanied by motor disturbances in the form of hyperexcitation or, conversely, complete stupor) may be observed.
The group of non-psychotic twilight disorders of consciousness includes:

1. Trances, which are distinguished by a fairly long period, and during which a person can “automatically” perform any action. As practice shows, the most common activity of the patient is moving to an unfamiliar city;
2. Automatisms are outpatient, which are characterized by automatic short-term actions;
3. Somniloquy, accompanied by;
4. Somnambulism, the main indicator of which is.

Main features

Symptoms of twilight disorder depend on the type and type of condition.

Dysphoric disorder

The patient has, first of all, a visual orderliness of his activity and actions. At the same time, the patient becomes immersed in himself and appears isolated from the events occurring around him. An angry or gloomy grimace appears on the face. In rare cases, a person appears wary.

Since the patient does not show any reactions to contact with him, it is not possible to establish contact with the person.

Most of the time he is silent. Sometimes he can answer using standard phrases that have nothing to do with the sentences or questions addressed to him. A person can recognize his surroundings and recognize people who are familiar to him.

This “recognition” is very limited, because the patient completely loses the ability to critically evaluate his own behavior. As a result, the patient performs actions that are completely inadequate for the specific situation.

If fragmentary hallucinations occur, the patient’s perception of time and his body is disrupted, and an “obsessive” feeling of death or the presence of a double appears.

If hallucinations progress, then either aggression appears, aimed at external world, or auto-aggression directed at oneself.

Hallucinatory type

Illusions appear, turning into auditory and visual hallucinations. It becomes impossible to establish productive contact with the patient, because he completely isolates himself from reality and ceases to perceive words and actions addressed to him. As a result of the impact of hallucinations, which, as a rule, are frightening in nature, a person becomes aggressive and embittered. Therefore, cases of extreme cruelty towards others are not uncommon. A patient in this condition can cause severe injuries to people nearby, and even kill with his bare hands.

Delusional type disorder

The patient has an obsessive idea that he is being persecuted. The person looks absolutely “normal” and collected. Perhaps he looks overly cautious and scared. But it is impossible to establish contact with him in this state, since he is trying to “protect himself” and can commit inappropriate, atypical and asocial actions.

Delusional disorder is a rare case when, after emerging from a pathological state, the patient can retain memories of his experiences and emotions.

Outpatient automatism

The patient performs actions automatically (on autopilot). Outwardly, such a person looks absent-minded or thoughtful. In fact, during such a state, the patient can leave the apartment and “find himself” already in neighboring city. In this case, exit from the state is accompanied by . As with trances, the patient has no hallucinations, no delusions, no dysphoria. At the same time, trances last for a longer period, so a person may find himself at a greater distance from home.

Hysterical psychosis

There is a lesser degree of self-isolation from reality, which allows, at least partially, to maintain contact with the person. Thanks to contact, it is possible to determine the reasons or circumstances that provoked the development of hysterical psychosis and resulted in a twilight disorder of consciousness.

To clarify the picture of what is happening, you can put the patient into a hypnotic sleep.

First aid

Based on the nature and type of disorder, certain priority actions are taken.

The main task is to protect a person from himself as quickly as possible. The patient must be isolated so that he does not cause harm to himself or others.

In case of dysphoric delusional or hallucinatory disorder, the patient must be isolated until doctors arrive. To protect a person from self-injury, his hands need to be secured. Upon arrival of the ambulance, a team of professionals performs comprehensive fixation of the patient and also administers diazepam (2-4 ml.). If the excitement does not go away 10 minutes after the injection, the drug should be re-administered in the amount of half the first dose. Similar action drugs such as seduxen, sibazon or relanium have.

If a psychotic type is affected, the patient must be immediately taken to psychiatric department and use antipsychotic drugs and medications with tranquilizer properties to normalize the condition.

Upon recovery from the pathological condition, individual psychotherapy is prescribed.

If the twilight disorder is non-psychotic in nature, then emergency care is not needed, but treatment of the underlying pathology should be carried out. In this case, on further forecast influences the current chronic disease and its features.

