Unsteady heat exchange mode is a mode when the temperature of bodies or media involved in the process of thermal energy exchange changes over time. In this case, the cooling (heating) time is an argument of the body temperature function. Dependence of temperature on time...
It is characterized by the rate of heat exchange, which is proportional to the temperature difference between the body and the surrounding space. In contrast to the stationary mode, in which the temperatures of all points of the system remain unchanged long time, non-stationary heat transfer occurs, for example, when a body is placed in an environment with a lower or higher temperature. If the environment is a conditionally infinite space (for example, atmospheric air or water in a “large” container), then the influence of the body on the temperature of the environment is negligible, therefore cooling (heating) of the body occurs at a conditionally constant temperature of the surrounding gas or liquid.
Note that from a mathematical point of view, cooling a body is heating with a minus sign. Both heating and cooling are described by the same formulas!
What tasks can we talk about? Let's present a small list of questions that you can try to answer using the following calculation in Excel:
- How long will it take for the part to heat up in the oven?
- How long does it take for a casting to cool after being knocked out of the mold?
- How long does it take to heat water in a barrel at the dacha?
- How long will it take for it to freeze? external water supply in the absence of analysis?
- How long does it take to chill a can of beer in the refrigerator?
Calculation of cooling (heating) time in Excel.
The calculation algorithm is based on the Newton-Richmann law and on theoretical and practical studies of the regular thermal regime by Soviet scientists G.M. Kondratyev (“Regular thermal regime”, Moscow, 1954) and M.A. Mikheev (“Fundamentals of Heat Transfer”, Moscow, 1977).
For example, we chose to calculate the heating time to +22 °C in a room with an air temperature of +24 °C of an aluminum beer can with water pre-cooled to +13 °C.
Initial data:
There are 12 parameters required to calculate the cooling (heating) time (see screenshot).
Approximate information about the values of the heat transfer coefficient α are given in the note to cell D3.
Thermophysical characteristics of the body material λ , a, ρ ,c can be easily found in reference books or by searching on the Internet. In our example, these are water parameters.
In principle, to perform the calculation it is enough to know the values of any of the pairs of characteristics: λ , a or ρ ,c. But to be able to perform the check and minimize the likelihood of an error, I recommend filling in all 4 cells with values.
We enter the values of the initial data into the corresponding cells of the Excel sheet and read the result: heating water from +13 °C to +22 °C in the calm air of a room with constant temperature+24 °C will last 3 hours 25 minutes.
For reference, at the very end of the table, the heating time is calculated without taking into account the shape of the body - 3 hours 3 minutes.
Calculation algorithm:
- 13.1. F=2 · H· L+2 · B· L+2 · H· B– for a parallelepiped;
- 13.2. F=π · D· L+2 · π · D 2 /4 – for a cylinder;
- 13.3. F= π · D 2 - for the ball.
- 14.1. V= H· L· B– for a parallelepiped;
- 14.2. V= L· π · D 2 /4 – for a cylinder;
- 14.3. V= π · D 3 /6 - for the ball.
- 15.G= ρ · V
- 16.1 K=((π / H) 2 + (π / L) 2 + (π / B) 2) -1 – for a parallelepiped;
- 16.2 K=((2,405 /(D/2)) 2 + (π / L) 2) -1 – for a cylinder;
- 16.3 K=((D/2)/ π ) 2 - for the ball.
- 17.m ∞ = a/ K
- 18.Bi= α · K· F/(λ · V)
- 19. Ψ=(1+1.44· Bi+ Bi 2 ) -0,5
- 20.M=Ψ· Bi
- 21. m αλ = M· m ∞
- 22. mcρ= Ψ · α · F/(c· ρ · V)
- 23. Δ = ABS (1-m αλ / mcρ)· 100
- 24. t=(LN (ABS (t c -t 1)) -LN (ABS (t c -t 2))/m αλ
- 25.tN=(LN (ABS (t c -t 1)) -LN (ABS (t c -t 2)))·c·ρ ·V/(α· F)
Verification of calculations by experience.
As you might guess, such a somewhat strange example was not chosen by chance, but to allow for a simple experiment and subsequent comparison of the results. A thermometer and a watch were taken and the temperature of the water in the jar was measured during the heating process. The results of calculations and experiments are reflected in the graphs.
The results of the experiment showed that heating a jar of water from +13 °C to +22 °C in a room (+24 °C) lasted approximately 3 hours 20 minutes. This is 5 minutes less than the estimated time according to Kondratiev and 17 minutes longer than the time according to classical law Newton-Richmann.
The similarity of the results is both pleasing and surprising. But do not overestimate the results obtained! The cooling (heating) time calculated using the proposed calculation program in Excel can only be used for rough estimates process duration! The fact is that the thermophysical characteristics of the body and the heat transfer coefficient accepted in the calculation as constants are not actually such. They depend on changing temperatures! In addition, a regular heat exchange regime is not established immediately after placing the body in the environment, but after some time.
Please note that the experimentally obtained temperatures of a jar of water during the first hour are located above the theoretical calculation curve (see graphs). This means that the heat transfer coefficient in this period of time was greater than the value we selected α =8.3 W/(m 2 K).
Let's determine the average value α in the first 58 minutes of the experimental results. For this:
- Let's write t 2 =17.5 °C in cell D6.
- We activate (“stand with the mouse”) cell D28.
- Let's do: Service – Parameter selection.
- And set D28 to 58 minutes by changing cell D3.
α =9.2 W/(m 2 K)!!!
After doing the same procedure for t 2=22.5 °C and t= 240 min, we get α =8.3 W/(m 2 K).
The value chosen in the theoretical calculation α (according to the recommendation of SP 50.13330.2012 and the formula from the Handbook of Physics - see note to cell D3) miraculously, although completely by accident, coincided with the value α , calculated from experimental data.
Using the considered method, it is possible to determine the real accurate average values of the heat transfer coefficient of bodies with any surface shape based on practical measurements of just two values of body temperature and the time interval between these measurements.
It remains to add that the temperature of the jar of water after the considered 4 hours will subsequently asymptotically approach 24 °C.
I begrespectful author's work download the file with the calculation program after subscribing to article announcements!
P.S.
So how many hours will it take to cool a 0.45 liter aluminum can of beer from +20 °C to +8 °C in the refrigerator (+3 °C)? According to the calculation in the program - 2.2...2.4 hours. I haven’t tested it with experience... :-)
P.P.S.
An interesting (perhaps only for me) fact was discovered while working on the article. And a cube with the size of the edges a, and for a cylinder with a diameter A and length A, and for a ball with diameter A the ratio of volume to surface area is the same: V/F=a/6!!!
