Good day, dear readers!
In this article we will look at anemia and everything connected with it. So…
What is anemia?
Anemia (anemia) – special condition, characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood.
Anemia is predominantly not a disease, but a group of clinical and hematological syndromes accompanying various pathological conditions and various independent ones. The exception is iron deficiency anemia, which is primarily caused by a lack of iron in the body.
The most common causes of anemia are bleeding, deficiency of vitamins B9, B12, increased hemolysis, and bone marrow aplasia. Based on this, it can be noted that anemia is mainly observed in women with heavy menstruation, in people who adhere to strict diets, as well as people with chronic diseases such as cancer, hemorrhoids, stomach ulcers and duodenum.
Main symptoms of anemia– increased fatigue, dizziness during physical exertion, tachycardia, pallor of the skin and visible mucous membranes.
The essence of the treatment of anemia and its prevention lies mainly in the additional intake of substances missing in the body that are involved in the synthesis of red blood cells and hemoglobin.
Development of anemia
Before considering the basic mechanisms of anemia, let's briefly look at some terminology associated with this condition.
Erythrocytes (red blood cells)– small elastic cells circulating in the blood, round but at the same time biconcave in shape, the diameter of which is 7-10 microns. The formation of red blood cells occurs in the bone marrow of the spine, skull and ribs, at a rate of about 2.4 million every second. Main function red blood cells - gas exchange, which consists of the delivery of oxygen from the lungs to all other tissues of the body, as well as the reverse transport of carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide - CO2).
Hemoglobin- a complex iron-containing protein found in red blood cells. Hemoglobin, combining with oxygen, is delivered by red blood cells through the blood from the lungs to all other tissues, organs, systems, and after the transfer of oxygen, hemoglobin binds to carbon dioxide (CO2), and transports it back to the lungs. Due to the structural features of hemoglobin, a lack of iron in the body directly disrupts the function of normal supply of oxygen to the body, without which a number of pathological conditions develop.
As you probably already guessed, dear readers, gas exchange is possible only due to the simultaneous involvement of red blood cells and hemoglobin in this process.
Below are the normal levels of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood:
Doctors note the following mechanisms for the development of anemia:
Impaired formation of red blood cells and hemoglobin– develops with a lack of iron, folic acid, vitamin B12 in the body, bone marrow diseases, the absence of part of the stomach, an excess of vitamin C, because ascorbic acid in large doses it blocks the effect of vitamin B12.
Loss of red blood cells and hemoglobin– occurs due to acute bleeding during injuries and operations, heavy menstruation in women, chronic bleeding due to some internal diseases digestive organs (ulcers and others).
Accelerated destruction of red blood cells, whose normal lifespan is from 100 to 120 days, occurs when red blood cells are exposed to hemolytic poisons, lead, vinegar, certain medications (sulfonamides), as well as certain diseases (hemoglobinopathy, lymphocytic leukemia, cancer, cirrhosis of the liver).
Spread of anemia
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), anemia is present in a significant part of the world's population - about 1.8 billion people, most of whom are women, which is due to the characteristics of the female body during the childbearing period.
A particular difficulty with the timely diagnosis and differentiation of anemia is the large number of provoking factors and several mechanisms for the development of anemia.
Anemia - ICD
ICD-10: D50 - D89.
Symptoms of anemia largely depend on the type of anemia, but the main signs are:
- Fatigue, increased drowsiness;
- Decreased mental activity, difficulty concentrating;
- , the appearance of “flies” before the eyes;
- Noise in ears;
- Shortness of breath with little physical activity;
- Attacks, as well as pain in the heart, similar to;
- Presence of functional systolic murmur;
- , visible mucous membranes, nail beds;
- Loss of appetite, decreased sex drive;
- Geophagy – desire to eat chalk;
- Heilosis;
- Irritability.
Next, we consider the specific symptoms of anemia, depending on its type:
Forecast
The prognosis for recovery from anemia is favorable in most cases.
The prognosis is serious for the aplastic form of anemia.
