Bogatyr Dmitry Khaladzhi constantly surprises with new records. Multi-ton vehicles run over him, he easily bends horseshoes and nails, and lifts unimaginable weights. How do such huge loads affect his body? We asked Dmitry this question during an online conference.
Your tricks are so dangerous. Do you often undergo examinations? How do these enormous physical activities affect your body?
The last time I was examined was a little over a year ago at Moscow Hospital No. 63. This is a hospital where members of the Russian Olympic team and cosmonauts are examined and treated. This took place as part of the filming of the film. They were making a documentary about phenomenal people and they suggested that I get examined there. We finally decided to find out what is the reason for performing certain power exercises, why I remain alive, why I don’t break, etc. There I was examined completely: heart, liver, kidneys. The examination showed that everything was working normally. We examined the composition of adipose tissue, a general blood test, a doping test, and a bone index. By the way, there was an interesting moment: when the bones were examined, it turned out that the level of my boneiness (I’m not saying this) in medical terms), my boneiness index is higher than the existing table. I think that when preparing for certain power tricks, not only muscles and tendons are trained, but also bones. Our bone is porous, but with great physical activity (for example, those people who are engaged in breaking objects with the edge of their palm), these pores are filled with bone tissue and the bone becomes much stronger and heavier. Those. something similar happened and is happening to me.
The weather is so bad now... Are you suffering from ARVI? How are you being treated?
The last time I was sick and had a fever was in childhood. I think people get sick a lot because their immune system is weakened. People have become susceptible to all kinds of acute respiratory viral infections. Nobody knows how old AIDS is. But people did not get sick from it before, perhaps for the reason that they had such a strong immune system that it simply did not affect them. If people used to do heavy physical labor... Even 100 years ago, let’s say, a peasant, when plowing the land, walked up to 35 versts behind a plow every day during the plowing period. Can you imagine what a colossal workload this person was under? And then when he mowed, he also had to walk the same number of miles, only with a scythe. Those. people were physically very hardened. And that's why they didn't get sick. There weren’t such a huge number of flu strains; people simply dealt with them with their own immunity. I could recommend it to everyone modern people harden. You don’t have to dive into an ice hole, you don’t have to shower yourself cold water. Just don’t wrap yourself up to your eyes, but dress a little lighter to get used to the cold. I am a regular herbalist. I constantly drink some herbs throughout the year, which helps the body. Not by medication, but by natural means traditional medicine. It is not some kind of witchcraft or witchcraft. Modern medicine fully accepts this.
Do you know anything about herbs or do you consult someone?
I figure it out myself. There are people with whom I consult. But what exactly I need for everyday life, I understand herbs.
Watch the full video version of the online conference with Dmitry Khaladzhi
According to many experts, bone tissue is approximately five times stronger in compression than reinforced concrete, its tensile strength is slightly higher than that of oak, and its strength approximately corresponds to the strength of cast iron. In particular, the femur can withstand an average of up to 3 tons. in compression, the tibia - even up to 4 tons. In tension, the compact substance of the bone can withstand a load of kg per 1 mm2, and in compression - kg. So to crush femur pressure, you need approximately 3 thousand kg, tibia - at least 4 thousand kg. Ossein bone can withstand a tensile load of 1.5 kg per 1 mm2, and a compressive load of 2.5 kg. The load-bearing capacity of bones during bending is much less. For example, the femur can withstand bending loads of up to 2.5 * 103 N.
Frontal in the skull.
The tibia on the leg can withstand up to 2 tons.
It is believed that it is tibia. But in life, obviously, it’s frontal: it can even break through walls, and if you come across a successful specimen, you can’t beat anything into it.
Which bone is the strongest?
Often a person gets injured - the jaw is displaced, or a blow to the jaw can knock a person down. It seems that this is a very vulnerable place in the human body. But here’s the paradox: the jaw is the most strong bone.
Often in comedies they use a human skeleton and this skeleton always clicks its jaw. He seems to be telling us: “This is my strongest bone.”