How to determine the duration of death by the rate of decrease in the temperature of the corpse?
The duration of death is determined by various indicators when examining various tissues and organs of a corpse using numerous research methods. However, the determination of the duration of death in the early period has long been carried out mainly organoleptically with the study of post-mortem processes, the degree of development of those cadaveric phenomena that are described above.
First of all, the rate of cooling of the corpse after death is taken into account. It is known that it changes under the influence of many processes that are taken into account, but the main one is the ambient temperature. Therefore, before measuring body temperature, note the temperature of the air or water where the corpse was located. Then, using an available medical thermometer (electric thermometers are also used), the body temperature is established in the anus, where the thermometer is inserted for 10 minutes. At a temperature environment+20°C, the corpse of an adult usually cools down by 1°C in one hour. Moreover, in the first hours it is a little faster, and after 6 hours the drop in body temperature slows down, and it will decrease by 1°C in 1.5-2 hours. If body temperature is measured in the armpit, which is largely influenced by additional factors, the result will be less accurate, and by feeling the body it is impossible to determine the duration of death. Various formulas have been proposed to determine the time elapsed after death. Here is one of them: Recency deaths 2/3 (36.8 - Tt), where Tm is the body temperature at the time of examination in the rectum. This formula allows you to more accurately determine the time elapsed after death in the first day, especially in the first 12 hours.
In addition, sometimes they use ready-made tables that indicate in hours how much time has passed since death for different combinations of ambient temperature and the corpse when measuring in the armpit and anus (Table 7).
Table 7
|
Temperature in the armpits °C (at air temperature 18°C) |
Rectal temperature |
Prescription offensive of death (in hours) |
How to determine the duration of death by the degree of development of cadaveric spots?
To determine the duration of death, a study of cadaveric spots is used. For this purpose, devices such as a dynamometer and a photodynamometer have been proposed, which make it possible to objectively assess changes in the color of cadaveric spots, taking into account the force of pressure on them and record the results on a recording device. In practice, however, the old simple method of examination is used - pressing on the cadaveric spot with a finger. The change in color of the cadaveric spot and the time it takes for it to return to its original state is measured in seconds or minutes, which allows us to determine the duration of death. If the stain does not change color, then imbibition has set in, that is, more than 24 hours have passed, after which the age can be more accurately established only taking into account putrefactive changes and only approximately. The average indicators of the study of cadaveric spots are shown in Table 8. Tables 7 and 8 are given from the textbook “Forensic Medicine”, ed. V.M. Smolyaninov (1982).
The changes indicated in the table are taken into account along with some other indicators. Thus, the color of the spots and their recovery time are affected by the cause of death. In cases of death caused by mechanical asphyxia, which is characterized by abundant bluish-violet cadaveric spots, the time required to restore their original color is less than when dying from heavy blood loss. Therefore, to determine the duration of death, a certain correction and consideration of the development of other cadaveric changes is necessary.
Table 8
|
Stage |
Time |
Time passed |
|
development |
recovery |
after death |
|
corpse colors |
(in hours) |
|
|
spots |
||
|
Hypostasis |
5-10 sec |
|
|
30 sec |
||
|
Diffusion |
1-2 min |
6-8 |
|
5-8 min |
10-12 |
|
|
8-10 min |
14-16 |
|
|
13-15 min |
18-20 |
|
|
15-20 min |
22-24 |
|
|
Imbibition |
don't turn pale |
more than 24 |
|
and don't disappear |
How is the age of death determined using supravital reactions?
To determine the duration of death, the survivability of the organs and tissues of the corpse is also used, that is, their ability to respond to various external stimuli. These reactions are calledsupravital. This includes mechanical irritation of muscles, which, when struck with a blunt hard object (hammer, ruler), respond with contraction. A blow 5 cm below the elbow joint leads to extension of the hand, a blow to the front surface of the thigh in the lower third or to the inner edge of the shoulder blade causes muscle contraction, an impact on the muscle of the front surface of the shoulders - the biceps - leads to the appearance of a muscle tumor. The speed and degree of the reaction is taken into account, which stops 2-3 hours after death. Another group of reactions is carried out usingelectrophysiological stimuli. For this purpose, portable devices have been developed with a needle sensor running on direct current using batteries with a voltage of 4.5 volts. When the skin on the outer corners of the eyes or mouth is applied, facial twitching is caused. Moreover, in the first 2-3 hours after death it is so strong that it gives a special grimace to the whole face, sometimes even the muscles of the neck and chest react, and the pupil narrows. The response of the facial muscles gradually decreases, but lasts up to 6-7 hours, and the eye still reacts up to 10-12 hours. After this time, up to 25 hours, you can notice the deformation of the pupil, and not its narrowing. Often usedchemical irritation muscles of the eyes that dilate or constrict the pupil. For this purpose, into the anterior chamber of the eye a 1% solution of atropine or pilocarpine is injected (or instilled). The rate and degree of change in pupil diameter decreases over time, but is observed up to 12-24 hours. In the first 10 hours after death, a double reaction is observed, that is, after expansion from atropine, contraction is observed under the action of pilocarpine. Less commonly, other supravital reactions are used to determine the duration of death: the ability of dying and already dead body tissue cells to perceive certain dyes or the reaction of the sweat glands.
What, besides supravital reactions and cadaveric changes, can be used to determine the duration of death?
Establishing the duration of death is also carried out using other indicators. When the time of the last meal before death is known, the duration of death is judged by the characteristics of the stomach contents, the degree of digestibility depending on the nature of the food and its movement through the gastrointestinal tract. The average rate of advancement is about 2 meters of gut per hour. Therefore, for example, identifying a food mass at the beginning of the large intestine means that 3-3.5 hours have passed, at the hepatic flexure - 6 hours, at the splenic flexure - 12 hours after eating.
When empty bladder we can assume that death occurred at the beginning of the night, or in the full morning - in the morning.
Sometimes the pattern of changes in the cornea is taken into account, which depends on temperature conditions and the position of the eyelids and leads first to swelling and then to the disintegration of epithelial cells.
Great importance in determining the duration of death is given to entomological studies, i.e., the distribution of insects (mainly flies) in different stages of their development (eggs, larvae, pupae and adults). To determine the time of death, some non-medical data is used, which can be identified when examining the scene of the incident (dates of mail, newspapers, time of stopped clocks, the thickness of dust, mold growth, germination of the corpse by plants, etc. is important).