Supplementing with iron, B12 and folic acid is also great preventive method against acute respiratory diseases in children.
Important!
Before using folk remedies for treating anemia, consult your doctor!
Garlic. Pour 300 g of purified alcohol squeezed through a garlic press into 1 liter of alcohol. Place the product in a dark place to infuse for 3 weeks. accept it folk remedy for anemia you need 1 teaspoon, 3 times a day.
Vegetable juice. Mix 100 ml of carrot, beet and black radish juice, pour the mixture into a clay vessel and place it in a slightly preheated oven for 1 hour. You need to drink 2 tbsp of prepared stewed juice. spoons 3 times a day, 20 minutes before meals, for 2-3 months.
Juice. Mix together 200 ml of pomegranate juice, 100 ml of juice from carrots and apples, as well as 70 g of honey. Juices must be freshly squeezed. You need to take 2 tbsp. spoons, 3 times a day, slightly warmed. The mixture must be stored in a sealed container in the refrigerator.
Diet. Eating foods rich in iron, vitamins B9 and B12 is also an excellent remedy for the treatment of anemia, of which we can highlight - pistachios, walnuts, seaweed, pomegranate, pears, apples, beets, carrots, tomatoes, herbs, buckwheat and cereal porridge .
Prevention of anemia includes compliance with the following recommendations:
Anemia - video
Many people face various diseases of the blood system. Among them, the most common diagnosis is anemia. Every person should know what types of this insidious disease there are, for what reasons it occurs and how it manifests itself, so as not to trigger the disease, and at the first symptom, contact a qualified specialist for help.
Anemia is a disorder in the human body in which the number of red blood cells and the level of hemoglobin in the blood decreases. People are accustomed to calling this disease “anemia,” but this name does not quite coincide with reality. If there is not enough iron in the blood, then the body lacks the substrate that is necessary to create red blood cells.
Iron is one of the components of hemoglobin. Heme is a substrate required by red blood cells to bind and transport oxygen throughout the body. Anemia provokes the formation of hypoxia in peripheral cells and the brain.
Causes
There are a fairly large number of reasons why anemia can develop. This disease occurs on its own very rarely. It mainly occurs due to dysfunction of internal organs, which negatively affects the composition of the blood.
The main causes of the disease include:
- Wrong diet. If a person’s diet includes a small amount or no products such as meat, liver, eggs, sea or river fish, spinach, beans, prunes, beets. Thus, the body does not receive important useful material and, as a rule, the level of hemoglobin in the blood decreases;
- Pregnancy and lactation. This is due to the fact that the child takes all microelements from the mother’s body. Therefore, it is very important to replenish losses by consuming iron-containing foods and special vitamins;
- Loss of blood in large quantities. This happens with various bleedings (hemorrhoids, nasal, uterine, kidney, stomach);
- Chronic diseases. Pyelonephritis, cancer, tuberculosis, pneumonia and other diseases that lead to severe depletion of the body, as a result of which the hemoglobin level decreases and anemia forms;
- Poisoning. Anemia can occur if red blood cells are destroyed excessively. Basically, this phenomenon is caused by a hereditary factor, but its appearance can also provoke toxic poisoning. The cause of poisoning may be copper compounds, snake or bee venom, arsenic and lead;
- Gastritis. This disease contributes to a decrease in acidity. Digestion of foods becomes worse, which leads to insufficient supply of microelements to the human body;
- Various diets. In an effort to lose extra pounds, people limit their intake to 1000 calories per day. The body receives a small amount of iron, about 6 mg, and the daily norm is at least 15 mg;
- Failure to absorb vitamin B12 and iron by the body. This happens due to Crohn's disease, HIV infection, surgical removal stomach, intestinal infection.
The body absorbs iron differently. If you eat foods of animal origin, the absorption of iron will be approximately 10-15%, and when eating foods of plant origin - only 1%.
Types of anemia
Anemia can appear for completely different reasons, so in medicine this disease is divided according to accompanying symptoms, severity and pathogenesis. Let's take a closer look at each type.
