Hexamine (Hexamine, Hexamethylenetetramine, Methenamine, food additive E239, dry fuel, dry alcohol)– synthetic drug, antibacterial drug, a component in the production of plastics and synthetic rubber.
Physicochemical characteristics.
Chemical formula: C 6 H 12 N 4. Appearance- colorless rhombic crystals, odorless. Density: 1.27 g/cm3. Melting point 263°C. Decomposition temperature 280°C. When heated, it evaporates without melting. Burns with a pale flame. Aqueous solutions have an alkaline reaction. In an acidic environment it breaks down, releasing formaldehyde.
| Solvent | Temperature, °C | Solubility, g/100g solvent |
| Ethanol | 12 | 3,2 |
| 20 | 2,89 | |
| Methanol | 20 | 7,25 |
| Acetone | 20 | 0,65 |
| Benzene | 20 | 0,23 |
| Amyl alcohol | 20 | 1,84 |
| Ammonia liquid | 20 | 1,3 |
| Glycerol | 20 | 20,5 |
| Diethyl ether | 20 | 0,06 |
| Xylene | 20 | 0,14 |
| Petroleum ether | Insoluble | |
| Carbon disulfide | 20 | 0,17 |
| Carbon tetrachloride | 20 | 0,85 |
| Trichlorethylene | 20 | 0,11 |
| Chloroform | 20 | 13,4 |
| Water | 12 | 81,3 |
| 20 | 167 |
Application.
Hexamine is used for growing yeast stock cultures. There should be no residue of it in the finished yeast.
Technical methenamine is used in the production of plastics, synthetic rubber, varnish films; V analytical chemistry for the preparation of buffer solutions, for microcrystalscopic discovery of a number of ions; in the production of explosives (raw materials for the production of hexogen) and hexamethylene triperoxide diamine; as a corrosion inhibitor.
Used in medicine as a medicine (antiseptic) for treatment urinary tract and anti-influenza drug.
In the food industry, hexamethylenetetramine is used as a preservative additive E239. It is used in cheese making, as well as for preserving red caviar.
In everyday life it is used as a dry fuel (“dry alcohol”) for cooking (warming up) food, for lighting and calcining stoves, warming up cellars, garages, etc. Heat of combustion is 30.045 MJ/kg.
The use of methenamine as a corrosion inhibitor when cleaning thermal power equipment.
To chemically remove iron oxide deposits from carbon steels in heat exchangers, various complex inhibitors are used, which include methenamine.
Simultaneous cleaning of the inner surface from iron oxides and degreasing is carried out with an aqueous solution: 0.5% hexamine; 0.5% PB-5 inhibitor; 0.3% OP-7. This solution protects steel at temperatures above 60 °C. The rate of dissolution of steel under scale (at a temperature of 80 °C) is 15 g/m2 *h.
For Steel 20 and static tensile stresses up to 220 MPa, use a 4% washing solution of hydrochloric acid with the addition of 0.5% methenamine and 0.5% PB-5.
To clean scale from high-temperature boilers with a significant reduction in hydrogenation of boiler steel, a solution can be used: 3% hydrochloric acid; 1% sulfuric acid; 0.3% catapina; 0.5% methenamine. The temperature of the working solution is 80°C.
Cleaning the surface of heat exchange equipment made of L-62 brass from iron-copper deposits is carried out by washing with a 3% solution of hydrochloric acid containing 0.05% Fe 3+ and Cu 2+ (temperature 60-80 ° C, solution speed 1 m/s ) with the addition of inhibitors: 0.5% PB-5; 0.15% methenamine; 0.96% sodium thiosulfate. The dissolution rate of brass under deposits at a temperature of 80 °C is 13.8 g/m2 *h, and at a temperature of 60 °C it is 6 g/m2 *h.
Metal etching is a preparatory operation before applying paints, protective and decorative films to metal surfaces, as well as before covering them with other metals. The final result of all work depends on the quality of etching.
Pickling allows you to remove contaminants (rust, scale and other corrosion products) from metal parts that are firmly adhered to their surface. The main purpose of etching is to remove corrosion products; in this case, the base metal should not be etched.