When death is long ago, when soft tissues have already been destroyed, the duration of death can be judged by the degree of bone destruction. This takes into account the conditions in which the corpse was located during burial, and what the soil was like. For example, partial destruction of bones in chernozem soil occurs on average after 20 years, and in sod-carbonate soil - 15 years after burial. Soft fabrics, the ligaments and cartilage of corpses are destroyed on average after 2 years. In this case, a complex is used various methods research. During the forensic medical examination of the remains of the royal family, executed in Yekaterinburg in 1918, a comprehensive macro- and microscopic examination of the skeletons, teeth, and the degree of their decalcification made it possible to establish the approximate date of burial.
Determining the time and duration of death - main question, decided by a forensic expert when examining the scene of an incident or discovering a corpse, as well as during an examination of the corpse in the morgue. The practical importance of solving this issue was pointed out by the author of the first treatise on forensic medicine, the famous Italian doctor Zacchias (1688), E.O. Mukhin (1805, 1824), S.A. Gromov (1832, 1838), Nysten (1811), Orfila (1824), etc.
Establishing the time that elapsed from the moment of death until the discovery of the corpse provides great assistance to the investigation in clarifying the circumstances of the incident and determining the location of the incident, allows you to narrow the range of investigative activities in the search for persons involved in the incident, exclude or confirm the involvement of certain persons in the crime committed, and verify the accuracy of testimony witnesses and suspects in the investigation and sentencing process.
Comparing the time of death of an unknown person with the time of the person’s disappearance makes it possible to identify or deny that his corpse belongs to the wanted person.
Methods for determining the time and duration of death are based on the patterns of development of cadaveric phenomena, the phenomenon of tissue survival in the first time after death and the patterns of chemical changes occurring in the corpse. Some methods make it possible to judge the time of death indirectly, by establishing the time of burial of the corpse and the presence of the corpse in water.
When addressing this issue, it is necessary to take into account external and internal conditions that influence the acceleration or deceleration of the development of cadaveric phenomena in different environments.
Over the course of a number of years, it was decided by the degree of severity of cadaveric phenomena. In cases where a corpse is in the air, in the ground, in water, taking into account the degree of development of the cycles of insects, fungi, plants, evacuation of gastrointestinal contents, it is necessary to remember that the age of death is determined not from the moment of the incident, but from the moment of death itself, since it could follow several hours after the incident (infliction of injury, injection of poison, etc.). To increase the accuracy and objectification of the research results, instrumental methods of deep thermometry (N.P. Marchenko, 1967), deep two-zone liver thermometry (A.A. Olnev, 1971, 1974), measurements rectal temperature(G.A. Botezatu, 1975) and laboratory research methods - histological, biochemical, biophysical (V.I. Kononenko, 1971), cytological, etc.
Carrying out such research requires expensive equipment, instruments and reagents. The complexity of the listed research methods, the large “scatter” of the obtained quantitative characteristics, sometimes contradictory research results, often at odds with the data obtained during the investigation, did not allow them to be introduced into practice, and the determination of the duration of death is, as before, carried out according to the severity of cadaveric phenomena. A reasoned answer to this question is sometimes decisive in solving a crime and exposing the criminal.
Existing instrumental methods for establishing the duration of death are currently not used by practical experts due to the lack and high cost of instruments and reagents, therefore, as in previous times, the duration of death has to be determined using human senses. Despite limited opportunities existing methods, their practical importance cannot be underestimated, since they make it possible, with a certain degree of probability, to judge the dynamics and severity of cadaveric phenomena for an approximate judgment about the duration of death.
Correctly assessed cadaveric phenomena during inspection of the scene of the incident make it possible to preliminarily determine the duration of death, sometimes its cause, and identify poisoning. Final decision this issue is possible only after internal research.
Information necessary for an expert to determine the duration of death based on cadaveric phenomena
In the establishing part of the resolution, the investigator must reflect the time and date of the inspection, the temperature and humidity of the air, the place where the corpse or its remains were found, the presence or absence of clothes and shoes, the order of the clothes (whether they are buttoned or unbuttoned), the state of the corpse, provide a certificate from the hydrometeorological service for the period the expected period of development of cadaveric phenomena. In cases where a corpse is found in a room, it is necessary to indicate whether the windows, vents, or doors were closed or open; in bed - what bedding or other items were covered with the corpse, list the items of clothing worn on the corpse, emphasize whether the collar of the shirt was buttoned and how tightly it covered the neck, whether a corpse smell was felt while turning the corpse over and at the moment of entering the room, the presence of living and dead insects and domestic animals. When examining a corpse in the open air, indicate accumulations of insects, the state of vegetation around and under the corpse, their germination through the corpse; when examining an exhumed corpse, list the porosity of the soil, its granularity, composition; when examining a corpse removed from water, the water temperature, speed water flows, note the presence of birds, traces of animals, insects, provide information on the average daily temperature for all days from the estimated time of death to the day of examination of the corpse.
Determining the duration of death based on cadaveric findings
Putrid smell
On the first day after death, a putrid odor begins to be released from the opening of the nose, mouth and anus, indicating the beginning of decay.
2-3 hours after death, by 15-24 hours it is already clearly noticeable.
Example . When a corpse is turned over, a sharp (weak) putrid odor emanates.
Corpse cooling
The description of the dynamics of cooling begins with measuring the cooling of the corpse to the touch and recording in the protocol the degree of cooling of each of the areas subjected to study. The developed instrumental methods of deep thermometry (N.P. Marchenko; V.I. Kononenko, 1968; GA. Botezatu, 1973; V.V. Tomilin, 1980, etc.), unfortunately, are not currently used.
To determine cadaveric cooling, the back surface of a warm hand is applied to the touch, first to open areas of the body of the person being examined (back surface of the hands, face, etc.), and then to areas covered by clothing ( armpits, the border of the upper third of the thighs and the inguinal folds), which, due to contact, cool more slowly, then to covered with a blanket or other cover. The protocol records the degree of cooling of each of the named areas.
IN normal conditions cooling starts from open areas bodies. The hands and feet become cold to the touch 1-2 hours after death. The face - after 2 hours, the body - after 8-12 hours. After 6-10 hours, the temperature of open areas of the body can become equal to the air temperature. After 4-5 hours, areas of the body under clothing become cold.
At +15-+18 °C the body of a usually dressed person (without outerwear) cools down at a rate of about 1°C in one hour and by the end of the day is compared with the environment, but there is an exception to this rule when the temperature accelerates or slows down. In the most favorable conditions, a corpse
cools to +20°C and below 10-12 hours after death. An ambient temperature of +15 °C cools the face, hands and feet of a corpse of a lightly dressed adult in 1-2 hours, the torso in 8-10 hours, and the abdomen in 8-16 hours. The skin cools completely by the end of the day, while the temperature stays in internal organs longer. Cooling of an adult corpse to an ambient temperature of +20°C occurs in 30 hours, +10°C - 40 hours, +5°C - 50 hours. Thus, when assessing the temperature of a corpse, it is first necessary to take into account the conditions in which there was a corpse. Cooling of a corpse located on snow or ice can occur in half an hour to an hour. In persons with convulsions preceding death, body temperature rises by 1-2 °C, and with agony it decreases by 1-2 °C. (N.S. Bokarius, 1930).