The human body contains approximately 4–5 g of iron, more than half of which is contained in the hemoglobin component. The body is designed in such a way that it can store iron in organs such as the liver, spleen and Bone marrow. Physiological loss of iron occurs daily; it is released naturally with urine, feces, sweat, menstruation. Therefore, a person’s menu must include foods that contain large amounts of iron. 
Iron deficiency anemia occurs due to the fact that there is a small amount of iron in the body. Premature babies, infants in the first months after birth and pregnant women are most susceptible to this phenomenon. In addition, the disease can develop due to chronic blood loss and intestinal absorption disorders.
In these circumstances, a person experiences shortness of breath, headaches, tinnitus, constant fatigue, tachycardia, and drowsiness. and pale, hairline and nails become brittle, a need arises to consume chalk or inhale the smell of wet concrete.
When taking the test, as a result, you can see a reduced number of hemoglobin and red cells, a decrease in volume or an absolute absence of reticulocytes. In addition, the accumulation serum iron becomes smaller, and the red cells - red blood cells - begin to deform.
Aplastic anemia is a blood pathology transmitted to a child from parents, or acquired by a person for one reason or another. It affects bone marrow stem cells, which greatly inhibits hematopoiesis (the process of formation, development and maturation of blood cells). This type of disease is the most severe form of hematopoietic disorder, which requires long-term and serious therapy. Mortality is recorded in 80% of cases.
Comparison of normal bone marrow and changes in it in aplastic anemia under a microscope. 
Fortunately, this form of the disease occurs in only 5 people out of 1,000,000 people, but its insidiousness lies in the fact that, as a rule, children and young people are exposed to it.
Often, this disease is associated with a side effect from treatment with certain drugs. medicines. Its appearance is not related to either the dosage or the duration of treatment. Such drugs that can disrupt the hematopoiesis of the bone marrow include: antihistamines, sulfonamides, tetracycline antibiotics and gold preparations.
This pathology can be provoked by ionizing radiation, which is used in x-ray studies. Those most at risk are clinic workers who perform X-rays on patients and people treated with radio wave therapy.
In addition, the disease can arise due to toxic substances found in drugs used to treat oncological pathologies. The culprits may also be autoimmune diseases, because the immune system directs efforts to eliminate both pathogenic agents and its own bone marrow cells.
People experiencing aplastic anemia feel general weakness, unreasonable fatigue, bleeding gums, intense and prolonged menstruation. It may also be observed nose bleed, fever, pallor skin, lowering blood pressure.
Folate deficiency anemia
Folic acid is a vital substance that the body needs for normal functioning. It penetrates into it through the consumption of certain products of plant and animal origin. This acid accumulates in the human body, and if it is less than the required norm, folate deficiency anemia occurs.
Basically, this type of anemia is formed due to various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, since at the time of their exacerbation, beneficial substances are less absorbed by the small intestine. This phenomenon damages the lining of the small intestine and, as a result, the absorption of important substances may completely stop.
The symptoms of the disease are very general, which makes it very difficult to establish accurate diagnosis, especially if this type of anemia occurs in mild form. Patients often experience general weakness, unreasonable fatigue, rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, dizziness and tinnitus.
If such a disease is detected in a patient, the attending doctor, before starting drug therapy, will necessarily recommend reviewing his menu and making adjustments to it. In particular, add food containing folic acid to it. These include greens, carrots, bran bread, grapefruits, eggs, honey, liver. Very often, after adjusting the diet, it is possible to overcome the disease without taking various medications.
Sickle cell anemia
This pathology occurs when the structure of the hemoglobin protein is disrupted. It is characterized by the acquisition of an unusual crystalline structure - hemoglobin S. Red blood cells that have such a changed substance have a sickle shape, as a result of which, this pathology called sickle cell anemia. 
Red blood cells with hemoglobin S are less stable and perform their transport function much more slowly. This stimulates increased damage to red blood cells, which significantly shortens their life cycle. Hemolysis also increases, and symptoms of chronic hypoxia appear.