That is, all three of them tell us this.
Don't put your finger in our skeleton's mouth!
There are other versions. So, some believe that the most powerful and strong bone is the femur. This is despite the fact that it is hollow inside.
Well, that's how mysterious I am!
I cannot say with one hundred percent certainty, but it seems to me that the strongest bones in the human body should be the bones of the skull.
The brain is the most important organ; the condition of the entire organism and the normal functioning of all its systems depend on it. Therefore, nature and evolution need to ensure that this organ in humans is best protected by the strongest bones.
The bones of the skull do not break or crack from small impacts, as can happen to other bones in the case of a disease such as osteoporosis.
Incredible facts about the human body. Muscles and bones
Muscles and bones provide structure to our body and allow us to jump, run, or simply lie on the couch.
We have 17 muscles to smile and 43 to frown. Therefore, this is an extremely broad and varied topic, but only the most interesting can be mentioned.
Facts about bones
Newborns have 300 bones, and an adult has 206. The reason for many bones in babies is the division of large bones into smaller ones, which grow together with age (for example, the bones of the skull). Nature created this for newborns who need "elasticity" to be born.
- The skeleton contains 34 unpaired bones.
- The skull bones consist of 23 units.
- The spinal column consists of 26 bones.
- The ribs and sternum are made up of 25 bones.
- The skeleton of the upper limbs consists of 64 bones.
- The skeleton of the lower extremities consists of 62 bones.
Change in human height
We are taller in the morning than in the evening by about 1 cm.
The cartilage between our bones is in a relaxed position at the start of the day. However, during the working day we sit, walk or do other activities, which causes the cartilage to shrink at the end of the day.
For example, in astronauts the change in height is even more interesting. With prolonged exposure to weightlessness, their height increases by 5-8 cm.
The danger with this change in height is that it reduces the strength of the spine. Growth gradually returns to its previous parameters when the astronauts return to Earth.
After a person's death, his height increases by about 5 cm compared to his height during life.
The tooth is the only part human body, which itself does not recover. If you have ever lost a tooth, you probably know how unpleasant it is. Once the outer shell (enamel) is damaged, you will have a quick trip to the dentist.
Bones also have a very high resistance to compression and fracture.
In older people, the amount of minerals in the bones decreases, causing the bones to become brittle (osteoporosis).
Muscle Facts
The strongest muscle in the human body is the tongue. This means that the tongue is the strongest muscle in relation to its size.
Taking into account daily eating and speaking, it can be argued that the language becomes stronger every day.
Since the tongue has extreme mobility (about 80 movements per minute), it can soak and chew food, clean teeth with solid food particles, mix saliva with food and push already chewed food into the esophagus.
Without language we would not be able to speak.
The tongue also functions as a taste taster. It contains taste buds of different categories. Each such “tubercle” (papilla) has about 50 fibers that are capable of transmitting information to the human brain through the nervous system.
For you to feel sugar in the product you eat, its content is enough to be 0.5%, salt is felt at 0.25%, bitter at 0.002%, sour at 0.001%.
To take even one step, you use 200 muscles. You can imagine how much we use our muscles if in one day we can perform nearly various actions with our body.
- The largest muscle in the body is the buttock.
- The process of muscle growth itself occurs in deep sleep. This is the case because it is during sleep that the muscles are most relaxed, which in turn promotes good blood flow.
- Gaining muscle is much easier than losing it.
- On average, 1 kg of muscle in the body burns 14 calories per day, and the same 1 kg of fat burns 5 calories.
Legs make up 25% of all bones in the human body. Of the approximately 209 bones in humans, there are 52 leg bones.
- The volume of a person's foot increases by 8% in the evening.
- In one day of walking, a load of several tons is created on a person’s legs.
- Doctors recommend walking more often than any other physical activity.
- Women suffer from foot pain more often than men due to wearing high-heeled shoes.