The corpses of persons who have lost a lot of blood and are exhausted are completely cooled in 12 hours, and newborns - in 6 hours. In winter, in the open air or in cold water Cooling may be completed within an hour. In the summer, the corpses of those who drowned in water cool down 2-3 hours after being in the water. Areas of the body not covered by clothing cool faster than those covered by 4-5 hours.
Example . The corpse is completely cold to the touch. The corpse is cold to the touch except for closed areas of the body. The corpse is cold to the touch except for the axillary and groin areas.
Rigor mortis
The procedure for studying rigor mortis begins with determining the degree of mobility in the joints lower jaw, neck, limbs using the muscular strength of the examiner. Instrumental methods Research into rigor mortis has not been developed at this time.
If during this period you press on the lower part chest, then the rigor of the diaphragm will be broken, and it will again take its original position. The lungs will collapse, the air from them, passing through the larynx in a strong stream, can cause a sound similar to a groan.
Example . Rigor mortis is sharply (good, satisfactory, bad) expressed in the muscles of the lower jaw, neck, limbs (sometimes experts write: in all commonly studied muscle groups, meaning the muscles of the lower jaw, neck, limbs). Rigor mortis is pronounced in the muscles of the lower jaw, neck, fingers, and moderately in other muscle groups of the extremities. Rigor mortis is absent in all commonly examined muscle groups.
Cadaveric spots
Cadaveric spots are often examined by pressing with a finger and observing the color change of the cadaveric spot at the site of pressure and incisions. The time of restoration of the color of the cadaveric spot and the characteristics of the flow of blood from the cut surface allows us to roughly judge the duration of death.
Pressure on the cadaveric spot is applied during the os projection of the bone. When the corpse is positioned on the back, pressure is applied in the lumbar region corresponding to 3-4 lumbar vertebrae, on the stomach - in the sternum area, in vertical position- according to the inner surface of the tibia.
For more precise definition Dynamometers are used to determine the duration of death using cadaveric spots. Pressure is applied with a force of 2 kg/cm2. At present, dynamometry of cadaveric spots is practically not used due to the lack of dynamometers and the pressure is applied, as before, by the finger of the examiner’s hand, and therefore the data are of relative importance. The results must be assessed with caution and in conjunction with other data. At the scene of the incident, cadaveric spots are examined after 1 hour for 2-3 hours.
The description of the condition of cadaveric spots begins with their general characteristics. Cadaveric spots are abundant (not abundant), confluent (island-shaped, clearly limited), blue-purple (gray-violet, pink, cherry, etc.) are poorly distinguishable, visible on the posterior (posterolateral, anterior, inferior) surface of the body, hands, (between top edge awns iliac bones and feet) when pressed with a finger, they disappear (turn pale, do not change) and restore their color after 15-20 s. Against the background of cadaveric spots on the back surface of the body there are scattered small and large punctate hemorrhages, effusions of blood up to 0.5 cm in diameter (incipient putrefactive blisters). Against the background of poorly visible gray-violet cadaveric spots on the anterior surface of the body on the right, pinpoint hemorrhages are localized. After turning the corpse over from the front surface of the body to the back, the cadaveric spots moved within 50 minutes.
The description of cadaveric spots records the location and severity by area, the nature - confluent or island-shaped, outline, coloring in each of the areas of location, the presence of places with unchanged skin color against the background of cadaveric spots, the number - single (multiple, abundant), where and what incisions were made skin, condition of tissues on the incision.
Incisions are made crosswise or parallel to each other, 1.5-2 cm long, noting the appearance of the skin layers, color, bleeding from the vessels or blood from the vessels or hematoma. In persons with dark color On the skin, cadaveric spots are indistinguishable, and therefore they are always examined through incisions and using additional (histological) research methods.
Cadaveric spots begin to form 30-40 minutes after death (hypostasis stage). After 2-4 hours they increase in size and begin to merge, occupying the underlying areas of the body. Corpse spots reach full development in the period from 3 to 14 hours. At this time, they disappear when pressed with a finger and restore their color. The formation of cadaveric spots continues intensively for 10-12 hours. In the stage of stasis, which lasts approximately 12-24 hours, cadaveric spots turn pale and slowly restore their color.
In the imbibition stage, which lasts 24-48 hours, the color of cadaveric spots does not change when pressed. These patterns in changes in the color of cadaveric spots must be taken into account when determining the duration of death, taking into account the cause and rate of death. Subsequently, cadaveric spots undergo putrefactive changes. With blood loss, the period of appearance of cadaveric spots increases to 2.5-3 hours or more. In the case of carbon monoxide poisoning, the transition of cadaveric spots to the imbibition stage is observed by the end of the day.
The absence of cadaveric spots indicates that at least 2-3 hours have passed since death.
Currently, the most widely used tables for determining the duration of death are based on changes in the color of cadaveric spots, compiled taking into account the cause of death and thanatogenesis (Table 42).
By the location of cadaveric spots, one can judge the position and change in the position of the corpse, guided by the following provisions:
- the location of cadaveric spots on one surface of the body suggests that the corpse was not turned over within 24 hours after death;
- localization of cadaveric spots on two or more surfaces of the body indicates manipulation of the corpse within 24 hours;
- the same intensity of coloring of cadaveric spots on opposite surfaces of the body indicates that the corpse, lying on one surface, was turned over 12-15 hours later onto another;
- a more pronounced expression of cadaveric spots on one of the opposite surfaces gives reason to believe that the corpse lay for at least 15 hours on the surface where the cadaveric spots are more pronounced, and then was turned to another surface.
Example . Cadaveric spots are abundant, confluent, blue-purple, visible on the back surface of the body when pressed with a finger in the area of the spinous process of the 3rd lumbar vertebrae, they disappear and restore their color after 15-20 s.
Cadaveric autolysis
Cloudiness of the cornea with open eyes begins after 2-4 hours, and after 5-7 hours it is already well expressed.
Corpse desiccation
Corpse desiccation (Larche's spots) begins from the cornea and white membranes of open or half-open eyes after 2-6 hours.
Areas of skin that were moisturized during life dry out after 5-6 hours.
Cadaveric desiccation appears 6-12 hours after death, but reaches significant severity only after 1-2 days.
Thickening of dried skin areas and the appearance of a red-brown or yellow-brown color are observed at the end of the 1st and beginning of the 2nd day.