Treatment Options

To diagnose twilight-type disorders of consciousness, an assessment must be performed. clinical picture and analysis of eyewitness testimony. To confirm the diagnosis, EEG, CG and MRI of the brain are performed (we advise you to read); a consultation with a neurologist is also indicated.

If a crime was committed during a pathological condition, then a forensic psychiatric examination should be carried out.

Depending on the type of disorder, treatment is prescribed. If we are talking about a non-psychotic type, then the main emphasis in treatment is aimed at the root cause, that is, the pathology that provoked the disorder. If we are talking about the psychotic type, then, first of all, it is necessary to bring the patient out of the state of “inadequacy”, and based on the results of all examinations, prescribe treatment, including drug therapy, and individual psychotherapy.

Conclusion

Conclusion

At this stage, the researchers agreed that the cause of the twilight disorder of consciousness lies in the disruption of connections between neurons. Failures in cortical connections are not structural, but functional in nature, and are provoked by the development of an imbalance of neural mediators that occurs during various intoxications, endogenous mental disorders, ischemic disruptions in the functioning of the brain, etc.

The main task of specialists is not just to identify the disorder, but to determine its type, which allows them to determine subsequent treatment tactics and achieve positive results.

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Stupefaction is a person’s disorientation in space and time, which can be accompanied by a violation of self-identification, as well as delusions and hallucinations.

There may be a short-term, transient state of confusion, not associated with medical problems. For example, while falling asleep, after a sudden awakening, especially during dreams, etc. After a few seconds, or at most minutes, consciousness is completely restored. However, if such a condition lasts for several hours, days or even weeks, and is aggravated by increasingly greater manifestations of disorientation, we are talking about diseases or disruption of brain activity.

Classification of conditions

Stupefaction can be of different types, depending on the depth and type of disturbance. Relatively mild form darkened consciousness is considered to be stunning, in which a person does not respond to verbal appeal to him, but retains reactions to touch, injection, heat, etc. This condition is not accompanied by hallucinations or dangerous behavior. But it is dangerous because it can turn into stupor and coma. The following types of darkness pose an even greater danger.

Delirium

Delirium, or delirious syndrome, is a disorder characterized by hallucinations. Most often they have negative content and can even frighten the patient. During these visions, the patient is active, makes various movements, and reacts emotionally to what he has dreamed. Most often he defends himself from insects, animals, dragons, aliens, etc. Hallucinations are perceived by a person as if they were real events. These can be vivid memories, detailed scenes involving people or animals.

In a state of delirium, the patient is talkative, but speech may be incoherent and fragmentary. Some people limit their expression of emotion to exclamations. From time to time consciousness clears up, this is especially typical in the morning hours immediately after waking up. In vespers and at night, on the contrary, clouding of the mind becomes more active.

Visual (true) hallucinations are most often observed, but tactile and auditory hallucinations are also possible. Self-awareness is not impaired, but events and the environment are perceived inadequately. For example, the patient is in an apartment, but it seems to him that he is in a public place, or vice versa.

Delirium is characterized by frequent changes in a whole range of emotions, from fear and panic to euphoria and delight. Occupational delirium is characterized by isolation and monotonously repeating movements that imitate different kinds professional activity(typing, chopping wood, sawing, hammering nails, knitting, etc.). Motor hyperactivity develops, but hallucinations significantly decrease or disappear. At the same time, a person further loses the ability to navigate in time and space, as well as contact with the outside world.

With muttering or exaggerating delirium, a person constantly mutters something incoherent, makes small movements: fumbles through the blanket and clothes, pulls them, etc. It is characteristic that later the patient completely does not remember anything that happened during the attack around him and with himself.

Oneiroid

Oneiric disorder is even more serious. It is also associated with hallucinations, but with oneiroid visions are fantastic in nature and not necessarily negative in content. The person who experiences them can then, with varying degrees of coherence, recreate the dreamed pictures. As a rule, they are all associated with great things and great people. During visions, the patient either saves the Galaxy or performs another important mission, then he meets Napoleon (or any other historical figure), then he himself transforms into one of the historical figures.

