Introduce modern life impossible without transport. But once upon a time he was not there! Just think, the first wheeled cart appeared in Mesopotamia in 3500 BC! The need to carry heavy loads forced man to use animal strength. Then he invented a boat, a sail, and built the first ship. The invention of the engine gave new impetus to further development transport and the emergence of its new types. Transport has undergone a long process of development and further improvement since those ancient times. And now in the 21st century, life without transport is not only difficult, for many it is almost impossible. Society is developing, the modern rhythm of life requires from a person increased activity, so the need to travel longer distances increases.
Nowadays, being in another country or even another continent within a few hours is no longer a problem. Humanity has achieved amazing success in the development of transport. To make it easier for people to move around, the following were invented:
- Water transport.
- Air.
- Ground.
Now people have cars, trains, planes, helicopters, ships, yachts, motorcycles, ATVs, buses, and trams in their service. The list goes on. Moreover, new types are emerging, for example, the electric car. Progress cannot be stopped.
With the advent of such a variety of means of transportation, the problem of overcoming long distances was decided. However, another question has arisen that concerns everyone without exception, which type of transport is the safest. The safety criterion when choosing a particular means of transportation is perhaps the most important.
Surely everyone has thought at least once about what is safer to drive. There are a lot of misconceptions and erroneous conclusions. For example, some people think that driving your own car is the most reliable way movement. This is argued by the fact that following traffic rules and being attentive on the road is the key to safety. However, we should not forget that there are many unscrupulous drivers on the road, and some do not even know the traffic rules. Sad but true. Only one thing is clear: there is no absolutely safe form of transport. However, humanity will never be able to completely abandon transport. But do not despair and go to extremes, limiting yourself on trips and long journeys. Everything is not as sad as it might seem.
To determine the most without dangerous look transport, you need to turn to statistics. Interestingly, according to research, air transport is the safest. This fact causes surprise and distrust among most people. This is partly due to large sizes the planes themselves. When a plane crash occurs, a large number of people die, and the scale of the tragedy seems enormous. However, in reality this is not at all the case. The organization of flights is approached with great responsibility and caution. There is always pre-screening at airports. Airplanes must undergo a technical inspection (before each flight!). If you analyze the statistical indicators for the year, you can see that many people die in car accidents. more people. In Russia, more than 35 thousand people die within one year. The ratio of fatalities in plane crashes and car accidents is 1:1000.
Airplanes are becoming safer. There are (fortunately!) fewer and fewer accidents due to technical faults. In crowded cities where the roads are congested, the likelihood of getting into an accident increases. However, many (almost 85% of the population) continue to think that airplanes are more dangerous. Fear of flying leads to the development of aerophobia. It’s hard to fight it, and to convince a person that the plane is the most safe means, almost impossible. However, the facts indicate the opposite. More people die on the roads in 4 days than in 10 years of airplane flights.
The Boeing 737 is considered one of the most reliable and safe aircraft. If we look at the average frequency of flights, we can say that every second there are about 1,250 Boeing aircraft in the air. The accident rate is as follows: for every two million flights (possibly) 1 aircraft. Indeed, reliability is high! Moreover, the chances of surviving a plane crash are much greater than any other accident. This is confirmed by studies conducted in the USA: out of 53,487 people, 51,207 survived as a result of plane crashes. In the event of splashdown, the chances of survival increase by 50%. The next safest modes of transport after airplanes are water transport and rail.
All data and facts indicate that the safest is still an airplane. You should not be afraid of flying and refuse to fly, thereby depriving yourself of the opportunity to see new countries, experience the beauty of the world and broaden your horizons. Experienced pilots and crews do everything to ensure flight safety.
Thanks to modern transport, we can move freely over long distances. But which transport is the safest? Oddly enough, the safest mode of transport is an airplane. After the plane, the safety of the passenger can be ensured by the train, and only then by the car. This is exactly what the statistics say. More detailed information You can find out more about this below.
First things first - airplanes
Air transport is the safest!
If you choose transport for a trip or travel, then statistics will definitely recommend air travel. Contrary to the opinion of the majority that the plane is the most unreliable and dangerous form of transport, this is not so! And it’s all because of the wide resonance of the ongoing plane crashes in the world. The facts themselves say absolutely the opposite.
Thousands of flights take place around the world every hour. According to statistics, there is only 1 death per 1 million air passengers.