Example : eyes open (half open). The corneas are cloudy. On the white membranes in the corners of the eyes there are dried gray-brown triangular areas (Larchet spots).
A dark red dried parchment spot is visible on the anterior surface of the scrotum. Stretching of the skin in the area of the parchment spot did not reveal any changes.
Putrid changes
The study of putrefactive changes begins with general characteristics manifestations of putrefaction, listing the areas of location of the dirty green color of the skin, changes in the shape, volume, size of the corpse, putrefactive vascular network, cadaveric emphysema, putrefactive blisters, their contents, damage, the presence of epidermal flaps, detachment of hair on the head.
Putrefactive gases begin to form in the large intestine 3-6 hours after death.
The first signs of decay in the form of a cadaverous odor, dirty green coloration of the skin of the iliac areas and mucous membranes respiratory tract appear at a temperature of +16 ... 18 ° C and a relative humidity of 40-60% by 24-36 hours after death. Corpse greens in favorable conditions appear after 12-20 hours.
At a temperature of +20 ... 35 ° C, cadaveric greenery spreads to the torso, neck, head, and limbs. By the end of the second week, it covers the skin of the entire corpse. Against this background, a tree-like branching putrefactive venous network often appears.
In summer, corpse greens appear after 15-18 hours, in winter between one and five days.
After 3-5 days, the stomach becomes a solid dirty green color, and the whole body becomes dirty green after 7-14 days
At a temperature of +15 .. 16 ° C, greening begins on day 4-5 skin iliac regions. In the cold season, it appears within 2-3 days, and at temperatures of 0 °C greening does not appear at all.
Cadaveric emphysema is determined by examining and feeling the corpse. It appears by the end of the first day in favorable conditions, on the 3rd day it becomes clearly visible, and by the 7th day it becomes pronounced.
On the 3rd-4th day, due to the increasing pressure of putrefactive gases in abdominal cavity germs spread throughout venous vessels, painting them dirty red or dirty green. A putrefactive venous network is formed.
Due to the action of gases and the sinking of liquid, detachment of the epidermis and the appearance of blisters filled with dirty-red putrid foul-smelling liquid begin within 4-6 days.
After 9-14 days, the blisters burst, exposing the actual skin.
Example . Putrefactive changes are expressed in the form of a dirty green coloring of the skin of the head and torso, putrefactive venous network on the extremities, cadaveric emphysema, putrefactive blisters filled with dirty red putrefactive fluid. Some of the blisters opened, revealing a yellow-brown surface with a translucent vascular network. Along the edges of the opening blisters, the epidermis hangs down in the form of flaps. The hair on the head becomes detached when touched.
Putrefactive fluid from the openings of the nose and mouth begins to be released within 2 weeks.
For 3 weeks fabrics become slippery and tear easily. Pronounced putrefactive softening of the tissues of the corpse is observed after 3-4 months After 3-6 months. there is a decrease in the size of the corpse.
Natural skeletonization with preserved ligamentous apparatus occurs no earlier than after 1 year. Complete skeletonization with the disintegration of the skeleton into fragments requires at least 5 years (Table 43).
Entomological studies have a certain significance in establishing the age of death. They are based on knowledge of the patterns of appearance of various insects on the corpse, their development cycles, the timing of egg laying, their transformation into larvae, pupae and adults, and the destruction of corpse tissue.
Knowledge of the type of insect and the conditions of its development allows us to judge the time that has passed since death.
When examining a corpse at the scene of an incident or discovery, pay attention to the location of the ovipositors, larvae, and their chitinous shells (after the flies and beetles emerge). Larvae are grouped according to species and development time, since in different areas of the body they may differ from flies in the shape of the larvae or the covering of their body with coarse hairs. When removing material for research, the areas of the body of the corpse from which it was removed are noted. Material is taken not only from the corpse, but also from the surrounding area within a radius of 1 m and from a depth of up to 30 cm.
For oviposition studies, larvae, pupae, puparia cases and adult insects are collected in glass tubes and 200 ml jars, with wet sawdust placed at the bottom. Insects are taken from different areas of the body of the corpse, from the bed of the corpse and from the soil under it from a depth of 15-20 cm, and in rooms from pieces of furniture and from cracks in the floor. Each sample is placed in separate test tubes and jars, flies are separated from beetles. In cases of large numbers of insects, half of the samples are preserved ethyl alcohol. The investigator must expressly send the living specimens to the entomological laboratory of the sanitary-epidemiological station. After 7-10 days, it is advisable to re-examine the corpse bed together with a specialist entomologist to obtain additional information and collect samples of insects that continue their development in natural conditions in the absence of the corpse. The absence of insects and larvae on a putrefactive corpse can be explained by death in the autumn-winter period, as well as by soaking clothes chemicals, repelling flies.
The development cycles of the housefly are of greatest importance in determining the duration of death. The first to arrive are houseflies, corpse flies and blue blowflies, attracted by the smell of rotting meat - green and gray blowflies, which give birth to live larvae up to 1.5 mm long, and then other species of flies from the family of blowflies and flowers.
A housefly at +30 °C goes through the development stage from egg to adult in 10-12 days, and at a temperature of +18 °C - in 25-30 days. At a temperature of +30°C, the egg stage from laying to the formation of a larva requires 8-12 hours, the larval period is 5-6 days, and the pupal period is 4-5 days.
Within 1 week. The larvae are small, thin, no more than 6-7 mm long. On the 2nd week. their progressive growth begins. They become up to 3-4 mm thick, their length exceeds 1.5 cm. By the end of the 2nd week. The larvae crawl into dark places (under a corpse, clothing), lose mobility, and pupate. The pupae are initially yellow-gray, then gradually become dark brown, enclosed in dense shells, in which within 2 weeks. the adult individual develops. A fully formed insect gnaws through one of the ends of the shell and crawls out. Within 1-2 hours, the wet fly dries out, acquires the ability to fly, and within a day can lay eggs.
Temperature +16 ... 18 °C almost triples the time. The usual development cycle of a housefly at a temperature of +18 ... 20 ° C is 3-4 weeks. The presence of only eggs on the corpse indicates the occurrence of death from 12-15 hours to 2 days ago, the presence of larvae - after 10-30 hours, detection of both eggs and larvae - from 1 to 3 days, the predominance of larvae - from 3 days to 2.5 weeks, pupae emerge from the larvae after 6-14 days, flies - 5-30 days. Increasing the temperature to +20- +25 °C reduces the period to 9-15 days. The listed periods are very arbitrary. They can shorten and lengthen depending on temperature, humidity, environment, and layer on top of each other, which sometimes does not allow any specific conclusions to be drawn.
