In any country, the Ministry of Health has approved its own vaccination schedule for the population. National calendar vaccinations in Russia was finalized in 2014 and includes mandatory vaccinations for the population of any age. Minor changes have been made to the document. The regional Ministry of Health is developing the approved calendar to suit its own characteristics. This is due to epidemiological features each region, material capabilities. Let's look at what vaccines our vaccination schedule includes.
Changes and innovations
At the end of 2014, the newest national calendar was adopted in Russia preventive vaccinations. Changes have been made to it:
- Babies from 2 months of age will receive a preventive vaccination against pneumococcal infection. The injection will be given twice.
- Flu vaccinations are required for pregnant women. Previously, pregnant women were not vaccinated against seasonal viruses.
- Before a preventive vaccination, the doctor must conduct an informational conversation and explain to the patient why this or that vaccination is needed. If the patient writes a refusal, he must be informed what consequences await him after infection. Previously, the doctor did not concentrate his attention and did not explain to the patient what complications may arise after vaccination and what the contraindications are.
- According to the principles of the Public Health Law, consent and refusal of preventive vaccination must be documented. Consent or refusal for minors is signed by their parents or guardians.
- Before any vaccination, the patient must receive a complete medical checkup. Previously, they simply asked the patient if there were any complaints, today the doctor is obliged to listen to the patient, examine skin covering, nasopharyngeal mucosa, listen to breathing.
- Medical workers in educational institutions are required to notify parents 6–7 days before vaccinating their children. Parents now have time to prepare their baby.
If one of the conditions before the preventive vaccination was not met, the doctor’s actions are considered illegal.
In small provinces, the transition to new rules is difficult. Doctors are used to working differently and do not always talk to the patient. On the other hand, a doctor can spend no more than 7 minutes examining 1 patient on a first-come, first-served basis. What can you tell us during this time? And there is no need to talk about quality inspection once again.
What vaccinations are included in the calendar
The new vaccination schedule includes vaccinations against diseases: Hepatitis B, Pneumococcal infection, Measles, Diphtheria, Whooping cough, Tetanus, Poliomyelitis, Haemophilus influenzae, Rubella.
Vaccinations are the infection of the body in a weak form, artificially obtained, dead or living bacteria or viruses. It takes place once or in several injections, at a certain interval.
So, Hepatitis B is vaccinated according to two schemes. The first is assigned to children from the regular group (0/1/6), the second from high risk infections (0/1/2/12).
Revaccination is the support of the immunity that developed after the first vaccination.
Let's consider the stages of vaccination and revaccination according to the national calendar in the form of a table:
| Age group | Name of disease for vaccination | Stage | Features of injection |
|---|---|---|---|
| Children the first day after birth | Hepatitis B | first vaccination | The vaccine for injection can be used from any manufacturer, without preservatives, and is given to all children, including those at risk. |
| Children aged 3–7 days | Tuberculosis | vaccination | carried out in regions where the epidemic threshold is above 80 thousand, is mandatory for children at risk (when there are infected people in the family or the mother has not been vaccinated). |
| 1 month | Hepatitis B | second vaccination | everyone, including risk groups; |
| The vaccine is the same as for the first injection. | |||
| 2 months | Hepatitis B | third vaccination | for children at risk. |
| 3 months | Pneumococcal infection | first | any kids |
| Complex (diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus) | first | _ | |
| Polio | first | any kids; | |
| using non-living bacteria. | |||
| Haemophilus influenzae infection | first | children at risk: those infected with HIV, those with weakened immune systems, cancer patients. Everyone from the baby house, without exception. | |
| 4.5 months | Whooping cough, Diphtheria, Tetanus | second | any kids |
| Polio | second | all children; | |
| only dead bacteria. | |||
| Pneumococcus | second | to all children | |
| Haemophilus influenzae infection | second | children at risk | |
| Six months | Whooping cough, Tetanus, Diphtheria | third | _ |
| Polio | third | a child with a weakened immune system, from parents with HIV, living in infant homes; | |
| carried out by living bacteria. | |||