Every plane crash is a news item with a lightning bolt, which is discussed and closely followed by journalists. Whenever there is a major plane crash, shocking footage from the scene of the tragedy and lists of victims are shown on television, and mourning is also declared.
But if you think about it, 2-3 things happen every year. major plane crashes, and about a dozen small ones, while you can estimate the approximate number of victims, this is somewhere around 1-2 thousand people a year. Now think about how many car accidents occur every day in which people die? What about per month and per year? In just one month, about 2 thousand people die as a result of car accidents.
Despite the large number of victims in a plane crash, and after one there is very little chance of survival, the number of victims is tens of times less than in tragedies involving other modes of transport.
Behind Lately the number of plane crashes decreased by 36%. This is all thanks to the fact that aircraft are constantly being improved in everything, including safety. Before departure, the aircraft undergoes a thorough inspection and check, and the flight itself is controlled both by the aircraft crew and by dispatchers on the ground.
Trains after planes
The second safest mode of transport is the train. Statistics say that there are 18 deaths per 1 million passengers.
It is the railway service that most people consider the safest form of transportation, but dry numbers say the opposite. Most likely, this happens because there are rails under the train and they have their own separate route, when there is only air under the plane. Despite the fact that railway accidents also have resonance, however, it is not as significant as in air accidents.
Many might argue that train accidents are no more common than plane accidents, in which fewer people die. However, the number of flights, passengers on them and the distance covered are many times greater than those of other modes of transport.
Auto is unsafe
One of the most unsafe modes of transport are cars. Judging by the figures, there are 62 deaths per 1 million passengers.
– very unsafe. Unlike the two previous types of transport, here the chances of getting into an accident increase due to other participants traffic which may cause an accident.
And now the numbers
Now let's look at mortality statistics. If above we took into account the number of deaths per total passengers, now let’s look at the data on the kilometers covered:
- Air travel - 0.05 people;
- Railway communication – 0.9 people;
- Motor transport – 3.1 people.
An airplane is the safest form of transport on Earth; even cars and trains are significantly inferior in safety to airplanes. Despite this, with every new catastrophe There are more and more aerophobes. Many people in the world are afraid of airplanes, mistakenly believing that other modes of transport are much safer. Is it true that there is a high chance of an accident? And can an airplane be called the safest mode of transport? We need to figure it out.
Statistics and odds
To determine that an airplane is the safest mode of transport, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the statistics. On average, seventeen disasters are officially registered per year. It is important to understand that these sad events occurred not only in Russia, but throughout the world. Over a hundred years of existence civil aviation One hundred thousand people became victims of plane crashes during flights. That's less than the rate of car accidents per year.
It is worth noting: there are no fewer crashes on cargo flights than there are on passenger flights, which is another argument in favor of choosing an airplane. The chance of falling is so small that a person is more likely to die from a lightning strike than from a plane crash. Statistical analysis led to the conclusion that public opinion regarding transport safety is based on fears and superstitions.
Flight safety
It is worth mentioning positive traits flights. This is the fastest mode of transport. We can also say that the safest mode of transport is an airplane. To agree with this statement, all flight histories must be studied. As you can see, the list of plane crashes is small.
Engine failure
Flying is the safest form of travel. This has been proven for centuries since the beginning of aviation. The plane flies thanks to its wings; during landing, takeoff and flight, its movements are controlled by engines. But what happens if they refuse?
If one engine fails, the passenger will not feel it because the plane can be controlled by the second engine. And even if both break down, the plane will not fall down at a right angle, but will glide in the air for about two hundred kilometers indefinitely.
Turbulence
It is not often that you meet a person who has not encountered turbulence while flying. Everyone describes it as pitching. What is it? Turbulence is when, when liquids or gases accelerate during external environment vortices are formed, irritating the external environment.
Many passengers wonder: can turbulence cause a tragedy? This can't happen. The plane is designed in such a way that in order for it to fall due to turbulence, a force is needed that can only be found in the atmosphere of the planet Jupiter.
Pilots try to fly around turbulence, and planes can experience incredible shaking, so terrestrial conditions the chance of falling from turbulence tends to zero. Only once in the history of mankind has an airplane crashed due to turbulence, when the pilot decided to fly over a volcano. Therefore, turbulence is only a comfort issue, not a safety issue.