In recipes for etching, solutions of acids are used: nitric, sulfuric, hydrochloric, orthophosphoric, acetic. To prevent metal etching, add special additives. Urotropine is one of these supplements. Hexamine is characterized by its universal use for all of the above solutions of acids and their combinations. Add 0.5 g of methenamine per 1 liter of acid solution to all etching solutions.
Hexamine is used for preserving a limited number of food products(non-mass consumption products). This is due to the danger of methenamine for human health. In particular, for the preservation of fish caviar, methenamine is used in concentrations of up to 1000 mg/kg of product.
Hexamine contains formaldehyde, which is its active principle. When hexamine is reformed, formaldehyde is split off. Formaldehyde is a strong disinfectant. It is not recommended as a dietary supplement by the Joint FAO/WHO Committee on food additives. Formaldehyde actively interacts with proteins and forms difficult-to-cleave protease complexes with them. In this case, the proteins harden. This phenomenon is used when storing histological preparations.
Receipt.
Urizol is produced by the method of contact transformation of methanol into formaldehyde, which reacts with ammonia in the liquid phase to form hexamine crystals, followed by its isolation by precipitation and centrifugation, drying and stabilization with silicon dioxide.
Hexamine C6H12N4
Hexamine was first synthesized by A.M. Butlerov. in 1860 from ammonia and formaldehyde:
Formaldehyde is a strong reducing agent and reacts quite easily with ammonia, so the yield of methenamine is quite good.
Physical properties
Urotropin- colorless crystals or white crystalline powder of a pungent and sweet, and then bitter taste, odorless. Easily soluble in water (1:1.5) and alcohol (1:10). Also soluble in chloroform and methanol. Poorly soluble in benzene, ether, carbon tetrachloride. When heated, methenamine evaporates without melting. Burns with a pale flame. Aqueous solutions have an alkaline reaction (pH of 40% solution 7.8 - 8.2).
Chemical properties
Urotropin- a rather weak nucleophile containing only NCH 2 bonds. With weak acids it produces low-stable salts, with strong acids it decomposes into ammonium salts and formaldehyde, and is resistant to alkalis. Co alcohol solution nitric acid gives mononitrate. With aqueous 60% nitric acid it gives a dinitrate precipitate. When exposed to benzyl, allyl and phenacyl halides, it forms monosubstituted hexaminium salts; the latter are converted during alcoholysis into primary amines (Delepin reaction), and during acid hydrolysis into aldehydes (Somle reaction). A solution of hexamine in acetic acid- a mild oxidizing agent used to convert amines to aldehydes or ketones. Reacts with phenol in the presence of glycerol boric acid to form ortho-or, if the ortho-position is occupied, para-hydroxybenzaldehyde (Duff reaction). Aromatic hydrocarbons, when heated with methenamine in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid, are converted into aldehydes. When methenamine is nitrated with fuming nitric acid in the presence of ammonium nitrate and acetic anhydride, hexogen is formed. Reacts with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of citric or nitric acids to form hexamethylene triperoxide diamine. With bromine and iodine it forms complexes containing 2 halogen molecules (one is split off when heated).
The structure of methenamine
Urotropin represents a symmetric rhombohedron consisting of C-N and C-H bonds, represented by the fragment -NCH 2 -:
Pharmacological properties and application in medicine
Urotropine (Hexamethylenetetramine) - one of the very few synthetic drugs in use today, with a history of more than 100 years: it began to be used back in 1884. The drug has an antiseptic effect, mainly in the urinary tract. Applicable in pure form and as part of combination drugs (for example, Calcex). In its pure form, hexamethylenetetramine is used orally or intravenously, in the form of salts: hippurate, indigo carmate or camphorate. The mechanism of action is based on the release of free formaldehyde, which denatures bacterial proteins. This determines the tissue specificity of the action of hexamethylenetetramine and the relative safety of the drug, since it breaks down with the release of active formaldehyde only in the acidic environment of urine, thereby acting directly on bacteria, causing diseases urinary tract.
Prescribed medicine for inflammatory processes in the kidneys and urinary tract:
- Cystitis
- Pielite.
Since the medication effectively treats sweat, Urotropin is used to treat sweating of the armpits, legs, and palms. It is also often used for intoxication. The drug removes toxins and quickly eliminates the symptoms of poisoning.
In addition, "Urotropin" is used in veterinary practice, in the treatment of inflammatory pathologies of the urinary system in cattle.