| Hepatitis B | third | _ | |
| Haemophilus influenzae infection | third | for babies at risk | |
| Year | Mumps, Measles, Rubella | vaccination | _ |
| Hepatitis B | fourth | babies from families at high risk of getting sick | |
| Year and 3 months | Measles, Mumps, Rubella | revaccination | any children |
| One and half year | Whooping cough, Tetanus, Diphtheria | revaccination | _ |
| Polio | revaccination first | everyone, with the help of living bacteria | |
| Haemophilus influenzae infection | revaccination | children at risk | |
| Year and 8 months | Polio | revaccination second | everyone; |
| using live bacteria | |||
| 6 years | Rubella, Measles, Mumps | revaccination | _ |
| 6–7 years | Tetanus, Diphtheria | revaccination second | a vaccine with fewer antigens. |
| Tuberculosis (BCG) | revaccination | everyone; | |
| a drug for prevention | |||
| 14 years | Tetanus, Diphtheria | revaccination third | a vaccine with less antigen. |
| Polio | revaccination third | any teenager; | |
| live bacterium | |||
| Over 18 years old | Tetanus, Diphtheria | revaccination | repeat every 10 years. |
| From 18 to 25 | Rubella | vaccination | to the population who were not vaccinated or were, but once. |
| From 18 to 55 | Hepatitis B | vaccination | once every 10 years. |
The population from 18 to 35 years old is also vaccinated against Measles. The interval between injections is maximum 2 months. The group includes those who have not been previously vaccinated or have not been vaccinated again. This also includes people at risk.
The vaccination schedule includes a flu vaccine. It is mandatory for pregnant women, school students, children in kindergartens, and the working part of the population in the public service. Private entrepreneurs can purchase the vaccine separately for their employees.
The calendar includes additional vaccinations, which are prescribed in regions with low epidemic rates, for people with professional activity from the risk group. These include: herpes zoster, tick-borne encephalitis. But anyone who wants can get these vaccinations at a clinic at their place of residence. But, it is worth understanding that in order to develop immunity to tick-borne encephalitis, you need to carry out vaccinations of three injections. The disease becomes active from April to July. All three injections must be given before the beginning of summer. The interval between them is no more than 1 month. More details in the video:
631528
bookmark
To favorites
To add to favorites, log in or register.
To support, log in or register.
Gleb Kulikov 10/08/2012 at 14:46
General doctor
Many vaccines are not included in the Russian national vaccination calendar. Why are they needed and who are they shown to?
The national vaccination calendar provides not only that the vaccines included in it must be given to everyone, but also guarantees from the state that every citizen can receive them for free. In addition, there are many vaccines that are used when indicated. Let's consider those that are most often used in children.
Chickenpox
In Russia, it is traditionally believed that you have to get chickenpox in childhood. This happens to the vast majority of children, because the contagiousness of this disease reaches one hundred percent. But few people know that after recovery, the chickenpox virus does not disappear from the body, but remains dormant in the nerve roots spinal cord. 
Subsequently, in many people, the dormant virus is activated when immunity decreases and causes a very unpleasant painful disease known as “shingles.”
In most cases, chickenpox in children is mild. The mortality rate from it in people aged 1 to 14 years does not exceed two cases per hundred thousand cases. But adults suffer more, the mortality rate among them already reaches 6/100,000, and the number of complications and severity of the disease is much higher. In newborns, chickenpox is especially severe, the mortality rate reaches 30% and the risk of complications is high.
Complications of chickenpox can include viral pneumonia, encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) and, more often, bacterial infections skin that appears at the site of scratched blisters.
Chickenpox is also dangerous for pregnant women - the virus can cause miscarriage and complications for the fetus. With a 1–2% chance that if the mother is infected in the first trimester, the child may be born with shortened fingers, congenital cataracts, an underdeveloped brain and other problems. It is also possible to develop intrauterine infection chickenpox virus, and the baby may develop signs of “shingles” after birth.
Chickenpox is especially dangerous among people with severely reduced immunity. These include: HIV carriers, children with blood diseases (leukemia, leukemia), children and adults after a course of anti-cancer chemotherapy, people with a removed spleen.