This disease is inherited. Patients with heterozygous genetics, in addition to sickle-shaped bodies carrying hemoglobin S, also have normal red blood cells in the blood system, with hemoglobin A. Under such circumstances, the disease is little expressed, passes in a milder form, and often has no symptoms at all. But people with homozygous genetics have exclusively sickle-shaped bodies with hemoglobin S, then the disease is much more severe.
Such anemia is accompanied by jaundice, hemolytic crises due to oxygen deficiency, swelling of the extremities, purulent wounds on the legs, blurred vision, enlarged spleen.
Posthemorrhagic anemia
In medicine, this disease is distinguished into two types - acute and chronic. Acute form formed as a result of intense and massive blood loss, when chronic is characterized by blood loss long period in small quantities.
Posthemorrhagic anemia is caused by excessive blood loss due to various injuries, surgical procedures, internal bleeding. In patients experiencing posthemorrhagic anemia, the pulse quickens, body temperature decreases, cold sweat appears, regular dizziness with loss of consciousness occurs, and blood pressure drops.
The severity of the symptoms of the disease is not always related to the amount of blood lost. In some cases, blood pressure may decrease due to a response to pain syndrome from an injury that caused bleeding. And general state The patient's condition directly depends not only on the amount of blood lost, but also on the rate of bleeding.
When a person loses more than 500 ml of blood, his condition is considered serious and dangerous to health. Against the background of large blood loss occurs vascular insufficiency and oxygen starvation, as the body loses a significant amount of red blood cells. If measures are not taken in a timely manner, the disease can be fatal.
Diamond-Blackfan anemia
In Diamond-Blackfan anemia, the functioning of the bone marrow is impaired. Its main purpose is to produce new blood cells. This type The disease prevents the brain from producing the required volume of blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body. As a result, a deficiency of red cells is formed, which manifests itself in babies during the first months of life.
About 50% of patients with this disease experience physical abnormalities:
- eyes set wide apart;
- drooping eyelids;
- wide, flat bridge of the nose;
- small, low-set ears;
- small lower jaw;
- hole in the sky.
In addition to these abnormalities, they experience visual impairment, abnormal functioning of the kidneys and heart, and dilatation of the urethra in men.
A child born with Diamond-Blackfan anemia.
This syndrome is mainly treated with blood transfusions and corticosteroids. In this case, courses of treatment should be short with systematic breaks, in order to avoid the child becoming accustomed to hormones. Once adolescence ends, the need for corticosteroids disappears and hemoglobin levels return to normal.
In medicine, anemia is distinguished into three stages of severity. To establish it, the patient needs to take a blood test.
Why is anemia dangerous?
If anemia is not identified in a timely manner and measures to eliminate it are not taken, then it can greatly harm a person’s health. Any type of anemia increases the risk of oxygen starvation of internal organs, since they are deprived of a sufficient amount of not only oxygen, but also nutrients.
The most serious complication that anemia can lead to is hypoxic coma, which leads to death in more than half of the cases. In addition, a person with anemia is at risk of developing cardiovascular pathologies and respiratory failure. Women experience irregularities in their menstrual cycle, and children experience inattention, irritability and frequent illness.
Symptoms of anemia
The symptoms of anemia directly depend on the type of disease, stage and causes of the disease. But there are still general symptoms that are characteristic of all types of anemia. You should carefully monitor your condition and immediately make an appointment with a doctor if the following signs are noticed:
- The blush disappeared from the face or became less noticeable. This can occur at the very beginning of the development of the disease;
- Paleness of the skin and mucous membranes;
- The skin became too dry, flabby and peeling appeared. This applies not only to the skin of the hands, which is often attributed to the influence of external factors;
- Cracks began to appear in the corners of the mouth, which did not heal for more than 7 days;
- Towards evening, the legs and face swell after habitual exercise;
- The structure of the nail plate changed, the nails began to break, and;
- The hair became dry, began to break and fall out (we discussed the fact that anemia is one of the causes of severe hair loss in this article);
- Regular attacks of causeless headaches appeared;
- Feeling constant fatigue, general malaise, loss of strength;
- I began to feel dizzy even at rest.