- Due to swelling and weight gain in pregnant women, the foot increases in size by 1-2 cm.
- If you raise your foot, it may well shrink by 2 sizes, so when buying shoes, it is recommended to put them on and walk.
Which bone is the strongest in humans?
1. The hardness of bone depends on lime. In an adult it makes up 70% of the skeleton, and in old people almost 85%.
2. Newborns have about 300 bones, which over time is reduced to 206. This mechanism is laid down by nature in order to facilitate the process of the child passing through birth canal. As we age, bones harden and join together.
3. In the morning, a person’s height is higher than in the evening, by about 1 cm. This is explained by the fact that when we sit, stand, and walk, the cartilage between the bones shrinks a little.
At birth, a child's skeleton contains 300 bones.
With age, their number decreases to 206. This anatomical “oddity” has a simple explanation. The fact is that even after 9 months spent in the womb, the child’s skeleton remains not fully formed. Some bones (such as some skull bones) are made up of several composite bones (softer ones) that later fuse together to form one. A larger number of bones and their flexibility make it easier for the baby to pass through the birth canal.
- Tooth enamel is the hardest tissue the body can produce.
- Even considering that calcium is necessary, including for bone tissue 99% of calcium is found in teeth.
- Some studies prove that years ago the Mayan people (men) decorated their teeth with precious and semi-precious metals and stones. By this they showed the strength of their individual.
Human bone is stronger than some types of steel and 5 times stronger than reinforced concrete. However, this does not mean that your bones cannot break.
The comb ends at the bottom nasal spine, spina nasalis, on each side of which there is a small uneven area involved in the formation top wall the corresponding half of the nasal cavity. The nasal spine is also involved in the formation of the bony nasal septum; in front it connects with the crests of the nasal bones, and in the back with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone.
The edges of the ethmoidal notch are formed by half-cells, which, when connected on a solid skull with the corresponding half-cells of the ethmoid bone, form an air-filled ethmoid labyrinth.
Between the ethmoidal half-cells, two grooves pass in the transverse direction, which, together with the same grooves of the ethmoid bone, form the anterior and posterior canaliculi, which open on the inner wall of the orbit, respectively. anterior ethmoidal foramen, foramen ethmoidae anterius(the nasociliary nerve and anterior ethmoidal vessels pass through it) and posterior ethmoidal opening, foramen ethmoidae posterius(posterior ethmoidal nerve and vessels). Anterior to the ethmoidal notch, on both sides of the nasal spine, there is frontal sinus aperture, apertura sinus frontalis.
9. The collarbone is the most commonly broken bone.
8. 25% of human bones are in the legs, more than in any other part of the body.
Svetlana Kurochkina, Samogo.Net
You may not take much care of your feet. But this is the basis of our health. They bear the brunt of it, both literally and figuratively: they suffer from excessive static loads, varicose veins, swell, in a word, they require increased attention. Of the 200 bones, 52 are in the legs.
September 18, 2012
The strongest bone
Strength is the ability of a material to withstand an applied external destructive force. The strength limit of bones depends on the architectonics and density of the bone tissue itself. The shape of each bone in the human body (macroscopic structure) is determined by the need to withstand the greatest load in a certain part of the skeleton. If there is not enough calcium in the human body, then the bones are easily compressed, bent and twisted. And with an excess of calcium, bones become fragile.
Human bones are very strong; they can withstand compression loads better than tension loads. Compressive strength is 1.5 times higher than tensile strength. This is explained by the fact that the body is constantly affected by the force of gravity.
The tensile strength of bones is 3 times greater than the tensile strength of wood (with longitudinal load on the fibers) and 9 times that of lead. And under compression - 5 times more than the tensile strength of wood and 7 times more than the tensile strength of concrete. 1 square mm of bone tissue in cross section can withstand tensile loads of up to 12 kg and compression loads of up to 16 kg.