Compound
The composition of the drug includes the main active substance methenamine, water for injection is used as an additive.
Medicinal properties
"Urotropin" (hexamethylenetetramine) is considered a number of synthetic antiseptics, and is used both in medicine and as a veterinary drug, as well as in the chemical industry and national economy, (in this case, “Urotropin technical”, GOST 1381-73 is used).
Hexamethylenetetramine is produced by condensing formalhehyde and ammonia using a special formula. After graduation chemical reaction a certain mixture appears, which is filtered and evaporated until a paste forms. As a result, crystals are formed, which are recrystallized from alcohol. For medical purposes, use "Urotropin" of the highest grade, grade C, which meets the standards of the State Pharmacopoeia.
The medication has an antimicrobial effect and also produces a significant anti-inflammatory effect. Hexamethylenetetramine is highly effective and safe medicines. The properties of the drug make it possible to use it for many diseases. In particular, "Urotropin" has an active effect in the formation of pathologies of the urinary tract, since its mechanism of action occurs in an acidic environment. In addition to its antibacterial properties, Urotropin has a diuretic effect, which helps remove toxic substances from the body and also effectively eliminates sweating. The substance is broken down in the kidneys and in areas of inflammation. Hexamethylenetetramine is excreted in the urine.
The average price is from 30 to 60 rubles.
Solution for injections “Urotropin”
Solution for injection 40%, is a clear, odorless liquid, in glass ampoules of 5 and 10 ml. 10 ampoules are in a cardboard package, along with an annotation.
Mode of application
The medicine is used for intravenous injections, 5-10 ml of 40% solution. The dosage and treatment regimen are prescribed individually for each patient by the attending physician, taking into account age, weight and severity of the disease.
The average price is from 200 to 600 rubles.
Powder of “Hexamethylenetetramine” (hexamethylenetetramine)
The powder is white in color, without any particular odor, and has a sweetish-burning taste, turning bitter. It dissolves well in water and alcohol. Packaged in special bags.
Average price from 120 to 370 rubles.
Urotropin tablets
Hexamethylenetetramine tablets are produced in 0.25 g and 0.5 g, offered in special transparent glass tubes of 10 pieces. They are white in color, have a slightly bitter taste, and dissolve well in liquid.
Method of use of tablets and powder
For diseases of the urinary system, tablets should be taken orally at 0.5-1.0 g (1-2 tablets) twice a day, washed down with water, for 7-10 days. The children's norm is 0.1-0.5 g, before meals, 2 times a day. The exact dose should be checked with a specialist.
Treatment of sweating feet and armpits
Moreover, hexamethylenetetramine is effective in increased sweating legs and armpits. When using the medicine to eliminate sweat in the armpits, follow some steps. First of all, you need to thoroughly wash your armpits using tar soap. Then apply the product to dry skin with a cotton pad. This procedure can be repeated no more than once every two weeks, preferably before bedtime. To avoid irritation of the armpits, do not use the product after shaving. If the skin of the armpits is excessively sensitive, hexamethyltetramine can be diluted with a small amount of water.
For sweaty feet, the use of the drug is similar. It is necessary to apply "Urotropin" only to clean, dry feet. Carefully treat the entire surface of the feet and the area between the toes, then put on cotton socks. If there are any injuries on the surface of your feet, do not use the drug until they are completely healed. Do not apply too much methenamine, as it can dry out the skin of your feet. Thus, the proposed treatment will help get rid of the formation of sweat on long time. After a few weeks, the procedure can be repeated.
To consolidate the result, you should also follow several recommendations: maintain hygiene, take a warm shower, wear clothes made of natural materials that allow the underarm area to breathe, and choose quality shoes.
Contraindications and precautions
Hexamethylenetetramine has no special contraindications; almost the only one is increased susceptibility to methenamine.
If hematuria or proteinuria develops during therapy, treatment should be discontinued.
It's also worth remembering that joint reception medications and alcohol are possible, however, in order to avoid increased acidity of urine, it is better to avoid drinking drinks containing alcohol.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding
The effect of the drug during pregnancy and breastfeeding is unknown; it would be correct to refrain from using it during this period.
Interaction with other drugs
The effect of the drug with other medications is not known.
Side effects
Most likely adverse reactions may arise as:
- Skin rashes
- Frequent urination
- Hematuria.