Anemia during pregnancy
A growing child in the mother’s belly is not able to breathe and feed on its own; therefore, it takes all the useful elements required for its development from the female body.
Under normal circumstances, female body produces a large number of red blood cells. In order for oxygen to bind, it needs an additional supply of iron, which makes up hemoglobin. If a small amount of iron is ingested through the foods consumed, the production of red blood cells slows down significantly, which cannot affect the health of both mother and baby.
The disease often makes itself felt in the second trimester of pregnancy. This is due to the fact that it is during this period that the need for iron increases significantly for normal development fetus If a woman does not take measures to eliminate anemia, she runs the risk of giving birth ahead of schedule, and during delivery there may be heavy bleeding, since this disease leads to impaired blood clotting.
For a child, this condition is dangerous due to intrauterine growth retardation, because he will not have enough oxygen and useful elements. In addition to all this, this disease greatly affects the well-being of a pregnant woman. Problems may also arise with lactation, since anemia significantly reduces the production of breast milk.
Scientists have found that during pregnancy and lactation, a woman’s body loses about 900 mg of iron. It takes a long time for its reserves to be restored.
Diagnostics
When a patient comes to see a doctor, he first finds out what is bothering the person, how long the symptoms have been manifesting, and what measures have been taken to alleviate the condition. Then, when the anamnesis is completely collected, the patient is sent for a number of additional procedures:
- General blood analysis. This mandatory analysis, which is carried out at every visit to the doctor. Under such circumstances, it is needed to determine the volume of hemoglobin in the blood system;
- Complete blood test. It is carried out to determine the color indicator, which indicates how much hemoglobin is present in the red blood cell. This study allows you to understand how the bone marrow functions;
- Blood chemistry. The amount of iron and various fractions of bilirubin is determined from the blood that is donated from a vein.
When a specialist receives the results of all studies, he refutes or confirms the diagnosis, determines its type, degree, cause, and prescribes the necessary treatment.
In the video you can see in more detail how the above studies are carried out.
Treatment of anemia
To achieve the desired effect, treatment must include complex therapy. If the disease is in its early stages, then taking medications is not necessary. It is enough to add foods high in iron, proteins and other useful substances to your menu.
The doctor prescribes medications after determining the type of anemia, the stage of its progression and the reasons that led to this disease. First of all, you need to direct all efforts to eliminate the cause, very often after it disappears, the hemoglobin level returns to normal without additional medications.
If the doctor decides that medications are necessary, then drugs that stimulate the bone marrow are prescribed. short time restore the amount of hemoglobin and the volume of red blood cells in the blood system. These are medications with a high iron content (Fenuls, Totetema, Sorbifer, Actiferrin) and vitamin preparations (vitamin B12, folic acid, B vitamin complexes).
Folk remedies in the fight against anemia
Pharmacies provide a huge variety medications to combat anemia. But some people prefer traditional medicine. The main rule of such treatment is strict adherence to the recipe and dosage. After 30 days, it is recommended to take a blood test, and if hemoglobin has not yet fully recovered, then continue treatment.
Let's look at the basic recipes of traditional medicine:
- Vegetable cocktail. Carrots, black radishes and beets are washed, peeled, grated on a fine grater and squeezed to extract juice. The resulting liquid is mixed in equal doses, poured into a saucepan and placed in the oven for 3 hours. Take a tablespoon daily for adults and a teaspoon for children.
- Wormwood. An effective remedy in the fight against anemia, but its disadvantage is that it is prohibited for children and pregnant women. To prepare it, take 100 g of wormwood and mix it with 1 liter of vodka. Leave for 3 weeks to infuse, take 5 drops on an empty stomach.
- Medicinal cocktail. To get rid of iron deficiency anemia, take a pomegranate, apple, carrot and lemon, squeeze the juice out of them and mix in a ratio of 2:1:1:1. 70 g of honey is added to the resulting liquid and placed in the refrigerator for 48 hours. Drink 2 spoons three times a day.