The soft tissues of a child can be eaten by fly larvae to the bones from 6-8 days to 1.5-2 weeks, and of an adult from 3-4 weeks. up to 1.5-2 months
The presence of eggs, larvae and adult flies on the corpse allows us to draw a conclusion about the time that has passed since the beginning of the destruction of the corpse by flies.
The duration of the development periods of flies determines the time of year, climatic conditions, the environment where the corpse is found. When the corpse begins to decompose in the spring-summer months, this period ranges from 25-53 days, and in the autumn-winter months - 312 days.
The timing of the onset of complete mummification is very controversial, according to A.V. Maslova (1981) it can occur in 30-35 days, N.V. Popova (1950) - for 2-3 months, B.D. Levchenkova (1968) - for 6-12 months
In lime pits, lime mummification forms within 1-2 years.
The appearance of fat wax in certain parts of the corpse is possible after 2-5 weeks. after death, in the whole corpse - after 3-4 months Adult corpses turn into fat wax after 8-12 months, and babies - after 4-6 months
Partial exposure of the corpse to a humid environment and the influx of dry warm air cause the formation of adipose wax and island mummification on the same corpse. The absence of patterns in the rate of fat wax formation to determine the duration of death must be used cautiously and in combination with other data.
Under particularly favorable conditions on the surface of the earth, soft tissues can collapse in 1.5-2 months, in the ground - 2-3 years, ligaments and cartilage - 4-6 years after death, bones and hair resist rotting for many years.
Corpses buried in the ground are destroyed by meat eaters (up to 3 months after burial), after them - by skin beetles (up to 8 months) sebum eaters mainly, then carrion eaters predominate (3-8 months), then mites appear, destroying the most resistant tissues of the corpse.
Sarcophagi eat soft tissue and fat from corpses in the ground in 1-3 months, skin beetles - for 2-4 months, sylphs - up to 8 months, and cartilage and ligaments are destroyed by mites. The dark brown hair of corpses in the ground slowly, over the course of 3 years, changes color to reddish-golden or reddish, which must be remembered when identifying exhumed corpses. Degreasing of bones in the ground occurs after 5-10 years. Ants can skeletonize a corpse in 4-8 weeks.
Favorable conditions contribute to the decomposition of a corpse within 3-4 summer months.
Fading of the color of plants under the corpse due to the loss of chlorophyll is observed 6-8 days after the corpse is in this place.
In winter, corpses can remain in cold rooms for several weeks without signs of rotting.
The soft tissues of a corpse in a wooden coffin are completely destroyed in 2-3 years
Determining the duration of death by gastrointestinal tract
The duration of death can be judged by the presence, absence and speed of movement of food into the gastrointestinal tract, using data from normal digestive physiology, which allows us to determine the time elapsed from the moment of ingestion to death. Regular food is evacuated from the stomach in 3-5 hours with 3-4 meals a day, and by the main meals the stomach is empty.
The absence of food in the stomach suggests that food was not taken within 2-3 hours before death.
The presence of almost undigested food mass in the stomach indicates food intake no more than 2 hours before death.
Evacuation of food from the stomach to the duodenum begins 2-4 hours after food enters the stomach. The average speed of movement of food gruel through the intestines is 1.8-2 m/h. Moving at such a speed, it reaches the beginning of the large intestine after 3-3.5 hours, food passes through the hepatic flexure after 6 hours, and through the splenic flexure 12 hours after eating. The presence of food remains in the small and cecal intestines indicates that it was taken 4-6 hours before death, and the absence of food in the stomach and small intestine indicates food intake at least 6-12 hours before death.
The rate of evacuation of food from the stomach to the intestines is influenced by its composition. Vegetable and dairy foods are evacuated from the stomach to the intestines in 2.5-3.5 hours, vegetable foods with a moderate amount of meat (regular food) - in 4-5 hours, foods with a lot of fat, especially lamb, fatty fish, canned food , prunes, raisins, large amounts of sugar, honey, mushrooms, smoked meats - for 8-10 hours. These data can be used if you know the time of consumption of the listed food. In cases of unknown food intake, to establish the time of its intake, the intestines are opened after 0.5-1 m, measuring the distance from the stomach to the place where food particles similar to those detected in the stomach are detected. The study is carried out by washing the gastric contents with water on a sieve.
The presence of approximately 150 ml of ethyl alcohol in 500 ml of food in the stomach contents delays evacuation by an average of 1.5-1 hours.
Determining the duration of death by bladder
The duration of death can be judged by the filling of the bladder if the corpse is found in bed.
The absence of urine in the bladder allows us to judge the occurrence of death at the beginning of the night. Filling it with urine gives reason to believe that death will occur before the morning.
Thus, none of the methods used to determine the duration of death guarantees the accuracy of its determination. However, focusing on the given timing of the appearance of certain cadaveric phenomena, comparing them with each other, taking into account the conditions affecting the time of their appearance and development, it is possible with a certain degree of probability to establish the prescription of death.
From the moment the heart stops, bodies become surprisingly active. And even though the dead will not be able to tell what decomposition is and how this whole process takes place, biologists can do this.
Life after death
The irony is that in order to rot, our bodies must teem with life.
1. Cardiac arrest
The heart stops and the blood thickens. The very moment that doctors call “the time of death.” Once this happens, all other parts of the body begin to die at different rates.
2. Two-tone coloring
The blood, which the “motor” has stopped dispersing through the vessels, accumulates in the veins and arteries. Since it no longer flows, the body takes on a complex coloration. His Bottom part turns purple-blue, like a juicy black eye after a glorious brawl. The laws of physics are to blame: liquid settles in the lower part of the body due to the effects of gravity. The rest of the skin located at the top will have a deathly pale color because the blood has accumulated elsewhere. The circulatory system no longer works, red blood cells lose hemoglobin, which is responsible for the red color, and gradually discoloration occurs, giving a pale color to the tissues.
3. Deadly cold
Algor mortis is the Latin word for “deadly cold.” Bodies lose their lifetime 36.6°C and slowly adapt to room temperature. The cooling rate is about 0.8°C per hour.
Global Look Press/ZUMAPRESS.com/Danilo Balducci
4. Rigor mortis
Hardening and stiffening of limb muscles occurs several hours after death, when the entire body begins to stiffen due to decreased ATP (adenosine triphosphate) levels. Rigor mortis begins in the eyelids and neck muscles. The process of rigor rigor itself is not endless - it stops subsequently when the enzymatic decomposition of muscle tissue begins.
5. Chaotic movements
Yes, the blood has drained and frozen, but bodies are still capable of twitching and bending for several hours after death. Muscle contracts when a person dies, and depending on how many and which muscles contracted during the agony, the body of the deceased may even seem to move.