The femur is considered the strongest bone; its tensile strength MPa longitudinal axis and 58 MPa perpendicular to it. Under the action of compressive force, the strength of this bone is 187 MPa and 132 MPa, respectively. That is, it will take about 3000 kg to crush this bone under pressure.
In an adult healthy person The tensile strength of femur is the same as that of cast iron. This bone can withstand bending loads of up to 2500 N.
According to studies conducted in the last century, the femur can withstand a load of 7787 Ncm2. and 5500 Ncm sq. for compression and tension, respectively. And the tibia is 1650 Ncm2, and this can be compared with the mass of more than 20 people.
The strongest bone in the human body
The human skeletal system, in addition to its direct purpose of supporting the body, ensuring movement and protecting internal organs, is also a place of hematopoiesis, since it is in the bone marrow that new blood cells are formed. In addition, human bones are a kind of storage of calcium, phosphorus and play important role in the metabolism of minerals.
Bones come in different shapes - long and tubular, wide, short. Their structure is determined by the need to withstand the load in one or another part of the skeleton. Under the influence of various factors, bones can change their structure. For example, if there is a lack of calcium in the body, bones will bend easily, but if there is too much calcium, they will become brittle.
Human bones are very strong and can withstand greater loads in compression than in tension. The tensile strength of human bones is 3 times higher than that of wood and 9 times higher than that of lead. As for the compressive strength, human bones are 5 times higher than those of wood and 7 times higher than those of concrete.
Surprisingly, only 1 sq. mm of bone tissue can withstand loads of up to 12 kg in tension and up to 16 kg in compression. The largest tubular femur and large tibia claim the title of the strongest bones in the human body.
The strength of the femur is 132 MPa (megapascal) when stretched along the longitudinal axis and 58 MPa when stretched perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The indicators under the action of compressive force are 187 MPa and 132 MPa, respectively. The easiest way to imagine this is with an example - to crush the femur, you will need to apply compressive pressure of about 3000 kg. At the same time, the tibia can withstand compression forces of up to 4000 kg.
The hardest bone in humans
temperature 23..25 C, pressure 759..761 mm Hg, North wind, 4 m/s
- Mariupol
- Ukraine
- Mariupol
- Lugansk
- Kherson
- Odessa
- Nikolaev
- Zaporozhye
- Dnepropetrovsk
- Kharkiv
- Chernigov
- Zhytomyr
- Lviv
- Poltava
- Cherkasy
- Kirovograd
- Chernivtsi
- Ternopil
- Khmelnitsky
- Vinnitsa
- Uzhgorod
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- Smooth
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The number of deaths from fighting in Donbass has been announced
The armed conflict in certain areas of the Donetsk and Lugansk regions has been ongoing since April 2014. Deputy Speaker of the Verkhovna Rada Irina Gerashchenko announced new figures on how many Ukrainian citizens died in the fighting in Donbass.
Peacekeepers in eastern Ukraine are becoming a reality
Stepan Poltorak expressed optimism regarding the introduction of peacekeeping troops into the territory of certain areas of the Donetsk and Lugansk regions. As the Minister of Defense noted, the issue of introducing peacekeepers to the east of the country is becoming increasingly relevant and real. In addition, some countries have expressed a desire to help Kyiv finally bring peace to the eastern regions of Ukraine.
Volker clarified the date of elections in Donbass
The representative of the American establishment on the Ukrainian issue, Kurt Volker, commented on the topic of the possible date of the upcoming elections in Donbass. It is noted that they must take place only in accordance with Ukrainian legislation. The full deployment of peacekeeping forces will prepare temporarily uncontrollable central government regions towards transparent and democratic expression of will.
OSCE criticized ATO forces
The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe criticized the Anti-Terrorism Operation forces, which advanced into the so-called “gray zone” and regained control of several settlements. The special monitoring mission notes: the Ukrainian military group has moved several hundred meters, and therefore such a step could provoke an escalation of the conflict.