Overdose
In case of overdose, the following symptoms are most often diagnosed:
- Unpleasant sensations in the area urethra manifested by itching and burning
- Urinary tract irritation
- Hematuria
- Urinary dysfunction
- Allergy formation.
Conditions and shelf life
Store hexamethylenetetramine solution for injection, as well as tablets and powder, in a dry and dark place. Recommended shelf life is 2 years.
Analogs
Rosbio LLC, Russia, etc.
Price from 400 to 450 rub.
The drug is an antiseptic and disinfectant and is presented in the form of a solution. Mainly used as antimicrobial agent for diseases of the genitourinary system, for treatment skin, oral cavity etc.
pros
- Has a powerful antibacterial effect
- Long lasting action
Minuses
- Sometimes observed allergic reaction
- Use with extreme caution in pediatrics.
Rosbio/Yuzhfarm, Russia
Price from 15 to 200 rub.
The medication has a beneficial effect on the condition of the urinary system, is an excellent remedy for the prevention of diseases such as cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis, etc. Strengthens the effect of antimicrobial agents. Available in capsule and powder form.
pros
- Has an antioxidant effect.
- Non-addictive
Minuses
- Do not use when acute diseases Gastrointestinal tract
- Do not take during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
- Sometimes causes an allergic reaction.
Hexamine is a strong antimicrobial antiseptic, which is based on the substance methamine. This drug is used to treat a wide variety of diseases, such as inflammatory processes V genitourinary system, in the kidneys, with skin allergic rashes, as well as with increased sweating. Before the advent of deodorizing preparations containing aluminum salts, methenamine was successfully used as one of the main means to eliminate the symptoms of hyperhidrosis.
Action
The action of methenamine lies in its reaction with the acidic environment of secreted sweat, resulting in the formation of the substance formaldehyde, which has antimicrobial properties, which, after performing its functions, is completely eliminated from the body naturally. In case of hyperhidrosis, methenamine has a destructive effect on pathogenic microflora, highlighting bad smell, and tightens the pores, thereby stopping the release of sweat in the treatment areas. The main active ingredient of Hexamine is methamine, which has long been used in anti-sweat preparations, in particular, it is active component widely used Teymurov paste.
Release form
The drug Urotropin has several forms of release:
- Powder white, odorless, easily soluble in water.
- Tablets dissolved in liquid, 10 pieces each with a dosage of 0.25 and 0.5 g.
- Solution for injection in the form of a clear, odorless liquid with varying concentrations.
For hyperhidrosis, a solution in ampoules is more often used.
Indications for use
Urotropine is mainly used for inflammatory diseases in the genitourinary system in the form of cystitis or pyelitis.
User commentsIn addition, it is used in veterinary medicine, using its antitoxic, antimicrobial and diuretic properties to suppress inflammation in urinary system in large animals. Due to its properties, urotropin promotes the excretion harmful substances from the body, completely neutralizing their effect during intoxication and in the event of toxic infections, it is used for complex treatment mastitis and endometritis in cattle.
Hexamine is used as effective remedy from increased sweating in people in various parts of their body.
Advantages
Hexamine has many advantages that ensure this drug is in demand among the population.
The main ones are:
- low cost;
- effective action;
- duration of the therapeutic effect;
- ease of use;
- safety.
Thanks to these qualities, the drug enjoys a good reputation; its ease of use allows it to be used for various inflammatory processes.
Side effects
The drug can cause side effect in the form of irritation, redness, itching and rashes on the skin, which is especially typical when used as an external remedy. At internal use Irritation of the kidney parenchyma may occur, and administration may be accompanied by dyspeptic disorders, abdominal pain, and nausea. Sometimes local irritation in the urinary tract may develop. The drug can manifest itself as hematuria, proteinuria, and frequent urination. If such symptoms appear, stop taking the medication.
Overdose
In cases where the recommended dose of Hexamine is exceeded, an allergic reaction to the action of the drug may occur in the form of hives or other skin rashes. Often in this case, patients complain of burning sensations and itching in the urinary tract, as well as hematuria with the appearance of blood in the urine.
Features of use against increased sweating
Hexamine can solve the problem of increased sweating, and the duration of its action in this case can reach up to 30 days. To combat sweating, the drug is used as a liquid or in powder. Hexamethylenetetramine in the form of liquid in ampoules is rarely found in pharmacies; it is allowed to replace it with the drug Hexamethylenetetramine 5%, which is usually done when treating the legs, and in some cases in the armpit area.