It is not difficult to distinguish a person in the oneiroid state by his immobility and frozen gaze. Only the expression of the eyes changes, expressing either amazement, delight, curiosity, or fear.

Visions with oneiroid resemble a waking dream. Fantastic pictures can fit into a real environment. The person is completely detached from the world, absorbed in visions. People who awaken from hallucinations remember (completely and fragmentarily) the illusory world they dreamed of. Oneiroid often accompanies this mental illness like schizophrenia.

Amentia

Amentia is a condition that lasts for weeks without clearing up. In the evening hours it can turn into delirium. It is characterized by complete amnesia for experiences and events occurring during the amentive period, impaired thinking, and suppressed analytical ability. This condition develops gradually and does not arise suddenly, unlike twilight.

The patient is so disoriented in place, time, events and his own personality that he experiences confusion and helplessness. There are mood swings from tearfulness to enthusiasm. At the same time, the person either freezes in immobility, or actively makes monotonous aimless movements.

Sometimes delusions and hallucinations appear, but behavior is little influenced by them. On the contrary, the patient’s speech is tied to what is happening in reality. In this state, a person is talkative, but what he says may be incoherent and incomprehensible.

Twilight

State twilight consciousness comes upon a person suddenly and passes just as abruptly. The attack lasts relatively short: minutes, hours, sometimes days. People in this state are disoriented, but perform their usual actions. The disorder is not noticeable to others. Human behavior seems completely natural. There is a special subtype of twilight - ambulatory automatism, in which a person begins to wander involuntarily.

IN acute form The twilight state occurs with fear and sometimes aggression. The patient sees something frightening, his speech becomes incoherent, as if he is dreaming and seeing nightmare. Psychosis may occur with senseless cruel actions and fits of rage. In such a state, a person is capable of committing a crime. However, after the attack he cannot remember anything.

Particularly noteworthy is the drowsy twilight state that occurs with a sharp awakening from deep sleep. The person gets scared and begins to defend himself, sometimes quite aggressively. He can throw objects, scream, shield himself with his hand or a blanket, try to hit the person who woke him up, knock over objects by jumping up. After a few minutes everything passes, and he either calms down or falls asleep again.

Twilight stupor can be observed with head injuries, as well as epilepsy.

Aura

The aura condition is experienced by patients with epilepsy shortly before an attack. The patient remembers the emotions he experiences, while events in the real world are not perceived or are remembered fragmentarily. During an attack, a person freezes, immersing himself in himself, he is occupied only by his own experiences. He perceives the world not adequately to reality: the color and contrast of objects seem brighter, colored spots and dots flash in the eyes (photopsia), there may be visual, sound and taste hallucinations. Depersonalization of oneself occurs, a feeling of being someone else, and a feeling of a changed body structure appears.

Causes of confusion

The degree of confusion may vary. A person is not necessarily completely detached from reality; in mild cases, a short-term disorder of thinking and orientation is possible. Blackouts in one form or another can happen to anyone, and this does not always indicate brain disease or mental disorder.

Impaired consciousness occurs as a result of insufficiency of neurotransmitters in brain tissue. As a result, the neural conduction of brain impulses changes. There is a dysfunction of the autonomic and central nervous system.

The reasons may be:

• Strong emotional stress, shock (death loved one, divorce, shock from being present at the scene of a disaster, an accident with victims, etc.);
• traumatic brain injury;
• disruption of blood supply to the brain;
• brain hypoxia (oxygen starvation);
• infectious diseases of the brain (meningitis);
• severe dehydration of the body (including the brain);
• diseases that cause degeneration of brain structures ();
• blood sugar levels are too low or too high;
• body temperature more than 40 degrees;
• infections Bladder, especially in older people;
• exceeding the dose of medications that affect brain function (including sedatives);
• chronic alcoholism, drug addiction; recovery from binge drinking for alcoholics;
• intoxication.