The OSCE recorded a violation of the Minsk agreements
The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe continues to record violations of the Minsk agreements in certain areas of the Donetsk and Lugansk regions. Observers note that the parties began to bring up heavy weapons, which equates to gross violations of Minsk-2, signed by the parties in February 2015.
Kuchma told how to end the conflict in Donbass
The armed conflict in certain areas of the Donetsk and Lugansk regions can be stopped if the United States uses its full geopolitical weight. This was stated at the Baltic-Black Sea Forum by the second President of Ukraine Leonid Kuchma. In particular, he added that the countries of the European Union have been playing with the Russian aggressor for too long and have clearly forgotten the events of the thirties of the twentieth century.
And with or without help.
Please note: there is a minor difference between vulnerabilities and pain points. Places are fairly large areas. And the points are exactly where you need to poke, aim, and mark. Whereas you can hit places almost without looking - you’ll still get there. Naturally, it is preferable to hit places rather than points - the chances of success are higher.
The difference between pain points and vulnerable points is also significant. For example, there is a pain point behind a person’s cheekbone. But! She can’t do anything except get sick, and not very badly. It can be used to torture someone. But not for effective self-defense. So don't get too carried away with the pain points. Rather, pay attention to vulnerable spots.
Location of vulnerable points on the human body
To the areas where there are vulnerable points of the body , include the perineum, solar plexus, ribs, heart, liver, spleen, armpits, kidneys, tailbone.
Through crotch area many large vessels and nerves pass through, above are the genital organs, which themselves are very sensitive. A blow to the perineum causes a painful shock and the danger of bladder rupture.
Dot solar plexus located in the center of the chest. Many vital organs (heart, liver, stomach) are located near the solar plexus. This is where the largest concentration of nerves is located. There are no ribs in this area, so it is unprotected and a blow to it produces a very strong painful effect. Painful shock, difficulty breathing, stomach bleeding, interruptions in heart function, loss of consciousness - these are far from full list consequences of such a blow.
By the way, there are vulnerabilities good book — .
By its structure ribs- the most fragile bones in humans. Therefore, fractures of the 5th-8th ribs occur even with impacts of moderate force. Broken ribs cause painful shock, and their fragments can damage vital organs.
In the area of the lower ribs there are liver and spleen. A blow to the liver is especially effective, since, even if not very strong, it leads to damage to the organ, which entails complete incapacitation of the enemy. The liver is located under the lower ribs with right side, and you should strike with your left hand (fist, elbow, edge of the palm) and knee in close combat, or use a direct strike with your left leg from a medium distance and your right leg from the side (external edge of the foot). Similarly, blows are applied to the area of the spleen, taking into account that it is on the left.
IN armpits large blood vessels and nerves pass through. Unlike many other areas of the body, they have neither bone nor muscle protection, so the sensation of a blow to the armpits is similar to a strong electric shock. As a result of such a blow, a painful shock and the inability to use the arm occur.
Kidneys are located in close proximity to back wall abdominal cavity. They do not have bone protection, so they are very vulnerable. When the kidneys are hit, severe painful sensations, their rupture and internal hemorrhage are possible. The portal “Weapons that are better than weapons” recommends finding your own kidneys first. And poke it a couple of times. For testing. When delivering a blow, it should be taken into account that the kidneys are located approximately at the same level as the elbow joint of the arm straightened along the body.
Kick in coccyx area may damage central nervous system and call severe pain or even paralysis.
TO vulnerable points of the head include the nasal bones, brow ridge, lower jaw, ears, eyes, zygomatic arches, temple, occipital part.
Nasal bones located in the area of the junction of the nasal cartilage and the skull, between the eyebrows. A blow to the nasal bones causes profuse bleeding, which makes breathing difficult, also impairs vision and can lead to painful shock. The most dangerous is a blow to the nose from bottom to top with the heel of the palm. It is convenient to use in close combat. With an accurate hit or even a slight blow, the enemy can be killed.