- Rose hip. 1 spoon of berries is poured into 250 ml of boiling water and infused for 8 hours. Drink three times a day as tea.
- Berry therapy. Blackcurrant, strawberry and rowan juice are mixed in equal doses. Take 125 ml twice a day.
Before starting such therapy, you should definitely consult with your doctor in order to avoid unpredictable consequences.
Prevention of anemia
Anemia, like any other disease, is easier to prevent than to treat; for this you need:
- eat a healthy and balanced diet, eat foods rich in iron and other beneficial substances;
- promptly treat acute and chronic diseases gastrointestinal tract;
- systematically visit medical sanatoriums;
- stop smoking and drinking alcohol;
- get rid of extra pounds;
- avoid harmful working conditions.
Adhering to such simple rules, you can avoid not only the occurrence of anemia, but also many other diseases.
The first thing you need to do if you notice at least one of the above symptoms is to visit a doctor and get tested necessary tests. It should be remembered that anemia, like any disease, is much easier and faster to cure at the initial stage of development. Take care of your health.
How dangerous is anemia and what are its consequences? This is a question asked by many people who are faced with pale skin and weakness. is a common disease that, at first glance, does not pose any danger. In fact, with anemia, death is also possible. Therefore, it is necessary to promptly pay attention to the symptoms of the disease and identify the cause.
Why is anemia dangerous?
The blood fluid of the human body contains platelets, leukocytes and red blood cells that perform specific functions. Anemia is characterized by pathological disorders in blood cells cells (red blood cells), which in turn consist of an important substance - hemoglobin. It gives not only the red color, but is also responsible for gas exchange (saturates internal organs with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide). With a lack of hemoglobin, anemia develops. Hemoglobin contains iron and protein parts, and if they are deficient, the substance is not produced in sufficient quantities. Thus, the whole danger lies in a decrease in the level of red blood cells, which leads to the development of diseases of many body systems.Anemia is more related to female disease, since in men it manifests itself only in 10 cases out of 100. Based on statistical data, every fourth inhabitant of the globe suffers from anemia. This is especially true for pregnant women.
The “Live Healthy” program examines in detail the reasons for low hemoglobin levels and offers 3 interesting tests. You can see this in the presented video.
If anemia is not detected and treated in a timely manner, irreversible processes occur that lead to serious pathological diseases. This is facilitated by a decrease in hemoglobin levels, which weakens the immune system, that is, it loses protective functions body. And this leads to frequent infection with viruses, bacteria and other harmful microorganisms.
At the same time, the body launches compensatory functions, which enhances the work of the heart and circulatory system. Frequent contractions of the heart muscle lead to tissue wear, which causes heart failure. Against the background of a weakened body, the patient becomes overly irritable, an imbalance in the psycho-emotional background is detected, and pathologies of a neurological nature develop. In addition, concentration and memory are impaired, the sense of smell and taste changes, the structure of the skin and all mucous membranes is deformed.
Possible complications:
- decreased immunity and, as a result, frequent morbidity;
- increased heart rate leads to heavy stress, resulting in the development of diseases of the cardiovascular system;
- during pregnancy there is a risk of miscarriage, and the fetus stops developing;
- in childhood, growth and mental development stops;
- pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, visual apparatus, and respiratory system develop;
- hypoxic coma occurs, which can be fatal. More details about anemic coma - this is one of the types of hypoxic coma.
Consequences of grade 3 anemia
Anemia has three main degrees of severity. The 3rd is considered the heaviest. In a healthy person, the hemoglobin level should be 120-180 g/l, with grade 3 - only 70 g/l. And this condition is already life-threatening for the patient, since the functionality of almost all body systems is disrupted. Most severe consequences for grade 3 anemia:- cardiogenic shock;
- acute renal failure;
- blood loss;
- heart failure and subsequent stroke, heart attack, etc.
With advanced stage 3 anemia, there is a high risk of death, so it is important to contact the clinic at the slightest suspicion of anemia for examination and identification of pathology.