In case of excessive foot sweating, the product is applied to the feet, and in this case a 40% solution is used. Feet should be washed and dried, and when applying Special attention is given to the skin between the fingers, which is treated more carefully. This method prevents skin damage and fungal infections; in order to use Hexagon, you need to get rid of this.
Instructions for use
As stated in the instructions attached to the drug, Urotropin injections are intended for intravenous administration. The dosage of the drug, treatment regimen and timing are prescribed by the doctor, based on the number of years and health status of the patient, as well as the severity of his symptoms.
- During treatment skin pathologies and cases of hyperhidrosis, the product is applied to the affected areas of the skin at least once every two weeks, unless otherwise prescribed by the attending physician. Excessive application of the drug can narrow the skin ducts, dry out the skin with the formation of cracks and tightness, even complete atrophy sweat glands. Drinking alcohol while using Hexamine is not recommended, due to the fact that alcohol causes an increase in the acidity of urine, which contributes to additional irritation of the urinary organs.
- Healing hormone in the form of tablets is prescribed for various infectious lesions of the urinary tract, intravenously for influenza, encephalitis, meningitis, typhoid fever, with sepsis. With the help of an acidic reaction at the site of inflammation, the drug has a significant antiseptic and colloidoclastic effect, intravenous administration causes changes in the composition of blood plasma, which increases the body's defenses.
- When using tablets, formaldehyde and uric acid, thereby helping to improve the condition of patients suffering from gout. The drug is taken on an empty stomach to avoid its breakdown in the stomach.
- Healing hormone is used for cholangitis and cholecystitis, which are a consequence of inflammation of the gallbladder.
- This drug is used in case of eye inflammation in the form of keratitis and iridocyclitis.
When treating serious pathologies, it is necessary to monitor the body's condition and not exceed the recommended dose, although some cases may require longer therapy than indicated in the instructions. In any case, the decision on these issues remains the right of the attending physician, who, when prescribing, is based on the nature of the disease.
Foot treatment
To treat the legs, ampoules with a 40% solution are used; one ampoule will be enough to completely treat the legs. A drug with a solution of this concentration can be bought at a veterinary pharmacy; it is not available in regular pharmacies.
The procedure is carried out in the following order, doing it in the evening, before going to bed:
- feet are pre-washed using laundry soap, especially areas between the fingers;
- feet are thoroughly dried;
- the product is applied to the problem area of the skin;
- put on cotton socks;
- The next morning, wash your feet with warm water and soap.
In some cases, the concentration of the drug can cause skin tightness; if you feel discomfort, you need to slightly dilute the solution with plain water. During treatment, it is important to maintain personal hygiene and keep your feet and shoes clean.
Treatment of armpit skin
For the skin of the armpits, it is better to take a less concentrated solution of 5%, since the skin in this area of the body is thinner and more sensitive.
- the day before using the drug, the hair is removed so that possible damage can heal;
- The skin of the armpits is wiped with a solution;
- if a burning sensation is felt after application, the drug is thoroughly washed off;
- taken in the morning cold and hot shower using antibacterial soap.
The use of Hexamine is quite effective; as a result of its use, there is completely no need for other means, since it clogs the sweat ducts and blocks the secretion of sweat.
Contraindications
Hexamine has no particularly pronounced contraindications; it is not used for hypersensitivity to methenamine. As special contraindications This refers to the possibility of developing proteinuria and hematuria, in this case, if blood or protein appears in the urine, immediate cessation of use of this drug is required.
Where can you buy Urotropin and its cost?
You can purchase Hexamine in a regular or veterinary pharmacy at a fairly low price. The cost of a five percent drug is no more than 50 rubles. Moreover, if for some reason it was not possible to purchase Hexamethylenetetramine, then it can be replaced with an analogue - Hexamethylenetetramine.
Analogs
Hexamethylenetetramine is a synthetic analogue of Hexatropine, it is used in medical purposes more than a hundred years old and is part of many medicines, used in the treatment of pathologies in the genitourinary area. All analogues of Hexamine contain one active ingredient - methanamine, and they are presented in the form of Amino form. Vesalvin, Formamine, Cystamine, Cystogen, Urizol.