These are all the reasons why chicken pox They are already being vaccinated in many countries, including the USA and Europe. Based on this, it is advisable for the following people to be vaccinated against chickenpox:
Children of families in which the parents are planning the next pregnancy, provided that the mother did not have chickenpox in childhood;
For women planning pregnancy and who have not had chickenpox, 3 months before the expected date of conception;
In families where there are patients after chemotherapy or HIV carriers;
People who have not had chickenpox and are in contact with patients of the listed groups;
All adults who did not have chickenpox in childhood;
For emergency prevention of chickenpox after contact with a sick person: the vaccine administered within 72 hours can prevent the development of the disease.
Two vaccines are registered in Russia: Okavax and Varilrix. Age of use: from 1 year. For children from 1 to 13 years old, one dose of the vaccine is enough; for adults, to achieve lasting immunity, it is advisable to administer two doses with an interval of 6–10 weeks.
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infection
This infection is caused by the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae type b. It is quite widespread among people and only in some cases causes disease. Newborns are primarily susceptible to infection; children over 5 years of age and adults do not develop the disease.
Haemophilus influenzae is transmitted from person to person by airborne droplets. This is one of the causes of meningitis in young children, with a mortality rate of 3–6%. Those who recover often experience permanent brain and nerve damage. Another dangerous option development of hemophilus influenzae infection - epiglottitis - swelling of the larynx, leading to suffocation.
The development of vaccination against hemophilus influenzae in the early 90s made it possible to reduce the incidence and frequency of complications several times. The recommended age for first vaccination is 2 months.
Several vaccines against hemophilus influenzae are registered in Russia: Act-Hib, Hiberix, and it is also part of combination vaccines Pentaxim and Infanrix-hexa.
Meningococcal infection
Meningococcus is one of the main causative agents of epidemic meningitis in children and adults. The disease is transmitted by airborne droplets. The meningococcal vaccine is not included in the national calendar, but it is necessary in the event of an epidemic or in contact with a sick person to prevent secondary cases. If a child gets sick in a kindergarten, school or at a neighbor’s entrance meningococcal meningitis, then it is advisable to use this vaccine for prevention.
The vaccine will also be useful for those people who travel to hot countries, especially Africa and India. Meningococcus occurs quite often there and the likelihood of getting sick is much higher than at home.
One vaccine is registered in Russia: Meningo A+S. It is suitable for children over 18 months and adults. Repeated vaccination is not required, immunity is formed after 5 days and reaches a maximum by 10 days. Immunity lasts about 3 years.
Pneumococcus
Pneumococcus is a nonspecific bacteria that can cause the most various diseases. Among them, the most common are pneumococcal pneumonia, bronchitis, acute otitis media(ear inflammation) and meningitis. This bacterium can live in the human nasopharynx without causing any symptoms, and only manifests itself when the immune system is weakened. The percentage of pneumococcal carriers in groups can reach up to 70%.
In young children, pneumococcus is especially likely to cause otitis media. Almost all children under the age of 5 experience this disease at least once; it is a common cause of hearing loss.
Vaccination against pneumococcus is not indicated for everyone, but only for people at risk, which include seriously ill and frequently ill children. Vaccination can reduce the incidence of acute respiratory infections by 2 times and reduce the number of pneumonia by 6 times.
One vaccine is registered in Russia: Pneumo-23. It is intended for children from 2 years of age and adults, the course consists of one vaccine. Duration of immunity is 3–5 years.
Human papillomavirus
Human papillomavirus is one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses. There are about 40 types of it. Most cause no symptoms and go away on their own, but some can cause genital warts. But most importantly, certain types of viruses have been proven to cause cervical cancer.
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer death among women worldwide. It can take ten or more years from the moment of infection with the virus to the first manifestations. The main route of transmission is through sexual contact. If the mother is infected with the virus, she can pass it on to the child during childbirth, and then the newborn develops condylomas of the upper respiratory tract. There is no cure for human papillomavirus infection. However, it can be effectively prevented through vaccination.