On brow ridge clusters of nerve endings and small blood vessels. When struck in the brow ridge, the vessels burst, causing hemorrhage into the eyes, which impairs vision, and the impact on the nerve endings guarantees a strong pain effect.
Zygomatic arch, located under the eye, is quite fragile and is easily injured by a blow with a fist, which leads to painful shock and loss of vision.
Eyes– the most vulnerable area of the head. The eyes are completely unprotected from mechanical influence. Even slightly touching them leads to long-term vision loss. Therefore, any blows to the eyes or pressure with fingers are extremely effective.
Lower jaw is movable bone formation, and this is where its vulnerability lies, since a blow delivered to this place can cause its displacement with simultaneous rupture of the muscles attached to the fixed part of the skull, as well as crush the bone, which leads to painful shock and loss of consciousness in the enemy. In boxing, this point is known as the knockout area.
Kick in chin may cause the opponent to lose consciousness as a result of a concussion or knocked out lower jaw. As a result of a blow delivered from below, the tongue can be seriously injured.
Palm strike ears leads to damage to the outer ear and, as a result, to deterioration of hearing. The area near the ears contains many blood vessels and nerves, so a blow here causes bleeding and loss of consciousness due to painful shock.
IN temple area The bones of the skull are the thinnest and can be pierced with a relatively weak blow. The consequences of fractures at these points can be fatal.
When the enemy turns around, along with blows to the kidneys, blows to the occipital part . IN in this case the base of the skull is affected, and if the blow is strong enough, then the consequences can be the most severe, but if not so effective attack The enemy is temporarily disorientated and in pain.
Neck is the location of vital blood vessels on the sides, the cervical vertebrae on the back, and the extremely vulnerable “Adam’s apple” in the throat. Strong blows that damage the vertebrae can cause paralysis. Side blows to the neck, performed with the edge of the palm, can cause a sharp disruption of blood circulation in the brain, which, in turn, can lead to loss of consciousness. A precise blow to the throat, in addition to severe pain, causes breathing to stop due to a sharp contraction of the muscles in the throat area.
TO vulnerable points of the lower and upper extremities include the kneecaps, the outer and inner parts of the knee, lower leg, foot, thigh muscles on the legs and elbow joint, hands and fingers.
The most effective attacks are in elbow joint And kneecap of the supporting leg. A blow to these areas causes severe pain and joint stiffness.
Direct blow to the outside knee leads to destruction of the joint due to its unnatural deflection in the other direction and causes severe pain and immobility of the knee. A blow to the inside of the knee damages the ligaments and tendons around the kneecap, causing severe pain and immobility. knee joint. A blow to the kneecap causes its displacement and makes the limb immobile.
The most effective blow in shin is a blow with the outer edge of the foot approximately at the level of one third of the length of the lower leg from below. In this place, the bone is the least protected and thin, which can cause a fracture, and if the blow is not too strong, it can cause very painful sensations.
IN foot The thinnest and most fragile bones of the legs are located. They can easily be destroyed, but the arsenal of attacks on these vulnerable spots is not rich. These are basically downward strikes with the heel or sole of the foot. More often they are applied when the enemy is behind the attacker.
The blow struck thigh muscles, leads to their paralysis as a result of a sharp contraction. In close combat, a knee strike is effective; at medium range, a side kick with the instep of the foot is effective.
The elbow bends, hands and fingers are the objects of attack mainly when performing painful techniques to break joints.
Vulnerable points on the human body, together with other articles in the “” series, will help to reliably form.
It’s hard to say where the excuse “I have a big bone” came from. But you can publish a text about how much the skeleton weighs and how much its weight can vary from person to person. different people.
Dry, fat-free and dehydrated human skeleton(that is, what will remain of you and me in this world) average weighs only about 4 kg for men and about 2.8 kg for women. In percentage terms, the skeleton occupies approximately 6-7% of the body weight of an adult.
Bone density makes adjustments
We all know from the course school curriculum, what is density - so, with the same volumes, the skeletons of different people can have slightly different weights, i.e. Some people will have denser bones, some less. How big a difference can there be and what does it depend on?