Characteristic symptoms

Diagnosis of clouding of consciousness is based on the principle of the presence of four signs:

1. Detachment from the outside world, fragmentary and inconsistent perception of current events, reduced ability to analyze them.
2. Absorption in one’s own experiences, causing disorientation in time and space; The ability to identify familiar places and people may be impaired.
3. Violation of logic, thinking, amorphous and inconsistent judgments, loss of some information when constructing logical chains.
4. Memory lapses, up to complete amnesia, both of external events and of one’s own experiences during the period of darkness.

In moments of darkness, the outside world does not care or interest a person. The degree of clouding of consciousness is directly related to the depth of the patient’s immersion in his own internal experiences. Pictures emerge inside his consciousness that captivate him and evoke one or another emotional response. Behavior can be quiet, inactive, or, conversely, varying degrees activity. In some cases, the patient shows aggression towards others.

The most important external sign of clouding of consciousness is a frozen facial expression, lack of facial expressions. With some types of darkness, facial expressions can be active, but the person’s gaze still remains immersed “inward.”

It's important to understand the difference inner world a sick person from the experiences of a healthy one. In the case of darkness, we are not talking about the world of a dreamer who invents for himself the world in which he would like to exist, and either sets goals or enjoys dreams. There is nothing painful in either case. But with a darkened consciousness, visions are “slipped” to a person by his brain. This happens against the will of a person. The stronger the disorder, the more difficult it is for the illusory world to be controlled by consciousness. Often this is not a pleasant world, but a destructive and frightening one.

First aid for impaired consciousness

The main rule: a person in a darkened consciousness should never be left alone. With a clouded mind, a person cannot help himself; the help of loved ones is needed.

If the patient experiences psychomotor agitation, you need to try to calm him down and persuade him to lie down. In the opposite case, when frozen and immobile, in order to maintain a person’s connection with reality, you should talk to him. Conversation topics should be simple. For example, you can ask the patient what his name is, how old he is, where you are with him now, what month it is, etc. If there is a danger of a negative perception of such questions, you can talk about the weather, terrain features, and ask questions about a subject familiar to your interlocutor.

You should call an ambulance as soon as possible. A person with clouded consciousness must be hospitalized. Most often, the place of his treatment is the psychiatric department of the hospital.

It is imperative to inform doctors if the patient is in an excited, especially aggressive, state. In this case, at least three people must accompany him to the hospital. Often, patients in a state of delirium, oneiroid, or twilight stupor are not able to behave adequately, much less be aware of their illness and the need for treatment. As a result, patients may resist doctors, nurses, and anyone else who tries to help them. Hysterical and even criminal behavior is possible.

After a head injury as a result of an accident, weakness, dizziness, and bleeding may occur. It is urgent to call an ambulance.

Treatment

A specialist doctor can suspect a patient’s state of darkened consciousness. Most often this is the lot of neurologists, traumatologists, narcologists, and psychiatrists.

Treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis and is primarily related to psychiatry. If eclipse of the mind occurs against the background of alcoholism, neurological dysfunction or head injury, then, in addition to relieving symptoms, the underlying disease is treated.

If the temperature is high, the patient should be reassured, put to bed and given paracetamol (but not aspirin).

Treatment also depends on the severity and general condition. If the severity of the darkness is not higher than average, and the patient’s behavior is not criminal (does not threaten subsequent legal proceedings), he just needs to be calmed down with a conversation. Mild disorders may not require specific medication treatment.

The state of the brain affects the functions of the entire body. In particular, many may experience various types of clouding of consciousness. There are many reasons for loss of consciousness, as well as the symptoms of its manifestation. If frequent cases or prolonged darkness occur, treatment is required.

What is clouding of consciousness?

A change in the mental activity of the brain, in which a person cannot think, becomes disoriented, partially or completely loses contact with reality, is called stupefaction. On practice this state can last from a few minutes to several weeks. Most often, confusion lasts for minutes or days.

This disorientation can happen to absolutely anyone, regardless of age, gender and other factors. The main reasons are those that affect the activity of the brain.

On the psychiatric help website, several forms of manifestation of clouding of consciousness are highlighted, which affects the duration and even the content of the condition:

1. , occupational delirium, delirious state or stupor.