The HPV vaccine has long been used in many countries, including the United States and some European countries. It contains an inactivated (weakened) virus, which by itself cannot cause the disease. The 4 most widespread types of the virus were selected for the vaccine, two of which are responsible for 70% of cervical cancer cases, and the other two for 90% of genital warts. It is assumed that protective immunity must last a lifetime.
Thus, the vaccine theoretically protects against cervical cancer with a probability of about 70%. Therefore, vaccination does not cancel preventive examinations gynecologist and screening tests for cancer, since the possibility still remains. It is the mass and “population” of vaccinations that will help prevent the majority (70% or more) of cases of cervical cancer.
For maximum effectiveness of the vaccine, it must be administered to girls before their first sexual contact, that is, before the first possible encounter with the virus. If the vaccine is given after infection with the virus, it will be ineffective against that type, but effective against types that the body has not yet encountered. This is why doctors recommend starting vaccinations at 11 years of age or earlier. After the age of 26 years, the vaccine is not used for universal immunization.
Two vaccines are registered in Russia:
"Gardasil" - contains components against four types of virus: 6, 11 (condylomas), 16 and 18 (cancer).
"Cervarix" - contains components against two types of viruses responsible for the development of cancer: 16 and 18.
To develop lasting immunity, you must complete a course of three intramuscular injections: on the first day, after two months and after 6 months. A shortened course is possible: repeated doses are administered after 1 and 3 months. If the third dose is missed, it can be given without loss of effectiveness for up to a year after the first.
What to choose?
What vaccines are suitable and necessary for you and your child personally? Your doctor will help you figure this out. One thing is clear: you should not neglect the opportunity to prevent the disease, because complications of childhood diseases can manifest themselves and be reflected in the future. On the other hand, for consultation it is best to choose a competent specialist who has relevant knowledge from the experience of world medicine.
WITH additional information can be found, for example, here:
CDC Immunization Center
Childhood Vaccination Center on WebMD
A large number of bacterial and viral diseases forces the active use of preventive measures, that is, actions aimed at preventing the occurrence of these diseases. One of the most common ways to prevent infectious diseases is vaccinations. They are an effective measure to prevent diseases (diseases) caused by bacterial and some viral infections(pathogens).
The Russian calendar is one of the best in the world
The Russian government cares about the health of its citizens, which is why the fundamental document regulating the procedure for vaccinating the population of our country - the national vaccination calendar - is annually reviewed and modernized.
The Russian vaccination calendar is considered one of the best in the world. So, by looking at it, any mother will be able to determine the date of vaccination of her child. It is known that in order to form stable immunity, it is necessary to carefully observe the timing of re-vaccination, and the vaccination calendar makes it easy to track the time of the next vaccination.
Features of the yearly calendar:
- when compiling it, we took into account increased risks the likelihood of outbreaks of certain diseases;
- It pays special attention to the prevention of dangerous diseases.
Nowadays, anyone can choose medical institution, where he will receive treatment, including vaccination. Among a large number medical centers it's difficult to make the right choice.
Prevention is the best way to prevent diseases
When you contact the Medius network of family medicine clinics for vaccination, you will be pleasantly surprised highest quality service. Experienced specialists will provide advisory practical assistance. Friendly attitude towards every patient is the motto of our work medical personnel Medius clinics: only highly qualified doctors and nurses, to whom you can safely entrust the care of your health and the health of your child.
Health is a priceless gift that should be protected from childhood. The network of family medicine clinics "Medius" provides wide range medical services, which includes planned implementation vaccinations, and helps you maintain health for many years.