Flying in bad weather
Pilots have an excellent understanding of weather conditions. A certain time before departure, they look at the forecast for the route to avoid getting caught in a storm. If the weather forecast does not comply with safety regulations, the flight is canceled or rescheduled to another day. Before starting their career, pilots undergo many tests on simulators, learning to act decisively and calmly in any situation.
How much does wind shear affect flight?
Wind shear is a sudden change in air movement and/or speed over a short distance in the atmosphere. This important factor, affecting the aircraft during takeoff and landing. It applies not only to airplanes, but also to other types of aircraft.
Wind shear occurs in the lowest layers of the atmosphere (up to one hundred meters in height). Modern aircraft have more mass, which makes them more inert. High inertia does not allow the aircraft to quickly change its speed. The aircraft maintaining this speed when flying through different levels wind causes a change in speed in the air. Because of this, the plane follows a trajectory lower than expected, making the landing dangerous.
What's really dangerous?
Icing is when the outside of an airplane becomes covered in ice. Occurs when flying in the sky with supercooled drops of water. This is very dangerous, since icing worsens the controllability of the aircraft and makes it heavier. The result could be an accident or even a plane crash. Even at the airport, the plane can become icy at sub-zero temperatures. Before the flight, the ship is treated with a special liquid that stops the formation of ice. They douse every external part of the aircraft: from the wings to the stabilizer. In the atmosphere, icing is unlikely, but possible.
Causes
There are three main causes of plane crashes:
- Staff error.
- Technical difficulites.
- Act of terrorism.
Let's consider each of them separately.
Personnel error
It must be understood that personnel error means not only the wrong step of the pilots during the flight, but also the unprofessional work of maintenance and operation specialists, technicians, dispatchers, and operators. After all, it is impossible to predict human actions, and flight is a complex sequence of technical processes that requires strict control.
Most plane crashes are due to the human factor, this is evidenced by official statistics. However, technology is moving forward rapidly. Every year, aviation engineers develop new automatic systems and design new generation aircraft, which reduces the role of humans in flight to a minimum.
Technical difficulites
Bad and cheap equipment can easily fail at any inconvenient moment, but even high-quality automation fails. Equipment failure is a common cause of plane crashes; about a third of crashes happen precisely because of this.
The main causes of operational problems are malfunctions of the on-board computer and navigation systems. It is very difficult to find out the exact cause of these breakdowns. Taking this into account, airlines are purchasing new and safe planes, abandoning outdated models.
Act of terrorism
Since the middle of the last century, terrorist acts have become big problem affecting flight safety. Most often, terrorists hijack a ship or plant explosives on an airplane. Such disasters, unfortunately, take many lives.
Is it dangerous to fly on airplanes? As you can see, the statistics of falls are low, and their causes are rare situations from which no one on earth is immune.
Are you afraid to fly, preferring a car or a train? Completely in vain. Today we will determine the safest mode of transport based on dry statistics, which, as it turns out, have little to do with our fears.
It’s not for nothing that we started with fears, because they clearly show to what extent our emotions and speculation can prevail over facts and common sense. It is no coincidence that absolutely all sociological surveys give approximately the same results. People consider the train to be the safest mode of transport, the car comes in second place, and the most dangerous, of course, is the plane. But it gives slightly different results.
There are several methods for calculating mortality in the world. different types transport. The most accurate and common is the ratio of deaths per segment of the distance traveled. The starting point is considered to be 100 million miles (160 million kilometers).
True, based on these statistics, the safest mode of transport is space transport. After all, in its entire history, only three accidents occurred, and colossal distances were covered. However, space tourism is a prospect, albeit a near future, so we will look at more common means of transportation.
Especially for you: airplane is the safest mode of transport, statistics confirm this 100%. There are 0.6 deaths per 100 million miles. If we take 2014 as an example, there were 21 plane crashes worldwide. Of these, 10 are cargo ships, 11 are passenger ships. A total of 990 people died. This is less than the number of cyclists who died, and even less than the number of people who died in a year at the hands of donkeys.
In total, about 33 million flights were made during the year. On average, there is one accident per 1 million flights. It should be noted that most of them are on small private jets.
The probability of dying in a regular passenger flight crash is extremely small, 1/8,000,000. Even flying every day, it will take 21 millennia to get on that ill-fated flight that crashes.
The myth that there is no chance of survival in a plane crash also has little to do with reality. Aircrafts designed by people who know first-hand about aerodynamics and gravity. Therefore, in order to hit the ground with a bang from a height of 10,000 km, you need to try hard.