6. Younger face
As the muscles eventually stop contracting, the wrinkles disappear. Death is a little like Botox. The only trouble is that you are already dead and cannot rejoice in this circumstance.
7. The intestines empty
Although rigor mortis causes the body to freeze, not all organs do so. At the moment of death, our sphincter finally gains freedom, getting rid of total control. When the brain stops regulating involuntary functions, the sphincter begins to do what it wants: it opens, and all the “residues” leave the body.
Global Look Press/imago stock&people/Eibner-Pressefoto
8. Corpses smell great
Corpses are known to smell. Putrid odors- the result of a splash of enzymes, which fungi and bacteria, designed for decomposition processes, perceive as a signal to attack. In the tissues of a corpse there is a mass of everything that allows them to actively reproduce. The “feast” of bacteria and fungi is accompanied by the generation of putrefactive gases with corresponding odors.
9. Animal Invasion
Blowflies literally step on the heels of bacteria and fungi. They are in a hurry to put it aside deceased body their eggs, which then develop into larvae. The larvae cheerfully bite into dead flesh. Later they are joined by ticks, ants, spiders, and then larger scavengers.
10. Farewell sounds
Wild trash from all the doctors and nurses! Bodies will emit gases, creak and moan! All this is the result of a combination of rigor mortis and the vigorous activity of the intestines, which continue to release gas.
11. The intestines are digested
The intestines are filled with a variety of bacteria, which after death do not have to travel far - they immediately attack the intestines. Freed from the immune system's control, the bacteria go on a wild feast.
12. Eyes pop out of their sockets
As organs decompose and the intestines produce gases, these gases cause eyes to bulge from their sockets and tongues to swell and fall out of mouths.
"Universal Pictures Rus"
13. Bloated skin
Gases rush upward, gradually separating the skin from the bones and muscles.
14. Rotting
Following the “slipping down” blood, all cells of the body tend downward under the influence of gravity. The body tissues have already lost their density due to decomposed proteins. Once the putrefaction reaches its apotheosis, the corpses become “sweet” and spongy. In the end, only bones remain.
15. Bones come last
Decades after bacteria, fungi and other organisms have finished off the flesh, the protein in the bones breaks down, leaving behind hydroxyapatite, a bone mineral. But over time it turns to dust.
The dead hear everything
Everything that happens to us beyond the line separating life from death was, is and still is for a long time will remain a mystery. Hence - a lot of fantasies, sometimes quite scary. Especially if they are somewhat realistic.
A dead woman giving birth is one of these horrors. Several centuries ago, when mortality in Europe was prohibitively high, the number of women who died during pregnancy was also high. All the same gases described above led to the expulsion of an already non-viable fetus from the body. All this is casuistry, but the few cases that occurred are documented, writes the Bigpicture portal.
"UPI"
A relative crouched in a coffin is a quite probable phenomenon, but, to put it mildly, exciting. People in past centuries felt about the same as we do today. It was the fear of witnessing something like this, combined with the hope that the dead person might suddenly come to life, that at one time led to the appearance of “houses of the dead.” When relatives doubted that a person was dead, they left him in a room in such a house with a rope tied to his finger, says Naked-Science. The other end of the rope led to a bell located in the next room. If the deceased “came to life”, the bell rang, and the guard, serving in a chair next to the bell, immediately rushed to the deceased. Most often, the alarm was false - the cause of the ringing was the movement of bones caused by gases or the sudden relaxation of muscles. The deceased left the “house of the dead” when there was no longer any doubt about the processes of decay.
The development of medicine, oddly enough, only aggravates the confusion around the processes of death. Thus, doctors have found that some parts of the body continue to live after death for quite a long time, writes InoSMI. These “long-livers” include heart valves: they contain connective tissue cells that preserve “ good shape"some time after death. Thus, heart valves from a deceased person can be used for transplantation within 36 hours of cardiac arrest.
The cornea lives twice as long. Its usefulness lasts three days after you die. This is explained by the fact that the cornea is in direct contact with air and receives oxygen from it.
This can also explain the “long life path» auditory nerve. The deceased, as doctors say, loses hearing, the last of all his five senses. For another three days the dead hear everything - hence the famous: “About the deceased - everything or nothing but the truth.”
What happens to the body in the coffin after it is buried? This question is of interest not only to those who are interested in mysticism and anatomy. Almost every person on the planet often thinks about this. With the burial process and further development body is associated with a large number of myths and interesting facts, which few people know. In our article you can find information that will allow you to learn more about what happens to the corpse throughout the time it is underground and above it.
General information about processes
Death is natural process, which, unfortunately, cannot yet be prevented. Today, how the body decomposes in a coffin is known only to those who have medical education. However, detailed information about such a process is also of interest to many curious people. It is worth noting that various processes occur in a corpse immediately after death. These include temperature changes and oxygen starvation. Already a few minutes after death, organs and cells begin to deteriorate.
Many people torment themselves with the thought of what happens in the coffin with the body. Decomposition, depending on many factors, can proceed in completely different ways. There are more than five processes that, due to certain circumstances, occur in a particular body. Surprisingly, the cadaverous smell is often artificially created by specialized organizations. This is necessary for training detection dogs.
Rotting and mummification
In our article you can find detailed information about what happens in the coffin with human body after death. As we said earlier, there are more than five processes that can take place in a given corpse, depending on a wide variety of factors. The most well-known forms of body development after burial are rotting and mummification. Almost everyone has heard about these processes.
Rotting is a labor-intensive process that occurs in the body. As a rule, it begins on the third day after death. Simultaneously with rotting, the formation of a whole list of gases begins. These include hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and many others. It is for this reason that the corpse gives off an unpleasant odor. Depending on the time of year, the body may decompose slowly or quickly. At air temperatures above 30 degrees Celsius, rotting of a corpse occurs within a maximum period of time. short term. If the body was not buried, its decomposition time on the surface of the earth is 3-4 months. When the rotting process comes to an end, only the bones remain from the corpse, and everything else turns into a mushy mass and eventually disappears completely. It is worth noting that everything that is released at this stage is absorbed by the soil. Thanks to this, it becomes unusually fertile.
What happens to a body in a coffin after death if it undergoes mummification? With this process, the corpse dries out completely. An interesting fact is that during mummification, the initial weight of the body decreases tenfold. As a rule, this process takes place in those corpses that have been in conditions of low humidity for a long time. Such places include an attic or, for example, sandy soil. A mummified corpse can be preserved for quite a long time.
There are only a small number of people who know what happens in a coffin with a human body after death. Nevertheless, this process interests many. In our article you can find out more detailed information about how the body develops after death.