The current version of the National Calendar of Preventive Vaccinations was adopted by Order No. 125n of the Ministry of Health Russian Federation dated March 21, 2014 and includes the following vaccinations:
National calendar of preventive vaccinations
| Age | Name of vaccination | Vaccine |
| Newborns (in the first 24 hours of life) | First vaccination against viral hepatitis B | |
| Newborns (3-7 days) | Vaccination against tuberculosis | BCG-M |
| 1 month | Second vaccination against viral hepatitis B | |
| 2 month | Third vaccination against viral hepatitis B First vaccination against pneumococcal infection |
|
| 3 month | First vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus First vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae First vaccination against polio |
DTP |
| 4.5 months | Second vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus Second vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae Second polio vaccination Second vaccination against pneumococcal infection |
DTP |
| 6 months | Third vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus Third vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae Third vaccination against polio Fourth vaccination against viral hepatitis B |
DTP |
| 12 months | Vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps Fourth vaccination against viral hepatitis B |
|
| 18 months | First revaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, polio Revaccination against Haemophilus influenzae |
DTP |
| 20 months | Second revaccination against polio | |
| 6 years | Revaccination against measles, rubella, mumps | |
| 7 years | Revaccination against tuberculosis Second revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus BCG |
ADS |
| 13 years | Vaccination against rubella (girls) Vaccination against viral hepatitis B (not previously vaccinated) |
|
| 14 years | Third revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus Third revaccination against polio |
ADS |
| Adults | Revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus - every 10 years from the date of the last revaccination | ADS |
Additional immunization of the population against hepatitis B, rubella, polio inactivated vaccine and also against influenza
| Age | Name of vaccination | Vaccine |
| Children from 1 to 18 years old, adults from 18 to 55 years old, not previously vaccinated |
Vaccination against viral hepatitis B | |
| Children from 1 to 18 years old, not sick, not vaccinated, vaccinated once against rubella; girls from 18 to 25 years old, not sick, not previously vaccinated |
Immunization against rubella | |
| Children early age with clinical signs of an immunodeficiency state (frequent pustular diseases); HIV-infected or HIV-born Vaccination against polio with inactivated vaccine infected mothers; with an established diagnosis of oncohematological diseases and/or receiving immunosuppressive therapy for a long time; children who are at the 2nd stage of nursing and have reached 3 months of age; children from orphanages (regardless of health status); children from families where there are patients with immunodeficiency diseases |
Vaccination against polio with inactivated vaccine | |
| Children from 6 months of age, children attending preschool institutions, students of grades 1-11, students of higher and secondary special education educational institutions, employees of educational institutions, adults over 60 years old |
Flu vaccination |
Children from 1 to 18 years of age (inclusive) and adults up to 35 years of age (inclusive), who have not been sick, have not been vaccinated, have been vaccinated once, and have no information about vaccinations against measles; adults from 36 to 55 years (inclusive) belonging to risk groups (medical and educational organizations, trade, transport, utility and social sphere; persons working on a rotational basis and employees of state control bodies at checkpoints across the state border of the Russian Federation), who have not been sick, not vaccinated, vaccinated once, and have no information about vaccinations against measles
Children from 6 months, students in grades 1-11;
students studying in professional educational organizations and educational organizations of higher education;
adults working in certain professions and positions (employees of medical and educational organizations, transport, public utilities);
pregnant women;
adults over 60 years of age;
persons subject to conscription for military service;
faces with chronic diseases, including lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders and obesity
*(1) The first, second and third vaccinations are carried out according to the 0-1-6 scheme (1 dose - at the start of vaccination, 2 dose - a month after the 1st vaccination, 3 dose - 6 months after the start of vaccination), with the exception of children belonging to risk groups, vaccination against viral hepatitis B is carried out according to the 0-1-2-12 scheme (1 dose - at the start of vaccination, 2 dose - a month after 1 vaccination, 2 dose - 2 months from the start of vaccination, 3rd dose - 12 months from the start of vaccination).
*(2) Vaccination is carried out with a vaccine for the prevention of tuberculosis for gentle primary vaccination (BCG-M); in constituent entities of the Russian Federation with incidence rates exceeding 80 per 100 thousand population, as well as in the presence of tuberculosis patients around the newborn - the vaccine for the prevention of tuberculosis (BCG).
*(3) Vaccination is carried out for children belonging to risk groups (born from mothers of HBsAg carriers, patients with viral hepatitis B or those who have had viral hepatitis B in the third trimester of pregnancy, who do not have test results for hepatitis B markers, who consume narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, from families in which there is a carrier of HBsAg or a patient with acute viral hepatitis B and chronic viral hepatitis).
*(4) The first and second vaccinations are carried out with a vaccine for the prevention of polio (inactivated).