Bone mineral density can change with age (including due to osteoporosis), with concomitant diseases, nutrition (decreases with poor nutrition, and vice versa - with sufficient nutrition). Bone density also depends on weight loss or weight gain: scientists have calculated that For every 1 kg of body fat lost, an average of about 16.5 g of bone minerals is lost, in fact, when gaining the same 1 kg of fat, approximately the same amount is restored (Jensen et al., 1994,), against the background of the existing training volume.
Here are the average normal values for bone density, including data for athletes and athletes who are developing adaptation of bone tissue to impact loads, and an approximate calculation of the difference in grams between these values, so that you can clearly understand what the overall value for the total bone/skeletal weight is, has bone mass density.
Data on bone density in adults (173 people, 18-31 years old), different sports: runners (R), cyclists (C), triathletes (TRI), judokas and wrestlers (HA), footballers and handball players and basketball and volleyball players (TS), student athletes, non-sport specialists (STU), and non-training (UT).
Average values for bone mass density in adults are in the region of 1.0 – 1.2 g/cm2. Roughly speaking, this can be translated as +/-10% for different people depending on the factor.These values vary depending on age, gender, race, level and type physical activity, nutritional status, body condition, presence of diseases, etc. But on average, it’s something like this.
Data on skeletal weight and bone density of people of different age groups:
BMC – skeletal weight in grams, BMD – bone density in g/cm2. BF – black women, WF – white women. BM – black men, WM – white men.
Let's take the data from the last table as an example and take the cutoff values: the lowest bone density (in white women, the case of the lowest density is 1.01 g/cm2) and the highest bone density (in a dark-skinned man, the case of the highest density is 1.42 g/cm2). This gives us a difference between the person with the lowest (lightest bones among hundreds of subjects) and the person with the highest bone density (heaviest bones of all) of only about 0.7 kg at an average skeletal weight.
By the way, even growth hormone does not make significant adjustments to bone density. Scientists conducted a controlled 15-year study in which growth hormone injections were given to more than 100 people. Bottom line: over 15 years, the average increase in bone mass was only 14 grams.
Wide but light
Ultimately, what we have is that the total mass of human bones, excluding fat and liquid content, is something like 4-5 kg in adult men and 2-3 kg in adult women.
Within these same boundaries, the mass may fluctuate, depending on the bone mass density, but again this difference will not be so significant, in any case - up to 1 kg, depending on the bone mass density.
By and large, conversations about “ broad bone”, “powerful backbone”, which radically affect the overall weight of a person’s body, “fat power” and genetic predisposition To increased recruitment the weights, in fact, are not entirely comparable with the real state of affairs.
Yes, the difference in height and build certainly gives its own shifts in various indicators of bone mass from person to person, but these indicators do not differ by 5-10 kilograms, but amount to on average no more than 2-3 kg from person to person.
1. Jensen, L.B., F. Quaade, and O.H. Sorensen 1994. Bone loss accompanying voluntary weight loss in obese humans. J. Bone Miner. Res. 9:459–463.
2. “Dear Lyle...”: bone density and training” by Znatok Ne.
3. Trotter M, Hixon BB. Sequential changes in weight, density, and percentage ash weight of human skeletons from an early fetal period through old age. Anat Rec. 1974 May;179(1):1-18.
4. Schuna JM Jr et al. Scaling of adult regional body mass and body composition as a whole to height: Relevance to body shape and body mass index. Am J Hum Biol. 2015 May-Jun;27(3):372-9. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.22653. Epub 2014 Nov 8.
5. Wagner DR, Heyward VH. Measures of body composition in blacks and whites: a comparative review. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jun;71(6):1392-402.
6. Nilsson M, Ohlsson C, Mellström D, Lorentzon M. Sport-specific association between exercise loading and the density, geometry, and microstructure of weight-bearing bone in young adult men. Osteoporos Int. 2013 May;24(5):1613-22. doi:10.1007/s00198-012-2142-3. Epub 2012 Sep 26.