Peat tanning and fat wax formation
The process of fat wax formation occurs if the corpse is buried in damp soil or has been in water for a long time. As a result, the body becomes covered with a fatty layer white, which has a specific and unpleasant odor. Often this process is also called saponification.
Not everyone knows what happens to a person’s body after death in a coffin after 2 months if he is buried in excessively wet soil. After 60 days, the corpse begins to crumble and has a white-yellow tint. If a person’s body is buried in peat soil or located in a swamp, the skin becomes dense and rough. It is worth noting that when tanned, the corpse acquires a brown tint, and the size of the internal organs is significantly reduced. Over time, the bones become soft and resemble cartilage in consistency. By the way, peat tanning can also occur due to the influence of certain factors. These include the temperature of the water and the presence of various microelements and chemicals in it.
The impact of living organisms on a human corpse
In addition to all the above factors, the human body can be destroyed by exposure to animals, insects and birds. Most likely, the body of the deceased is destroyed by fly larvae. Surprisingly, they are capable of completely destroying a corpse in just two months.
Other living organisms that consume the body of a deceased person are ants, cockroaches and carrion eaters. Termites are capable of turning a body into a skeleton in two months. It is no secret that in addition to insects, the human body can be eaten by dogs, wolves, foxes and other predatory animals. In a pond, the corpse is destroyed by fish, beetles, crayfish and other aquatic inhabitants.
Explosive coffins
Not everyone knows what happens to the person in the coffin. As we said earlier, some time after burial, various changes begin to occur with the body. Within a few hours, the corpse begins to release substances, including various gases. If the coffin was not buried, but was placed in a crypt, it may explode. Many cases have been recorded when relatives came to visit the deceased, and he detonated. However, this can only happen if the coffin is hermetically sealed and not placed in the ground. We strongly recommend that you be careful when visiting the crypts.
Self-destruction
What happens to the body in the coffin after death some time later? This question is asked not only by doctors and criminologists, but also by ordinary people. Surprisingly, over a period of time the body absorbs itself. The thing is that in any organism there are millions of a wide variety of bacteria that do not cause any harm during life. First of all, after death, they completely destroy the brain and liver. This is due to the fact that these organs contain the largest amount of water. After this, the bacteria gradually destroy everything else. It is this process that is associated with the change in color of the skin of the deceased. Once the corpse enters the rigor stage, it becomes completely filled with bacteria. The time and process of self-destruction may differ depending on the set of microbes in a particular organism.
It is worth noting that some bacteria can only be present in the body at a certain stage of decomposition and putrefaction. Surprisingly, under the influence of microorganisms, the tissues of the deceased turn into gases, salts and various substances. By the way, all these microelements have a beneficial effect on the composition of the soil.
Larvae
In our article you can find out what happens to the body in the coffin after exposure to the larvae. As we said earlier, in addition to bacteria and other microorganisms, tissues and internal organs are also consumed by insects, animals and birds.
After the self-destruction stage ends, the larvae begin to destroy the corpse. Surprisingly, a female fly is capable of laying about 250 eggs at a time. It is no secret that the body of the deceased emits a pungent and unpleasant odor. It attracts insects that lay large numbers of eggs on the body. Within a day they turn into larvae. Surprisingly, just three flies can devour a corpse with the same speed as a tiger or lion.
The location of certain soil elements or certain microorganisms in the body allows forensic scientists to find out where a person died or was killed. They also claim that soon the bacterial set of a corpse may become a new “weapon” for solving many crimes.
Soul of man
Some people think they know what happens to the body in the coffin. They claim that after some time the soul leaves the body of the deceased, and when dying, a person sees everything that the living do not see. They also believe that the first three days after death are the most difficult for the deceased. The thing is that for 72 hours the soul is still near the body and is trying to return back. She leaves as soon as she sees the face and body change. After this happens, the soul rushes from home to grave for seven days. In addition, she mourns her body.
At the end of seven days the soul goes to a place of peace. After this, she only occasionally lowers herself to the ground to look at her body. Some believe that they know what happens to the body and soul in the coffin. However, it is impossible to prove that the spirit actually leaves the flesh.
Diamond production
Death is hard enough to bear loved one. It is even difficult for some to imagine what happens in the coffin with the body. Often people cremate their deceased relatives or even build a crypt for them right in the yard. IN Lately The technology invented by American specialists is gaining particular popularity. Surprisingly, they create diamonds from the ashes and hair of a deceased person. American experts believe that this is an excellent way to preserve the memory of the deceased. Today, similar technology is used all over the world. As we said earlier, diamonds can also be made from the hair of the deceased. Today this procedure is extremely popular. Few people know, but quite recently a company that produces such jewelry was ordered to make diamonds from Michael Jackson’s hair.
It is worth noting that gems can be created from dust due to the fact that it contains carbon dioxide. The cost of such a service in America is 30 thousand dollars. Many believe that one should not torment oneself with the thought of what happens in the coffin with the body. They argue that it is better to preserve only good memories of the deceased.
Love after death
Everyone deals with the death of a loved one completely differently. There are many cases where people did not bury the deceased, but left him in their house, hiding it. It is known that the man’s wife died, but he did not want to bury her body because he could not let her go because of his great love. Surprisingly, he ordered a transparent coffin and placed his beloved in it, after pouring a special liquid into it. He then built a coffee table out of the coffin.
Another case of strange treatment of a corpse occurred in America. There the woman decided to make a stuffed animal of her husband. She set aside an entire room in the basement for the corpse. There she placed furniture and her husband’s favorite things. She sat the corpse on a chair. The woman often visited him, told him how her day went and asked for advice.
There used to be a kind of tradition. If a person did not find a partner during his lifetime, then he was married after death. It was believed that if this is not done, the soul of the deceased will not find a place for itself and will wander forever.
This tradition existed in Russia as well. If a girl died unmarried, then she was dressed in Wedding Dress and they chose a guy who should follow the coffin to burial. It was believed that thanks to this the soul would find peace. It is worth noting that in some populated areas This tradition is still popular today.
IN ancient Egypt Necrophilia was widespread. This is no coincidence, because the Egyptians believed the myths according to which she impregnated herself with the help of the corpse of Osiris.
Let's sum it up
Death is a natural process. A large number of myths, guesses and interesting facts are associated with it. It's no secret that coping with the loss of a loved one is quite difficult. Because of this, some people become depressed and do not make contact with society. There are many cases where people begin to suffer from a mental disorder. As a rule, they do not bury their relatives, but leave them in the house, hiding it from neighbors and friends. In our article you found out what happens to the body in the coffin. The photos that we have selected will allow you to find out what happens to a person after death.