*(5) Vaccination is carried out for children belonging to risk groups (with diseases of the nervous system, immunodeficiency conditions or anatomical defects leading to a sharply increased risk of hemophilus influenzae infection; with intestinal development abnormalities; with oncological diseases and/or receiving long-term immunosuppressive therapy; children born to mothers with HIV infection; children with HIV infection; premature and low birth weight babies; children in orphanages).
*(6) The third vaccination and subsequent revaccinations against polio are given to children with the vaccine for the prevention of polio (live); children belonging to risk groups (with diseases of the nervous system, immunodeficiency conditions or anatomical defects leading to a sharply increased risk of contracting hemophilus influenzae infection; with intestinal abnormalities; with cancer and/or receiving long-term immunosuppressive therapy; children born to mothers with HIV -infection; children with HIV infection; premature and low birth weight children; children in orphanages) - vaccine for the prevention of polio (inactivated).
*(6.1) Vaccination and revaccination for children belonging to risk groups can be carried out with immunobiological drugs for the immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases, containing combinations of vaccines intended for use in appropriate age periods.
*(7) The second revaccination is carried out with toxoids with a reduced content of antigens.
*(8) Revaccination is carried out with a vaccine to prevent tuberculosis (BCG).
*(9) Vaccination is carried out for children and adults who have not previously been vaccinated against viral hepatitis B, according to the 0-1-6 scheme (1 dose - at the start of vaccination, 2 dose - a month after 1 vaccination, 3 dose - 6 months after start of vaccination).
*(10) The interval between the first and second vaccinations must be at least 3 months.
The procedure for carrying out preventive vaccinations for citizens within the framework of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations
With changes and additions from:
1. Preventive vaccinations within the framework of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations are carried out to citizens in medical organizations if such organizations have a license providing for the performance of work (services) on vaccination (carrying out preventive vaccinations).
2. Vaccination is carried out by medical workers who have been trained in the use of immunobiological drugs for the immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases, the organization of vaccination, vaccination techniques, as well as the provision of medical care in an emergency or urgent manner.
3. Vaccination and revaccination within the framework of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations are carried out with immunobiological drugs for the immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases, registered in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, in accordance with the instructions for their use.
In cases provided for by the national calendar of preventive vaccinations, vaccination and revaccination with immunobiological drugs for the immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases containing combinations of vaccines are allowed.
4. Before carrying out a preventive vaccination, the person subject to vaccination or his legal representative is explained the need for immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases, possible post-vaccination reactions and complications, as well as the consequences of refusal to carry out a preventive vaccination, and informed voluntary consent is drawn up. medical intervention in accordance with the requirements of Article 20 Federal Law dated November 21, 2011 N 323-FZ "On the fundamentals of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation".
5. All persons who should receive preventive vaccinations are first examined by a doctor (paramedic).
6. If the timing of vaccination changes, it is carried out according to the schemes provided for in the national calendar of preventive vaccinations and in accordance with the instructions for the use of immunobiological drugs for the immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases. It is allowed to administer vaccines (except for vaccines for the prevention of tuberculosis), used within the framework of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations, on the same day with different syringes in different parts of the body.
7. Vaccination of children for whom immunoprophylaxis against pneumococcal infection was not started in the first 6 months of life is carried out twice with an interval between vaccinations of at least 2 months.
8. Vaccination of children born to mothers with HIV infection is carried out within the framework of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations in accordance with the instructions for the use of immunobiological drugs for the immunoprevention of infectious diseases. When vaccinating such children, the following are taken into account: the child’s HIV status, type of vaccine, indicators immune status, age of the child, concomitant diseases.
9. Revaccination of children against tuberculosis born to mothers with HIV infection and who received three-stage chemoprophylaxis for mother-to-child transmission of HIV (during pregnancy, childbirth and the neonatal period) is carried out in maternity hospital vaccines for the prevention of tuberculosis (for gentle primary vaccination). In children with HIV infection, as well as when HIV nucleic acids are detected in children by molecular methods, revaccination against tuberculosis is not carried out.