Consequences of anemia for women
The consequences of anemia in women are associated with organs that are considered sensitive to oxygen deprivation. So, the following occurs:- Digestive disorders and damage to the mucous organs of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Deterioration of the excretory and detoxifying properties of the renal system and liver.
- Pathological changes in the central nervous system, heart, blood vessels.
- The woman's reproductive system is affected and genitourinary system against the background of frequent infection.
- The condition is getting worse hair follicles, nail plate.
- The structure of the mucous membranes and teeth changes.
- Skin diseases appear.
Causes of anemia
In medicine, there are only 3 main reasons for the development of anemia - the loss of a large amount of blood, the rapid breakdown of red blood cells (hemolysis) and a decrease in the production of blood cells. However, there are factors that influence the causes of occurrence:1. Genetic abnormalities:
- disturbances in the production of congenital red blood cells;
- abnormal structure of cells (erythrocytes);
- spherocytosis;
- Bassen-Kronzweig syndrome;
- enzymatic abnormalities.
- frequent strict diets;
- lack of a balanced diet, which leads to a deficiency of vitamin C, B, microelements (iron, folic acid, etc.).
- pathologies of the renal and cardiovascular systems;
- liver diseases;
- disorders in the autoimmune apparatus;
- neoplasms of benign and malignant nature.
- hepatitis virus;
- malarial pathogenic microorganisms;
- cytomegalovirus;
- toxoplasmosis;
- obstructive bronchitis;
- tuberculosis bacillus.
Another important factor leading to the development of anemia is intoxication of the body (through pesticides and medications) and injury (burn, frostbite, fractures).
General symptoms of anemia for any age and gender:
- pallor of the skin and lips, further cyanosis;
- weakness and fast fatiguability;
- shortness of breath with little physical activity;
- cramps and numbness in the limbs;
- brittleness and splitting of nails, hair loss;
- plaque and cracks in the corners of the lips;
- trembling of the limbs and changes in taste and smell;
- pain in the gastrointestinal tract;
- dryness and cracking of the skin (particularly on the legs and arms).
In adults and in old age:
- dizziness, fainting, loss of consciousness;
- sensations of tinnitus, headache and insomnia;
- breach or termination menstrual cycle among women;
- weakening of potency in men;
- aversion to food, resulting in anorexia;
- increased angina pectoris, dementia.
- loss of interest in studying, as concentration decreases and memory deteriorates;
- lethargy in games;
- increased bleeding in the gums;
- retarded physical and mental development;
- disproportionality appearance.
Anemia in newborns and adolescents
Anemia is also observed in newborn children. This is due, first of all, to the presence of anemia in the mother. This often happens when you neglect your own health during pregnancy. The disease is usually diagnosed immediately after birth. If not treated in a timely manner, the disease develops into severe childhood anemia. There are features of childhood anemia. The child begins to intensively chew paper (most often with a stamp), chalk, sand and even earth. In addition, children prefer specific smells. For example, paints, acetone, glue and the like.For children and adolescence characterized by depression of the heart and blood vessels, which is manifested by irregular breathing, rapid heartbeat, and changes in blood pressure. Metabolism in all tissues and cells is disrupted, the child suffers from jaundice and frequent colds.
Learn about the features of anemia in childhood from this video in Dr. Komarovsky’s program.
Anemia in pregnant women
During pregnancy, a woman’s body requires more vitamins and minerals, since beneficial substances are supplied not only to her internal systems, but also to the fruit. Therefore, almost all pregnant women suffer from. If this is the 1st degree (mild), then it will be enough to follow a certain diet, which includes a number of necessary substances. But with more severe forms drug therapy will be required, which may negatively affect the development of the unborn child. Read more about anemia during pregnancy -.The peculiarity is that in a mild form of anemia, only the mother’s body suffers, since all the nutrients in the required quantity are supplied to the child.
During pregnancy, the following unpleasant consequences may occur:
- varicose veins and thrombosis;
- threat of miscarriage and bleeding;
- harm to the unborn child: anemia, mental and physical underdevelopment, lack of immunity, frequent morbidity after birth.