Let's turn again to statistics. Over the past 20-plus years, there have been approximately 500 aircraft accidents in the United States. The number of deaths in them was only 5% of the passengers on board at the time of the accident. Even if we ignore minor incidents and analyze only serious disasters with impacts on the ground, the breaking of the aircraft body and fires, the number of survivors in them is approximately 50%.
Railway transport
According to statistics, this is the safest form of land transport. The mortality rate from train accidents is 0.9 passengers per 160 million km. It sounds incredible, considering the speed at which ultra-modern trains travel. However, you can't argue with the numbers. At the same time, global statistics are largely spoiled by countries such as, where the concept of safety has a very specific meaning.
Automobile transport
For every 160 million km traveled, 1.6 people die in road accidents. According to these statistics, a car can easily be considered the most dangerous type of transport. Every year, about 1.2 million people die on the world's roads, which is a thousand times more than in plane crashes. Thus, you are more likely to get into an accident on the way to the airport than to die on the plane itself.
Moreover, these figures apply only to four-wheeled vehicles. If we talk about motorcycles and mopeds, then the mortality rate there is many times higher: 42 people per 160 million km.
Crash landings: video showing that even the most difficult situations there is a way out.
We studied many official statistics sites and found out that there is no clear answer to such a seemingly simple question, but still we compiled this rating, taking into account all the conclusions and all the principles of calculation.
Let's start with the fact that the complexity of risk calculation arises from the first minute of calculations, from the question of what indicator to calculate. If we take the total number of deaths from accidents for a specific type of transport, we get an obvious answer, because thousands of people in every country in the world, including pedestrians, die in car accidents every year. Unlike a train or an airplane, where no more than 1,000 people worldwide die per year, incidents with this type of transport lead to a large number of victims, but they occur relatively rarely, no more than 2-3 every year. But if most of us do not travel by plane and train every day, then by car or bus, almost every day.
Basically there are three possible ways calculation of transport risks, in terms of distance (number deaths per billion km), number of trips (number of deaths per billion trips) or travel time.
Stakeholders typically choose the form of calculation of statistics according to their own purposes.
For example, in the airline industry, they almost always choose a method based on calculations in kilometers, which is optimal for them, since most fatalities occur during landing and takeoff, and the distances in between are large. For land transport, on the contrary, there will be a tendency to choose a method based on calculating sacrifices per number of trips or hours of travel, since the risks are evenly distributed. Thus, both modes of transport are able to demonstrate that they are the safest mode of transport.
Statistics are based on data from the statistical bureau DETR (Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions - American bureau 2000). They record the number of deaths per billion km, the number of trips and travel times.
Transport safety calculation by mileage:
1. Air travel 0.05
2. Buses 0.4
3. Railway 0,6
3. Minibuses (Van) 1,2
4. Water transport 2.6
5. Cars 3.1
6. Bicycles 44.6
7. On foot 54.2
8. Motorcycle 108.9
It is clear that you can’t walk very far, and there are a lot of accidents with pedestrians on the road.
Transport safety calculation based on the number of trips:
1. Buses 4.3
2. Rail transport 20
3. Minibuses (Van) 20
4-5. By car and on foot 40
6. Water transport 90
7. Air travel 117
8. Bicycle 170
9. Motorcycle 1640
Transport safety calculation based on travel time:
1. Buses 11.1
2. Railway 30
3. Air transport 30.8
4. Water transport 50
5. Minibuses (Van) 60
6. Car 130
7. Walking 220
8. Bicycle 550
9. Motorcycle 4840
And as we already wrote in the article, about . Over the past 10 years, the number of serious incidents in air transport has fallen by 36%. The mortality rate during air travel is 1 death per 1 million passengers. As a result, the chances of dying in a car are now 62 times higher than while flying on an airplane, say experts from the Ascend agency. Which, accordingly, raises air transport in the ranking, in any of the calculations, both on the number of trips and on the time of travel. And based on the time of movement, it bypasses railway transport.
Conclusions, safe transport It doesn’t happen, due to the large number of vehicles, crossing the streets is also quite dangerous, but no matter what, you should refrain from such a type of transport as a motorcycle. Since the statistics were taken from the American bureau, it is worth making adjustments for our countries; our minibuses are just as unsafe as regular cars. And the airlines are quite reliable, ().
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