10. Vaccination with live vaccines within the framework of the national schedule of preventive vaccinations (with the exception of vaccines for the prevention of tuberculosis) is carried out for children with HIV infection with immune categories 1 and 2 (no immunodeficiency or moderate immunodeficiency).
11. If the diagnosis of HIV infection is excluded, children born to mothers with HIV infection are vaccinated with live vaccines without a preliminary immunological examination.
12. Toxoids, killed and recombinant vaccines As part of the national schedule of preventive vaccinations, they are administered to all children born to mothers with HIV infection. For children with HIV infection, the specified immunobiological medications for immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases are administered in the absence of pronounced and severe immunodeficiency.
13. When vaccinating the population, vaccines containing antigens relevant to the Russian Federation are used to ensure maximum effectiveness of immunization.
14. When vaccinating against hepatitis B in children of the first year of life, against influenza in children from 6 months of age, studying in educational institutions, and pregnant women, vaccines that do not contain preservatives are used.
______________________________* Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2012, No. 26, Art. 3442; N 26, Art. 3446; 2013, N 27, art. 3459; N 27, art. 3477; N 30, art. 4038; N 39, art. 4883; N 48, art. 6165; N 52, Art. 6951.
** Order of the Ministry of Health and social development Russian Federation dated March 23, 2012 N 252n “On approval of the Procedure for assigning a supervisor to a paramedic, midwife medical organization when organizing the provision of primary health care and emergency medical care, the individual functions of the attending physician for the direct provision of medical care to the patient during the period of observation and treatment, including the prescription and use of medications, including narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs" (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on April 28, 2012, registration number N 23971).
Vaccinations 2018
« Vaccinations 2018 "is a vaccination calendar for 2018, which includes a schedule of all necessary preventive vaccinations for children included in national calendar . What vaccinations do children get? This list includes all the necessary vaccinations for children, for kindergarten, entering school, going to camp, etc. Vaccinations in 2018 will include standard list vaccines, including: tetanus vaccination, BCG, DPT vaccinations and others.
The medical portal site especially for you, dear users, has collected the entire list mandatory vaccinations for a year in one place, so that you don’t have to look for bits of information you need on different sites.
Our portal team asks you very much about two things:
Vaccinations 2018
National vaccination calendar for 2018 , includes much of the same vaccine as last year.
Vaccinations for 2018 year will include vaccination against the following diseases:
- Hepatitis B
- Tuberculosis
- Diphtheria
- Whooping cough
- Tetanus
- Rubella
- Mumps (popularly known as mumps)
| Child's age | Vaccine type |
| Newborn babies (in the first 12 hours after birth) |
|
| Newborn babies (in the first 3-7 days after birth) |
BCG (short for Bacillus Calmette - Guerin). |
| 1 month | 2nd vaccination against viral hepatitis B. |
| 2 months |
|
| 3 months |
|
| 4.5 months |
|
| 6 months |
|
| 12 months |
|
| 15 months |
|
| 18 months |
|
| 20 months |
|
| 6 years |
|
| 7 years |
|
| 13 years |
|
| 14 years |
|
| Adults |
|
Vaccination calendar 2018
What is a vaccination schedule?
Vaccination calendar - this is a list approved by the Ministry of Health, which indicates the entire list of required vaccines, depending on the age of the patient.
It is worth noting that in Russia the national calendar of preventive vaccinations was approved on June 27, 2001 by Order No. 229 of the Ministry of Health.
National vaccination calendar for 2018
According to vaccination calendar for 2018 Newborn babies receive 2 types of vaccinations:
Vaccination against viral hepatitis B- it is done in the first 24 hours after the birth of the child.
BCG vaccination(against tuberculosis)- this vaccination is given to newborns during the first 3 to 7 days.
Should newborns be vaccinated? This is a difficult question that each family answers differently. There are a lot of reviews and opinions on this matter on the Internet, despite the fact that the opinions are often diametrically opposed. If you vaccinated your child at birth, we VERY ask you to leave it - this infection, which can affect both animals and people. Tetanus primarily affects the nervous system with the appearance of severe cramps and tonic muscle tension. Most common causes of death in patients with tetanus are: paralysis respiratory muscles and as a result, respiratory arrest, paralysis of the heart muscle - cardiac arrest.