This state is characterized by a person’s active participation in what he sees and hears. We are talking about the hallucinations that happen to him. At the same time, he reacts to them with emotions very clearly. Sometimes he can cry, sometimes he can laugh. Mood changes are very rapid in a short period of time.

A person with delirium is very active. He may run away from someone, chase someone, talk to someone, etc. The patient’s speech is abrupt, inconsistent, and incomprehensible to others.

Hallucinations during delirium are visual, tactile, auditory. A person can periodically return to normal. However, he may partially or not remember anything at all. The patient is disoriented only in the surrounding area and faces, but he understands well who he is.

If delirium progresses, then a professional form of pathology develops, in which the individual performs habitual, monotonous actions related to his work. Hallucinations may be absent.

Delirium manifests itself in the form of muttering, uncoordinated actions, and agitation. The movements resemble the desire to take something away or pull it over oneself.

Delirium comes in various degrees. All of them indicate the depth of the pathology. If a person recovers, he usually cannot remember what happened to him.

1. Oneiroid, dream stupefaction, oneiric state.

This condition is accompanied by bright visual hallucinations fantastic character. It seems to a person that he finds himself in a certain world that lives according to completely different laws and rules than reality. Fantasies may overlap with the surrounding reality or not be based on it at all.

With oneiroid, a person is usually either excited or inhibited. His expression becomes frozen, he says nothing, does nothing. So-called catatonia occurs.

When a person comes to his senses, he clearly remembers everything he saw. He can talk about what he saw to those around him, both in fragmentary memories and in completely consistent ones. At the same time, the patient is absolutely convinced that everything that happened was real (just as with delirium). However, after a few days or weeks, this conviction passes.

1. Amentia, amentive stupor.

A person in this state becomes disoriented in absolutely everything (terrain, time, self). He sees hallucinations, which are accompanied by delusions, but these phenomena do not affect his behavior.

A person does not reason well in this state. His speech is very fast, but fragmented and incoherent. The mood is unstable, predominantly negative.

A person’s behavior with amentia is agitated, but quickly gives way to short-lived amentia. Movements are unfocused, sweeping, inconsistent.

Amentia is a deep clouding of consciousness in which a person almost never returns to a normal state. Delirium may occur periodically. If a person recovers, he remembers absolutely nothing of what happened to him.

1. Twilight stupefaction.

A person gets lost in space and time, but at the same time retains his usual actions, which allows him not to stand out among other people. This condition can last for several minutes or even days.

If the condition becomes acute, then the person begins to be aggressive, excitable, sad, talkative, and afraid. He becomes furious and even cruel, his actions are directed against the people around him. But when the psychosis passes, the person does not remember anything.

Drowsy stupefaction is accompanied by a sharp awakening from sleep, the performance of automatic actions against a background of fear and against surrounding people. A few minutes later the person falls asleep again, after which he does not remember anything or vaguely remembers what happened.

1. Aura.

This state is short, but very bright. Usually occurs before epileptic seizure. come in different formats, even the background and color of the surrounding world changes. In this case, the person is completely disoriented in space, time, even in his own body.

The person freezes, does not move, and everything that happens is remembered very well. A person in a state of aura does not notice what is happening in the surrounding reality. At the same time, he perfectly remembers everything that happens during the aura.

1. Stun.

Here a person becomes inactive, indifferent, inhibited, silent. A state of drowsiness is created in which a person answers questions inaccurately or does not enter into dialogue at all. In this case, there are no affects, hallucinations, etc.

A mild form of stunning is called nullification. As the condition progresses, the person generally stops paying attention to words and physical impact from the outside, reaching a state of coma.

Causes of confusion

Usually, all causes of clouding of consciousness come down to improper functioning of the brain. However, without accompanying factors, the brain would not produce such pathologies. CNS diseases, infections and intoxication can lead to amentia, delirium or obtundation. Oneiroid is a consequence of schizophrenia, and twilight is a consequence of epilepsy or traumatic psychosis.