You can also use your own prepared product with Hexamine, using it in powder or in the form of crushed tablets mixed with starch or talc. The resulting composition is used as a powder.
Everyone who has used Hexamine, especially in the case of eliminating excessive sweating, notes its high effectiveness. Thanks to this drug, they were able to relieve themselves of discomfort during copious discharge sweat in the armpits and legs. It turned out to be no less useful in the treatment of other diseases.
Hexamethylenetetramine. Hexamethylentetraminum methenamine
Hexamethylenetetramine is a product of the reaction of a solution of formaldehyde with ammonia. It was first obtained by A. M. Butlerov (1860), but only 35 years after its discovery it began to be used in medicine. Raw materials for semi-
To test hexamethylenetetramine, use a 40% solution of formaldehyde in water and ammonia water. 25% ammonia water is added to the formaldehyde solution, the mixture is stirred and the temperature is maintained within 40-50 °C.
After the reaction is complete, the reaction mixture should be alkaline and smell of ammonia. Add to the mixture Activated carbon, filter it, the filtrate is evaporated in vacuum to a paste-like mass. When cooled, hexamethylenetetramine crystals crystallize. They are sucked off, washed and dried at a temperature of 30-35 ° C. The resulting hexamethylenetetramine is recrystallized from alcohol.
Hexamethylenetetramine is a white crystalline powder, very hygroscopic. Has no smell. The taste is pungent, sweet at first, then bitter. The drug is highly soluble in water and alcohol, soluble in chloroform, and almost insoluble in ether. Aqueous solutions of hexamethylenetetramine have a slightly alkaline reaction. When heated, they evaporate without melting. When heated aqueous solutions hexamethylenetetramine, it hydrolyzes to form formaldehyde and ammonia.
In an acidic environment, hexamethylenetetramine decomposes with the release of formaldehyde. When an alkali solution is added to the reaction mixture, the smell of ammonia is felt.
This reaction is given by GF X as an authenticity reaction to hexamethylenetetramine.
When heated with salicylic acid in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, a violet-red color is formed.
The reaction is based on the release of formaldehyde, which, with salicylic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid, forms an auric dye (see authenticity reactions Solutio Forma ldehydi)
Hexamethylenetetramine is a monoacid base,
tertiary nitrogen gives it basic properties, therefore, with acids it forms double salts, for example, hexamethylenetetramine hydrochloride (CHLH-HC!. The presence of tertiary nitrogen, like in alkaloids, also causes the formation of picrates (yellow precipitate), tetraiodides (CH2)b^-14 and other reaction products.Hexamethylenetetramine has the ability to form complex compounds with salts of silver, calcium and phosgene.
Regarding the good quality of the drug, GF X requires the absence of organic impurities and impurities of ammonium salts (yellow coloring should not appear from the addition of Nessler's reagent to the drug solution when heating Nessler's reagent), paraform impurities (clouding of the solution from adding Nessler's reagent when heating). Allowed impurities of chlorides, sulfates, heavy metals within the limits of the corresponding standards.
The quantitative content of the drug can be determined by the neutralization method. A sample of the drug is heated with a certain amount of a titrated solution of sulfuric acid; after cooling the mixture, the excess acid is titrated with alkali using methyl red. In parallel, under the same conditions, a control experiment is carried out (pharmacopoeial method).
Hexamethylenetetramine as a base can be titrated with an acid against a mixed indicator (methylene blue and methyl orange) until the color changes from green to blue-violet.
This method is less accurate than the first, but it is quite widely used in the rapid analysis of medicinal mixtures.
Hexamethylenetetramine is used as disinfectant. Its action is based on the formation of formaldehyde in an acidic environment, which has a disinfectant effect. Used for urinary tract diseases. It should be taken into account that if the urine is not acidic, the drug is ineffective, since it will not break down into formaldehyde. Along with the antiseptic effect, hexamethylenetetramine exhibits to some extent an anti-odagric effect, so it is also used for rheumatism.
Hexamethylenetetramine finds wide application and as an anti-influenza agent. The drug is prescribed orally in powders and tablets and intravenously in the form of a 40% solution.
Available in powder and tablets of 0.25 and 0.5 g, as well as in ampoules of 5-10 ml of 40% solution. Should be stored in well sealed jars.