Whooping cough- an infectious disease transmitted by airborne droplets. The main symptom of whooping cough is an attack of severe spasmodic cough, which often results in hypoxia (lack of oxygen). Whooping cough is especially dangerous for children up to one year old, as it can cause apnea (stopping breathing). Children most often affected by whooping cough are from 5 to 7 years of age.
Contraindications to DTP vaccination.
Contraindications for DTP are the same as for other vaccines. Get vaccinated ABSOLUTELY impossible only in cases: if the child has a progressive disease of the central nervous system and the child has previously had seizures (if the seizures were not associated with fever).
How is DPT made?
DTP vaccination is done according to calendar of preventive vaccinations 2018. Thus, vaccination against tetanus, whooping cough and diphtheria is done in 4 stages: most often at 2, 3, 4 and 12 months.
BCG vaccination 2018
BCG- vaccination against tuberculosis. The vaccine is used for active specific prevention tuberculosis and is done in the first 3-5 days after the birth of the baby.
How long does it take for immunity to develop after BCG?
In general, anti-tuberculosis immunity is formed in a child during the first year of life. How to understand that a child’s immunity has developed? - if immunity has formed successfully, then a scar will appear on the shoulder at the site where the vaccine was administered, as in the picture below:
Scar after BCG vaccination
Who is the BCG vaccine absolutely contraindicated for?
- in children with immunodeficiency (HIV-positive parents, etc.)
- if the brother or sister of the child who is to be vaccinated has previously had severe complications for BCG vaccination
- children with congenital enzyme metabolism disorders
- for severe genetic diseases in a child, for example, with Down syndrome
- at serious illnesses nervous system, for example, cerebral palsy.
How long does it take to develop immunity after BCG vaccination?
Immunity after a vaccine lasts on average for 5 years.
Since BCG is on the list vaccinations for 2018 year, then parents should under no circumstances refuse this vaccination, since no one is insured against infection with tuberculosis and tuberculosis should not be considered a “disease of the poor.”
Vaccination against polio
The polio vaccine is included in . It is worth distinguishing between 2 types of vaccinations:
What is polio and why is it dangerous?
Polio is an acute infectious disease that affects the gray matter of the spinal cord and causes disruption in nervous system, most often leading to paralysis and paresis (decreased muscle function as a result of damage to the corresponding nerve pathway).
A child paralyzed as a result of complications of polio
Is polio vaccination required?
The answer to this question YES! For example, a child will not be accepted into kindergarten until he is vaccinated against polio, since this vaccine is included in the mandatory list of vaccinations 2018.
How many times is the polio vaccine given?
All vaccinations and revaccinations against polio are done 6 times according to vaccination calendar this occurs at: 3 months, 4.5, 6, 18, 20 months and again at 14 years.
When should you not get vaccinated?
Vaccination is not done if the child has severe immunodeficiency of various etiologies.
IMPORTANT! To ensure that a child with an immunodeficiency does not have contact for at least 14 days with a child who has received live vaccine from polio!
Paid vaccination
Vaccination calendar 2018- a list of vaccines is provided for a limited list of diseases that, in the opinion of the Ministry of Health, are most important. These vaccinations can be done for free in clinics, or they can be done for a fee in private clinics (by choosing, for example, the country of the vaccine manufacturer - England, Belgium, France).
Along with the list of required vaccinations 2018, there is also a list of vaccines that are given at the request of the patient, these include:
- Vaccination against chickenpox- it should be done for adults and children over 10 years of age who have not had chickenpox. The vaccine can be given between the ages of 1 and 50 years.
- Hepatitis A vaccination- this vaccination can be done from the 1st year. For children it is carried out in 2 stages, adults receive a double dose in one procedure.
- Vaccination against cervical cancer- done from 10 years to 26. The effectiveness of vaccination against cervical cancer is as much as 100%, due to the immunization of the woman’s body to the human papilloma virus.
If you find an error, please select a piece of text and press Ctrl+Enter
Share on social networks
In contact with
Classmates