Confusion is a consequence of:

1. Head injuries.
2. Dehydration.
3. Severe emotional shock.
4. Low or too high blood sugar.
5. Alcohol poisoning.
6. Temperature rises above 40 degrees.
7. Progressive brain diseases.
8. Poor blood or oxygen supply to the brain.
9. Genital tract infections in the elderly.
10. Infection affecting the brain.
11. Abuse of various medications.

Symptoms of confusion

You can recognize clouding of consciousness by the following symptoms:

• Hallucinations.
• Disorientation.
• Excitation.
• Difficulty speaking, inability to think clearly.
• Memory losses.
• Failure to perceive the surrounding reality.
• Loss of interest in favorite activities, stupor.
• Unpredictable behavior.
• Lack of personal hygiene.
• Rapid changes in mood or personality.
• Inability to concentrate on a simple task.

Confusion must be diagnosed by doctors who check for symptoms and make a diagnosis based on:

1. The existing detachment, partial or complete, from reality.
2. Partial or complete inability to remember what happened in an altered state.
3. Partial or complete disorientation in space, time, self.
4. Inability to think soberly, remember, or draw adequate conclusions.

Treatment of confusion

If a person is diagnosed with stupefaction, then he is hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital. When transporting, he must be accompanied by a nurse and paramedic. If there is an excited state, then the patient is accompanied by at least three people.

Treatment involves the use of drugs to support the cardiac and respiratory systems. Depending on the type of darkened state, specific medications are prescribed exclusively by a doctor and under his supervision.

If a person experiences a single case of confusion, then an ambulance should be called to provide first aid for head injuries. When the person returns to consciousness, there is no need to disturb him; it is better to let him lie down and rest.

Each case is individual. The doctor must examine the person and make a verdict on what happened to him and how it should be eliminated. There is no cure for confusion folk remedies at home, so you should avoid the desire to fix everything yourself.

Forecast

Confusion is a serious pathology that requires treatment. In severe cases, clouding of consciousness is eliminated in psychiatric hospitals with the help of medications. In milder forms, clouding of consciousness can be an isolated case, which will simply be an incomprehensible event in a person’s life.

The prognosis is favorable if a person seeks help when he realizes that something bad is happening to him, or his relatives use medical services. If the pathology is not treated, then the development of pathology and its progression is quite possible.

Doctors must first observe the patient and identify any somatic manifestations clouding of consciousness in order to distinguish this condition from coma or stupor. When a diagnosis is made, specialized treatment is prescribed. It is better to keep the patient under the supervision of doctors who know how to act in emergency situations.

Loved ones need to be patient and, most importantly, not to be afraid. All people experience fears. A person may have more than one fear, but several. It's completely normal to be afraid of something. Trying to get rid of such experiences is already becoming abnormal. Fear is an instinctive feeling that is inherent in nature to protect a person from death. Every day he is exposed to one danger or another. The feeling of fear allows him to protect himself from these dangers.

But there is another type of fear, which is called social, or developed. A person is afraid not of what may threaten him with death, but of what is associated with psychological, emotional or material discomfort. He is afraid that he will not get a job, that his partner will not like him. He is worried about taking exams. He is frightened by the opinions of the people around him. These types of fears do not threaten death. They are the interfering factor that needs to be gotten rid of.

You should read other articles and books about how to get rid of fear. But until you achieve victory in the fight against your “social” experiences, it is better to use the tactics of successful people.

The main thing is not to remove, not to get rid of, but to act despite your own. You can continue to be afraid, but act, do the right things. It is difficult to get rid of anxious thoughts and program yourself in advance to be fearless. You can talk about wasting time while you try to remove your fear. This is a feeling that expresses your attitude to what is happening. What happens if the situation changes? Your emotions will change too. Take action, change the situation, solve problems - the fear will go away on its own.

Don't listen to your own experiences. All people are tormented by fears and doubts. But successful representatives don't waste energy trying to get rid of them. They act to resolve those situations that cause unpleasant emotions.

Use this approach. You can get rid of fear, or you can simply ignore it. If nothing threatens you with danger, then all worries and doubts can be pushed into the background. Just don’t listen to your own emotions that overcome you, but act, perform the planned actions. Then fear will not be a hindrance for you.