7. Petra Platen et al. Bone Mineral Density in Top Level Male Athletes of Different Sports. European Journal of Sport Science, vol. 1, issue 5, ©2001 by Human Kinetics Publishers and the European College of Sport Science
8. Rothney MP et al. Body composition measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry half-body scans in obese adults. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009 Jun;17(6):1281-6. doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.14. Epub 2009 Feb 19.
9. Tomlinson DJ et al. Obesity decreases both whole muscle and fascicle strength in young females but only exacerbates the aging-related whole muscle level asthenia. Physiol Rep. 2014 Jun 24;2(6). pii: e12030. doi: 10.14814/phy2.12030.
10. Human Body Composition, b.918, Steven Heymsfield, Human Kinetics, 2005, p-291.
11. Elbornsson M1, Götherström G, Bosæus I, Bengtsson BÅ, Johannsson G, Svensson J. Fifteen years of GH replacement increases bone mineral density in hypopituitary patients with adult-onset GH deficiency. Eur J Endocrinol. 2012 May;166(5):787-95. doi: 10.1530/EJE-11-1072. Epub 2012 Feb 8.
12. Locatelli V, Bianchi VE. Effect of GH/IGF-1 on Bone Metabolism and Osteoporsosis. Int J Endocrinol. 2014;2014:235060. doi: 10.1155/2014/235060. Epub 2014 Jul 23
- Each person has an individual number of bones. No academician can answer exactly how many there are in the body. The fact is that some people have “extra” bones - the sixth finger, cervical ribs, and with age, the bones can fuse and become larger. At birth, a baby has more than 300 bones, which allows it to pass through the birth canal more easily. Over the years, small bones grow together, and an adult has more than 200 of them.
- Bones don't white . The natural color of bones has tones of a brown palette from beige to light brown. In a museum you can often find white specimens; this is achieved by cleaning and boiling them.
- Bones are the only hard material in the body. They are stronger than steel, but much lighter. If we were made of steel bones, then the weight of the skeleton would reach 240 kg.
- The longest bone in the body is the femur. It makes up ¼ of a person’s total height and can withstand pressure loads of up to 1500 kg.
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- The femur grows in width. As you gain weight, it thickens, which allows it not to bend or break under the weight of a person.
- The smallest and lightest bones are the auditory ones - anvil, malleus, stirrup.. Each of them weighs only 0.02 g. These are the only bones that do not change their size from birth.
- The strongest bone is the tibia. It is the bones of the legs that hold the record for strength, since they must not only withstand the weight of the owner, but also carry him from place to place. Tibia in compression it can withstand up to 4 thousand kg, while the femoral one can withstand up to 3 thousand kg.
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- The most fragile bones in humans are the ribs.. 5–8 pairs do not have connecting cartilages, so even with a moderate impact they can break.
- The most “bony” part of the body is the hands along with the wrists. It consists of 54 bones, thanks to which a person plays the piano, smartphone, and writes.
- Children don't have kneecaps. In a child under 3 years old, instead of a cup there is soft cartilage, which hardens over time. This process is called ossification.
- An extra rib is a common anomaly in humans.. Every 20th person grows an extra pair. An adult usually has 24 ribs (12 pairs), but sometimes one or more pairs of ribs grow from the base of the neck, which are called cervical ribs. In men, this anomaly occurs 3 times more often than in women. Sometimes it causes health problems.
- Bones are constantly renewed. Bone renewal occurs continuously, so it contains both old and new cells at the same time. On average, a complete update takes 7–10 years. Over the years, the process slows down, which affects the condition of the bones. They become fragile and thin.
- Hyoid bone - autonomous. Each bone is connected to other bones, forming a complete skeleton, except for the hyoid. It has a horseshoe shape and is located between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. Thanks to the hyoid, palatine bones and jaws, a person speaks and chews.
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